Clinical psychology & psychotherapy最新文献

Dual Frameworks for Understanding OCD: Cognitive Misappraisals and Psychological Inflexibility in Clinical and Non-Clinical Populations

IF 3.2 3区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Clinical psychology & psychotherapy

Pub Date : 2025-04-05 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.70065

Zahra Nejad-Ebrahim Soumee, Amirhossein Rasouli, Jennifer Krafft, Seyedeh Elnaz Mousavi

Background

OCD is a prevalent and debilitating mental disorder characterized by intrusive thoughts and repetitive behaviours. While cognitive models attribute OCD to dysfunctional beliefs and misinterpretations of intrusive thoughts, the inflexibility model emphasizes the role of experiential avoidance and cognitive fusion. This study investigates the relative predictive power of the cognitive and inflexibility frameworks in individuals with OCD compared to non-clinical controls.

Methods

A total of 315 participants were recruited: 125 individuals with OCD and 190 non-clinical controls. Participants completed self-report measures of OCI-R, AAQ-II, CFQ and interpretation of intrusions (III). ANOVA and Pearson correlation analyses were conducted to examine group differences and relationships between variables. Finally, multiple stepwise regression analyses were performed to investigate the predictive power of these variables on OCD symptoms in both groups.

Results

Results indicated that individuals with OCD exhibited significantly higher levels of cognitive fusion, experiential avoidance, and misinterpretation of intrusions compared to non-clinical controls. Regression analyses revealed that cognitive fusion and interpretation of intrusions were significant predictors of OCD symptoms in the non-clinical group (R² = 0.265***), while experiential avoidance and cognitive fusion were significant predictors in the clinical group (R² = 0.254***).

Conclusions

This study provides evidence for a multifaceted understanding of OCD. While the interpretation of intrusions may be more relevant in subclinical experiences of OCD, experiential avoidance and cognitive fusion may be more important as severity increases. This shift in emphasis suggests that the inflexibility model may be a better predictor of OCD symptoms than the cognitive model in individuals with a long history of the disorder.

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引用次数: 0

Interpersonal Problems and Their Impact on Alliance Ruptures in Psychotherapy

IF 3.2 3区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Clinical psychology & psychotherapy

Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.70071

Flavio Iovoli, Marie Baranowski, Leonie S. Sander, Julian A. Rubel

Introduction

Alliance ruptures are frequent occurrences in psychotherapy. Understanding the factors that contribute to these ruptures is important for optimizing therapeutic outcomes. From the perspective of interpersonal theory, the experience of interpersonal problems may play a significant role in the occurrence of alliance ruptures, as maladaptive relational patterns can trigger momentary interpersonal misattunements. This study aimed to investigate how specific interpersonal problems predict the frequency of alliance ruptures in the first three sessions of cognitive–behavioural therapy.

Methods

Sixty-four patients completed the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (32 items) (IIP-32) as part of their routine outcome monitoring in an outpatient clinic. Subsequently, the first three regular therapy sessions were coded using the Rupture and Resolution Rating System (3RS). Multilevel Bayesian hurdle models were estimated, simultaneously modelling (1) the likelihood of experiencing at least one rupture and (2) the frequency of rupture occurrences among patients who had at least one.

Results

Withdrawal ruptures were more frequent than confrontation ruptures. Higher affiliation and friendly–submissive tendencies were associated with fewer withdrawal ruptures but increased the likelihood of experiencing at least one withdrawal rupture. In contrast, hostile–submissive tendencies predicted more frequent withdrawal ruptures but were associated with a lower probability of at least one occurrence. For confrontation ruptures, the overall level of dysfunction and self-sacrificing tendencies predicted fewer confrontation ruptures.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that specific interpersonal problems can provide therapists with crucial insights into subtle rupture occurrences. By understanding these dynamics, therapists can better recognize and address ruptures, ultimately enhancing the therapeutic process.

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引用次数: 0

Brief Cognitive Analytic Therapy (CAT)-Informed Reformulation for Young People With Eating Disorders: A Case Series

IF 3.2 3区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Clinical psychology & psychotherapy

Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.70043

C. Green, G. Mannion, I. Gill, S. Hartley, B. J. Dunlop, P. J. Taylor

Background

Onset of Eating Disorder (ED) peaks in young people, and interpersonal factors can influence development and maintenance. With increased referrals to ED services, accessible, brief interventions may support early intervention and improve outcomes. Cognitive Analytic Therapy (CAT) is a transdiagnostic relational approach, which can offer benefit for a range of presenting difficulties. This study aimed to assess the feasibility and acceptability of a brief, CAT-informed reformulation for young people with ED.

Design

A case series design recruited eight young people who met inclusion and exclusion criteria to participate in the five-session reformulation intervention.

Method

Recruitment took place from NHS ED services. Feasibility and acceptability were measured via recruitment, retention, qualitative feedback and missing data. Psychological distress, ED severity, personal recovery and motivation to change were assessed at baseline, post-intervention and follow-up. Participants also completed sessional measures of psychological distress and alliance.

Results

Eight eligible participants aged 15–24 years (M = 20.25, SD = 3.58) consented to take part and received the intervention. All participants attended all intervention sessions and completed all assessments. Participants reported positive experiences of the intervention. There was an associated reduction across clinical outcomes, including psychological distress and ED severity.

Conclusions

This case series showed promising results on the feasibility and acceptability of a brief CAT-informed reformulation for young people with ED. However, the study had a small sample size and no comparator control group. Larger scale exploration of a brief CAT-informed reformulation for EDs among young people is warranted.

Clinical Trial Registration

The study was preregistered with clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05746364).

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引用次数: 0

Latent Profiles of Early Maladaptive Schemas and Their Associations With Suicide Risk Factors in Patients With Mood Disorders

IF 3.2 3区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Clinical psychology & psychotherapy

Pub Date : 2025-03-29 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.70069

Chanhee Park, C. Hyung Keun Park

Purpose

Although early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) have been linked to suicidal ideation, their heterogeneous nature has not been fully explored in this relationship. This study sought to identify distinct latent profiles based on 18 EMSs in a clinical sample and examine how these profiles differ in relation to suicidal ideation and suicide risk factors, such as perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness and fearlessness about death.

Method

Data from routine clinical assessments of 799 outpatients with mood disorders (aged 18–49 years, 513 female, 286 male, M_age = 28.71) were analysed. Latent profile analysis was performed to identify distinct EMS profiles, and their associations with suicide risk factors were examined using the Bolck–Croon–Hagenaars method.

Results

Five distinct EMS profiles emerged: Low, Below Average, Above Average, Specific Elevation and High Risk. The Specific Elevation profile demonstrated specifically elevated levels of social isolation/alienation, defectiveness/shame, failure, dependence/incompetence and insufficient self-control/self-discipline, while the levels of most other schemas were similar to the Above Average profile. The High Risk profile showed elevated levels across all schemas. Both the Specific Elevation profile and the High Risk profile exhibited the highest levels of perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness and suicidal ideation, with no significant differences between them. Fearlessness about death did not differ among the profiles.

Conclusion

The identified EMS profiles offer unique utility in predicting perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness and suicidal ideation. The specific schemas that showed elevation in the Specific Elevation profile may serve as promising targets for mitigating suicide risk in patients with mood disorders.

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引用次数: 0

Validation and Refinement of the Short Version of Perinatal Grief Scale in Chinese Women Who Experience Perianal Loss: A Psychometric Study

IF 3.2 3区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Clinical psychology & psychotherapy

Pub Date : 2025-03-29 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.70067

Si Ni Li, Li Yang, Qing Yu Wang, Jiao Xie, Hui Cao, Wen Zhao, Su Qin Tang

Background

The Short Version of the Perinatal Grief Scale (SVPGS) is a widely used scale of grief related to perinatal loss. This study aims to validate and refine the SVPGS among Chinese women experiencing perinatal loss by addressing its psychometric properties.

Methods

After translating the SVPGS from English to Chinese and conducting a pre-test with 20 end-users, followed by an assessment of content validity involving 10 experts, a cross-sectional study was conducted to assess its internal reliability and structure, concurrent, convergent, divergent, known-group validities among 353 women who have experienced perinatal loss across eight hospitals in Hunan Province, China. A subset of 275 participants were reassessed over a 1-month interval for the test–retest reliability.

Results

The refined 15-item SVPGS demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.92) and strong 1-month test–retest reliability (κ = 0.83) compared to the original SVPGS. A three-factor structure consisting of 15 items was confirmed through item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and parallel analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis further validated this structure, indicating a good fit for the refined SVPGS. Concurrent validity was supported by a large correlation between the SVPGS and refined SVPGS (r = 0.90, p < 0.01). Convergent and divergent validities were confirmed through significant correlations with variables including depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and post-traumatic stress disorder, psychological flexibility, mindfulness, self-compassion, perceived social support, and quality of life. Known-group validation revealed significant differences in these variables between high and low levels of the refined SVPGS.

Conclusions

These findings indicate that the refined SVPGS is a brief, reliable, and valid tool for measuring grief in women who have experienced perinatal loss. Future research is strongly recommended to test the refined SVPGS across diverse samples and cultural contexts to enhance its generalizability.

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引用次数: 0

Clinician Diagnostic Ratings and Countertransference Reactions Towards Grandiose and Vulnerable Narcissism

IF 3.2 3区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Clinical psychology & psychotherapy

Pub Date : 2025-03-27 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.70070

Nicholas J. S. Day, Marko Biberdzic, Ava Green, Georgia Denmeade, Bo Bach, Brin F. S. Grenyer

Background

Narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) is known to comprise two distinct but connected phenotypes related to ‘grandiosity’ and ‘vulnerability’, respectively. While evidence suggests differing countertransference responses to narcissism subtype expression, no study has examined this using a qualitative methodology and explored associations with ratings of personality disorder severity.

Method

Mental health clinicians (N = 180, 67% female, age = 38.9), completed qualitative clinical reflections and ratings of overall personality disorder severity towards two hypothetical vignettes displaying pathological narcissism (‘grandiose’ and ‘vulnerable’ narcissism respectively), as well as a rating of attitudes towards patients in their routine practice who resemble these vignettes.

Results

Distinct qualitative themes were identified between narcissistic subtype, with grandiose narcissism evoking anger, lack of empathy and hopelessness, compared to sympathy, sadness and discomfort in vulnerable narcissism. In terms of diagnostic category, the grandiose vignette was predominately identified as ‘narcissistic personality disorder’ (97%), whereas the vulnerable vignette was a mixture of ‘depressive disorder’ (29%), ‘narcissistic personality disorder’ (24%), ‘trauma and stressor related disorders’ (21%) and ‘borderline personality disorder’ (21%). Attitude scores differed significantly between subtypes, with more negative attitudes towards narcissistic grandiosity than narcissistic vulnerability. The grandiose vignette was also rated as displaying more overall personality impairment, with an association observed between negative clinician attitude scores and increased ratings of personality disorder severity.

Discussion

Two potential pathways are outlined to interpret these findings. The first is that inordinate stigma towards narcissistic grandiosity negatively biases clinicians when working with these patients due to feelings of anger and frustration. The second is that clinicians are drawn to minimise pathology of vulnerable patients due to their feelings of sadness and empathy. We propose that effective diagnosis and psychotherapy for pathological narcissism rely on clinicians' ability to balance these two dilemmas and resist either extreme.

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引用次数: 0

The Interaction Between Alliance and Technique Use in the Prediction of Client Change: Replication and Extension of Owen et al. (2013) in a Different Cultural Context

IF 3.2 3区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Clinical psychology & psychotherapy

Pub Date : 2025-03-27 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.70057

Michael Katz, Mark Hilsenroth, Nurit Rokah, Or Wolster, Sharon Ziv-Beiman

Although the relationship between alliance and outcome is well established, the relationship between technique and outcome seems to be more complex. Accordingly, interest has been rising in the interaction between alliance and technique. In this study, using the new Hebrew version of the Comparative Psychotherapy Process Scale (CPPS), we set out to replicate and extend Owen et al.'s findings regarding the interaction between psychodynamic-interpersonal (PI) technique, cognitive-behavioural (CB) technique and the alliance with patient rated change, 10 years later, and in a different cultural context (Israel vs. United States). A sample of 112 clients completed an online survey including three measures to rate their most recent session: the CPPS, the Working Alliance Inventory (WAI-SF-P) and the Client Task Specific Change Measure Revised (CTSC-R). We found a significant positive relationship between both PI and CB technique with patient rated change, as well as a significant positive relationship between PI technique and the working alliance. We also found interactions between both PI and CB technique use with alliance, in predicting patient rated change. A PROCESS moderation analysis was utilized to better understand these interactions. Whereas amplified PI technique use was most effective in low alliance levels; CB technique was most effective in the context of a strong alliance. The findings support the notion that the technique–alliance interaction may be related to whether the technique a therapist is considering amplifying is adherent or non-adherent to their primary model.

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引用次数: 0

Community Norms for the Symptom Questionnaire (SQ-48): Normalised T-Scores and Percentile Rank Order Scores

IF 3.2 3区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Clinical psychology & psychotherapy

Pub Date : 2025-03-26 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.70056

Edwin de Beurs, Erik J. Giltay, Ingrid V. Carlier

Use of standardised scores, such as T-scores and percentile rank order scores, enhances measurement-based care. They facilitate communication between therapists and clients about test results, particularly for multidimensional measures such as the Symptoms Questionnaire (SQ-48). By transforming raw scores into a common metric, clinicians can more easily interpret and discuss patient profiles of scores on the various scales of the measure.

This study explored the advantages and disadvantages of standardised scores and percentile ranks, with a specific focus on T-scores, utilising cross-sectional data from a general population sample (N = 516) and a clinical sample (N = 242). We outline various approaches for establishing T-scores and provide illustrative examples. The analysis of the SQ-48 revealed the necessity of first normalising raw scores to obtain accurate T-scores. Normalisation based on an IRT model is deemed superior, but formulas converting summed scale scores provide a good approximation. Regarding percentile rank order scores, we demonstrated that clinical percentiles offer more meaningful interpretations than population-based percentiles, due to restriction of range for the latter among clinical subjects. Gender and age group differences were identified, with significantly higher scores for women and individuals aged 55 and older. Benefits of normalised T-scores and the need for gender- and age-specific norms for the SQ-48 are discussed.

{"title":"Community Norms for the Symptom Questionnaire (SQ-48): Normalised T-Scores and Percentile Rank Order Scores","authors":"Edwin de Beurs, Erik J. Giltay, Ingrid V. Carlier","doi":"10.1002/cpp.70056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.70056","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Use of standardised scores, such as <i>T</i>-scores and percentile rank order scores, enhances measurement-based care. They facilitate communication between therapists and clients about test results, particularly for multidimensional measures such as the Symptoms Questionnaire (SQ-48). By transforming raw scores into a common metric, clinicians can more easily interpret and discuss patient profiles of scores on the various scales of the measure.</p><p>This study explored the advantages and disadvantages of standardised scores and percentile ranks, with a specific focus on <i>T</i>-scores, utilising cross-sectional data from a general population sample (<i>N</i> = 516) and a clinical sample (<i>N</i> = 242). We outline various approaches for establishing <i>T</i>-scores and provide illustrative examples. The analysis of the SQ-48 revealed the necessity of first normalising raw scores to obtain accurate <i>T</i>-scores. Normalisation based on an IRT model is deemed superior, but formulas converting summed scale scores provide a good approximation. Regarding percentile rank order scores, we demonstrated that clinical percentiles offer more meaningful interpretations than population-based percentiles, due to restriction of range for the latter among clinical subjects. Gender and age group differences were identified, with significantly higher scores for women and individuals aged 55 and older. Benefits of normalised <i>T</i>-scores and the need for gender- and age-specific norms for the SQ-48 are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":10460,"journal":{"name":"Clinical psychology & psychotherapy","volume":"32 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cpp.70056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143707545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Contributory Factors to Self-Disclosure in Clinical Supervision: A Meta-ethnography

IF 3.2 3区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Clinical psychology & psychotherapy

Pub Date : 2025-03-26 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.70068

Alina Elena Apostol, Kellie Turner, Rosa Hoshi, Aimee Pudduck

Research on supervisee disclosure in clinical supervision has predominantly focused on supervisees' tendency to withhold important information (e.g., negative feelings, perceived power differentials, clinical mistakes, personal issues and countertransference), highlighting a significant gap in understanding the factors that influence supervisees' self-disclosure. Self-disclosure, which is considered essential for supervisors to provide personalised feedback and tailored guidance, plays a critical role in effective supervision but remains underexplored in terms of its facilitators and barriers. This study addresses this gap by systematically exploring the contributory factors affecting supervisee self-disclosure within the context of clinical supervision. Using the principles of meta-ethnography, this systematic review synthesised findings from eight qualitative studies involving 180 participants (the sample ranging from 3 to 110). Through a thorough process of data extraction, translation, and synthesis, a conceptual framework was developed, positioning self-disclosure as a dynamic process shaped by the interplay between supervisory dynamics, contextual factors, and supervisees' internal experiences. Key factors influencing self-disclosure included the quality of the supervisory relationship, supervisees' perception of supervisors' personal characteristics, the emotional impact of self-disclosure on supervisees and power differentials. These findings highlight the relational and systemic factors shaping supervisee self-disclosure. Implications include strategies to improve supervisory relationships, reduce power imbalances and foster supportive environments. The study informs future research, enhances supervisory practice and guides training programmes to improve clinical supervision effectiveness.

{"title":"Contributory Factors to Self-Disclosure in Clinical Supervision: A Meta-ethnography","authors":"Alina Elena Apostol, Kellie Turner, Rosa Hoshi, Aimee Pudduck","doi":"10.1002/cpp.70068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.70068","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Research on supervisee disclosure in clinical supervision has predominantly focused on supervisees' tendency to withhold important information (e.g., negative feelings, perceived power differentials, clinical mistakes, personal issues and countertransference), highlighting a significant gap in understanding the factors that influence supervisees' self-disclosure. Self-disclosure, which is considered essential for supervisors to provide personalised feedback and tailored guidance, plays a critical role in effective supervision but remains underexplored in terms of its facilitators and barriers. This study addresses this gap by systematically exploring the contributory factors affecting supervisee self-disclosure within the context of clinical supervision. Using the principles of meta-ethnography, this systematic review synthesised findings from eight qualitative studies involving 180 participants (the sample ranging from 3 to 110). Through a thorough process of data extraction, translation, and synthesis, a conceptual framework was developed, positioning self-disclosure as a dynamic process shaped by the interplay between supervisory dynamics, contextual factors, and supervisees' internal experiences. Key factors influencing self-disclosure included the quality of the supervisory relationship, supervisees' perception of supervisors' personal characteristics, the emotional impact of self-disclosure on supervisees and power differentials. These findings highlight the relational and systemic factors shaping supervisee self-disclosure. Implications include strategies to improve supervisory relationships, reduce power imbalances and foster supportive environments. The study informs future research, enhances supervisory practice and guides training programmes to improve clinical supervision effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":10460,"journal":{"name":"Clinical psychology & psychotherapy","volume":"32 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cpp.70068","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143707669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Measures of Psychological Mindedness: A Systematic Review of Psychometric Properties

IF 3.2 3区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Clinical psychology & psychotherapy

Pub Date : 2025-03-23 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.70064

Joshua Eli Thompson, Gillian Haddock, Katherine Berry

Objective

Psychological mindedness has been positively associated with psychological wellbeing and positive outcomes in psychological therapy. Valid and reliable measures of psychological mindedness are needed for accurate measurement of the construct. This paper is the first to provide a comprehensive review of existing measures of psychological mindedness.

Methods

The review protocol was pre-registered and systematic with methods reported according to PRISMA criteria. The quality of studies reporting on psychometric properties of measurement tools was evaluated against the COSMIN criteria.

Results

Twenty-three studies relating to six measures of psychological mindedness were included in the review. No measure demonstrated sufficient evidence when evaluated against all COSMIN measurement criteria. However, the Balanced Index of Psychological Mindedness (BIPM) demonstrated the most robust psychometric properties with sufficient evidence of structural validity and internal consistency demonstrated through studies of high quality.

Conclusions

Whilst the BIPM demonstrated the most robust measurement properties, further research is needed in relation to its content validity, cross-cultural validity, and responsiveness. The BIPM also does not incorporate ‘other-oriented’ psychological mindedness. Alternative measures such as the PMS and PMAP are available to measure psychological mindedness towards others but have less sufficient evidence of psychometric rigour.

{"title":"Measures of Psychological Mindedness: A Systematic Review of Psychometric Properties","authors":"Joshua Eli Thompson, Gillian Haddock, Katherine Berry","doi":"10.1002/cpp.70064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.70064","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Psychological mindedness has been positively associated with psychological wellbeing and positive outcomes in psychological therapy. Valid and reliable measures of psychological mindedness are needed for accurate measurement of the construct. This paper is the first to provide a comprehensive review of existing measures of psychological mindedness.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The review protocol was pre-registered and systematic with methods reported according to PRISMA criteria. The quality of studies reporting on psychometric properties of measurement tools was evaluated against the COSMIN criteria.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty-three studies relating to six measures of psychological mindedness were included in the review. No measure demonstrated sufficient evidence when evaluated against all COSMIN measurement criteria. However, the Balanced Index of Psychological Mindedness (BIPM) demonstrated the most robust psychometric properties with sufficient evidence of structural validity and internal consistency demonstrated through studies of high quality.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Whilst the BIPM demonstrated the most robust measurement properties, further research is needed in relation to its content validity, cross-cultural validity, and responsiveness. The BIPM also does not incorporate ‘other-oriented’ psychological mindedness. Alternative measures such as the PMS and PMAP are available to measure psychological mindedness towards others but have less sufficient evidence of psychometric rigour.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10460,"journal":{"name":"Clinical psychology & psychotherapy","volume":"32 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cpp.70064","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143689866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0