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Problems of waste rock formation during mining of Western Donbass coal reserves: state-of-the-art and solutions 顿巴斯西部煤矿开采过程中的废石形成问题:现状与解决方案
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.33271/crpnmu/71.079
M. Petlovanyi, K. Sai, O. Stoliarska
Purpose. The research purpose is to analyze and generalize the problems of waste rock accumulation, as well as to determine the directions for their possible solution in order to improve the ecological-economic conditions for mining coal reserves in the Western Donbass. Methods. A comprehensive scientific-methodological approach is used, which consists in studying regional accounts on the state of the environment, data from the register of waste disposal sites in the Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, peculiarities of placement of dumps according to the Google Earth program and collected mine data. To study the feasibility of processing dumps, a SWOT-analysis is used, as well as the analysis of existing technologies for processing the rock mass from waste dumps, based on foreign and domestic experience. Findings. Nine rock dumps have been identified, formed as a result of the functioning of the Western Donbass coal mines, where almost 130 million tons of waste rocks have been accumulated on an area of about 190 hectares. It is noted that the reclamation of disturbed lands as the main means of rock utilization is insufficient. Based on a thorough analysis of the SWOT-analysis results, a strategic direction for processing has been determined – the use of rock mass as a raw material for construction (materials and roads) with accompanying extraction of coal, aluminum and iron. The existing technologies for the processing of waste rocks have been systematized. It has been determined that the largest scaling of waste dump processing in the Western Donbass mines can be achieved with a combination of mechanical-chemical methods, among which gravity and magnetic beneficiation methods, mechanical grinding and chemical leaching are priority. Originality. The mechanisms for handling coal waste from coal mines in the Western Donbass have been determined to solve ecological-economic problems associated with their accumulation. Practical implications. The research results reveal possible ways of solving the problems of waste rock accumulation in the Western Donbass mines, which makes ecological and economic sense.
目的。研究的目的是分析和总结废石堆积问题,并确定可能的解决方向,以改善顿巴斯西部煤炭储量开采的生态经济条件。方法。采用全面的科学方法,其中包括研究区域环境状况,第聂伯罗彼得罗夫斯克州废物处理场登记册的数据,根据谷歌地球程序和收集的矿山数据放置垃圾场的特点。为了研究排土场处理的可行性,本文在借鉴国内外经验的基础上,采用swot分析法,并对现有的排土场岩体处理技术进行了分析。发现。已经确定了九个岩石堆,它们是由于西顿巴斯煤矿的运作而形成的,在那里大约190公顷的面积上积累了近1.3亿吨废石。指出以扰动地复垦作为岩石利用的主要手段是不够的。在对swot分析结果进行深入分析的基础上,确定了加工的战略方向——利用岩体作为建筑(材料和道路)的原材料,同时开采煤、铝和铁。现有的废石处理技术已被系统化。确定了采用机械-化学相结合的方法可实现顿巴斯西部矿山排土场最大规模的处理,其中重磁选选、机械磨矿和化学浸出是优先选择。创意。已经确定了处理顿巴斯西部煤矿的煤矸石的机制,以解决与它们的积累有关的生态经济问题。实际意义。研究结果揭示了解决顿巴斯西部矿山废石堆积问题的可能途径,具有生态和经济意义。
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引用次数: 1
Methods of creating a conveyor lift route in a deep pit 深坑输送机提升路线的建立方法
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.33271/crpnmu/71.029
O. Аnisimov, O. Ivanyk
Purpose. Improving the technology of stripping and schemes for creating a steep trench in a deep pit makes it possible to create new cargo flows and develop mining operations. The purpose of the research work is to determine a more attractive scheme for the formation of the conveyor route. The paper compares two technological schemes: the creation of a steep half-trench to the lower horizons with the hilling of rocks and the formation of a working in the rocks in the form of a trench. The above purpose of the work is to substantiate an effective scheme for creating a steep trench for the subsequent placement of a conveyor stack on its base. This will allow moving the rock mass from the lower horizons to the upper ones at a lower cost. The considered schemes for creating the steep trench allowed it possible to determine the volume of preparatory work, the most attractive scheme for creating an inclined working during opening lower horizons in the conditions of the operating open pit of Poltava GOK, which makes it possible to reduce the use of dump trucks inside the open pit. The methods. The method of vertical sections was used for the calculation of the volumes of run-off-mine during the formation of the trench. A geographic information system (GIS), and a software package K-MINE was used for research. The method of comparing the scope of work and creating a conveyor route by options allowed to determine the most appropriate way of doing work. Findings. The parameters of a steep trench and half-trench were studied, including the established scope of work within the steep layers of the western side of the PGOK open pit. Opening with steep trenches allows for the placement of an existing elevator with the placement of a crushing and transfer station containing a mobile crusher from KRUPP. Implementing the scheme with a steep trench in the rocks, the scope of work is 79.555 thousand m3. For the construction of a half-trench, the amount of work is 733,887 thousand m3. Building capital trenches and semi-tranches in the conditions of the open pit of the Poltava Mining and Processing Plant, preference is given to semi-trenches, which are created from rocks (without drilling and blasting). The originality. The options and parameters for creating steep trenches for further placement of a conveyor stack on its base are considered. The scheme for moving the rock mass from the lower horizons to the upper ones has been improved, graphical dependencies of the scope of work have been established, and a comparison of technical indicators has been made for creating a steep trench and a half-trench. Practical implimintation. The considered schemes for creating a steep trench allowed to determine the volume of preparatory work, to establish the most attractive scheme for the creation of an inclined work in opening the lower horizons in the conditions of the active open pit of the Poltava GOK, what makes it possible to reduce the use of dump trucks inside the open p
目的。改进剥离技术和在深坑中制造陡沟的方案,使创造新的货物流和发展采矿作业成为可能。研究工作的目的是确定一种更有吸引力的输送机路线形成方案。本文比较了两种技术方案:用岩石的隆起在较低的地平线上创造一个陡峭的半沟和在岩石中以沟槽的形式形成一个工作。上述工作的目的是证实一个有效的方案,以创造一个陡峭的沟槽,以便随后在其基础上放置一个输送机堆栈。这样就可以以较低的成本将岩体从较低的地平线移到较高的地平线。在Poltava GOK露天开采条件下,最具吸引力的方案是在打开较低的视界时创造一个倾斜的工作,这可以减少露天开采中自卸卡车的使用。的方法。采用垂直剖面法计算了沟槽形成过程中矿井径流的体积。利用地理信息系统(GIS)和K-MINE软件包进行研究。通过比较工作范围和创建输送机路线的方法,可以确定最合适的工作方式。发现。研究了陡沟和半沟的参数,包括在PGOK露天矿西侧陡层内确定的工作范围。打开陡峭的沟槽,允许放置现有的电梯,放置破碎和中转站,其中包含来自克虏伯的移动破碎机。实施岩中陡沟方案,工程范围为7955.5万m3。半沟施工,工程量为73388.7万m3。在波尔塔瓦采矿和加工厂露天开采的条件下,建造基本壕和半壕时,优先考虑半壕,半壕是由岩石形成的(不钻孔和爆破)。的创意。考虑了为进一步在其基础上放置输送机堆栈而创建陡峭沟槽的选项和参数。改进了将岩体从较低的水平移到较高的水平的方案,建立了工作范围的图示依赖关系,并比较了建立陡沟和半沟的技术指标。实际implimintation。考虑创建一个陡峭的沟槽的方案,可以确定准备工作的数量,在Poltava GOK的活动露天矿场的条件下,建立一个最具吸引力的方案,以创建一个倾斜的工作,打开较低的视野,这使得有可能减少露天矿场内自卸卡车的使用,并改进移动岩体的方案。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of technological approaches and development experience of Kryvbass tailings 克雷夫巴斯尾矿的工艺途径及开发经验分析
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.33271/crpnmu/71.053
S. Joukov, Ju Hryhoriev, S. Lutsenko
Purpose. Complication of the conditions of conducting open-pit mining operations and complex external factors will certainly lead to the deterioration of technical and economic indicators of deposit development in the future. The complex development of deposits is one of the promising options for correcting this situation, and the purposeful formation and development of man-made deposits is the main way of expanding the mineral and raw material base of Kryvbas. The purpose of this work is to generalize the experience of developing Kryvbas tailings and theoretical approaches to the formation of schemes for complex mechanization of their processing for the further creation of a scientific basis for the expansion of the raw material base of the Kryvorizka mining complex. Methodology. The work uses the methods of analysis and synthesis of literary sources of information when assessing the state of complex development of deposits in the Kryvyi Rih region, retrospective analysis of project decisions regarding PRJSC "Central GZK", engineering analysis - when assessing the schemes of complex mechanization of tailings storage facility. Results. The analysis of scientific sources was carried out and the state of complex development of deposits of Kryvbas was assessed. Accumulated volumes of magnetite quartzite dressing waste have been determined. The experience of the development of man-made deposits of the alluvial type was analyzed, during the design analysis the most appropriate schemes of complex mechanization and the parameters of the tailings storage development system were identified. Scientific novelty. The conducted retrospective and engineering analysis of design solutions made it possible to identify the most effective schemes for complex mechanization of tailings disposal. As the most expedient in the conditions of PRSC "Central GZK" was chosen a scheme using a dredger with subsequent transportation of man-made raw materials to the pulp farm. Practical significance. The results of the performed research can be used by design organizations and mining enterprises when designing the formation and development of tailings storage facilities.
目的。露天采矿作业条件的复杂性和外部因素的复杂性必然会导致未来矿床开发技术经济指标的恶化。矿床的复杂开发是纠正这种情况的有希望的选择之一,有目的地形成和开发人工矿床是扩大克里夫巴斯矿物和原料基础的主要途径。这项工作的目的是总结开发克里夫巴斯尾矿的经验和制定其加工复杂机械化计划的理论方法,以便进一步为扩大克里沃里兹卡采矿综合体的原料基地奠定科学基础。方法。这项工作在评估克里维伊里地区复杂的矿床开发状况时使用了分析和综合文献资料来源的方法,对有关PRJSC“中央GZK”的项目决定进行回顾性分析,在评估尾矿储存设施复杂机械化方案时进行工程分析。结果。对科学来源进行了分析,并对克雷夫巴斯矿床的复杂发育状况进行了评价。已测定了磁铁矿石英岩选矿废料的累积体积。分析了冲积型人工堆积厂的开发经验,在设计分析中确定了最适宜的综合机械化方案和尾矿库开发系统参数。科学的新奇。通过对设计方案的回顾和工程分析,可以确定复杂的尾矿机械化处置的最有效方案。在PRSC“Central GZK”的条件下,选择了最有利的方案,使用挖泥船,随后将人造原料运输到纸浆场。现实意义。研究结果可供设计机构和矿山企业在设计尾矿库设施的形成和发展时使用。
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引用次数: 0
Study of colour change factors for some varieties of gems 某些宝石品种颜色变化因素的研究
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.33271/crpnmu/71.170
S. Shevchenko, I. Tkachuk
Purpose. To explain the main factors of color transformations on specific samples of precious stones with a change in color, as well as their synthetic analogues and imitations. Methods. The work uses X-ray fluorescence analysis, as well as general scientific methods of research –empirical and theoretical (analysis, generalization, comparison, explanation). During the research, lamps with different light spectra (different color temperatures) were used: an incandescent lamp, a yellow diode lamp, a special gemological lamp. Findings. The content and concentration of chromophore ions were determined for samples of precious stones and their imitations with color changes, namely alexandrite, chrysoberyl, sultanite, Malaya garnet, garnets with color changes, as well as synthetic corundum and alexite (glass). The influence of the concentration ratio of chromophore ions on the color of alexandrites and garnets with color change is shown. Color change for anisotropic stones with pleochroism is shown. The colors of anisotropic stones along the crystallographic axes were studied –two colors for uniaxial stones and three – for biaxial stones. The originality. The change in color of the studied samples from the department's collection under the influence of four sources of illumination: daylight, an incandescent lamp, a yellow diode lamp, and a special gemological lamp was demonstrated. Chromatic charts are constructed with different color temperatures and wavelengths for each light source. It is shown that when the color temperature of light sources increases, the wavelengths of light in all samples, except for alexandrite, decrease. Practical implementation. The data presented in the article demonstrate specific examples of the influence of factors on the change in the color of precious stones and provide an opportunity for additional explanations of this phenomenon for specialists, as well as expand its understanding by direct consumers of relevant services on the market. It is shown that with the gradual replacement of incandescent lamps with modern diode lamps, garnets with color changes and synthetic corundum "under alexandrite" will be in the most "losing" situation - their colors will be closer to each other and will hardly show strong changes. At the same time, such an artificial material as alexite (which is passed off as sultanite, in particular) will attract the attention of even uninformed buyers due to a sharp change in color, while the colors will almost match under such opposite sources as daylight and an incandescent lamp.
目的。解释特定宝石样品颜色变化的主要因素,以及它们的合成类似物和仿制品。方法。这项工作使用x射线荧光分析,以及一般的科学研究方法-实证和理论(分析,概括,比较,解释)。在研究过程中,使用了不同光谱(不同色温)的灯:白炽灯,黄色二极管灯,特殊的宝石灯。发现。对变色宝石及其仿制品,即变绿石、金绿宝石、苏丹石、马来亚石榴石、变色石榴石、合成刚玉、alexite(玻璃)等样品的发色团离子含量和浓度进行了测定。研究了发色团离子浓度对变色变绿石和石榴石颜色的影响。显示了具有多色性的各向异性宝石的颜色变化。研究了各向异性晶体沿结晶轴的颜色,单轴晶体为两种颜色,双轴晶体为三种颜色。的创意。研究人员演示了该部门收集的样品在四种光源的影响下的颜色变化:日光、白炽灯、黄色二极管灯和一种特殊的宝石灯。色度图是用不同的色温和波长为每个光源构建的。结果表明,随着光源色温的升高,除亚历山大变石外,所有样品的光波长都减小。实际的实现。文章中提供的数据展示了影响宝石颜色变化的因素的具体例子,并为专家提供了进一步解释这一现象的机会,并扩大了市场上相关服务的直接消费者的理解。研究表明,随着现代二极管灯逐渐取代白炽灯,变色的石榴石和“亚历山大石下”的合成刚玉将处于最“失去”的境地——它们的颜色将彼此接近,几乎不会出现强烈的变化。同时,像亚力克石这样的人造材料(尤其是被冒充苏丹石),由于颜色的急剧变化,即使是不知情的买家也会注意到,而在日光和白炽灯等相反的光源下,颜色几乎是匹配的。
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引用次数: 0
To the issue of underground gasification of low-thickness unconditioned coal reserves 对低厚度无条件煤储量地下气化问题进行了探讨
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.33271/crpnmu/71.091
P. Saik, V. Lozynskyi, D. Malachkevych, O. Cherniaіeva
Purpose. Formation of an innovative approach in the rational development of low-thickness unconditioned coal reserves with the establishment of their suitability for underground gasification technology and the study of mass and heat indicators of the gasification process on the example of the mine of PJSC "DTEK Pavlohradvuhillia" named after Heroiv Kosmosu. Methods. The possibility of implementing the technology of in situ underground coal gasification was based on analytical studies. On the basis of the work developed by the professor of the Department of Mining Engineering and Education of "Dnipro University of Technology" Dychkovskyi R.O "Methods for assessing the suitability of reserves for underground coal gasification" established the general coefficient of the suitability of coal reserves for gasification located within the minefield named after Heroiv Kosmosu and are promising for future development. The output parameters of combustible and ballast generator gases, and the chemical and energy efficiency of the gasification process were studied using the "MTB SPGV" software, which passed industrial approval both during laboratory and field tests. Findings. Current issues related to the application of a combination the technologies for the development of low-thickness non-conditional coal reserves, which allow significantly extend the life of the mining enterprise, are highlighted. In particular, after working out the productive areas of coal reserves, the orientation of production is aimed at the processing of reserves at the place of their occurrence by underground gasification technology. Criteria for the suitability of coal reserves were established, which allowed the establishment of the priority of coal seams gasification. Based on the change in the parameters of the fuel mixture, the output of combustible and ballast generator gases was investigated. Originality. It was established that when air and oxygen-enriched blowing is supplied to the underground gas generator, the output volume of combustible generator gases remains the same, the difference lies in the concentration of these gases in the initial mixture. This is due to the high content of nitrogen during air blowing, which does not enter into a chemical reaction with coal, and at temperatures in the reaction channel below 900°C, the output of CO decreases by 25-46%. Practical implications. The conditions of the mine named after Heroiv Kosmosu defined criteria for the suitability of coal for gasification. Two coal seams of the mine c12 and c7top are in conditions of sufficient suitability for underground coal gasification.
目的。以以Heroiv Kosmosu命名的PJSC“DTEK Pavlohradvuhillia”煤矿为例,通过对地下气化技术适用性的确立和气化过程质量和热指标的研究,形成了合理开发低厚度无条件煤储量的创新途径。方法。在分析研究的基础上,提出了煤就地地下气化技术实施的可能性。在“第聂伯罗理工大学”采矿工程与教育系教授Dychkovskyi R.O“地下煤气化储量适宜性评价方法”的基础上,建立了以Heroiv Kosmosu命名的矿区内煤气化储量适宜性的一般系数,该系数具有良好的开发前景。利用“MTB SPGV”软件研究了可燃气体和镇流器发生气体的输出参数,以及气化过程的化学效率和能源效率,该软件在实验室和现场试验中均通过了工业认证。发现。强调了目前与应用综合技术开发低厚度非条件煤储量有关的问题,这些技术可以大大延长采矿企业的寿命。特别是,在确定了煤炭储量的产地后,生产的方向是利用地下气化技术在其赋存地处理储量。建立了煤炭储量适宜性标准,确定了煤层气化优先级。基于燃料混合物参数的变化,研究了可燃气体和镇流器发生气体的输出。创意。建立了在向地下燃气发生炉供气和富氧吹气时,可燃燃气的输出量保持不变,不同之处在于这些气体在初始混合物中的浓度不同。这是由于吹气过程中氮气含量高,不能与煤发生化学反应,在反应通道温度低于900℃时,CO的输出减少了25-46%。实际意义。以Heroiv Kosmosu命名的矿井的条件确定了煤适合气化的标准。c12、c7top两煤层具有充分适宜煤地下气化的条件。
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引用次数: 0
Research and synthesis of the automatic water level control system of the mine water tank according to the criterion of minimizing the dispersion of fluctuations of power consumption 以耗电量波动分散最小为准则的矿井水箱水位自动控制系统的研究与综合
Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.33271/crpnmu/70.146
A. Bublikov, M. Isakova, V. Nadtochyi, D. Zybalov, Yuliya Halchenko, M. Khoroshailov
Practical value. The synthesis method is proposed for the system of automatic control of the water level in the mine reservoir based on the introduction of expert rules, thanks to which the variance of fluctuations in the total power of the pump engines is minimized. Reducing the variance of the change in power over time increases the predictability of the amount of energy consumed for pumping water, and also reduces the amount of time when a significantly increased total power of the pump drives is observed. This makes it possible to reduce specific energy costs for water pumping using the differentiated approach when calculating the cost of electricity.
实用价值。在引入专家规则的基础上,提出了矿井水库水位自动控制系统的综合方法,使水泵发动机总功率波动的方差最小。减少功率随时间变化的方差增加了抽水所消耗的能量的可预测性,也减少了观察到泵驱动总功率显著增加时的时间。这使得在计算电力成本时使用差异化方法降低抽水的特定能源成本成为可能。
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引用次数: 0
Estimation of pollution zones from emissions of industrial enterprises 工业企业排放污染区域估算
Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.33271/crpnmu/70.182
T. Rusakova, O. Zolotko, O. Dolzhenkova, Y. Voitenko
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引用次数: 0
Research and synthesis of the automatic temperature control system of the heat mediumin the cooking boiler for the manufacture of fruit jam 果酱生产用蒸煮锅热媒温度自动控制系统的研究与合成
Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.33271/crpnmu/70.157
A. Bublikov, M. Isakova, V. Nadtochyi, D. Zybalov, Yuliya Halchenko, M. Khoroshailov
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引用次数: 0
Economical-ecological efficiency of usingemulsion explosive in underground ore mining 乳化液炸药在地下矿开采中的经济生态效益
Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.33271/crpnmu/70.022
M. Kononenko, O. Khomenko, I. Myronova, I. Kovalenko
{"title":"Economical-ecological efficiency of usingemulsion explosive in underground ore mining","authors":"M. Kononenko, O. Khomenko, I. Myronova, I. Kovalenko","doi":"10.33271/crpnmu/70.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33271/crpnmu/70.022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10466,"journal":{"name":"Collection of Research Papers of the National Mining University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89297764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Features of the construction of a collector network in difficult topographic conditions by microtunnel 利用微隧道在困难地形条件下构建集热器网络的特点
Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.33271/crpnmu/70.057
N. Zuievska, O. Vovk, L. Shaidetska, E. Shukurlu
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Collection of Research Papers of the National Mining University
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