Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ICEMIC.1999.871673
R. Ganesan, S.K. Das
This paper describes the basic concepts of 'grounding' in the context of meeting both safety and EMC performance requirements. It analyzes various sub-systems of the 'grounding system' and recommends proper 'system' and 'facility' grounding practices. It also covers a case study of a 'facility' grounding.
{"title":"Intricacy in system and facility grounding","authors":"R. Ganesan, S.K. Das","doi":"10.1109/ICEMIC.1999.871673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEMIC.1999.871673","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the basic concepts of 'grounding' in the context of meeting both safety and EMC performance requirements. It analyzes various sub-systems of the 'grounding system' and recommends proper 'system' and 'facility' grounding practices. It also covers a case study of a 'facility' grounding.","PeriodicalId":104361,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Electromagnetic Interference and Compatibility","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122045448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ICEMIC.1999.871672
K. Singh
The critical element in digital signal processing circuits is the analog to digital converter (ADC). The trend is to push up their operating speeds. For a given ADC, theoretically, a given signal to noise ratio (SNR) and dynamic range can be realised. The ADC performance in a practical circuit is likely to deteriorate due to several contributory factors, which raise the noise levels at the input and hence the output of the ADC. This noise level increases with the increase in the operating speeds. If the circuit principles to peg this noise down are not incorporated in the realised circuit, the expected performance from the ADC may not be available, specifically at high speeds of operation. This paper brings out the contributing factors to the noise, suggests techniques to minimize this noise in an ADC circuit and presents the salient parameters of a working high speed ADC circuit incorporating these techniques.
{"title":"Noise reduction in analog to digital converters","authors":"K. Singh","doi":"10.1109/ICEMIC.1999.871672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEMIC.1999.871672","url":null,"abstract":"The critical element in digital signal processing circuits is the analog to digital converter (ADC). The trend is to push up their operating speeds. For a given ADC, theoretically, a given signal to noise ratio (SNR) and dynamic range can be realised. The ADC performance in a practical circuit is likely to deteriorate due to several contributory factors, which raise the noise levels at the input and hence the output of the ADC. This noise level increases with the increase in the operating speeds. If the circuit principles to peg this noise down are not incorporated in the realised circuit, the expected performance from the ADC may not be available, specifically at high speeds of operation. This paper brings out the contributing factors to the noise, suggests techniques to minimize this noise in an ADC circuit and presents the salient parameters of a working high speed ADC circuit incorporating these techniques.","PeriodicalId":104361,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Electromagnetic Interference and Compatibility","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121709227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ICEMIC.1999.871587
R. Ganesan, S.K. Das, K.V.K. Sampath
HVDC technology deals with efficient transportation of hundreds of million watts of electrical power through conversion from ac to dc at the source end and dc to ac at the load end. Irrespective of system configuration, the converter generates a significant amount of power harmonics and feeds onto the transmission system. Systems of this kind couple unwanted electrical noise into co-located telephone circuits. This paper analyses the generation and coupling mechanism of power harmonics from HVDC to telecommunication systems and describes a case study involving underground telephone cables running parallel to HVDC transmission lines.
{"title":"HVDC transmission system performance from EMC perspective","authors":"R. Ganesan, S.K. Das, K.V.K. Sampath","doi":"10.1109/ICEMIC.1999.871587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEMIC.1999.871587","url":null,"abstract":"HVDC technology deals with efficient transportation of hundreds of million watts of electrical power through conversion from ac to dc at the source end and dc to ac at the load end. Irrespective of system configuration, the converter generates a significant amount of power harmonics and feeds onto the transmission system. Systems of this kind couple unwanted electrical noise into co-located telephone circuits. This paper analyses the generation and coupling mechanism of power harmonics from HVDC to telecommunication systems and describes a case study involving underground telephone cables running parallel to HVDC transmission lines.","PeriodicalId":104361,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Electromagnetic Interference and Compatibility","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127945307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ICEMIC.1999.871630
D. Steinbach, M. Rehfeldt
The Open Area Test Site (OATS) method is the reference for measuring radiated RF-disturbances, according to the valid standards, even though there are numerous shortcomings inherent in this method. In practice, alternative methods in other measurement environments, such as the semi-anechoic chamber with conducting ground plane, free-space and GTEM-cell, have been applied with success. These procedures are applicable always when their measuring results correspond with the OATS measuring results. A great variety of reference measurement series are known from publications with which the correspondence of measuring results could be proved partially for certain equipment under test (EUT). In the paper, limits and possibilities of applying GTEM-cells are discussed in comparison with other methods. The data was gathered by using artificial EUTs for the entire frequency range. Contents and results of reference measurements are presented and discussed. The methods involved are scrutinised with their errors and uncertainty.
Open Area Test Site (OATS)方法是根据有效标准测量辐射射频干扰的参考方法，尽管该方法存在许多固有的缺点。在实践中，其他测量环境的替代方法，如带导电接平面的半消声室、自由空间和GTEM-cell，已经成功应用。当测量结果与OATS测量结果一致时，这些程序始终适用。从出版物中已知的各种参考测量系列，可以部分地证明某些被测设备(EUT)的测量结果的对应性。本文讨论了gtem细胞与其他方法的应用局限性和可能性。在整个频率范围内使用人工eut收集数据。介绍和讨论了参考测量的内容和结果。对所涉及的方法的误差和不确定性进行了仔细审查。
{"title":"A review on measurements techniques in OATS and GTEM cell","authors":"D. Steinbach, M. Rehfeldt","doi":"10.1109/ICEMIC.1999.871630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEMIC.1999.871630","url":null,"abstract":"The Open Area Test Site (OATS) method is the reference for measuring radiated RF-disturbances, according to the valid standards, even though there are numerous shortcomings inherent in this method. In practice, alternative methods in other measurement environments, such as the semi-anechoic chamber with conducting ground plane, free-space and GTEM-cell, have been applied with success. These procedures are applicable always when their measuring results correspond with the OATS measuring results. A great variety of reference measurement series are known from publications with which the correspondence of measuring results could be proved partially for certain equipment under test (EUT). In the paper, limits and possibilities of applying GTEM-cells are discussed in comparison with other methods. The data was gathered by using artificial EUTs for the entire frequency range. Contents and results of reference measurements are presented and discussed. The methods involved are scrutinised with their errors and uncertainty.","PeriodicalId":104361,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Electromagnetic Interference and Compatibility","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128470187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ICEMIC.1999.871642
S. Tyagi, C. Arora
A mobile RF shelter has been designed and developed indigenously to protect the sophisticated electronic systems from the adverse effects of EMI and EMP. RF and EMP coupling to antenna cable, power cable, telephone cable, data cable, and AC cables were controlled by using EMP protected connectors, filters, a 92-pin transient protected connectors etc. The shielding effectiveness (SE) measured as per MIL-STD shows adequate SE for E-field, H-field and plane waves in the frequency range of 10 kHz-200 MHz.
{"title":"Practical realisation of a mobile RF shelter","authors":"S. Tyagi, C. Arora","doi":"10.1109/ICEMIC.1999.871642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEMIC.1999.871642","url":null,"abstract":"A mobile RF shelter has been designed and developed indigenously to protect the sophisticated electronic systems from the adverse effects of EMI and EMP. RF and EMP coupling to antenna cable, power cable, telephone cable, data cable, and AC cables were controlled by using EMP protected connectors, filters, a 92-pin transient protected connectors etc. The shielding effectiveness (SE) measured as per MIL-STD shows adequate SE for E-field, H-field and plane waves in the frequency range of 10 kHz-200 MHz.","PeriodicalId":104361,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Electromagnetic Interference and Compatibility","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125971919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ICEMIC.1999.871588
G. Deb
The paper discusses the EMC management philosophy, technology trends and perspectives in the system design, testing, maintenance and application of the "readymade recipe" for EMI control measures.
{"title":"EMC management for an electronic system design","authors":"G. Deb","doi":"10.1109/ICEMIC.1999.871588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEMIC.1999.871588","url":null,"abstract":"The paper discusses the EMC management philosophy, technology trends and perspectives in the system design, testing, maintenance and application of the \"readymade recipe\" for EMI control measures.","PeriodicalId":104361,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Electromagnetic Interference and Compatibility","volume":"168 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114009538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ICEMIC.1999.871647
D. Kumar, S.K. Das, K. R. Kini
ISO 9000 is a series of standards developed by International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) that document, structure, account for and trace products and services produced/offered by an organisation. The real life situation has been discussed in this paper emphasising on practical approach for ISO 9000 implementation and certification process for EMC services. This paper also describes/lists SAMEER's experience in going through the entire process for achieving ISO 9001 Certification for its EMC services for RVA and RAB accreditation.
{"title":"A practical approach to ISO 9000 certification for EMC services","authors":"D. Kumar, S.K. Das, K. R. Kini","doi":"10.1109/ICEMIC.1999.871647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEMIC.1999.871647","url":null,"abstract":"ISO 9000 is a series of standards developed by International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) that document, structure, account for and trace products and services produced/offered by an organisation. The real life situation has been discussed in this paper emphasising on practical approach for ISO 9000 implementation and certification process for EMC services. This paper also describes/lists SAMEER's experience in going through the entire process for achieving ISO 9001 Certification for its EMC services for RVA and RAB accreditation.","PeriodicalId":104361,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Electromagnetic Interference and Compatibility","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122417159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ICEMIC.1999.871614
N. De, D. C. Pande, D. R. Poddar
A parallel plate dipole (PPD) sensor has been analysed using a direct three dimensional finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. The various electrical parameters of the PPD sensor derived using this method are: (a) the sensor response to a double exponential transient wave and a Gaussian pulse, (b) the sensor capacitance, (c) the equivalent length, (d) the equivalent volume, and (e) the figure of merit. The variations of these parameters with the structural dimension of the sensor are determined and compared with that obtained by the conventional electrostatic method. Finally the effect of a dielectric shell (used for the mechanical protection of the sensor) on the equivalent length and the response of the sensor are analysed and discussed.
{"title":"Analysis of parallel plate dipole sensor using finite difference time domain method","authors":"N. De, D. C. Pande, D. R. Poddar","doi":"10.1109/ICEMIC.1999.871614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEMIC.1999.871614","url":null,"abstract":"A parallel plate dipole (PPD) sensor has been analysed using a direct three dimensional finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. The various electrical parameters of the PPD sensor derived using this method are: (a) the sensor response to a double exponential transient wave and a Gaussian pulse, (b) the sensor capacitance, (c) the equivalent length, (d) the equivalent volume, and (e) the figure of merit. The variations of these parameters with the structural dimension of the sensor are determined and compared with that obtained by the conventional electrostatic method. Finally the effect of a dielectric shell (used for the mechanical protection of the sensor) on the equivalent length and the response of the sensor are analysed and discussed.","PeriodicalId":104361,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Electromagnetic Interference and Compatibility","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122613709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ICEMIC.1999.871659
D. C. Pande
Summary form only given, as follows. Personal wireless communication services are considered as a subset technology of the information age. They have gained importance and visibility over the 1990s, and future technological advancements in this field will be unprecedented. As the thrust into wireless personal communication continues with more advanced and compact technologies the risks increase of "corrupting" the information provided by such communication services because of various types of electromagnetic interference (EMI). To achieve electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) in mobile communication systems requires the right signal with sufficient strength for the customer. Such requirements bring a considerable number of issues, both intra- and inter-system EMI related problems for base stations and between ground stations and mobile units. In this paper we discuss only inter-system problems. The antenna design plays an important role in solving EMI problems of mobile communications systems, some of these design aspects are highlighted in this paper. A comprehensive study has been made for the EMI scenario resulting due to the diffraction scattering, path loss, reflection of paths, and multi-path interference in mobile communications. For prediction of the excessive interference level (EIL) various mathematical models for fading basics, Rayleigh fading, multi-path interference, Doppler spread basics, time delay spread basics, path loss, co-channel, and adjacent channel interference have been examined and analysed.
{"title":"Electromagnetic compatibility problems in mobile communication systems","authors":"D. C. Pande","doi":"10.1109/ICEMIC.1999.871659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEMIC.1999.871659","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given, as follows. Personal wireless communication services are considered as a subset technology of the information age. They have gained importance and visibility over the 1990s, and future technological advancements in this field will be unprecedented. As the thrust into wireless personal communication continues with more advanced and compact technologies the risks increase of \"corrupting\" the information provided by such communication services because of various types of electromagnetic interference (EMI). To achieve electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) in mobile communication systems requires the right signal with sufficient strength for the customer. Such requirements bring a considerable number of issues, both intra- and inter-system EMI related problems for base stations and between ground stations and mobile units. In this paper we discuss only inter-system problems. The antenna design plays an important role in solving EMI problems of mobile communications systems, some of these design aspects are highlighted in this paper. A comprehensive study has been made for the EMI scenario resulting due to the diffraction scattering, path loss, reflection of paths, and multi-path interference in mobile communications. For prediction of the excessive interference level (EIL) various mathematical models for fading basics, Rayleigh fading, multi-path interference, Doppler spread basics, time delay spread basics, path loss, co-channel, and adjacent channel interference have been examined and analysed.","PeriodicalId":104361,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Electromagnetic Interference and Compatibility","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127885262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ICEMIC.1999.871596
P. Kulkarni, D. Rajeev
The design and construction of a modern warship offer a major challenge to an EMC engineer. By its very nature a warship is an extremely complex structure. It accommodates a multitude of complex electronic/electrical systems encased in a steel hull sitting on one of the best conducting media-water. To further complicate the situation these equipments are required to operate simultaneously. Being a mobile platform, a warship is required to operate in widely varying electromagnetic environments. As a result, the equipment fitted onboard is expected to operate satisfactorily and in a compatible manner in the most trying EM environment. To enable the sensitive equipment installed onboard a warship to operate in this ambience in a mutually compatible manner, it is necessary to provide shielding by housing them in specially designed and constructed shielded compartments. This paper deals with the various aspects to be considered in the design and construction of a shielded compartment onboard a warship. It also addresses the measures undertaken to ensure the maintenance of the designed EMC features throughout the lifecycle of a warship.
{"title":"Design considerations for shielded compartments in warships","authors":"P. Kulkarni, D. Rajeev","doi":"10.1109/ICEMIC.1999.871596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEMIC.1999.871596","url":null,"abstract":"The design and construction of a modern warship offer a major challenge to an EMC engineer. By its very nature a warship is an extremely complex structure. It accommodates a multitude of complex electronic/electrical systems encased in a steel hull sitting on one of the best conducting media-water. To further complicate the situation these equipments are required to operate simultaneously. Being a mobile platform, a warship is required to operate in widely varying electromagnetic environments. As a result, the equipment fitted onboard is expected to operate satisfactorily and in a compatible manner in the most trying EM environment. To enable the sensitive equipment installed onboard a warship to operate in this ambience in a mutually compatible manner, it is necessary to provide shielding by housing them in specially designed and constructed shielded compartments. This paper deals with the various aspects to be considered in the design and construction of a shielded compartment onboard a warship. It also addresses the measures undertaken to ensure the maintenance of the designed EMC features throughout the lifecycle of a warship.","PeriodicalId":104361,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Electromagnetic Interference and Compatibility","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127970979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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