Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1080/2331205X.2019.1666626
D. Lotan
Abstract Background: Nurses and physicians are longtime complementary professions in the hospital setting, prominent in patient care. The hierarchic relationship between them, by gender and professional status, results in various conflicts. Over the years, the balance of power between the two has shifted: nursing has undergone great development in the professional aspects, while the number of female physicians has increased. The influence of these changes on the nurse’s professional identity and interactions with other medical professionals was studied. Objective: The current study aims to understand how professional identity and the gender of physicians affect the relationship between female nurses and physicians. Design: Female nurses underwent qualitative, semi-structured interviews and responded to hypothetical scenarios describing their interactions with male and female physicians. Setting and participants: Twenty female nurses with at least one year of experience from seven internal medicine departments in a major public hospital in central Israel participated in the study. Methods: Semi-structured in-depth interviews were carried out, including descriptions of conflicts with physicians, and nurses’ responses to hypothetical scenarios with male and female physicians. Explicit and implicit statements as well as anecdotes were analyzed. Results: Nurses tended to define their professional identity in relation to physicians, presenting a united front against the so-called “other,” a distinct “us versus them” divide. They appeared to perceive themselves as superior to physicians, competing with them over their professional importance and prestige. They utilized aggressive and manipulative strategies as means of resolving conflicts with physicians. This was more pronounced with female physicians, who received little to no respect from nurses, and were judged by gender stereotypes, and only gained recognition if they proved themselves worthy of it. Apparently, physicians, and female ones, in particular, shape the professional identity of the nurse through a struggle over influence, authority and public prestige. By so doing, nurses simultaneously undermine and preserve the existing nurse-physician hierarchy. Conclusion: Nursing in hospitals is focused on the structuring professional identity, alongside competition with the female physician over influence, authority and public prestige, which simultaneously undermines and preserves the existing hierarchy. Thus, the nurses’ professional identity is influenced by their interaction with and gender of medical physicians.
{"title":"“Female nurses: Professional identity in question how female nurses perceive their professional identity through their relationships with physicians”","authors":"D. Lotan","doi":"10.1080/2331205X.2019.1666626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2331205X.2019.1666626","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background: Nurses and physicians are longtime complementary professions in the hospital setting, prominent in patient care. The hierarchic relationship between them, by gender and professional status, results in various conflicts. Over the years, the balance of power between the two has shifted: nursing has undergone great development in the professional aspects, while the number of female physicians has increased. The influence of these changes on the nurse’s professional identity and interactions with other medical professionals was studied. Objective: The current study aims to understand how professional identity and the gender of physicians affect the relationship between female nurses and physicians. Design: Female nurses underwent qualitative, semi-structured interviews and responded to hypothetical scenarios describing their interactions with male and female physicians. Setting and participants: Twenty female nurses with at least one year of experience from seven internal medicine departments in a major public hospital in central Israel participated in the study. Methods: Semi-structured in-depth interviews were carried out, including descriptions of conflicts with physicians, and nurses’ responses to hypothetical scenarios with male and female physicians. Explicit and implicit statements as well as anecdotes were analyzed. Results: Nurses tended to define their professional identity in relation to physicians, presenting a united front against the so-called “other,” a distinct “us versus them” divide. They appeared to perceive themselves as superior to physicians, competing with them over their professional importance and prestige. They utilized aggressive and manipulative strategies as means of resolving conflicts with physicians. This was more pronounced with female physicians, who received little to no respect from nurses, and were judged by gender stereotypes, and only gained recognition if they proved themselves worthy of it. Apparently, physicians, and female ones, in particular, shape the professional identity of the nurse through a struggle over influence, authority and public prestige. By so doing, nurses simultaneously undermine and preserve the existing nurse-physician hierarchy. Conclusion: Nursing in hospitals is focused on the structuring professional identity, alongside competition with the female physician over influence, authority and public prestige, which simultaneously undermines and preserves the existing hierarchy. Thus, the nurses’ professional identity is influenced by their interaction with and gender of medical physicians.","PeriodicalId":10470,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Medicine","volume":"191 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74783155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1080/2331205X.2019.1600211
Natalia Pelet-Del-Toro, Ediel O. Ramos-Meléndez, Omar García-Rodríguez, J. Mejías, Pablo G Rodríguez-Ortiz
Abstract This study evaluates morbidity and mortality patterns of 2,093 pedestrian injuries at the Puerto Rico Trauma Hospital during 2000–2014 by age. Most were male between the ages of 35–64, with the highest occurrence of injuries during 8pm-4am. The most common injury was lower extremity injuries (46.6%), followed by intracranial injuries (35.5%), except in the youngest age group where the opposite pattern was observed. Pedestrians in the 65–74 and 75–84 age groups had a greater proportion of upper extremity fractures (31.1% and 32.7%, respectively) and those in the 55–64 and 65–74 groups had a higher proportion of lower extremity fractures (43.8%), compared to the youngest group. Hepatic injuries (13.4%) commonly affected subjects <16 years, whereas older patients frequently sustained rib, sternum, larynx and trachea fractures. Compared to the youngest group, the risk of death increased 14-fold (95%CI: 5.90, 33.18) and 24.6-fold (95%CI: 8.10, 74.41) in those aged 65–74 and older than 84, respectively. Given these findings, implementing pedestrian safety legislation, educational programs, urban planning and preventive measures must be tailored to the needs of each age group.
{"title":"Morbidity and mortality patterns of pedestrian injuries by age at the Puerto Rico Trauma Hospital from 2000 to 2014","authors":"Natalia Pelet-Del-Toro, Ediel O. Ramos-Meléndez, Omar García-Rodríguez, J. Mejías, Pablo G Rodríguez-Ortiz","doi":"10.1080/2331205X.2019.1600211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2331205X.2019.1600211","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study evaluates morbidity and mortality patterns of 2,093 pedestrian injuries at the Puerto Rico Trauma Hospital during 2000–2014 by age. Most were male between the ages of 35–64, with the highest occurrence of injuries during 8pm-4am. The most common injury was lower extremity injuries (46.6%), followed by intracranial injuries (35.5%), except in the youngest age group where the opposite pattern was observed. Pedestrians in the 65–74 and 75–84 age groups had a greater proportion of upper extremity fractures (31.1% and 32.7%, respectively) and those in the 55–64 and 65–74 groups had a higher proportion of lower extremity fractures (43.8%), compared to the youngest group. Hepatic injuries (13.4%) commonly affected subjects <16 years, whereas older patients frequently sustained rib, sternum, larynx and trachea fractures. Compared to the youngest group, the risk of death increased 14-fold (95%CI: 5.90, 33.18) and 24.6-fold (95%CI: 8.10, 74.41) in those aged 65–74 and older than 84, respectively. Given these findings, implementing pedestrian safety legislation, educational programs, urban planning and preventive measures must be tailored to the needs of each age group.","PeriodicalId":10470,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Medicine","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79988866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1080/2331205X.2019.1635806
Banuja Balachandran, Y. Yuana
Abstract The decrease in cancer mortality indicates an improvement in cancer treatment and management. One strategy that has been a focus in cancer treatment is development of drug delivery systems (DDS). Lipid-based nanoparticles (e.g. liposomes or micelles) has been used in current DDS as vehicles to transport active molecules. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), a new player in DDS, consist of lipid and thus, can be categorized as lipid-based nanoparticles. EVs are derived from cells and harbour various targeting molecules from their origin cells. Therefore, EVs are not foreign to the host immune system and may be more effective and efficient than other synthetic nanoparticles to target solid tumours with a minimum adverse effect, providing an exciting alternative for lipid-based DDS. Active molecules can be loaded into EV endogenously by exposing cells with active molecules to generate EVs carrying these molecules, or exogenous loading using physical or chemical methods. In this review, we summarise the recent developments of EV-based DDS where the choice of donor cells, drug cargo, loading methods, and administration routes are discussed. Further, consideration of the bioavailability and biodistribution of EVs, as well as current challenges concerning the potential biosafety issue and standardized up-scale production of EVs are highlighted.
{"title":"Extracellular vesicles-based drug delivery system for cancer treatment","authors":"Banuja Balachandran, Y. Yuana","doi":"10.1080/2331205X.2019.1635806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2331205X.2019.1635806","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The decrease in cancer mortality indicates an improvement in cancer treatment and management. One strategy that has been a focus in cancer treatment is development of drug delivery systems (DDS). Lipid-based nanoparticles (e.g. liposomes or micelles) has been used in current DDS as vehicles to transport active molecules. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), a new player in DDS, consist of lipid and thus, can be categorized as lipid-based nanoparticles. EVs are derived from cells and harbour various targeting molecules from their origin cells. Therefore, EVs are not foreign to the host immune system and may be more effective and efficient than other synthetic nanoparticles to target solid tumours with a minimum adverse effect, providing an exciting alternative for lipid-based DDS. Active molecules can be loaded into EV endogenously by exposing cells with active molecules to generate EVs carrying these molecules, or exogenous loading using physical or chemical methods. In this review, we summarise the recent developments of EV-based DDS where the choice of donor cells, drug cargo, loading methods, and administration routes are discussed. Further, consideration of the bioavailability and biodistribution of EVs, as well as current challenges concerning the potential biosafety issue and standardized up-scale production of EVs are highlighted.","PeriodicalId":10470,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Medicine","volume":"180 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85601273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1080/2331205X.2019.1582399
S. Nyenhuis, N. Shah, Jun Ma, David X. Marquez, JoEllen Wilbur, Adithya Cattamanchi, Lisa K. Sharp
Abstract Objective: African American Women (AAW) are disproportionately impacted by both physical inactivity and asthma. The aims of this study were to: 1) understand barriers to physical activity among AAW with asthma; 2) obtain feedback from AAW on an evidence-based walking intervention; and 3) modify the intervention using input from AAW with asthma. Methods: Focus groups and interviews were conducted with sedentary AAW with uncontrolled asthma to identify barriers to walking. Women also suggestions for tailoring an existing walking intervention. Qualitative data were coded using domains from the Behavior Change Wheel and guided modifications of the existing walking intervention to tailor the content for sedentary AAW with asthma. Results: Six focus groups (2–4 /group) and five interviews were completed. Women (n = 20) represented an obese (37 kg/m2 ± 11), middle-aged (46 years ± 15) and low-income population. Barriers to physical activity were mapped to 8 theoretical domains: 1) Limited physical capability; 2) Lack of knowledge; 3) Lack of self-monitoring skills; 4) Complex decision making processes; 5) Lack of areas to walk; 6) Lack of social support; 7) Beliefs about consequences; 8) Beliefs about capability. To target these barriers, the existing walking intervention was modified to include an asthma education session, text messages, monthly group meetings, a walking session and informational materials. Conclusion: AAW with asthma reported unique barriers to engaging in physical activity. An assessment of the feasibility, acceptability and efficacy of a modified intervention that addresses these barriers is warranted to address physical inactivity and poor asthma outcomes among AAW with asthma.
{"title":"Identifying barriers to physical activity among African American women with asthma","authors":"S. Nyenhuis, N. Shah, Jun Ma, David X. Marquez, JoEllen Wilbur, Adithya Cattamanchi, Lisa K. Sharp","doi":"10.1080/2331205X.2019.1582399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2331205X.2019.1582399","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective: African American Women (AAW) are disproportionately impacted by both physical inactivity and asthma. The aims of this study were to: 1) understand barriers to physical activity among AAW with asthma; 2) obtain feedback from AAW on an evidence-based walking intervention; and 3) modify the intervention using input from AAW with asthma. Methods: Focus groups and interviews were conducted with sedentary AAW with uncontrolled asthma to identify barriers to walking. Women also suggestions for tailoring an existing walking intervention. Qualitative data were coded using domains from the Behavior Change Wheel and guided modifications of the existing walking intervention to tailor the content for sedentary AAW with asthma. Results: Six focus groups (2–4 /group) and five interviews were completed. Women (n = 20) represented an obese (37 kg/m2 ± 11), middle-aged (46 years ± 15) and low-income population. Barriers to physical activity were mapped to 8 theoretical domains: 1) Limited physical capability; 2) Lack of knowledge; 3) Lack of self-monitoring skills; 4) Complex decision making processes; 5) Lack of areas to walk; 6) Lack of social support; 7) Beliefs about consequences; 8) Beliefs about capability. To target these barriers, the existing walking intervention was modified to include an asthma education session, text messages, monthly group meetings, a walking session and informational materials. Conclusion: AAW with asthma reported unique barriers to engaging in physical activity. An assessment of the feasibility, acceptability and efficacy of a modified intervention that addresses these barriers is warranted to address physical inactivity and poor asthma outcomes among AAW with asthma.","PeriodicalId":10470,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Medicine","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81664474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1080/2331205X.2019.1582576
I. Crezee, Cynthia E. Roat
Abstract This study describes the Bilingual Patient Navigator Program at Seattle Children’s Hospital, comparing the Navigator’s role to that of the professional interpreters also provided by the hospital. The study uses individual and group interviews to investigate why the bilingual patient navigators have been more effective than interpreters alone in impacting no-show rates, number of unplanned hospitalizations, average length of stay, and staff/family confidence in the family’s ability to care for the patient at home among families who were previously experiencing difficulty navigating the healthcare system. Critical differences were found to be the navigator’s freedom to build trust with a patient’s family over time, to point out missed inferences, to restate physician speech into plain language, to alert providers to barriers to implementation of treatment plans, and to teach families basic skills such as preparing for a medical appointment and how to talk with doctors. Implications for healthcare systems serving LEP patients are discussed and further research suggested.
{"title":"Bilingual patient navigator or healthcare interpreter: What’s the difference and why does it matter?","authors":"I. Crezee, Cynthia E. Roat","doi":"10.1080/2331205X.2019.1582576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2331205X.2019.1582576","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study describes the Bilingual Patient Navigator Program at Seattle Children’s Hospital, comparing the Navigator’s role to that of the professional interpreters also provided by the hospital. The study uses individual and group interviews to investigate why the bilingual patient navigators have been more effective than interpreters alone in impacting no-show rates, number of unplanned hospitalizations, average length of stay, and staff/family confidence in the family’s ability to care for the patient at home among families who were previously experiencing difficulty navigating the healthcare system. Critical differences were found to be the navigator’s freedom to build trust with a patient’s family over time, to point out missed inferences, to restate physician speech into plain language, to alert providers to barriers to implementation of treatment plans, and to teach families basic skills such as preparing for a medical appointment and how to talk with doctors. Implications for healthcare systems serving LEP patients are discussed and further research suggested.","PeriodicalId":10470,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Medicine","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90703922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1080/2331205X.2019.1623000
M. Abdelaziz
Abstract Endoclip is currently the preferred tool for endoscopic hemostasis in many endoscopic units. But, due to some technical limitations of endoclip and success of hemostatic forceps in hemostasis during endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), we aimed to study the efficiency and safety of hemostatic forceps in treating various causes of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. Retrospectively, we reviewed the files of patients treated in Al-ahsa hospital endoscopy unit during the period from 1 January 2018 to 30 November 2018. We enrolled 33 patients with GI bleeding that necessitate endoscopic treatment. During hemostatic forceps use, the blood was washed out using a water-jet-equipped, single-channel gastroscope. The bleeding points were pinched and gently retracted with hemostatic forceps. Monopolar electrocoagulation was performed using an electrosurgical current generator. Three patients suffered from post-sphincterotomy bleeding that treated initially with hemostatic forceps with 100% primary hemostasis without complications. Fifteen patients were treated with endoclipping with 100% primary hemostasis and two patients (13%) had rebleeding. The procedure duration was 8.53 ± 3.58 min. Hemostatic forceps was used as a primary tool for hemostasis in another 15 patients with achieved hemostasis in all patients without any subsequent complications. The procedure duration was 5.27 ± 2.05 min (P = 0.005). In conclusion, hemostatic forceps can be an effective, fast, as well as safe alternative approach for GI bleeding of various origins.
摘要内镜内夹是目前许多内镜单位首选的内镜止血工具。但是，由于内镜粘膜下剥离术(ESD)中，由于内镜内夹的技术限制以及止血钳在止血中的成功，我们的目的是研究止血钳在治疗各种原因的胃肠道出血中的有效性和安全性。回顾性地，我们回顾了2018年1月1日至2018年11月30日期间在Al-ahsa医院内窥镜检查部门治疗的患者档案。我们招募了33例需要内镜治疗的消化道出血患者。在使用止血钳期间，使用配备喷水的单通道胃镜将血液冲洗出来。用止血钳捏住出血点，轻轻缩回。单极电凝使用电外科电流发生器进行。3例患者出现括约肌切开术后出血，最初使用止血钳治疗，100%原发性止血，无并发症。15例患者接受内夹治疗，100%原发性止血，2例(13%)再次出血。手术时间为8.53±3.58 min。另外15例患者使用止血钳作为主要止血工具，所有患者均成功止血，无后续并发症。手术时间为5.27±2.05 min (P = 0.005)。总之，止血钳对于各种原因的消化道出血是一种有效、快速、安全的替代方法。
{"title":"Hemostatic forceps in various gastrointestinal bleeding scenarios: A single center comparative study with endoclip","authors":"M. Abdelaziz","doi":"10.1080/2331205X.2019.1623000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2331205X.2019.1623000","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Endoclip is currently the preferred tool for endoscopic hemostasis in many endoscopic units. But, due to some technical limitations of endoclip and success of hemostatic forceps in hemostasis during endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), we aimed to study the efficiency and safety of hemostatic forceps in treating various causes of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. Retrospectively, we reviewed the files of patients treated in Al-ahsa hospital endoscopy unit during the period from 1 January 2018 to 30 November 2018. We enrolled 33 patients with GI bleeding that necessitate endoscopic treatment. During hemostatic forceps use, the blood was washed out using a water-jet-equipped, single-channel gastroscope. The bleeding points were pinched and gently retracted with hemostatic forceps. Monopolar electrocoagulation was performed using an electrosurgical current generator. Three patients suffered from post-sphincterotomy bleeding that treated initially with hemostatic forceps with 100% primary hemostasis without complications. Fifteen patients were treated with endoclipping with 100% primary hemostasis and two patients (13%) had rebleeding. The procedure duration was 8.53 ± 3.58 min. Hemostatic forceps was used as a primary tool for hemostasis in another 15 patients with achieved hemostasis in all patients without any subsequent complications. The procedure duration was 5.27 ± 2.05 min (P = 0.005). In conclusion, hemostatic forceps can be an effective, fast, as well as safe alternative approach for GI bleeding of various origins.","PeriodicalId":10470,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74609187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1080/2331205X.2019.1704607
Haruka Kikuchi-Noguchi, Mie Shiraishi, Masayo Matsuzaki, M. Haruna
Abstract Background: Adequate amounts of physical activity during pregnancy have been recognized to have good effects on fetal growth and prevention of pregnancy complications. Aims: This study aimed to examine physical activity levels in the second trimester of pregnancy according to intensity and type of activity, and to identify factors related to physical activity levels. Methods: We utilized the baseline data of the cohort study for our analysis. These data included records of healthy women in the second trimester, undergoing treatment at a university hospital in Tokyo, between 2010 and 2012. Physical activity levels were assessed using a pregnancy physical activity questionnaire. Demographic variables including age, pre-pregnancy body mass index, parity, working status, and education levels were obtained using a self-administered questionnaire. The Mann–Whitney U test or Kruskal–Wallis test was performed to investigate differences in physical activity levels according to demographic variables. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to identify the related factors to total physical activity levels. Results: A total of 461 women were analyzed. The mean (standard deviation) of total physical activity level was 22.2 (9.6) metabolic equivalents·hour/day. In a multiple linear regression analysis, multigravidae (β = 0.510) and working women (β = 0.334) had significantly higher total physical activity levels. Working multigravidae had more than twice as much total physical activity level as non-working primigravidae. Conclusions: Parity and working status strongly influence on physical activity levels in the second trimester among Japanese women. The results would be useful for healthcare professionals to estimate physical activity levels in consideration of demographic characteristics.
{"title":"Physical activity levels in the second trimester of pregnancy and related demographic factors: A cross-sectional secondary data analysis","authors":"Haruka Kikuchi-Noguchi, Mie Shiraishi, Masayo Matsuzaki, M. Haruna","doi":"10.1080/2331205X.2019.1704607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2331205X.2019.1704607","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background: Adequate amounts of physical activity during pregnancy have been recognized to have good effects on fetal growth and prevention of pregnancy complications. Aims: This study aimed to examine physical activity levels in the second trimester of pregnancy according to intensity and type of activity, and to identify factors related to physical activity levels. Methods: We utilized the baseline data of the cohort study for our analysis. These data included records of healthy women in the second trimester, undergoing treatment at a university hospital in Tokyo, between 2010 and 2012. Physical activity levels were assessed using a pregnancy physical activity questionnaire. Demographic variables including age, pre-pregnancy body mass index, parity, working status, and education levels were obtained using a self-administered questionnaire. The Mann–Whitney U test or Kruskal–Wallis test was performed to investigate differences in physical activity levels according to demographic variables. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to identify the related factors to total physical activity levels. Results: A total of 461 women were analyzed. The mean (standard deviation) of total physical activity level was 22.2 (9.6) metabolic equivalents·hour/day. In a multiple linear regression analysis, multigravidae (β = 0.510) and working women (β = 0.334) had significantly higher total physical activity levels. Working multigravidae had more than twice as much total physical activity level as non-working primigravidae. Conclusions: Parity and working status strongly influence on physical activity levels in the second trimester among Japanese women. The results would be useful for healthcare professionals to estimate physical activity levels in consideration of demographic characteristics.","PeriodicalId":10470,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Medicine","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80076090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1080/2331205X.2019.1622999
Williams Agyemang-Duah, Francis Arthur-Holmes, Augustus Kweku Sobeng, Prince Peprah, Jennifer Mengba Dokbila, E. Asare, J. Okyere
Abstract Mining companies often deliver various health interventions for respective mining enclaves yet, majority of these services often apply a top-down approach with limited community involvement. Thus, this paper explored communities’ satisfaction of health interventions by the Newmont Ghana Gold Limited (NGGL) in Asutifi South and North Districts of Ghana. A descriptive cross-sectional and mixed-method study involving a convenience sample of 145 community members was conducted. Approximately, 60%, 52%, 51% and 52% of the respondents were respectively satisfied with dust suppression measures, health education/awareness creation, malaria control programmes and provision of alternative sources of drinking water by the NGGL. While health promotion and prevention strategies have been helpful, these were far below the expectations of the community members. More importantly, the participants expected to be provided with modern health facilities and opportunity to participate in local institutions’ decision-making process in the delivery of these services. We, therefore, recommend that the NGGL should intensify its efforts towards public health improvement in its enclaves as part of its corporate social responsibility.
{"title":"Corporate social responsibility in public health provision: Community members’ assessment","authors":"Williams Agyemang-Duah, Francis Arthur-Holmes, Augustus Kweku Sobeng, Prince Peprah, Jennifer Mengba Dokbila, E. Asare, J. Okyere","doi":"10.1080/2331205X.2019.1622999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2331205X.2019.1622999","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Mining companies often deliver various health interventions for respective mining enclaves yet, majority of these services often apply a top-down approach with limited community involvement. Thus, this paper explored communities’ satisfaction of health interventions by the Newmont Ghana Gold Limited (NGGL) in Asutifi South and North Districts of Ghana. A descriptive cross-sectional and mixed-method study involving a convenience sample of 145 community members was conducted. Approximately, 60%, 52%, 51% and 52% of the respondents were respectively satisfied with dust suppression measures, health education/awareness creation, malaria control programmes and provision of alternative sources of drinking water by the NGGL. While health promotion and prevention strategies have been helpful, these were far below the expectations of the community members. More importantly, the participants expected to be provided with modern health facilities and opportunity to participate in local institutions’ decision-making process in the delivery of these services. We, therefore, recommend that the NGGL should intensify its efforts towards public health improvement in its enclaves as part of its corporate social responsibility.","PeriodicalId":10470,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Medicine","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79051712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1080/2331205X.2019.1600632
A. Umeda, T. Yamane, T. Mochizuki, Yasushi Inoue, K. Tsushima, K. Miyagawa, Atsumi Mochida, H. Takeda, Y. Okada, K. Fukunaga
Abstract Objective: The Japanese drug use system allowed the “once-daily use” of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) fluticasone furoate (FF) combined with a long acting beta-2 agonist (LABA) vilanterol (VI) against asthma for the first time in 2013. Until then, patients with asthma had to use ICS at least twice-daily. We investigated the real-world efficacy and problems of this drug (FF/VI). Methods: This was an open-label, uncontrolled, within-group time-series (before-after) design. Prior treatments of asthma (twice-daily use of ICS with or without LABA) were switched to once-daily use of FF/VI (200 μg/25 μg). Subjects were evaluated by lung function tests prior to, and 2–3 months after, the initiation of FF/VI. Questions on the asthma control test (ACT) and preference of drugs were asked to patients. Results: One hundred and twenty-eight Japanese asthma outpatients were enrolled from 2014–2018 and 107 subjects completed the study. Peak flow, instantaneous flow at 75% of the forced vital capacity (V75), V50, maximum mid-expiratory flow rate, forced expiratory volume in 1 s, and ACT score in FF/VI-using subjects were significantly increased (all p < 0.01). The percent predicted vital capacity and the inspiratory reserve volume were also increased significantly (all 0.01 < p < 0.05). Ninety-three percent of subjects declared they wanted to continue FF/VI in the future. Adverse effects including hoarseness and/or uncomfortable sensations in the throat were increased (16%). Conclusions: Once-daily use of FF/VI is a potent and effective treatment. Its effect was marked on larger airways and yielded a greater satisfaction in patients despite a higher incidence of local steroid effects.
{"title":"Real-world efficacy and problems of once-daily use of inhaled steroid (fluticasone furoate) combined with long-acting beta-2 agonist (vilanterol) in Japanese patients with asthma","authors":"A. Umeda, T. Yamane, T. Mochizuki, Yasushi Inoue, K. Tsushima, K. Miyagawa, Atsumi Mochida, H. Takeda, Y. Okada, K. Fukunaga","doi":"10.1080/2331205X.2019.1600632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2331205X.2019.1600632","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective: The Japanese drug use system allowed the “once-daily use” of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) fluticasone furoate (FF) combined with a long acting beta-2 agonist (LABA) vilanterol (VI) against asthma for the first time in 2013. Until then, patients with asthma had to use ICS at least twice-daily. We investigated the real-world efficacy and problems of this drug (FF/VI). Methods: This was an open-label, uncontrolled, within-group time-series (before-after) design. Prior treatments of asthma (twice-daily use of ICS with or without LABA) were switched to once-daily use of FF/VI (200 μg/25 μg). Subjects were evaluated by lung function tests prior to, and 2–3 months after, the initiation of FF/VI. Questions on the asthma control test (ACT) and preference of drugs were asked to patients. Results: One hundred and twenty-eight Japanese asthma outpatients were enrolled from 2014–2018 and 107 subjects completed the study. Peak flow, instantaneous flow at 75% of the forced vital capacity (V75), V50, maximum mid-expiratory flow rate, forced expiratory volume in 1 s, and ACT score in FF/VI-using subjects were significantly increased (all p < 0.01). The percent predicted vital capacity and the inspiratory reserve volume were also increased significantly (all 0.01 < p < 0.05). Ninety-three percent of subjects declared they wanted to continue FF/VI in the future. Adverse effects including hoarseness and/or uncomfortable sensations in the throat were increased (16%). Conclusions: Once-daily use of FF/VI is a potent and effective treatment. Its effect was marked on larger airways and yielded a greater satisfaction in patients despite a higher incidence of local steroid effects.","PeriodicalId":10470,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Medicine","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86237793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1080/2331205X.2019.1616356
Nasir Jalal, Jing Wei, Yaxin Jiang, J. Pathak, A. R. Surendranath, Chang Y. Chung
Abstract The carcinogenic capacity of Bisphenol A (BPA) at nano-molar concentrations of 8.73 and 17.47 nM (in culture) was evaluated on both normal breast epithelial cells (MCF-10A) and breast cancer cells (MCF-7). The highest DNA damage was recorded at 6 h and MCF-10A cells showed significant increase of IGF1R protein while mRNA expression was unchanged; however, the converse was true for MCF-7 cells. Homology modeling predicted the structure of SPCA1/2 and indicated BPA binding within catalytic domain. Our data indicated that BPA caused detectable DNA damage, inhibited cellular SPCA1/2 protein which eventually dysregulated Ca2+-dependent IGF1R.
{"title":"Low-dose bisphenol A (BPA)-induced DNA damage and tumorigenic events in MCF-10A cells","authors":"Nasir Jalal, Jing Wei, Yaxin Jiang, J. Pathak, A. R. Surendranath, Chang Y. Chung","doi":"10.1080/2331205X.2019.1616356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2331205X.2019.1616356","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The carcinogenic capacity of Bisphenol A (BPA) at nano-molar concentrations of 8.73 and 17.47 nM (in culture) was evaluated on both normal breast epithelial cells (MCF-10A) and breast cancer cells (MCF-7). The highest DNA damage was recorded at 6 h and MCF-10A cells showed significant increase of IGF1R protein while mRNA expression was unchanged; however, the converse was true for MCF-7 cells. Homology modeling predicted the structure of SPCA1/2 and indicated BPA binding within catalytic domain. Our data indicated that BPA caused detectable DNA damage, inhibited cellular SPCA1/2 protein which eventually dysregulated Ca2+-dependent IGF1R.","PeriodicalId":10470,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Medicine","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87566713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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