: Ticks are obligate hematophagous ectoparasites that transmit a wide variety of pathogens to humans and animals. The incidence of tick-borne diseases has increased worldwide in both humans and domestic animals over the past years. In recent years, studies have shown that targeting tick proteins by vaccination can not only reduce blood feeding and reproduction of tick, but also the infection and transmission of pathogens from the tick to the vertebrate host. In this article, I review physiological features of tick blood feeding and the tick-protective antigens that have been identified for the formulation of anti-tick vaccines.
{"title":"Physiological features of blood feeding and anti-tick vaccine on tick","authors":"Tetsuya Tanaka","doi":"10.7601/mez.71.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7601/mez.71.57","url":null,"abstract":": Ticks are obligate hematophagous ectoparasites that transmit a wide variety of pathogens to humans and animals. The incidence of tick-borne diseases has increased worldwide in both humans and domestic animals over the past years. In recent years, studies have shown that targeting tick proteins by vaccination can not only reduce blood feeding and reproduction of tick, but also the infection and transmission of pathogens from the tick to the vertebrate host. In this article, I review physiological features of tick blood feeding and the tick-protective antigens that have been identified for the formulation of anti-tick vaccines.","PeriodicalId":104111,"journal":{"name":"Medical Entomology and Zoology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129847555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Yabe, Tadao Otomo, T. Harashima, Hiroshi Shigeoka, A. Yamakawa, Kenjiro Yamaguchi
: We detected a zoonotic parasite, the rat lungworm Angiostrongylus spp. in Norway rats Rattus norvegicus that were collected in February each year from 2015 to 2020 outside buildings in a 21-hectare business district in Yokohama. The infection rate of the parasite in rats that were two months old or older jumped from 4.9% in 2015 to 28.6% in 2017 when flowerpots were set along the roadside, but it decreased to nearly 7% in 2018 and 2019 and to 0% in 2020 when those flowerpots were removed. It is likely that the rate increased because the flowerpots supplied intermediate hosts of the lungworm, i.e. , slugs and snails with habitats.
{"title":"Roadside flowerpots probably accelerated the spread of rat lungworm Angiostrongylus spp. in Norway rats","authors":"T. Yabe, Tadao Otomo, T. Harashima, Hiroshi Shigeoka, A. Yamakawa, Kenjiro Yamaguchi","doi":"10.7601/mez.71.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7601/mez.71.105","url":null,"abstract":": We detected a zoonotic parasite, the rat lungworm Angiostrongylus spp. in Norway rats Rattus norvegicus that were collected in February each year from 2015 to 2020 outside buildings in a 21-hectare business district in Yokohama. The infection rate of the parasite in rats that were two months old or older jumped from 4.9% in 2015 to 28.6% in 2017 when flowerpots were set along the roadside, but it decreased to nearly 7% in 2018 and 2019 and to 0% in 2020 when those flowerpots were removed. It is likely that the rate increased because the flowerpots supplied intermediate hosts of the lungworm, i.e. , slugs and snails with habitats.","PeriodicalId":104111,"journal":{"name":"Medical Entomology and Zoology","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133821354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A new species of black y, Simulium dadagaunense, is described based on a female reared from a pupa from Nepal. is species is assigned to the Simulium (Simulium) striatum species-group, and is characterized in the female by the relatively narrow frons, weakly developed fronto-ocular area, and cibarium with four tiny processes. In addition, S. grisescens Brunetti originally described from India is newly recorded from Nepal.
{"title":"A new species and a newly recorded species of the Simulium (Simulium) striatum species-group (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Nepal","authors":"H. Takaoka, S. Shrestha, N. Dangi","doi":"10.7601/mez.71.91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7601/mez.71.91","url":null,"abstract":"A new species of black y, Simulium dadagaunense, is described based on a female reared from a pupa from Nepal. is species is assigned to the Simulium (Simulium) striatum species-group, and is characterized in the female by the relatively narrow frons, weakly developed fronto-ocular area, and cibarium with four tiny processes. In addition, S. grisescens Brunetti originally described from India is newly recorded from Nepal.","PeriodicalId":104111,"journal":{"name":"Medical Entomology and Zoology","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128695382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We have faced a number of outbreaks of arthropod-borne infectious diseases in Japan and aimed to address each case appropriately. Here, I introduce two arthropod-borne infectious diseases caused by flies and mosquitoes, respectively. In 2004, the highly pathogenic avian influenza occurred in Kyoto. The H5N1 influenza A virus was isolated from the blow fly, Calliphora nigribarbis, collected around a poultry farm. Exposure experiments showed that the H5N1 virus survived in C. nigribarbis for at least 24 h. C. nigribarbis was suggested to possibly transport the H5N1 virus over a distance of 2 km, which they can access within 24 h. While in 2014, 162 autochthonous dengue cases were reported. Dengue virus was isolated from Aedes albopictus collected in the suspected locations of dengue virus infection in Tokyo. Phylogenetic analysis and virus infection experiments revealed that Ae. albopictus was a major dengue vector in Tokyo in 2014. In both cases, we first collected vector arthropods at each outbreak location to understand their biological characteristics and ecological dynamics. We then detected pathogens from the collected arthropods and conducted infection experiments in the laboratory. We can understand that obtaining data from both the field and the laboratory is necessary to confront arthropod-borne infectious diseases.
{"title":"A series of the studies on countermeasure for arthropod-borne infectious diseases in Japan —Focus on highly pathogenic avian influenza and dengue outbreaks in Japan—","authors":"K. Sawabe","doi":"10.7601/mez.71.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7601/mez.71.1","url":null,"abstract":"We have faced a number of outbreaks of arthropod-borne infectious diseases in Japan and aimed to address each case appropriately. Here, I introduce two arthropod-borne infectious diseases caused by flies and mosquitoes, respectively. In 2004, the highly pathogenic avian influenza occurred in Kyoto. The H5N1 influenza A virus was isolated from the blow fly, Calliphora nigribarbis, collected around a poultry farm. Exposure experiments showed that the H5N1 virus survived in C. nigribarbis for at least 24 h. C. nigribarbis was suggested to possibly transport the H5N1 virus over a distance of 2 km, which they can access within 24 h. While in 2014, 162 autochthonous dengue cases were reported. Dengue virus was isolated from Aedes albopictus collected in the suspected locations of dengue virus infection in Tokyo. Phylogenetic analysis and virus infection experiments revealed that Ae. albopictus was a major dengue vector in Tokyo in 2014. In both cases, we first collected vector arthropods at each outbreak location to understand their biological characteristics and ecological dynamics. We then detected pathogens from the collected arthropods and conducted infection experiments in the laboratory. We can understand that obtaining data from both the field and the laboratory is necessary to confront arthropod-borne infectious diseases.","PeriodicalId":104111,"journal":{"name":"Medical Entomology and Zoology","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116329056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Three new species of black flies, Simulium beniense, S. salyanense, and S. chainpurense, are described based on samples from Nepal. All these species are assigned to the Simulium (Simulium) striatum species-group. In addition, two species, S. pallidum Puri and S. sp. nr. striatum Brunetti, are newly recorded from Nepal.
本文报道了尼泊尔黑蝇、salyanense和链purense 3个新种。所有这些物种都被归为模拟纹状体种属。此外，尼泊尔还新记录了2个种，分别是S. pallidum Puri和S. sp. nr. striatum Brunetti。
{"title":"Three new species and two newly recorded species of the Simulium (Simulium) striatum species-group (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Nepal","authors":"H. Takaoka, S. Shrestha, N. Dangi","doi":"10.7601/mez.71.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7601/mez.71.39","url":null,"abstract":"Three new species of black flies, Simulium beniense, S. salyanense, and S. chainpurense, are described based on samples from Nepal. All these species are assigned to the Simulium (Simulium) striatum species-group. In addition, two species, S. pallidum Puri and S. sp. nr. striatum Brunetti, are newly recorded from Nepal.","PeriodicalId":104111,"journal":{"name":"Medical Entomology and Zoology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131115485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study of ticks and tick-borne infectious diseases require the use of animal hosts. To reduce laborious animal experiments, an artificial feeding system is essential. This review looks at the different artificial systems established so far.
{"title":"A brief history of the development of the tick-artificial feeding system","authors":"T. Hatta","doi":"10.7601/mez.71.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7601/mez.71.15","url":null,"abstract":"The study of ticks and tick-borne infectious diseases require the use of animal hosts. To reduce laborious animal experiments, an artificial feeding system is essential. This review looks at the different artificial systems established so far.","PeriodicalId":104111,"journal":{"name":"Medical Entomology and Zoology","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125312801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Terayama, Y. Tomioka, Yoshikazu Kanbe, G. Kimura, T. Tanikawa
: The ant Hypoponera ragusai (Emery) belonging to the subfamily Ponerinae is one of the most widespread tramp species. This species has been recorded many oceanic and continental islands as well as all zoogeographical regions. Here, we report for the first time its presence in Japan’s mainland, from Hokkaido to Kyushu. Many alate female ants were observed indoors and ant colonies were found in the soil under the ground floors of buildings. H. ragusai could potentially become a significant household pest; stinging humans, causing a nuisance, and contaminating materials.
{"title":"A new household pest ant, Hypoponera ragusai, occurring widely in Japan","authors":"M. Terayama, Y. Tomioka, Yoshikazu Kanbe, G. Kimura, T. Tanikawa","doi":"10.7601/mez.71.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7601/mez.71.51","url":null,"abstract":": The ant Hypoponera ragusai (Emery) belonging to the subfamily Ponerinae is one of the most widespread tramp species. This species has been recorded many oceanic and continental islands as well as all zoogeographical regions. Here, we report for the first time its presence in Japan’s mainland, from Hokkaido to Kyushu. Many alate female ants were observed indoors and ant colonies were found in the soil under the ground floors of buildings. H. ragusai could potentially become a significant household pest; stinging humans, causing a nuisance, and contaminating materials.","PeriodicalId":104111,"journal":{"name":"Medical Entomology and Zoology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129768085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Aedes albopictus has originated in Asia and expanded its range worldwide in the last 30 years. In Japan, this species occurs from the Ryukyu islands to Tohoku district, whereas its sibling species Ae. flavopictus is distributed throughout Japan including Hokkaido. On the other hand, the former mainly inhabits residential area, while the latter does natural environments such as bamboo groves and forests. To understand how they differ in habitat use, their performance was compared under various temperature regimes, i.e. , constant temperatures of 22, 25 and 28°C and a fluctuating temperature regime of 20 ‒ 30°C (mean: 25°C). Mortality from the first instar stage to adult emergence was significantly higher in Ae. flavopictus than in Ae. albopictus at constant temperatures of 25 and 28°C. Development time was significantly longer in Ae. flavopictus than in Ae. albopictus at 28°C. The proportion of females that did not oviposit was significantly higher in Ae. flavopictus at a constant temperatures of 28°C and a fluctuating temperature regime. Thus, Ae. albopictus is at least more adapted to higher or fluctuating temperatures than Ae. flavopictus . Such difference in their temperature adaptation may be one of factors that cause their different geographic distribution and habitat use.
{"title":"A study comparing the growth rates of two related species, Aedes albopictus and Aedes flavopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) at different temperature regimes","authors":"M. Alam, N. Tuno","doi":"10.7601/mez.71.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7601/mez.71.25","url":null,"abstract":": Aedes albopictus has originated in Asia and expanded its range worldwide in the last 30 years. In Japan, this species occurs from the Ryukyu islands to Tohoku district, whereas its sibling species Ae. flavopictus is distributed throughout Japan including Hokkaido. On the other hand, the former mainly inhabits residential area, while the latter does natural environments such as bamboo groves and forests. To understand how they differ in habitat use, their performance was compared under various temperature regimes, i.e. , constant temperatures of 22, 25 and 28°C and a fluctuating temperature regime of 20 ‒ 30°C (mean: 25°C). Mortality from the first instar stage to adult emergence was significantly higher in Ae. flavopictus than in Ae. albopictus at constant temperatures of 25 and 28°C. Development time was significantly longer in Ae. flavopictus than in Ae. albopictus at 28°C. The proportion of females that did not oviposit was significantly higher in Ae. flavopictus at a constant temperatures of 28°C and a fluctuating temperature regime. Thus, Ae. albopictus is at least more adapted to higher or fluctuating temperatures than Ae. flavopictus . Such difference in their temperature adaptation may be one of factors that cause their different geographic distribution and habitat use.","PeriodicalId":104111,"journal":{"name":"Medical Entomology and Zoology","volume":"30 Suppl 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128712290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: The present report summarizes 519 cases of tick bites in Hyogo Prefecture over 5 years from 2014 through 2018. There were 222 male and 297 female cases, and ages ranged from 0 to 95 years old. The most common age group was the 70 to 79 age range ( n = 124). Tick bites were especially frequent in May, June, and July. The causative ticks in 431 tick bite cases were identified as Amblyomma testudinarium (AT), followed by 72 cases involving Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks, and 7 cases involving Haemaphysalis hystricis ticks. Among the 431 AT bites, 61 cases developed erythema larger than 50 mm in diameter at the bite site, and those patients were diagnosed with tick-associated rash illness (TARI). Although tick-borne diseases such as severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) and Japanese spotted fever (JSF) that are related to the above-mentioned tick species were reported in Hyogo Prefecture, there were no patients who presented with such diseases in the current report. Our findings suggest that SFTS or JSF infections that develop after tick bites are most likely accidental occurrences and that dermatologists in western Japan should pay attention to TARI as a differential diagnosis of Lyme disease in tick bite cases.
{"title":"Epidemiological survey of tick bites occurring in Hyogo Prefecture from 2014 through 2018","authors":"Y. Inoue, M. Natsuaki, K. Yamanishi","doi":"10.7601/mez.71.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7601/mez.71.31","url":null,"abstract":": The present report summarizes 519 cases of tick bites in Hyogo Prefecture over 5 years from 2014 through 2018. There were 222 male and 297 female cases, and ages ranged from 0 to 95 years old. The most common age group was the 70 to 79 age range ( n = 124). Tick bites were especially frequent in May, June, and July. The causative ticks in 431 tick bite cases were identified as Amblyomma testudinarium (AT), followed by 72 cases involving Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks, and 7 cases involving Haemaphysalis hystricis ticks. Among the 431 AT bites, 61 cases developed erythema larger than 50 mm in diameter at the bite site, and those patients were diagnosed with tick-associated rash illness (TARI). Although tick-borne diseases such as severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) and Japanese spotted fever (JSF) that are related to the above-mentioned tick species were reported in Hyogo Prefecture, there were no patients who presented with such diseases in the current report. Our findings suggest that SFTS or JSF infections that develop after tick bites are most likely accidental occurrences and that dermatologists in western Japan should pay attention to TARI as a differential diagnosis of Lyme disease in tick bite cases.","PeriodicalId":104111,"journal":{"name":"Medical Entomology and Zoology","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121792863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Japanese summaries of papers written in English in this issue","authors":"","doi":"10.7601/mez.71.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7601/mez.71.55","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":104111,"journal":{"name":"Medical Entomology and Zoology","volume":" 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141221155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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