Clinical psychology & psychotherapy最新文献

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) present behavioural problems that contribute to caregiver stress and stigma. While trait mindfulness is considered a protective factor, the underlying mechanisms buffering the distress may differ due to differences in children's problem behaviours. This study used network analysis to compare the interplay of parenting stress, affiliate stigma, child problem behaviours and parental trait mindfulness in parents of children with ASD (n = 174) versus ADHD (n = 108). We constructed psychological network models and compared node centrality to identify core components and pathways in their psychological networks. Parenting stress and affiliate stigma were central but differently structured in both networks. The ASD network featured strong links between the child's prosocial behaviour, the node ‘Difficult Child’ of parenting stress and ‘Cognitive Stigma’ of affiliate stigma. In contrast, the ADHD network was defined by links between the nodes ‘Cognitive Stigma’ and ‘Affective Stigma’ of affiliate stigma and the child's prosocial behaviour. Trait mindfulness was negatively associated with parenting stress and affiliate stigma, suggesting transdiagnostic benefits. These findings reveal distinct distress mechanisms, suggesting that interventions for ASD families should target children's social skills, while those for ADHD families should focus on managing parent–child behavioural cycles.

This cross-sectional study investigated the association between early maladaptive schemas, schema modes, emotion dysregulation and impulsivity in individuals with comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD). The study included 110 patients with ADHD-BPD comorbidity, 110 with only ADHD, 110 with only BPD, and 110 healthy controls, all assessed at Baharan Psychiatric Hospital in Iran. Diagnoses were established using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Disorders (SCID-5-CV) and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Personality Disorders (SCID-5-PD). Participants completed the Young Early Maladaptive Schema Questionnaire, the Schema Mode Inventory–Short Form, the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale–Brief Form, and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11. Results indicated that the ADHD-BPD group exhibited significantly higher levels of emotion dysregulation, impulsivity, early maladaptive schemas, and schema modes compared to the other groups, except for the ‘Happy Child’ and ‘Healthy Adult’ schema modes, which were most prevalent in healthy controls. Regression analyses revealed that schema modes such as ‘Angry Child’ and ‘Enraged Child’, as well as early maladaptive schemas like ‘Emotional Inhibition’, ‘Emotional Deprivation’, ‘Enmeshment’, ‘Subjugation’, ‘Self-Punitiveness’ and ‘Defectiveness/Shame’, accounted for 85% of the variance in emotion dysregulation. Additionally, schema modes including ‘Vulnerable Child’, ‘Demanding Parent’ and ‘Healthy Adult’, along with early maladaptive schemas such as ‘Pessimism’, ‘Emotional Inhibition’, ‘Failure’ and ‘Self-Sacrifice’, explained 74% of the variance in impulsivity. These findings highlight robust associations between early maladaptive schemas/schema modes and core symptoms in ADHD-BPD comorbidity, suggesting that Schema Therapy may be particularly beneficial for this population. The study underscores the importance of distinguishing patients with ADHD-BPD from those with BPD alone, as comorbid individuals may encounter greater challenges in therapy, such as increased difficulties with adherence and homework completion. Future research should examine the effectiveness of Schema Therapy in addressing emotion dysregulation and impulsivity among these patients.

Childhood maltreatment increases the risk of drug dependency by affecting emotion regulation. However, the relationship between childhood maltreatment, emotion regulation, rumination and impulsive behaviour remains unclear. This study examined the mediating role of rumination and impulsivity in the relationship between childhood maltreatment and emotion regulation among methamphetamine-dependent inpatients (MDIs). A total of 592 male MDIs were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Participants provided sociodemographic information and completed assessments using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF), Nolen-Hoeksema Ruminative Responses Scale (NH-RRS), SUPPS-P Impulsivity Behaviour Scale (SUPPS-P) and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DER). Of the 592 inpatients, 56.4% reported experiencing childhood maltreatment. Compared to nonmaltreated patients, those who experienced childhood maltreatment were more likely to be unmarried, have hypertension, exhibit greater self-motivation for detoxification, and report higher levels of suicidal ideation. They also demonstrated poorer emotion regulation. Additionally, rumination mediated the relationship between childhood maltreatment and impaired emotion regulation. Our findings suggest a significant association between childhood maltreatment and impaired emotion regulation in MDIs, with rumination serving as a key mediator of this relationship.