Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ICEMIC.1999.871687
P. Durai Kannu, T. M. Thomas
Modern satellite launch pads are provided with lightning protection system to take care of direct lightning strike to the satellite launch vehicle during launch preparation period. This paper presents the results of the induced voltage on the conductors interlinking the towers of such a protection system due to a nearby lightning strike. The variation in the induced voltages with lightning strike distances as well as ground conductivities are studied and the results presented in the paper. It has been seen that the waveshape of the induced voltage depends on the striking distance, where as the earth conductivity has negligible effect on the induced voltage. Computational analysis also shows that the magnitude of the induced voltage is reduced by bundling the conductors interlinking the towers.
{"title":"Lightning induced voltages on conductors interlinking the towers of a satellite launch pad","authors":"P. Durai Kannu, T. M. Thomas","doi":"10.1109/ICEMIC.1999.871687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEMIC.1999.871687","url":null,"abstract":"Modern satellite launch pads are provided with lightning protection system to take care of direct lightning strike to the satellite launch vehicle during launch preparation period. This paper presents the results of the induced voltage on the conductors interlinking the towers of such a protection system due to a nearby lightning strike. The variation in the induced voltages with lightning strike distances as well as ground conductivities are studied and the results presented in the paper. It has been seen that the waveshape of the induced voltage depends on the striking distance, where as the earth conductivity has negligible effect on the induced voltage. Computational analysis also shows that the magnitude of the induced voltage is reduced by bundling the conductors interlinking the towers.","PeriodicalId":104361,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Electromagnetic Interference and Compatibility","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115145257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ICEMIC.1999.871651
A. Sathyanaryanan, U.K. Nandwani
NABL (National Accreditation Board for Test and Calibration Laboratories) has already issued NABL-101 Acceptance criteria for accrediting test laboratories. This is based on International Standard ISO/IEC Guide 25. Further there are separate guidelines issued for specialised areas like biological and radiological laboratories. However, the EMC laboratory is being assessed along with any other test parameter which is being accredited. The standard clearly puts emphasis on the competency of test personnel and the elaborate laboratory environment for which separate guidelines are essential. NIST-USA have issued a number of guidelines documents with respect to FCC specifications. Similarly, a need has arisen to issue the guidelines with respect to IEC, EMC specifications against which the products are tested for EMC compliance.
{"title":"Guidelines for EMC laboratory accreditation","authors":"A. Sathyanaryanan, U.K. Nandwani","doi":"10.1109/ICEMIC.1999.871651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEMIC.1999.871651","url":null,"abstract":"NABL (National Accreditation Board for Test and Calibration Laboratories) has already issued NABL-101 Acceptance criteria for accrediting test laboratories. This is based on International Standard ISO/IEC Guide 25. Further there are separate guidelines issued for specialised areas like biological and radiological laboratories. However, the EMC laboratory is being assessed along with any other test parameter which is being accredited. The standard clearly puts emphasis on the competency of test personnel and the elaborate laboratory environment for which separate guidelines are essential. NIST-USA have issued a number of guidelines documents with respect to FCC specifications. Similarly, a need has arisen to issue the guidelines with respect to IEC, EMC specifications against which the products are tested for EMC compliance.","PeriodicalId":104361,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Electromagnetic Interference and Compatibility","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127484398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ICEMIC.1999.871600
B.W. Jakel, A. Muller
Circuit breaker operations represent a basic and important source for severe transients in the case of medium voltage substations, in contrast to the high voltage situation where corresponding severe transients are caused by disconnecter operations. Thus the power system parameters such as the load conditions or the switchgear components mainly determine amplitude and time behaviour of medium voltage switchgear transients. An extensive set of transient measurements were performed taking into account various types of switching operations, various types of loads and both types of switchgear, i.e., air- and gas-insulated. Results of measurements were compared with theoretically derived transient parameters such as the time behaviour or the relevant frequency contributions. Since the essential effects of such transients have to be considered in connection with secondary electronic equipment the coupling to secondary lines was also investigated in detail. This was done for switchgear configurations with conventional c.t. and v.t. Instrument transformers as well as for configurations provided with a new technology of instrument transformers, the so-called sensors.
{"title":"Transients in medium voltage switchgear: measurements, models and coupling","authors":"B.W. Jakel, A. Muller","doi":"10.1109/ICEMIC.1999.871600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEMIC.1999.871600","url":null,"abstract":"Circuit breaker operations represent a basic and important source for severe transients in the case of medium voltage substations, in contrast to the high voltage situation where corresponding severe transients are caused by disconnecter operations. Thus the power system parameters such as the load conditions or the switchgear components mainly determine amplitude and time behaviour of medium voltage switchgear transients. An extensive set of transient measurements were performed taking into account various types of switching operations, various types of loads and both types of switchgear, i.e., air- and gas-insulated. Results of measurements were compared with theoretically derived transient parameters such as the time behaviour or the relevant frequency contributions. Since the essential effects of such transients have to be considered in connection with secondary electronic equipment the coupling to secondary lines was also investigated in detail. This was done for switchgear configurations with conventional c.t. and v.t. Instrument transformers as well as for configurations provided with a new technology of instrument transformers, the so-called sensors.","PeriodicalId":104361,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Electromagnetic Interference and Compatibility","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125017009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ICEMIC.1999.871624
K. Sakthivel, S.K. Das, R. Ganesan
According to the power rating of a system, larger circulating current (I), high frequency (F) switching and also larger loop area (A) due to thicker cables, are involved in power supplies. Since EMI is directly proportional to I/spl times/A/spl times/F, the noise level would be larger in higher power rating systems than lower ones. Now, the reduction of conducted emissions (EMI) by use of any power line filter ("brute force method") is only capable of reducing EMI to certain degree, because of its size, weight and cost restrictions. Hence the cost effective technique for reducing EMI (conducted and radiated emissions) is to suppress them at their source while retaining the desired functional performance of the system. This paper describes various methodologies adapted such as identifying the major culprits, victims and coupling, to reduce the EMI level to prescribed limits in a 1 kVA/48 V DC inverter. Attention is paid to the importance of location of critical components and routing of wires (i.e. packaging of the system) within a system for achieving EMC.
{"title":"Significance of critical components placement to control EMI in power supplies. A case study","authors":"K. Sakthivel, S.K. Das, R. Ganesan","doi":"10.1109/ICEMIC.1999.871624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEMIC.1999.871624","url":null,"abstract":"According to the power rating of a system, larger circulating current (I), high frequency (F) switching and also larger loop area (A) due to thicker cables, are involved in power supplies. Since EMI is directly proportional to I/spl times/A/spl times/F, the noise level would be larger in higher power rating systems than lower ones. Now, the reduction of conducted emissions (EMI) by use of any power line filter (\"brute force method\") is only capable of reducing EMI to certain degree, because of its size, weight and cost restrictions. Hence the cost effective technique for reducing EMI (conducted and radiated emissions) is to suppress them at their source while retaining the desired functional performance of the system. This paper describes various methodologies adapted such as identifying the major culprits, victims and coupling, to reduce the EMI level to prescribed limits in a 1 kVA/48 V DC inverter. Attention is paid to the importance of location of critical components and routing of wires (i.e. packaging of the system) within a system for achieving EMC.","PeriodicalId":104361,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Electromagnetic Interference and Compatibility","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116141965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ICEMIC.1999.871666
R. G. Chandran, R.M. Cursetji
Ni-Zn EMI shielding spinel ferrite of the composition Ni/sub 0.30/Zn/sub 0.60/M/sub 0.10/Fe/sub 2/O/sub 4/, where M=Cu, have been synthesized by the conventional ceramic route and the properties were tailored for its use in ribbon flat cables of digital equipments in the operating frequency range of 30-200 MHz. These highly dense soft ferrites were obtained by the incorporation of sintering aids such as Cu. The microstructure of the ferrite showed angular grains of size /spl sim/20 /spl mu/m and inter/intragranular porosity. The spinel ferrite was lossy in nature and had a Curie temperature of /spl sim/170/spl deg/C and possessed impedance of 23.3, 59.6 and 121.5 Ohms at 30, 100 and 200 MHz respectively.
{"title":"Development of an EMI shielding ferrite: a case study","authors":"R. G. Chandran, R.M. Cursetji","doi":"10.1109/ICEMIC.1999.871666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEMIC.1999.871666","url":null,"abstract":"Ni-Zn EMI shielding spinel ferrite of the composition Ni/sub 0.30/Zn/sub 0.60/M/sub 0.10/Fe/sub 2/O/sub 4/, where M=Cu, have been synthesized by the conventional ceramic route and the properties were tailored for its use in ribbon flat cables of digital equipments in the operating frequency range of 30-200 MHz. These highly dense soft ferrites were obtained by the incorporation of sintering aids such as Cu. The microstructure of the ferrite showed angular grains of size /spl sim/20 /spl mu/m and inter/intragranular porosity. The spinel ferrite was lossy in nature and had a Curie temperature of /spl sim/170/spl deg/C and possessed impedance of 23.3, 59.6 and 121.5 Ohms at 30, 100 and 200 MHz respectively.","PeriodicalId":104361,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Electromagnetic Interference and Compatibility","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121890617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ICEMIC.1999.871676
T. Chakravarty, D. Dan, A. Das
A CAD oriented approach for synthesis of passive elliptic filters is outlined. A combination of various techniques leads to a simple user friendly algorithm which can help in designing very high orders of such filters. Also presented is the computer simulation of a typical 9/sup th/ degree filter which gives a 70 dB attenuation of f/sub c//f ratio of 1.1. A bandstop filter is designed with these prototype values and installed in the communication channels of Eastern Railways.
{"title":"A CAD methodology for ultra-sharp roll-off elliptic band-stop filter for suppression of adjacent channel interference","authors":"T. Chakravarty, D. Dan, A. Das","doi":"10.1109/ICEMIC.1999.871676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEMIC.1999.871676","url":null,"abstract":"A CAD oriented approach for synthesis of passive elliptic filters is outlined. A combination of various techniques leads to a simple user friendly algorithm which can help in designing very high orders of such filters. Also presented is the computer simulation of a typical 9/sup th/ degree filter which gives a 70 dB attenuation of f/sub c//f ratio of 1.1. A bandstop filter is designed with these prototype values and installed in the communication channels of Eastern Railways.","PeriodicalId":104361,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Electromagnetic Interference and Compatibility","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116626103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ICEMIC.1999.871650
U. P. Nayak, B. Ashok Kumar
The EMC requirements which have been made mandatory by the European Community have been incorporated in the EMC Directive. There are, however a number of other Directives of the European Community which also have EMC requirements incorporated. These include a number of Directives in the draft stage. The EMC requirements have been made an essential part of these Directives and have been made mandatory for the products covered by such Directives. This paper examines the different requirements for EMC that have been incorporated in these Directives vis-a-vis the EMC requirements in the EMC Directive.
{"title":"EMC requirements in European Community directives other than EMC Directives","authors":"U. P. Nayak, B. Ashok Kumar","doi":"10.1109/ICEMIC.1999.871650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEMIC.1999.871650","url":null,"abstract":"The EMC requirements which have been made mandatory by the European Community have been incorporated in the EMC Directive. There are, however a number of other Directives of the European Community which also have EMC requirements incorporated. These include a number of Directives in the draft stage. The EMC requirements have been made an essential part of these Directives and have been made mandatory for the products covered by such Directives. This paper examines the different requirements for EMC that have been incorporated in these Directives vis-a-vis the EMC requirements in the EMC Directive.","PeriodicalId":104361,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Electromagnetic Interference and Compatibility","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121770149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ICEMIC.1999.871615
N. De, D. C. Pande, D. R. Poddar
A direct three dimensional finite difference time domain (FDTD) method is applied to the analysis of a flash plate dipole (FTD) sensor used for transient field measurements. The sensor response to a double exponential transient wave and a Gaussian pulse are obtained and analysed. The capacitance and the equivalent area of the sensor are obtained and their variations with the structural dimension of the sensor are determined and compared with that obtained by the conventional method.
{"title":"Analysis of flash plate dipole EMP sensor using finite difference time domain method","authors":"N. De, D. C. Pande, D. R. Poddar","doi":"10.1109/ICEMIC.1999.871615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEMIC.1999.871615","url":null,"abstract":"A direct three dimensional finite difference time domain (FDTD) method is applied to the analysis of a flash plate dipole (FTD) sensor used for transient field measurements. The sensor response to a double exponential transient wave and a Gaussian pulse are obtained and analysed. The capacitance and the equivalent area of the sensor are obtained and their variations with the structural dimension of the sensor are determined and compared with that obtained by the conventional method.","PeriodicalId":104361,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Electromagnetic Interference and Compatibility","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134589893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ICEMIC.1999.871655
S. Karunakaran, K. Sridhar
Point-to-point or point-to-multipoint communication networks are being used for a variety of applications like voice, data supervisory control and data acquistion (SCADA) and automatic electric utility meter reading etc. Options for the network designers are the frequency, transmitter power and bandwidth for each of the above-mentioned applications. Typical design approaches do not ensure electromagnetic compatible operation of the network, resulting unknown signal fading and sometimes even signal loss, making the network unreliable, for an optimum transmitter power. This paper brings out various considerations to minimise the effect signal fading in a dynamically changing environment, which causes different multi-paths for the link. Further a quantitative estimation of fading based on a new distribution function, is shown which improves the accuracy of prediction of the electric field strength in urban areas. A software package "radio network design" is developed based on this concept and used in the design of three major networks in India.
{"title":"Radio network design-considerations to minimise effects of signal fading","authors":"S. Karunakaran, K. Sridhar","doi":"10.1109/ICEMIC.1999.871655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEMIC.1999.871655","url":null,"abstract":"Point-to-point or point-to-multipoint communication networks are being used for a variety of applications like voice, data supervisory control and data acquistion (SCADA) and automatic electric utility meter reading etc. Options for the network designers are the frequency, transmitter power and bandwidth for each of the above-mentioned applications. Typical design approaches do not ensure electromagnetic compatible operation of the network, resulting unknown signal fading and sometimes even signal loss, making the network unreliable, for an optimum transmitter power. This paper brings out various considerations to minimise the effect signal fading in a dynamically changing environment, which causes different multi-paths for the link. Further a quantitative estimation of fading based on a new distribution function, is shown which improves the accuracy of prediction of the electric field strength in urban areas. A software package \"radio network design\" is developed based on this concept and used in the design of three major networks in India.","PeriodicalId":104361,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Electromagnetic Interference and Compatibility","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133999831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ICEMIC.1999.871606
K. Singh
For the computation of the interference, evaluation of the transfer function of the channel from the source to the susceptor is required. For this, details of the signal spectrum of the source are needed. In case of a given device, a subsystem or the system its output spectrum is known apriori. However while carrying out the EMI analysis simple equations are available for computing the harmonics, the intermodulation and spurious outputs of the active devices be they be transmitter, receiver, oscillator or event the emissions from an antenna. These equations are good enough for the approximate results expected from manual computing. These are not adequate for a detailed analysis specifically with a data processing equipment. This paper brings out analysis and closed from solutions for modeling of the harmonics, the intermodulation components, and the spurious outputs from the active devices. The developed models can also be used for modeling the receiver transfer function over a wide range of frequencies covering the fundamental, sub-harmonics, harmonics and spurious.
{"title":"Model based estimation of spectral components of EMI from antenna, transmitter and susceptibility of receiver","authors":"K. Singh","doi":"10.1109/ICEMIC.1999.871606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEMIC.1999.871606","url":null,"abstract":"For the computation of the interference, evaluation of the transfer function of the channel from the source to the susceptor is required. For this, details of the signal spectrum of the source are needed. In case of a given device, a subsystem or the system its output spectrum is known apriori. However while carrying out the EMI analysis simple equations are available for computing the harmonics, the intermodulation and spurious outputs of the active devices be they be transmitter, receiver, oscillator or event the emissions from an antenna. These equations are good enough for the approximate results expected from manual computing. These are not adequate for a detailed analysis specifically with a data processing equipment. This paper brings out analysis and closed from solutions for modeling of the harmonics, the intermodulation components, and the spurious outputs from the active devices. The developed models can also be used for modeling the receiver transfer function over a wide range of frequencies covering the fundamental, sub-harmonics, harmonics and spurious.","PeriodicalId":104361,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Electromagnetic Interference and Compatibility","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133089305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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