: Zoonoses including vector-borne diseases have been increasing because of environmental and social changes such as ecosystem destruction and degradation, urbanization, and climate change, followed by globalization, which plays a key role in the rapid spread of infectious disease pathogens. To develop science-based countermeasures, we need to review carefully the history of and gaps in wildlife management, which might cause zoonotic problems. Cross-disciplinary discussions and cooperation that are based on the One Health approach are crucial to overcome these burdens.
{"title":"Japanese zoonoses and related wildlife research at the cutting edge","authors":"K. Okabe, Y. Watari, H. Iijima, Takuya Furukawa","doi":"10.7601/MEZ.71.157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7601/MEZ.71.157","url":null,"abstract":": Zoonoses including vector-borne diseases have been increasing because of environmental and social changes such as ecosystem destruction and degradation, urbanization, and climate change, followed by globalization, which plays a key role in the rapid spread of infectious disease pathogens. To develop science-based countermeasures, we need to review carefully the history of and gaps in wildlife management, which might cause zoonotic problems. Cross-disciplinary discussions and cooperation that are based on the One Health approach are crucial to overcome these burdens.","PeriodicalId":104111,"journal":{"name":"Medical Entomology and Zoology","volume":"400 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115908915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: An overview of infectious diseases derived from agents from and/or to wildlife, livestock, pet animals in Japan was given, and effective countermeasures in future were presented a standpoint of both zoo and wildlife medicine and medical zoology.
{"title":"Infectious diseases with special reference to the zoo and wildlife medicine-oriented to effective countermeasures including from a standpoint of medical zoology","authors":"M. Asakawa","doi":"10.7601/MEZ.71.171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7601/MEZ.71.171","url":null,"abstract":": An overview of infectious diseases derived from agents from and/or to wildlife, livestock, pet animals in Japan was given, and effective countermeasures in future were presented a standpoint of both zoo and wildlife medicine and medical zoology.","PeriodicalId":104111,"journal":{"name":"Medical Entomology and Zoology","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132328542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daisuke Kobayashi, Katsunori Murota, Astri Nur Faizah, Michael Amoa-Bosompem, Y. Higa, Toshihiko Hayashi, Y. Tsuda, K. Sawabe, H. Isawa
e development of sequencing technologies, in recent years, gives novel insights into the diversity of viruses in arthropods. Human pathogenic or possible pathogenic arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) including novel viruses from mosquitoes and ticks have been found by RNA virome analysis using a high-throughput sequencer. However, virome studies for other blood-sucking arthropods like biting midges as well as black ies are relatively scarce. In this study, to nd viruses in hematophagous Chironomoidea ies, we performed RNA virome analyses of eld-caught female Culicoides arakawae and Simulium aureohirtum as a pilot study. In the analyses, six novel viruses belonging to ve virus taxa were detected, showing that RNA virome analysis using the nextgeneration sequencer was a strong method for understanding the viruses in both biting midges and black ies. is study indicated that C. arakawae and S. aureohirtum, which are not a popular vector for human pathogenic viruses, have a variety of viruses which are as many as other important vectors including mosquitoes and ticks. Furthermore, RNA virome analysis of a variety of blood-sucking insects will aid in not only discovering novel arboviruses but also understanding novel importance for arboviral vectors.
{"title":"RNA virome analysis of hematophagous Chironomoidea flies (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae and Simuliidae) collected in Tokyo, Japan","authors":"Daisuke Kobayashi, Katsunori Murota, Astri Nur Faizah, Michael Amoa-Bosompem, Y. Higa, Toshihiko Hayashi, Y. Tsuda, K. Sawabe, H. Isawa","doi":"10.7601/MEZ.71.225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7601/MEZ.71.225","url":null,"abstract":"e development of sequencing technologies, in recent years, gives novel insights into the diversity of viruses in arthropods. Human pathogenic or possible pathogenic arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) including novel viruses from mosquitoes and ticks have been found by RNA virome analysis using a high-throughput sequencer. However, virome studies for other blood-sucking arthropods like biting midges as well as black ies are relatively scarce. In this study, to nd viruses in hematophagous Chironomoidea ies, we performed RNA virome analyses of eld-caught female Culicoides arakawae and Simulium aureohirtum as a pilot study. In the analyses, six novel viruses belonging to ve virus taxa were detected, showing that RNA virome analysis using the nextgeneration sequencer was a strong method for understanding the viruses in both biting midges and black ies. is study indicated that C. arakawae and S. aureohirtum, which are not a popular vector for human pathogenic viruses, have a variety of viruses which are as many as other important vectors including mosquitoes and ticks. Furthermore, RNA virome analysis of a variety of blood-sucking insects will aid in not only discovering novel arboviruses but also understanding novel importance for arboviral vectors.","PeriodicalId":104111,"journal":{"name":"Medical Entomology and Zoology","volume":"30 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133031230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pathogenic microorganisms and virus are components of ecosystems, constructing endemic interrelationships with each specific host species thorough the co-evolutional history The spill-over of the pathogens from natural habitats into other area will cause encounters between the pathogen and new hosts which have never evolved the immunity or resistance, and will result in rapid spread of "emerging infectious disease (EID)" In the midst of accelerating globalization, human and societies have come to be the targets of the infectious disease caused by pathogens spilled over from the nature At this very moment, the newest EID, SARS-CoV-2, has spread over the world causing serious damages on the human health and economy During the social interest is growing for the pandemic risks of EID, it has been discussed that the destruction of biodiversity and environmental change by human over exploitation from nature is deeply related the EID pandemic In order to control further EID risks after SARS-CoV-2, we human should change our ever social and economic system to be more sustainable considering the significance of localities
{"title":"Ecological approach for zoonosis-consideration of infectious disease risk from the view point of biological diversity","authors":"K. Goka","doi":"10.7601/MEZ.71.161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7601/MEZ.71.161","url":null,"abstract":"Pathogenic microorganisms and virus are components of ecosystems, constructing endemic interrelationships with each specific host species thorough the co-evolutional history The spill-over of the pathogens from natural habitats into other area will cause encounters between the pathogen and new hosts which have never evolved the immunity or resistance, and will result in rapid spread of \"emerging infectious disease (EID)\" In the midst of accelerating globalization, human and societies have come to be the targets of the infectious disease caused by pathogens spilled over from the nature At this very moment, the newest EID, SARS-CoV-2, has spread over the world causing serious damages on the human health and economy During the social interest is growing for the pandemic risks of EID, it has been discussed that the destruction of biodiversity and environmental change by human over exploitation from nature is deeply related the EID pandemic In order to control further EID risks after SARS-CoV-2, we human should change our ever social and economic system to be more sustainable considering the significance of localities","PeriodicalId":104111,"journal":{"name":"Medical Entomology and Zoology","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114326620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ree new species of black ies of the genus Simulium Latreille are described from Nepal: Simulium purandharaense sp. nov. in the S. batoense species-group in the subgenus Gomphostilbia Enderlein, S. nivritiae sp. nov. in the S. feuerborni species-group in the subgenus Nevermannia Enderlein, and S. phidimense sp. nov. in the S. malyschevi species-group in the subgenus Simulium Latreille s. str. e female, male and pupa of S. praelargum Datta in the S. feuerborni species-group are redescribed.
{"title":"Three new black fly species of the genus Simulium (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Nepal","authors":"H. Takaoka, S. Shrestha, N. Dangi","doi":"10.7601/MEZ.71.201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7601/MEZ.71.201","url":null,"abstract":"ree new species of black ies of the genus Simulium Latreille are described from Nepal: Simulium purandharaense sp. nov. in the S. batoense species-group in the subgenus Gomphostilbia Enderlein, S. nivritiae sp. nov. in the S. feuerborni species-group in the subgenus Nevermannia Enderlein, and S. phidimense sp. nov. in the S. malyschevi species-group in the subgenus Simulium Latreille s. str. e female, male and pupa of S. praelargum Datta in the S. feuerborni species-group are redescribed.","PeriodicalId":104111,"journal":{"name":"Medical Entomology and Zoology","volume":"901 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116393934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Tanikawa, Toru Watanabe, M. Motoki, I. Shimizu, S. Kasai
To prepare for an epidemic of mosquito-borne diseases including dengue, chikungunya and Zika, we demonstrated a training of insecticide spray to eliminate Aedes albopictus at Shinjuku Gyoen National Garden. ree insecticide-spraying methods were used and treatment e cacy of each method was evaluated; 302.5 m2/min (carbon dioxide formulation), 69.4 m2/min (ultra low volume, ULV), and 71.2 m2/min (power spray). It was shown that it is important to select the most appropriate insecticide application method and formulation depending on the size of the eld, available number of workers, and the weather conditions.
{"title":"Insecticide spray training at Shinjuku Gyoen National Garden in preparation for autochthonous dengue fever","authors":"T. Tanikawa, Toru Watanabe, M. Motoki, I. Shimizu, S. Kasai","doi":"10.7601/mez.71.79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7601/mez.71.79","url":null,"abstract":"To prepare for an epidemic of mosquito-borne diseases including dengue, chikungunya and Zika, we demonstrated a training of insecticide spray to eliminate Aedes albopictus at Shinjuku Gyoen National Garden. ree insecticide-spraying methods were used and treatment e cacy of each method was evaluated; 302.5 m2/min (carbon dioxide formulation), 69.4 m2/min (ultra low volume, ULV), and 71.2 m2/min (power spray). It was shown that it is important to select the most appropriate insecticide application method and formulation depending on the size of the eld, available number of workers, and the weather conditions.","PeriodicalId":104111,"journal":{"name":"Medical Entomology and Zoology","volume":"2012 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125651547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Higa, Y. Maekawa, Keiko Minagawa, A. Muto, H. Sasaki, S. Kasai
Mosquito density was investigated at Shinjuku Gyoen National Garden as part of an emergency drill for controlling the mosquito vector of dengue fever in preparation for the 2020 Olympic and Paralympic games in Tokyo. e average mosquito density at 57 collection sites was 6.9 individuals/site. Aedes albopictus was predominant and accounted for 76.6% of the total number of mosquitoes collected. In insecticide-treated sites, 18 sites were selectively investigated for mosquito density, and 74 mosquitoes were collected before insecticide treatment. A er insecticide treatment, no mosquitoes were found at any collection site. Basic data, such as mosquito species, distribution, and density, collected by monitoring mosquitoes from 2015 to 2019 at the garden were very useful in designing this investigation.
{"title":"Investigation of mosquito density","authors":"Y. Higa, Y. Maekawa, Keiko Minagawa, A. Muto, H. Sasaki, S. Kasai","doi":"10.7601/mez.71.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7601/mez.71.73","url":null,"abstract":"Mosquito density was investigated at Shinjuku Gyoen National Garden as part of an emergency drill for controlling the mosquito vector of dengue fever in preparation for the 2020 Olympic and Paralympic games in Tokyo. e average mosquito density at 57 collection sites was 6.9 individuals/site. Aedes albopictus was predominant and accounted for 76.6% of the total number of mosquitoes collected. In insecticide-treated sites, 18 sites were selectively investigated for mosquito density, and 74 mosquitoes were collected before insecticide treatment. A er insecticide treatment, no mosquitoes were found at any collection site. Basic data, such as mosquito species, distribution, and density, collected by monitoring mosquitoes from 2015 to 2019 at the garden were very useful in designing this investigation.","PeriodicalId":104111,"journal":{"name":"Medical Entomology and Zoology","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134045224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: In 2014, an outbreak of dengue fever occurred in the Tokyo metropolis for the first time in approximately 70 years. Since then, more than 200 imported dengue cases have been reported each year, in parallel with an upsurge in the number of overseas visitors into Japan. Therefore, the risk of an outbreak of dengue fever remains unchanged. On September 2, 2019, a drill for an Aedes -borne virus outbreak was conducted in the Shinjuku Gyoen National Garden. In the drill, mosquitoes were collected in the Garden and examined for the presence of Aedes -borne viruses. However, no viruses including dengue virus were detected in the mosquitoes. This review presents the results of the virus detection drill and discusses the possibility of establishment of persistent DENV transmission cycles in Japan from the aspect of the viral ecology.
{"title":"Detection of Aedes-borne viruses from field-caught mosquitoes and consideration for establishment of persistent DENV transmission cycles in Japan","authors":"Daisuke Kobayashi, Toshinori Sasaki, H. Isawa","doi":"10.7601/mez.71.85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7601/mez.71.85","url":null,"abstract":": In 2014, an outbreak of dengue fever occurred in the Tokyo metropolis for the first time in approximately 70 years. Since then, more than 200 imported dengue cases have been reported each year, in parallel with an upsurge in the number of overseas visitors into Japan. Therefore, the risk of an outbreak of dengue fever remains unchanged. On September 2, 2019, a drill for an Aedes -borne virus outbreak was conducted in the Shinjuku Gyoen National Garden. In the drill, mosquitoes were collected in the Garden and examined for the presence of Aedes -borne viruses. However, no viruses including dengue virus were detected in the mosquitoes. This review presents the results of the virus detection drill and discusses the possibility of establishment of persistent DENV transmission cycles in Japan from the aspect of the viral ecology.","PeriodicalId":104111,"journal":{"name":"Medical Entomology and Zoology","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123694765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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