M Zahid Hasan, Nowrin Mow, Mohammad Rakibul Alam, S. M. R. Hasan, R. Mamtaz
With increasing production of textile products, textile industries (TIs) are generating a considerable amount of liquid and solid wastes which bring in many adverse impacts on the environment such as landfill occupation, contamination of air, soil, surface water, and groundwater. In Bangladesh, while prioritizing the disposal and management of textile liquid wastes, the necessity of management of textile solid wastes (TSWs) are often neglected. TSW is generated in a considerable amount but no proper management or disposal system is followed by the industries. An attempt has been made in this study to find a sustainable disposal option for TSW. The experiments were conducted throughout 2016. This research is concerned with a particular type of solid waste, very dusty in composition, generated from slitting, brushing and sueding machine in the dyeing unit of the composite TI. Using this particular type of TSW, papermaking was attempted following manual procedures. TSW at ten different ratios were added to scrap abandoned paper mixture (paper : waste = 1 : 0.25, 1 : 0.5, 1 : 0.75, 1 : 1, 1 : 1.5, 1 : 2, 1 : 2.25, 1 : 2.5, 1 : 2.75, 1 : 3, etc.) to produce papers. A pulp consistency test and different tests on produced paper e.g. basis weight, bulk, and density, book bulk, thickness, hygroexpansivity, formation, moisture, and finish were conducted according to Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI) methods and ISO standards were followed to determine the quality of pulp and type of papers. The result was promising and showed a high potential for the use of TSW in the papermaking industry. Following the test results found in this research it can be said that the solid waste can be efficiently used mainly for making blotting paper, tissue, official or business paper, and paperboard, etc. Further research with a large amount of sample from different industries along with high-end equipment may disclose more information about the recycling extent of this TSW.
{"title":"RECYCLING POTENTIAL OF TEXTILE SOLID WASTE","authors":"M Zahid Hasan, Nowrin Mow, Mohammad Rakibul Alam, S. M. R. Hasan, R. Mamtaz","doi":"10.2495/WM180121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/WM180121","url":null,"abstract":"With increasing production of textile products, textile industries (TIs) are generating a considerable amount of liquid and solid wastes which bring in many adverse impacts on the environment such as landfill occupation, contamination of air, soil, surface water, and groundwater. In Bangladesh, while prioritizing the disposal and management of textile liquid wastes, the necessity of management of textile solid wastes (TSWs) are often neglected. TSW is generated in a considerable amount but no proper management or disposal system is followed by the industries. An attempt has been made in this study to find a sustainable disposal option for TSW. The experiments were conducted throughout 2016. This research is concerned with a particular type of solid waste, very dusty in composition, generated from slitting, brushing and sueding machine in the dyeing unit of the composite TI. Using this particular type of TSW, papermaking was attempted following manual procedures. TSW at ten different ratios were added to scrap abandoned paper mixture (paper : waste = 1 : 0.25, 1 : 0.5, 1 : 0.75, 1 : 1, 1 : 1.5, 1 : 2, 1 : 2.25, 1 : 2.5, 1 : 2.75, 1 : 3, etc.) to produce papers. A pulp consistency test and different tests on produced paper e.g. basis weight, bulk, and density, book bulk, thickness, hygroexpansivity, formation, moisture, and finish were conducted according to Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI) methods and ISO standards were followed to determine the quality of pulp and type of papers. The result was promising and showed a high potential for the use of TSW in the papermaking industry. Following the test results found in this research it can be said that the solid waste can be efficiently used mainly for making blotting paper, tissue, official or business paper, and paperboard, etc. Further research with a large amount of sample from different industries along with high-end equipment may disclose more information about the recycling extent of this TSW.","PeriodicalId":103799,"journal":{"name":"Waste Management and the Environment IX","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121610291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A questionnaire survey was conducted to Japanese university students, on their part-time job experience with food establishments, current and past experience and habits relating to food, and their opinions on food waste. Survey results indicate that instructions at home had the strongest influence in building up students’ attitudes against wasting food at various settings. Instructions at school lunches and taking environmental courses in university contributed to a lesser degree. On the other hand, experience in a food-related job made students more positive about current practice on wasting food. Analysis results also indicated a connection between concerns on “best before” dates and support on the current practice of wastage.
{"title":"HOW DO UPBRINGING AND EXPERIENCES AFFECT JAPANESE STUDENTS’ ATTITUDES ON FOOD WASTE?","authors":"T. Okayama, Kohei Watanabe","doi":"10.2495/WM180291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/WM180291","url":null,"abstract":"A questionnaire survey was conducted to Japanese university students, on their part-time job experience with food establishments, current and past experience and habits relating to food, and their opinions on food waste. Survey results indicate that instructions at home had the strongest influence in building up students’ attitudes against wasting food at various settings. Instructions at school lunches and taking environmental courses in university contributed to a lesser degree. On the other hand, experience in a food-related job made students more positive about current practice on wasting food. Analysis results also indicated a connection between concerns on “best before” dates and support on the current practice of wastage.","PeriodicalId":103799,"journal":{"name":"Waste Management and the Environment IX","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125286591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Food waste is generated in large amounts across the food chain, ensuring serious environmental, social and economic consequences. Although consumers are the single biggest contributors, little is known about the drivers of food waste in households. This study utilises a qualitative approach to explore attitudes and beliefs towards food waste, identify associations between personal psychological factors and behaviour and establish consumer knowledge, understanding and awareness of food waste. Thematic analysis enabled further consideration of the attitude, normative and control beliefs in relation to household food waste behaviour. Findings suggest that all the dimensions of attitudinal beliefs have, to a greater or lesser extent, relevance to deeper understanding of behaviour in this context together with the moral and environmental implications of domestic food waste. The study provides additional theoretical insights into how people behave in relation to wasting food in their own homes. The findings can be taken into account in terms of influencing policy and marketing communications aimed at changing individual wasteful behaviour. Additionally, this research contributes to understanding of proenvironmental and moral values in relation to global sustainability concerns, as well as establish the level of consumer knowledge, understanding and awareness of food waste.
{"title":"‘WASTE NOT, WANT NOT!’: QUALITATIVE INSIGHTS INTO CONSUMER FOOD WASTE BEHAVIOUR","authors":"M. Bishop, P. Megicks","doi":"10.2495/WM180281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/WM180281","url":null,"abstract":"Food waste is generated in large amounts across the food chain, ensuring serious environmental, social and economic consequences. Although consumers are the single biggest contributors, little is known about the drivers of food waste in households. This study utilises a qualitative approach to explore attitudes and beliefs towards food waste, identify associations between personal psychological factors and behaviour and establish consumer knowledge, understanding and awareness of food waste. Thematic analysis enabled further consideration of the attitude, normative and control beliefs in relation to household food waste behaviour. Findings suggest that all the dimensions of attitudinal beliefs have, to a greater or lesser extent, relevance to deeper understanding of behaviour in this context together with the moral and environmental implications of domestic food waste. The study provides additional theoretical insights into how people behave in relation to wasting food in their own homes. The findings can be taken into account in terms of influencing policy and marketing communications aimed at changing individual wasteful behaviour. Additionally, this research contributes to understanding of proenvironmental and moral values in relation to global sustainability concerns, as well as establish the level of consumer knowledge, understanding and awareness of food waste.","PeriodicalId":103799,"journal":{"name":"Waste Management and the Environment IX","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123065447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the progressive raising of the Nui Phao Mine Tailings Storage Facility (TSF) there has been a detectable increase in groundwater levels in downstream areas. The local community raised concerns in relation to the rising groundwater levels via the established grievance mechanism with Nui Phao Mine Company (NPMC). In order to understand the basis for the changes in groundwater levels and proposed mitigations NPMC undertook a comprehensive multi-phase study of the groundwater flows downstream of the TSF impoundments between 2015 and 2017. The studies included geological mapping, drilling and geophysical investigations. Once initial geological mapping was completed a line of 16 monitoring bores were installed along the property boundary with to the local community. In the dry season, only two of these bores intercepted water, and all the others remained dry. Additional geophysics and ground penetrating radar work studies undertaken failed to delineate significant water bearing structures within the boundary area. A long-term monitoring and control system has now been established to monitor both the changes in groundwater levels as well as the chemical quality of groundwater in the area. The comprehensive monitoring system will be kept in operation and maintained through operations and into the mine closure period. Analysis of the data collected prior to and during the operation of the TSF has allowed the development of a model to predict groundwater and contaminant transport flows using a finite difference code. Application of the model allowed for mitigation approaches to be considered and after reviewing a dewatering channel was proposed and constructed in the boundary area down to an elevation of 52 mRL. The drainage channel installation has successfully lowered the groundwater and surface water for the community adjacent to the property boundary. The success demonstrates the effectiveness of NPMC’s grievance mechanism as well as demonstrating NPMC’s willingness to work with and resolve concerns in consultation with local
{"title":"INVESTIGATION, MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT OF DOWNSTREAM GROUNDWATER IN THE TAILINGS STORAGE FACILITIES OF NUI PHAO MINE, VIETNAM","authors":"Q. Nguyen, R. Kitchener, C. Bradshaw","doi":"10.2495/wm180041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/wm180041","url":null,"abstract":"With the progressive raising of the Nui Phao Mine Tailings Storage Facility (TSF) there has been a detectable increase in groundwater levels in downstream areas. The local community raised concerns in relation to the rising groundwater levels via the established grievance mechanism with Nui Phao Mine Company (NPMC). In order to understand the basis for the changes in groundwater levels and proposed mitigations NPMC undertook a comprehensive multi-phase study of the groundwater flows downstream of the TSF impoundments between 2015 and 2017. The studies included geological mapping, drilling and geophysical investigations. Once initial geological mapping was completed a line of 16 monitoring bores were installed along the property boundary with to the local community. In the dry season, only two of these bores intercepted water, and all the others remained dry. Additional geophysics and ground penetrating radar work studies undertaken failed to delineate significant water bearing structures within the boundary area. A long-term monitoring and control system has now been established to monitor both the changes in groundwater levels as well as the chemical quality of groundwater in the area. The comprehensive monitoring system will be kept in operation and maintained through operations and into the mine closure period. Analysis of the data collected prior to and during the operation of the TSF has allowed the development of a model to predict groundwater and contaminant transport flows using a finite difference code. Application of the model allowed for mitigation approaches to be considered and after reviewing a dewatering channel was proposed and constructed in the boundary area down to an elevation of 52 mRL. The drainage channel installation has successfully lowered the groundwater and surface water for the community adjacent to the property boundary. The success demonstrates the effectiveness of NPMC’s grievance mechanism as well as demonstrating NPMC’s willingness to work with and resolve concerns in consultation with local","PeriodicalId":103799,"journal":{"name":"Waste Management and the Environment IX","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122554555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plastic teacups and thermocol play a major role in environmental pollution, hence proper recycling or disposal of these materials becomes most important. The Department of Anatomy has invented a new method of recycling these plastic teacups and thermocol, for the first time in the world, which can be used for the preservation of organs, especially of endangered species, cadavers, in veterinary, medical and other biological sciences. The organs are being traditionally preserved in formalin solution. This method has many disadvantages as formalin is an irritant to eyes, nose and throat and is also carcinogenic. The present method has many advantages – first being the recycling of environmental pollutants such as plastic teacups and thermocol, thus reducing the environmental pollution; the second advantage is, by reusing them as preservative, the organs and cadavers can be preserved in dry condition for teaching, research and museum purposes; and the third advantage is, leftover solution can be used to prepare bricks and to fill potholes. The western world is also preserving the biological specimens by using epoxy-resins and silicon, which is a very costly process and not affordable in developing countries. In order to overcome this, the present economical method of preservation is very useful.
{"title":"THE USE OF WASTE PLASTICS FOR PLASTINATION OF ORGANIC MATERIALS AND IN CIVIL CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS","authors":"V. Ramkrishna, N. Leelavathy","doi":"10.2495/wm180181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/wm180181","url":null,"abstract":"Plastic teacups and thermocol play a major role in environmental pollution, hence proper recycling or disposal of these materials becomes most important. The Department of Anatomy has invented a new method of recycling these plastic teacups and thermocol, for the first time in the world, which can be used for the preservation of organs, especially of endangered species, cadavers, in veterinary, medical and other biological sciences. The organs are being traditionally preserved in formalin solution. This method has many disadvantages as formalin is an irritant to eyes, nose and throat and is also carcinogenic. The present method has many advantages – first being the recycling of environmental pollutants such as plastic teacups and thermocol, thus reducing the environmental pollution; the second advantage is, by reusing them as preservative, the organs and cadavers can be preserved in dry condition for teaching, research and museum purposes; and the third advantage is, leftover solution can be used to prepare bricks and to fill potholes. The western world is also preserving the biological specimens by using epoxy-resins and silicon, which is a very costly process and not affordable in developing countries. In order to overcome this, the present economical method of preservation is very useful.","PeriodicalId":103799,"journal":{"name":"Waste Management and the Environment IX","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126327763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Pusch, J. Kasbohm, T. Hoang-Minh, L. Nguyen-Thanh, L. Warr
An alternative but still untested approach is to dispose of highly radioactive waste in very deep boreholes, a concept being considered in the UK and the US. One version of this concept known as Ve ...
{"title":"DEEP DISPOSAL OF SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL","authors":"R. Pusch, J. Kasbohm, T. Hoang-Minh, L. Nguyen-Thanh, L. Warr","doi":"10.2495/WM180371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/WM180371","url":null,"abstract":"An alternative but still untested approach is to dispose of highly radioactive waste in very deep boreholes, a concept being considered in the UK and the US. One version of this concept known as Ve ...","PeriodicalId":103799,"journal":{"name":"Waste Management and the Environment IX","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128146740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Locally, the State of Kuwait is in need of good practices and national strategies that can take advantage of the accumulated solid waste, ridding the environment of various issues and stressors. In this work, compounded rolls of the various samples originating from plastic solid waste were used for the preparation of the test specimens. Samples were compounded to have the following percentages of virgin linear low density polyethylene and plastic film waste (wt./wt.%): 100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75 and 0/100. The samples were compounded using blown film extrusion with a die head temperature of 175°C. Films of the different formulations were exposed to accelerated weathering in accordance with test method ASTM D 4329. Samples were mounted on the racks facing the ultra violet lamps with no empty spaces in the panels. This is in order to maintain a uniform repeatable test condition in accordance with cycle A procedure. The chemical printing of the evolved chemicals was achieved using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and the spectra were recorded with a resolution of 4 cm-1 using Diamond Universal ATR attachment. Four interferogram scans were averaged to give the spectra from 500 to 5000 cm-1 using the Attenuated Total Reflection technique. A noted reduction in the carbonyl index determined from the FTIR spectra of the 75/25 samples supports the claim of the relative stability of the blend. This can lead to the development of a product from waste plastic material that reduced the burden of accumulation in developing and developed societies alike. In addition, the thermal properties determined along with the degradation kinetics parameters estimation revealed after the execution of this research project, have shown the stability of the blend for further development as a standalone product.
{"title":"THE FIRST CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION OF POLYOLEFIN (PO) WASTE BLENDS USING INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY","authors":"S. Al-Salem","doi":"10.2495/wm180381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/wm180381","url":null,"abstract":"Locally, the State of Kuwait is in need of good practices and national strategies that can take advantage of the accumulated solid waste, ridding the environment of various issues and stressors. In this work, compounded rolls of the various samples originating from plastic solid waste were used for the preparation of the test specimens. Samples were compounded to have the following percentages of virgin linear low density polyethylene and plastic film waste (wt./wt.%): 100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75 and 0/100. The samples were compounded using blown film extrusion with a die head temperature of 175°C. Films of the different formulations were exposed to accelerated weathering in accordance with test method ASTM D 4329. Samples were mounted on the racks facing the ultra violet lamps with no empty spaces in the panels. This is in order to maintain a uniform repeatable test condition in accordance with cycle A procedure. The chemical printing of the evolved chemicals was achieved using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and the spectra were recorded with a resolution of 4 cm-1 using Diamond Universal ATR attachment. Four interferogram scans were averaged to give the spectra from 500 to 5000 cm-1 using the Attenuated Total Reflection technique. A noted reduction in the carbonyl index determined from the FTIR spectra of the 75/25 samples supports the claim of the relative stability of the blend. This can lead to the development of a product from waste plastic material that reduced the burden of accumulation in developing and developed societies alike. In addition, the thermal properties determined along with the degradation kinetics parameters estimation revealed after the execution of this research project, have shown the stability of the blend for further development as a standalone product.","PeriodicalId":103799,"journal":{"name":"Waste Management and the Environment IX","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131094486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article shows the feasibility and possibility of developing a universal industrial method for producing hydrogen fluoride from fluorine-containing wastes and by-products of modern industries (depleted uranium hexafluoride, hydrofluorosilicic acid, ammonium bifluoride, carbon tetrafluoride, and other perfluorocarbons and hydrofluorocarbons, sulfur hexafluoride, nitrogen trifluoride, mixtures containing sodium hexafluoroaluminate, etc.) as alternatives to the conventional industrial method of natural calcium difluoride decomposition with sulfuric acid. As the main process method, we suggest fluoride reduction in a flame of hydrogen-containing fuel and oxygen-containing oxidant, due to the unique thermodynamic stability of hydrogen fluoride. The paper presents the results of thermodynamic calculation and experiments on the proposed method for various fluorides – uranium hexafluoride, carbon tetrafluoride, silicon tetrafluoride, ammonium bifluoride, etc. As a fuel, we consider methane, hydrogen and ammonia as an oxidizing agent, oxygen and air. For the case where water is present in the combustion products, we discuss various dehydrogenation options of hydrofluoric acid. We have demonstrated that the industrial cost hydrogen fluoride produced from the above-listed fluorides is approximately twofold lower than the same parameters for the conventional method of fluorite decomposition using sulfuric acid.
{"title":"PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN FLUORIDE BY PROCESSING FLUORINE-CONTAINING WASTES AND BY-PRODUCTS OF MODERN INDUSTRIES","authors":"D. S. Pashkevich, A. V. Mamaev","doi":"10.2495/WM180111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/WM180111","url":null,"abstract":"This article shows the feasibility and possibility of developing a universal industrial method for producing hydrogen fluoride from fluorine-containing wastes and by-products of modern industries (depleted uranium hexafluoride, hydrofluorosilicic acid, ammonium bifluoride, carbon tetrafluoride, and other perfluorocarbons and hydrofluorocarbons, sulfur hexafluoride, nitrogen trifluoride, mixtures containing sodium hexafluoroaluminate, etc.) as alternatives to the conventional industrial method of natural calcium difluoride decomposition with sulfuric acid. As the main process method, we suggest fluoride reduction in a flame of hydrogen-containing fuel and oxygen-containing oxidant, due to the unique thermodynamic stability of hydrogen fluoride. The paper presents the results of thermodynamic calculation and experiments on the proposed method for various fluorides – uranium hexafluoride, carbon tetrafluoride, silicon tetrafluoride, ammonium bifluoride, etc. As a fuel, we consider methane, hydrogen and ammonia as an oxidizing agent, oxygen and air. For the case where water is present in the combustion products, we discuss various dehydrogenation options of hydrofluoric acid. We have demonstrated that the industrial cost hydrogen fluoride produced from the above-listed fluorides is approximately twofold lower than the same parameters for the conventional method of fluorite decomposition using sulfuric acid.","PeriodicalId":103799,"journal":{"name":"Waste Management and the Environment IX","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115041302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The apparel supply chain’s contribution toward pollution, natural resource depletion and excessive waste is cause for much concern. Sustainable strategies should form part of the entire apparel life cycle, but also more specifically the disposal stage, during which consumers should be encouraged to adopt waste reduction behaviours such as donating, recycling and/or reselling unwanted apparel. To date, this topic has received limited attention in developing countries such as South Africa, where disadvantaged communities are most adversely affected by environmental deterioration and overflowing landfills. This study thus aimed to explore and describe female consumers’ intent to dispose of apparel in a more sustainable manner within the local South African context. The non-probable sampling procedure purposively focused on females, because they tend to make the primary decisions regarding households’ unwanted apparel. A structured, self-administered web-based questionnaire was developed. Scale items were derived from prior empirical research, yet adapted and pre-tested to comply with local conditions. Responses were measured on a five point Likert type scale. The eventual sample consisted of 315 females between the ages of 18 and 65 years, who resided in the geographical scope of Gauteng, South Africa. Most respondents had some form of tertiary education (65%) and belonged to middle-income levels (54%). Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to reveal three factors, namely respondents’ intent to donate (M = 4.36), resell (M = 3.84) and reuse/recycle apparel (M = 4.05). The findings provide insight pertaining to respondents’ willingness to donate, perhaps more so than their inclination to resell or reuse unwanted apparel, due to various contextual circumstances. This may offer a basis for the development of waste reduction campaigns and intervention strategies in the apparel domain and direct future investigation in other emerging markets to establish consumers’ willingness to engage in sustainable apparel disposal behaviour.
{"title":"FEMALE CONSUMERS’ APPAREL DISPOSAL BEHAVIOUR IN THE SOUTH AFRICAN EMERGING MARKET CONTEXT","authors":"N. Sonnenberg, J. M. M. MARX-PIENAAR, M. Stols","doi":"10.2495/WM180261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/WM180261","url":null,"abstract":"The apparel supply chain’s contribution toward pollution, natural resource depletion and excessive waste is cause for much concern. Sustainable strategies should form part of the entire apparel life cycle, but also more specifically the disposal stage, during which consumers should be encouraged to adopt waste reduction behaviours such as donating, recycling and/or reselling unwanted apparel. To date, this topic has received limited attention in developing countries such as South Africa, where disadvantaged communities are most adversely affected by environmental deterioration and overflowing landfills. This study thus aimed to explore and describe female consumers’ intent to dispose of apparel in a more sustainable manner within the local South African context. The non-probable sampling procedure purposively focused on females, because they tend to make the primary decisions regarding households’ unwanted apparel. A structured, self-administered web-based questionnaire was developed. Scale items were derived from prior empirical research, yet adapted and pre-tested to comply with local conditions. Responses were measured on a five point Likert type scale. The eventual sample consisted of 315 females between the ages of 18 and 65 years, who resided in the geographical scope of Gauteng, South Africa. Most respondents had some form of tertiary education (65%) and belonged to middle-income levels (54%). Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to reveal three factors, namely respondents’ intent to donate (M = 4.36), resell (M = 3.84) and reuse/recycle apparel (M = 4.05). The findings provide insight pertaining to respondents’ willingness to donate, perhaps more so than their inclination to resell or reuse unwanted apparel, due to various contextual circumstances. This may offer a basis for the development of waste reduction campaigns and intervention strategies in the apparel domain and direct future investigation in other emerging markets to establish consumers’ willingness to engage in sustainable apparel disposal behaviour.","PeriodicalId":103799,"journal":{"name":"Waste Management and the Environment IX","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123159571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Miia Liikanen, J. Havukainen, K. Grönman, M. Horttanainen
The construction and demolition (C&D) waste industry is a major generator of waste. In the European Union (EU), C&D waste accounts for 25–30% of total waste generation. In Finland, the C&D industry accounted for 14% of all waste generated in the country in 2015. The main components of C&D waste are minerals (e.g. concrete, bricks and ceramics), wood and metals, which offer high potential for material recovery. As a result, the EU has set an ambitious material recovery target for its member states: by 2020, 70% of generated non-hazardous C&D waste shall be reused, recycled or recovered as material in another manner. In 2014, the material recovery rate of C&D waste in Finland was 58%. Further action is therefore needed in order to reach this target. This calls for more accurate monitoring of C&D waste streams and knowledge of the composition of mixed C&D waste. In this study, a closer look is taken at C&D waste streams in the South Karelia region of Finland. The objectives are to quantify regional C&D waste streams, to estimate the composition of C&D waste based on the reported waste streams and to assess the composition of mixed C&D waste based on manually sorted C&D waste samples from the South Karelia region. By achieving these objectives, the regional material recovery potential of C&D waste can be estimated. In 2016, the South Karelia region reported the generation of approximately 165,000 tonnes of C&D waste. This reflects approximately 14% of the total waste generated in the region. The C&D waste generated consisted of mineral waste (34%), metals (32%) and soil (23%). Additionally, the share of mixed C&D waste (6%) as well as wood, glass and plastic (4% combined) was notable. The manually analysed mixed C&D waste samples indicate significant material recovery potential as minerals, wood and plastic made up approximately 70% of the samples.
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