This paper deals with the relationship between substance abuse and mental illness in Trinidad and Tobago, its implications and management strategies. Dealing with mental health issues is an uphill battle and an attempt will be made in this paper to address the major issues at hand.
{"title":"Substance Use and Abuse and Its Effects on Mental Disorders in Trinidad and Tobago - The Available Prevention and Management Strategies.","authors":"J. Jainarinesingh","doi":"10.7727/wimj.2013.229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7727/wimj.2013.229","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the relationship between substance abuse and mental illness in Trinidad and Tobago, its implications and management strategies. Dealing with mental health issues is an uphill battle and an attempt will be made in this paper to address the major issues at hand.","PeriodicalId":104133,"journal":{"name":"The West Indian medical journal","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132927810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lehmann Hu, L-J Zhang, Z. Jin, W. Yang, L-N Zhang, C-Y Lu
This study aimed to investigate the effect of chronic kidney dysfunction (CKD) on the clinical characteristics of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the degree of coronary arterial stenosis. The study enrolled 368 patients with ACS who underwent coronary angiography. Blood glucose, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), uric acid (UA), and serum creatinine were examined randomly, and the severity of coronary artery lesions was assessed using the Gensini score. Patients were divided into three groups according to estimated glomerular filtration rate: normal renal function (n = 102), mild renal insufficiency (n = 198), and moderate to severe renal dysfunction (n = 68). The characteristics of patients with coronary artery lesions in the three groups were analysed. Of all patients, 27.7% had normal renal function. In the moderate to severe renal dysfunction group, the majority of patients were women whose average age was older. The ratio of patients with history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus was higher, random blood glucose, HbA1c, TG, UA and Gensini score were obviously increased, while HDL-C was significantly decreased; all differences had statistical significance (p < 0.05). Different degrees of CKD occur in patients with ACS. In patients with ACS and CKD, metabolism of glucose and fat are significantly abnormal, and coronary arterial lesions are more serious.
{"title":"Analysis of the Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome in Different States of Renal Function.","authors":"Lehmann Hu, L-J Zhang, Z. Jin, W. Yang, L-N Zhang, C-Y Lu","doi":"10.7727/wimj.2014.392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7727/wimj.2014.392","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to investigate the effect of chronic kidney dysfunction (CKD) on the clinical characteristics of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the degree of coronary arterial stenosis. The study enrolled 368 patients with ACS who underwent coronary angiography. Blood glucose, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), uric acid (UA), and serum creatinine were examined randomly, and the severity of coronary artery lesions was assessed using the Gensini score. Patients were divided into three groups according to estimated glomerular filtration rate: normal renal function (n = 102), mild renal insufficiency (n = 198), and moderate to severe renal dysfunction (n = 68). The characteristics of patients with coronary artery lesions in the three groups were analysed. Of all patients, 27.7% had normal renal function. In the moderate to severe renal dysfunction group, the majority of patients were women whose average age was older. The ratio of patients with history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus was higher, random blood glucose, HbA1c, TG, UA and Gensini score were obviously increased, while HDL-C was significantly decreased; all differences had statistical significance (p < 0.05). Different degrees of CKD occur in patients with ACS. In patients with ACS and CKD, metabolism of glucose and fat are significantly abnormal, and coronary arterial lesions are more serious.","PeriodicalId":104133,"journal":{"name":"The West Indian medical journal","volume":"133 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122430995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective The study investigated the prevalence of non-communicable disease risk factors among University of the West Indies staff in Trinidad and Tobago and compared these results with the national population-based 2011 STEPS NCD risk factor survey for Trinidad and Tobago. Methods A self-administered questionnaire was conducted during April-May 2014, the target population being all staff members. Standardized measurements of cardiovascular fitness, weight, height and blood pressure were taken. Data was analyzed and results were compared to the national Trinidad and Tobago 2011 STEPS NCD survey. Results The participation rate was 24.9% (522/2100), 32.4% males (n=169) and 67.6% females (n=353). Among participants, 65.7% of males and 64.8% of females were either overweight or obese, 86.9% ate <5 fruits and vegetables/day. Low cardiovascular fitness was found in 36% males and 31.0% females; 13.1% of males and 2.8% of females were smokers while 39.1% and 7.6% were binge drinkers. One fifth of the participants had blood pressures >140/90, while 6.4% had blood pressures >160/100. The results were similar to the 2011 risk factor profile of Trinidad and Tobago, although the UWI staff smoked less but drank alcohol more frequently, but binge drinking rates were similar. UWI males were more obese and UWI women had higher blood pressure and higher cholesterol compared to the general Trinidad and Tobago population. Conclusion The results confirm a high prevalence of NCD risk factors among these staff as among the Trinidad and Tobago population. The study reveals opportunities to inform policy on strategies to positively impact the risk factors.
{"title":"Non-communicable Diseases Risk Factors Survey 2014 among University of the West Indies Staff, Trinidad and Tobago.","authors":"T. Samuels, T. Branche, S. Hariharan","doi":"10.7727/wimj.2015.051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7727/wimj.2015.051","url":null,"abstract":"Objective\u0000The study investigated the prevalence of non-communicable disease risk factors among University of the West Indies staff in Trinidad and Tobago and compared these results with the national population-based 2011 STEPS NCD risk factor survey for Trinidad and Tobago.\u0000\u0000\u0000Methods\u0000A self-administered questionnaire was conducted during April-May 2014, the target population being all staff members. Standardized measurements of cardiovascular fitness, weight, height and blood pressure were taken. Data was analyzed and results were compared to the national Trinidad and Tobago 2011 STEPS NCD survey.\u0000\u0000\u0000Results\u0000The participation rate was 24.9% (522/2100), 32.4% males (n=169) and 67.6% females (n=353). Among participants, 65.7% of males and 64.8% of females were either overweight or obese, 86.9% ate <5 fruits and vegetables/day. Low cardiovascular fitness was found in 36% males and 31.0% females; 13.1% of males and 2.8% of females were smokers while 39.1% and 7.6% were binge drinkers. One fifth of the participants had blood pressures >140/90, while 6.4% had blood pressures >160/100. The results were similar to the 2011 risk factor profile of Trinidad and Tobago, although the UWI staff smoked less but drank alcohol more frequently, but binge drinking rates were similar. UWI males were more obese and UWI women had higher blood pressure and higher cholesterol compared to the general Trinidad and Tobago population.\u0000\u0000\u0000Conclusion\u0000The results confirm a high prevalence of NCD risk factors among these staff as among the Trinidad and Tobago population. The study reveals opportunities to inform policy on strategies to positively impact the risk factors.","PeriodicalId":104133,"journal":{"name":"The West Indian medical journal","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128972350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Goudarzi, M. Fazeli, M. Azad, S. Seyedjavadi, R. Mousavi, M. Rashidan, E. Azargashb
Objective To investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates and their associations with the existence of integrons. Methods During a 12-month study, 140 clinically significant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were collected from patients hospitalized in the burn ward of different hospitals in Tehran. Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were identified using standard laboratory procedures. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed for 13 antimicrobial agents according to the standard Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. The frequency of Class 1, 2 and 3 integrons was detected using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Results The resistance rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates to 13 antimicrobial agents were between 34.7% and 90.8%. Ceftriaxone and imipenem had good activity against the isolates. Of 140 tested isolates, 91 (65%) were multidrug resistant. The most predominant resistance profile among the isolates included resistance to 10 (12.14%), 9 (12.14%) and 8 (12.14%) antibiotics. Class 1 and 2 integrons were detected in 57.2% (56/98) and 30.6% (30/98) of tested Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, respectively. Of 98 (70%) integron positive isolates, only 12 (12.2%) isolates were positive for both classes of integrons. Resistance of the isolates to cefotaxime, aztreonam, imipenem, tobramycin, ticarcillin, ciprofloxacin and cloxacillin was observed to be significantly associated with the existence of integrons. Conclusion These data confirmed high prevalence of Class 1 integrons among Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from burn patients in this study. Based on these results, integrons may play an important role in the possible transmission of resistance genes to the clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates.
{"title":"Carriage of Class 1 and Class 2 Integron in Multidrug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Burn Patients in Tehran Hospitals, Iran.","authors":"M. Goudarzi, M. Fazeli, M. Azad, S. Seyedjavadi, R. Mousavi, M. Rashidan, E. Azargashb","doi":"10.7727/wimj.2014.315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7727/wimj.2014.315","url":null,"abstract":"Objective\u0000To investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates and their associations with the existence of integrons.\u0000\u0000\u0000Methods\u0000During a 12-month study, 140 clinically significant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were collected from patients hospitalized in the burn ward of different hospitals in Tehran. Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were identified using standard laboratory procedures. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed for 13 antimicrobial agents according to the standard Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. The frequency of Class 1, 2 and 3 integrons was detected using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method.\u0000\u0000\u0000Results\u0000The resistance rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates to 13 antimicrobial agents were between 34.7% and 90.8%. Ceftriaxone and imipenem had good activity against the isolates. Of 140 tested isolates, 91 (65%) were multidrug resistant. The most predominant resistance profile among the isolates included resistance to 10 (12.14%), 9 (12.14%) and 8 (12.14%) antibiotics. Class 1 and 2 integrons were detected in 57.2% (56/98) and 30.6% (30/98) of tested Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, respectively. Of 98 (70%) integron positive isolates, only 12 (12.2%) isolates were positive for both classes of integrons. Resistance of the isolates to cefotaxime, aztreonam, imipenem, tobramycin, ticarcillin, ciprofloxacin and cloxacillin was observed to be significantly associated with the existence of integrons.\u0000\u0000\u0000Conclusion\u0000These data confirmed high prevalence of Class 1 integrons among Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from burn patients in this study. Based on these results, integrons may play an important role in the possible transmission of resistance genes to the clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates.","PeriodicalId":104133,"journal":{"name":"The West Indian medical journal","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122303110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
REFERENCES 1. Cameron M, Phillips B. Snookered! Facial infection secondary to occult foreign body. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2006; 35: 373‒5. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0901502705003231 2. Robinson PD, Rajayogeswaran V, Orr R. Unlikely foreign bodies in unusual facial sites. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1997; 35: 36‒9. 3. Schnider N, Reichart PA, Bornstein MM. Intraoral foreign bodies detected 40 years after a car accident using cone beam computed tomography. Quintessence Int 2012; 43: 741‒5. Available from: http:// qi.quitessenz.de/index.php?doc=abstract&abstractID=28345/ 4. Daya NP, Liversage HL. Penetrating stab wound injuries to the face. SADJ 2004; 59: 55‒9.
引用1。Cameron M, Phillips B. Snookered!继发于隐匿性异物的面部感染。国际口腔颌面外科杂志2006;35: 373 - 5。可从:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0901502705003231。Robinson PD, Rajayogeswaran V, Orr r。不寻常面部部位不可能的异物。[J]口腔颌面外科1997;35: 36-9。3.Schnider N, Reichart PA, Bornstein MM。车祸后40年使用锥形束计算机断层扫描检测口腔内异物。精粹Int 2012;43: 741 - 5。可从http://qi.quitessenz.de /index.php?doc=abstract&abstractID=28345/ 4。Daya NP, liverage HL。面部的穿透性刺伤。SADJ 2004;59: 55-9。
{"title":"Treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Accompanied by Epilepsy in a Child.","authors":"N. Yucel, A. Yucel, H. Ozcan","doi":"10.7727/wimj.2014.222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7727/wimj.2014.222","url":null,"abstract":"REFERENCES 1. Cameron M, Phillips B. Snookered! Facial infection secondary to occult foreign body. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2006; 35: 373‒5. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0901502705003231 2. Robinson PD, Rajayogeswaran V, Orr R. Unlikely foreign bodies in unusual facial sites. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1997; 35: 36‒9. 3. Schnider N, Reichart PA, Bornstein MM. Intraoral foreign bodies detected 40 years after a car accident using cone beam computed tomography. Quintessence Int 2012; 43: 741‒5. Available from: http:// qi.quitessenz.de/index.php?doc=abstract&abstractID=28345/ 4. Daya NP, Liversage HL. Penetrating stab wound injuries to the face. SADJ 2004; 59: 55‒9.","PeriodicalId":104133,"journal":{"name":"The West Indian medical journal","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124027129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Mahmudi, M. Nikpour, M. Azadbackt, R. Zanjani, M. Jahani, A. Aghamohammadi, Y. Jannati
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the impact of turmeric cream on the healing of Caesarean wound. METHODS This study was done as a randomized double blind trial in three groups on women who had a Caesarean operation. The redness, oedema, ecchymosis, drainage, approximation (REEDA) scale was used to evaluate the wound healing process. The χ², analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey tests were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Seven days after the surgery, the averages of REEDA score in the intervention, placebo and control groups were respectively, 0.46, 0.88, and 1.17 (p < 0.001), while on day 14, it was 0.03, 0.22 and 0.36 (p < 0.001), showing a significant statistical difference. Similarly, there was a difference between the intervention and placebo groups in the amount of oedema on the 7th and 14th days after the surgery (respectively, p = 0.066 and p < 0.001). The observed difference between the intervention and control groups in the amount of oedema was statistically significant on the 7th and 14th days after the surgery (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Turmeric was effective in faster healing of wounds of Caesarean operation. The use of turmeric is suggested to reduce the complications of the wounds from Caesarean section.
{"title":"The Impact of Turmeric Cream on Healing of Caesarean Scar.","authors":"G. Mahmudi, M. Nikpour, M. Azadbackt, R. Zanjani, M. Jahani, A. Aghamohammadi, Y. Jannati","doi":"10.7727/wimj.2014.196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7727/wimj.2014.196","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE\u0000The aim of this study was to assess the impact of turmeric cream on the healing of Caesarean wound.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000This study was done as a randomized double blind trial in three groups on women who had a Caesarean operation. The redness, oedema, ecchymosis, drainage, approximation (REEDA) scale was used to evaluate the wound healing process. The χ², analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey tests were used for statistical analysis.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Seven days after the surgery, the averages of REEDA score in the intervention, placebo and control groups were respectively, 0.46, 0.88, and 1.17 (p < 0.001), while on day 14, it was 0.03, 0.22 and 0.36 (p < 0.001), showing a significant statistical difference. Similarly, there was a difference between the intervention and placebo groups in the amount of oedema on the 7th and 14th days after the surgery (respectively, p = 0.066 and p < 0.001). The observed difference between the intervention and control groups in the amount of oedema was statistically significant on the 7th and 14th days after the surgery (p < 0.001).\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000Turmeric was effective in faster healing of wounds of Caesarean operation. The use of turmeric is suggested to reduce the complications of the wounds from Caesarean section.","PeriodicalId":104133,"journal":{"name":"The West Indian medical journal","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128998206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Lowe, DR Le Mercier du Quesnay, P. Gayle, F. Henry-Pinnock, T. Wedderburn-Buddo, Le Mercier du Quesnay
This is a special case report on Jamaica's first use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in stroke recovery, presented at the 56th Annual Conference of the Association of Surgeons in Jamaica, Kingston, Jamaica. The literature and story behind the trial ‒ covering case history, diagnosis and discussion of outcome ‒ technical issues, costing, insurance and possibilities for income earning and health tourism are explored.
{"title":"Report on Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy: An Overlooked Therapeutic Option in Stroke Recovery and a Potential Source of Health Sector Revenue and Health Tourism.","authors":"S. Lowe, DR Le Mercier du Quesnay, P. Gayle, F. Henry-Pinnock, T. Wedderburn-Buddo, Le Mercier du Quesnay","doi":"10.7727/wimj.2014.225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7727/wimj.2014.225","url":null,"abstract":"This is a special case report on Jamaica's first use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in stroke recovery, presented at the 56th Annual Conference of the Association of Surgeons in Jamaica, Kingston, Jamaica. The literature and story behind the trial ‒ covering case history, diagnosis and discussion of outcome ‒ technical issues, costing, insurance and possibilities for income earning and health tourism are explored.","PeriodicalId":104133,"journal":{"name":"The West Indian medical journal","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133315056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cleft lip and palate is a common congenital defect that is associated with various functional, aesthetic and psychosocial problems. The objective of this article is to share a brief overview of cleft and lip palate classification, aetiology, complications and management, particularly aimed at non-specialists. The literature suggests that the use of iliac crest bone in secondary alveolar bone grafting (ABG) still seems to be the favoured technique for cleft lip and palate repair. In conclusion, we suggest that advances in bone morphogenic proteins may be the key to further advancement in ABG.
{"title":"Cleft Lip and Palate and Alveolar Bone Grafting in the United Kingdom: A Brief Overview for Non-specialists.","authors":"A. Shafi, E. Ah-kee, A. Khan","doi":"10.7727/wimj.2015.191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7727/wimj.2015.191","url":null,"abstract":"Cleft lip and palate is a common congenital defect that is associated with various functional, aesthetic and psychosocial problems. The objective of this article is to share a brief overview of cleft and lip palate classification, aetiology, complications and management, particularly aimed at non-specialists. The literature suggests that the use of iliac crest bone in secondary alveolar bone grafting (ABG) still seems to be the favoured technique for cleft lip and palate repair. In conclusion, we suggest that advances in bone morphogenic proteins may be the key to further advancement in ABG.","PeriodicalId":104133,"journal":{"name":"The West Indian medical journal","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114499204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Preseptal cellulitis and orbital cellulitis can both present with increasing swelling, tenderness and redness around the eye, but their management differs. Preseptal cellulitis is more common and much less aggressive than orbital cellulitis. In contrast, orbital cellulitis is a medical emergency requiring urgent management. In this article, we provide a systematic approach to distinguish between preseptal cellulitis and orbital cellulitis at presentation, as the distinction between the two entities and the prompt recognition of orbital cellulitis can be potentially life-saving.
{"title":"Preseptal Cellulitis Or Orbital Cellulitis?","authors":"L. T. Lim, D. Miller, E. Ah-kee, A. Ferguson","doi":"10.7727/wimj.2015.179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7727/wimj.2015.179","url":null,"abstract":"Preseptal cellulitis and orbital cellulitis can both present with increasing swelling, tenderness and redness around the eye, but their management differs. Preseptal cellulitis is more common and much less aggressive than orbital cellulitis. In contrast, orbital cellulitis is a medical emergency requiring urgent management. In this article, we provide a systematic approach to distinguish between preseptal cellulitis and orbital cellulitis at presentation, as the distinction between the two entities and the prompt recognition of orbital cellulitis can be potentially life-saving.","PeriodicalId":104133,"journal":{"name":"The West Indian medical journal","volume":"65 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130058851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
OBJECTIVE Birth palsy, otherwise known as obstetric brachial plexus paralysis (OBPP), is a closed stretch injury to the brachial plexus of nerves during the birth process resulting in varying degree of paralysis and contractures of the upper limb. The study aimed to find out the susceptibility of humans and small-bodied primates to birth palsy. METHOD A comparative study on parturition in modern humans, hominoids, hominids, small-bodied primates and great apes was done to determine if the changes in female pelvis and neonatal head and shoulder during human evolution is the real cause for OBPP. RESULTS During evolution, the morphology of the female pelvis and birth canal changed into a narrow and twisted one and also the size of the fetal head increased. Thus, the narrow and twisted pelvis of the mother, and the relatively large head and broad shoulders of the newborn has made the birthing process of modern human and small bodied primates a precarious fine-tuned act with a very narrow margin for error. This has necessitated proper obstetric care to reduce or even at times obviate the incidence of birth injuries like OBPP. CONCLUSION Human evolution has made human babies susceptible to birth palsy and thus is the real cause of birth palsy.
{"title":"Human Evolution: The Real Cause for Birth Palsy.","authors":"R. Sreekanth, B. Thomas","doi":"10.7727/wimj.2014.083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7727/wimj.2014.083","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE\u0000Birth palsy, otherwise known as obstetric brachial plexus paralysis (OBPP), is a closed stretch injury to the brachial plexus of nerves during the birth process resulting in varying degree of paralysis and contractures of the upper limb. The study aimed to find out the susceptibility of humans and small-bodied primates to birth palsy.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHOD\u0000A comparative study on parturition in modern humans, hominoids, hominids, small-bodied primates and great apes was done to determine if the changes in female pelvis and neonatal head and shoulder during human evolution is the real cause for OBPP.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000During evolution, the morphology of the female pelvis and birth canal changed into a narrow and twisted one and also the size of the fetal head increased. Thus, the narrow and twisted pelvis of the mother, and the relatively large head and broad shoulders of the newborn has made the birthing process of modern human and small bodied primates a precarious fine-tuned act with a very narrow margin for error. This has necessitated proper obstetric care to reduce or even at times obviate the incidence of birth injuries like OBPP.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000Human evolution has made human babies susceptible to birth palsy and thus is the real cause of birth palsy.","PeriodicalId":104133,"journal":{"name":"The West Indian medical journal","volume":"600 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132481258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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