Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/2331205X.2021.1911414
Fred Asare, P. Morjaria
Abstract To estimate the prevalence and distribution of uncorrected refractive error among school children in the Bongo District of Ghana. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 12–15-year-old children in eighteen public junior high schools in the Bongo District of Ghana. External and internal eye examinations were conducted while a non–cycloplegic refraction technique was used to determine refractive errors among the children. A total of 1,705 school children were recruited and examined for refractive errors. Their mean age ± SD was 14.1 ± 0.9 years. The prevalence of uncorrected refractive error was 1.8% (95% CI 1.2%—2.5%) with myopia (0.8%; 95% CI 0.5%—1.4%) being the most common, followed by astigmatism (0.6%; 95% CI 0.3%—1.1%) then hyperopia (0.4%; 95% CI 0.2%—0.8%). A multinomial logistic regression revealed that female students had about three times higher risk of having uncorrected refractive error as compared to males after adjusting for age which was statistically significant (ARR: 2.7; 95% CI 1.2-6.3; z = 2.3; P = .02). None of the children with refractive error had correction. Even though the prevalence of uncorrected refractive error in this study is lower than that reported in different parts of the country, none of the children with an error had correction. There is, therefore, the need for other studies to be conducted to further explore the cause of this as well as the varying prevalence of uncorrected refractive errors among children in the northern and southern parts of Ghana.
摘要:评估加纳邦戈地区学童未矫正屈光不正的患病率和分布。在加纳邦戈区18所公立初中的12 - 15岁儿童中进行了一项描述性横断面研究。进行外部和内部眼睛检查，同时使用非睫状体麻痹性屈光技术来确定儿童的屈光不正。总共招募了1705名在校儿童进行屈光不正检查。平均年龄±SD为14.1±0.9岁。未矫正屈光不正的发生率为1.8% (95% CI为1.2%-2.5%)，近视发生率为0.8%;95% CI 0.5%-1.4%)是最常见的，其次是散光(0.6%;95% CI 0.3%-1.1%)，然后是远视(0.4%;95% ci 0.2%-0.8%)。多项逻辑回归显示，在调整年龄后，女学生发生未矫正屈光不正的风险约为男学生的三倍，具有统计学意义(ARR: 2.7;95% ci 1.2-6.3;Z = 2.3;P = .02)。所有屈光不正儿童均未接受矫正。尽管在这项研究中，未矫正的屈光不正的发生率低于全国其他地区的报告，但没有一个有矫正的儿童。因此，有必要进行其他研究，以进一步探讨造成这种情况的原因以及加纳北部和南部儿童中未矫正屈光不正的不同发生率。
{"title":"Prevalence and distribution of uncorrected refractive error among school children in the Bongo District of Ghana","authors":"Fred Asare, P. Morjaria","doi":"10.1080/2331205X.2021.1911414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2331205X.2021.1911414","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract To estimate the prevalence and distribution of uncorrected refractive error among school children in the Bongo District of Ghana. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 12–15-year-old children in eighteen public junior high schools in the Bongo District of Ghana. External and internal eye examinations were conducted while a non–cycloplegic refraction technique was used to determine refractive errors among the children. A total of 1,705 school children were recruited and examined for refractive errors. Their mean age ± SD was 14.1 ± 0.9 years. The prevalence of uncorrected refractive error was 1.8% (95% CI 1.2%—2.5%) with myopia (0.8%; 95% CI 0.5%—1.4%) being the most common, followed by astigmatism (0.6%; 95% CI 0.3%—1.1%) then hyperopia (0.4%; 95% CI 0.2%—0.8%). A multinomial logistic regression revealed that female students had about three times higher risk of having uncorrected refractive error as compared to males after adjusting for age which was statistically significant (ARR: 2.7; 95% CI 1.2-6.3; z = 2.3; P = .02). None of the children with refractive error had correction. Even though the prevalence of uncorrected refractive error in this study is lower than that reported in different parts of the country, none of the children with an error had correction. There is, therefore, the need for other studies to be conducted to further explore the cause of this as well as the varying prevalence of uncorrected refractive errors among children in the northern and southern parts of Ghana.","PeriodicalId":10470,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Medicine","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85448211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/2331205X.2021.2002502
H. Merkeley, Nicholas Sandercock, L. Halchuk, M. Braga, M. Verhovsek
Abstract Hemoglobin Tacoma (Hb Tacoma) results from the substitution of serine for arginine at position 30 in the β-globin chain resulting in instability in vitro, and has been identified with gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), but the role of capillary electrophoresis (CE) has never been reported. Whole blood samples were received from 4 patients for HbA1c testing at McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC) in Hamilton, Canada, and initially analyzed via CE with Sebia Capillarys 2 Flex Piercing instrument using the Hb A1c platform. Specimens were then run on the hemoglobin variant platform and HPLC with additional studies including Hemoglobin H (Hb H) body staining, instability testing and β-globin gene sequencing. Hemoglobin concentrations were within normal reference intervals and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) was normal in most cases. Capillary electropherograms produced on the Hb A1c platform demonstrated a small double peak at the 271–273 mark area running past Hb A2 in all samples. On the variant hemoglobin program, Hb A2 percentage was mildly elevated, and a variant hemoglobin (Hb X) peak at 127–128 marks was identified and quantified at 35–37%, yielding a ratio of Hb A: Hb X of 1.7 to 1. Genetic confirmation was performed in 2 of the 4 cases. This series supports that Hb Tacoma heterozygosity is associated with in vitro instability without significant phenotypic consequences. We report identification of Hb Tacoma using CE and propose that CE with Hb A1c and variant hemoglobin platforms is an effective screening tool for Hb Tacoma.
{"title":"A novel means of identifying hemoglobin Tacoma utilizing capillary electrophoresis with a hemoglobin A1c software platform","authors":"H. Merkeley, Nicholas Sandercock, L. Halchuk, M. Braga, M. Verhovsek","doi":"10.1080/2331205X.2021.2002502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2331205X.2021.2002502","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Hemoglobin Tacoma (Hb Tacoma) results from the substitution of serine for arginine at position 30 in the β-globin chain resulting in instability in vitro, and has been identified with gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), but the role of capillary electrophoresis (CE) has never been reported. Whole blood samples were received from 4 patients for HbA1c testing at McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC) in Hamilton, Canada, and initially analyzed via CE with Sebia Capillarys 2 Flex Piercing instrument using the Hb A1c platform. Specimens were then run on the hemoglobin variant platform and HPLC with additional studies including Hemoglobin H (Hb H) body staining, instability testing and β-globin gene sequencing. Hemoglobin concentrations were within normal reference intervals and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) was normal in most cases. Capillary electropherograms produced on the Hb A1c platform demonstrated a small double peak at the 271–273 mark area running past Hb A2 in all samples. On the variant hemoglobin program, Hb A2 percentage was mildly elevated, and a variant hemoglobin (Hb X) peak at 127–128 marks was identified and quantified at 35–37%, yielding a ratio of Hb A: Hb X of 1.7 to 1. Genetic confirmation was performed in 2 of the 4 cases. This series supports that Hb Tacoma heterozygosity is associated with in vitro instability without significant phenotypic consequences. We report identification of Hb Tacoma using CE and propose that CE with Hb A1c and variant hemoglobin platforms is an effective screening tool for Hb Tacoma.","PeriodicalId":10470,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Medicine","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86590191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/2331205X.2021.1975382
Geoffrey Erem, S. Bugeza, F. Ameda, Caroline Otike, William K Olwit, A. Mubuuke, Cyril Scandhorf, Akisophel Kisolo, M. Kawooya
Abstract Medical exposures to ionizing radiation constitute nearly half of the total radiation exposures from all sources. The higher utilization of imaging services is happening all over the world, Uganda inclusive. We sought to establish the relationship between adult patient anthropometric measurements and computed tomography scan exposure variables. This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted in three selected hospitals performing adult CT scan examinations. A total of 176 adult patients who presented for head, abdominal, cardiac CT—calcium score and cardiac angiogram were recruited in the study. Data was collected using a piloted standardized research protocol for establishing diagnostic reference values. The data collected were weight, height, age and sex with CT scan variables. Data were analyzed using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. This study was also approved by the ethics committee. The key findings showed that the examination, reference and total mAs were associated with significant positive associations with the anthropometric characteristics namely; weight, height and BMI as opposed to sex and age. The findings also revealed that males were generally exposed to higher doses for Head and Cardiac CT studies with females receiving higher doses for abdominal examinations only.
{"title":"Anthropometric and computed tomography scan exposure measurements among adult patients, a hospital-based study","authors":"Geoffrey Erem, S. Bugeza, F. Ameda, Caroline Otike, William K Olwit, A. Mubuuke, Cyril Scandhorf, Akisophel Kisolo, M. Kawooya","doi":"10.1080/2331205X.2021.1975382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2331205X.2021.1975382","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Medical exposures to ionizing radiation constitute nearly half of the total radiation exposures from all sources. The higher utilization of imaging services is happening all over the world, Uganda inclusive. We sought to establish the relationship between adult patient anthropometric measurements and computed tomography scan exposure variables. This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted in three selected hospitals performing adult CT scan examinations. A total of 176 adult patients who presented for head, abdominal, cardiac CT—calcium score and cardiac angiogram were recruited in the study. Data was collected using a piloted standardized research protocol for establishing diagnostic reference values. The data collected were weight, height, age and sex with CT scan variables. Data were analyzed using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. This study was also approved by the ethics committee. The key findings showed that the examination, reference and total mAs were associated with significant positive associations with the anthropometric characteristics namely; weight, height and BMI as opposed to sex and age. The findings also revealed that males were generally exposed to higher doses for Head and Cardiac CT studies with females receiving higher doses for abdominal examinations only.","PeriodicalId":10470,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Medicine","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88376216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-09DOI: 10.1080/2331205X.2021.2008607
Dawit Getachew, Aragaw Eshetie, D. Chekole
Abstract HIV/AIDS continues to be a major public health concern and cause of death in the world. Even though WHO recommended viral load testing as the preferred monitoring approach to diagnose and confirm ARV treatment failure, but in most cases, factors influencing the trend of viral load were not well identified. The main objective of this study was to modeling the change of viral load and identifying its associated factors among HIV positive patients. In this retrospective longitudinal data analysis, data was collected from 287 HIV positive patients registered for ART between January 2017 and June 2019 in Zewditu hospital and unstructured covariance structure was parsimonious for the data. Linear mixed model with different random effect were applied to the data. Linear mixed model with random intercept and slope were selected as a best model to fit the data based on different model selection criteria. The findings of the study revealed that there was a decrement over time in the log VL of patients with HIV on ART. Furthermore, time, baseline CD4 count, WHO clinical stage, functional status of the patient, adherence, smoking status, initial ART Regimen and time interaction with adherence and WHO stage were found to be significant predictors of log VL evolution. Linear mixed model with random intercept and slope were selected to fit the data based on different information criteria. There was a significant variation in log VL of patients at baseline and through ART treatment time. Therefore, patients should take ART regimens with good adherence to decrease their viral load over time.
{"title":"Modeling the longtiudnal change of viral load of HIV positive patients on antiretroviral therapy","authors":"Dawit Getachew, Aragaw Eshetie, D. Chekole","doi":"10.1080/2331205X.2021.2008607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2331205X.2021.2008607","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract HIV/AIDS continues to be a major public health concern and cause of death in the world. Even though WHO recommended viral load testing as the preferred monitoring approach to diagnose and confirm ARV treatment failure, but in most cases, factors influencing the trend of viral load were not well identified. The main objective of this study was to modeling the change of viral load and identifying its associated factors among HIV positive patients. In this retrospective longitudinal data analysis, data was collected from 287 HIV positive patients registered for ART between January 2017 and June 2019 in Zewditu hospital and unstructured covariance structure was parsimonious for the data. Linear mixed model with different random effect were applied to the data. Linear mixed model with random intercept and slope were selected as a best model to fit the data based on different model selection criteria. The findings of the study revealed that there was a decrement over time in the log VL of patients with HIV on ART. Furthermore, time, baseline CD4 count, WHO clinical stage, functional status of the patient, adherence, smoking status, initial ART Regimen and time interaction with adherence and WHO stage were found to be significant predictors of log VL evolution. Linear mixed model with random intercept and slope were selected to fit the data based on different information criteria. There was a significant variation in log VL of patients at baseline and through ART treatment time. Therefore, patients should take ART regimens with good adherence to decrease their viral load over time.","PeriodicalId":10470,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Medicine","volume":"167 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84987447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-04DOI: 10.1080/2331205X.2020.1848781
A. Heinz, András Költő, E. Godeau, V. Ehlinger, C. V. Duin, C. Catunda, Helmut Willems
Session OP1: Oral Presentations (OP-1) Time: Thursday, 3 December 2020: 14:00—15:00 Location: Virtual Presentations ID: 143/OP1: 1 Type 3—Oral Presentation: Case Report (description of case/s with ...
{"title":"What is problematic about binary questions on gender in health surveys – a missing answer analysis","authors":"A. Heinz, András Költő, E. Godeau, V. Ehlinger, C. V. Duin, C. Catunda, Helmut Willems","doi":"10.1080/2331205X.2020.1848781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2331205X.2020.1848781","url":null,"abstract":"Session OP1: Oral Presentations (OP-1) Time: Thursday, 3 December 2020: 14:00—15:00 Location: Virtual Presentations ID: 143/OP1: 1 Type 3—Oral Presentation: Case Report (description of case/s with ...","PeriodicalId":10470,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Medicine","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81733356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1080/2331205X.2020.1795964
C. de Belilovsky, J. Bohbot
Abstract Abstract This study assessed the impacts of an ointment on treatment efficacy, side effects and global tolerance of most common genital diseases. This observational study enrolled symptomatic patients with LS and psoriasis under maintenance therapy (topical steroids); patients with condyloma acuminata treated with liquid nitrogen and/or imiquimod; patients suffering from vulvodynia under multidisciplinary treatment. The tested ointment was added to the usual treatment. Subjective and objective clinical scores, tolerance and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) were evaluated. One hundred patients completed the study: 26 LS, 6 psoriasis, 52 CA and 16 vulvodynia. There were significant reductions in global symptom and clinical scores for LS (−80.61% and −59.20%, respectively, mean follow-up 66 days) and psoriasis (−82.88% and −82.80%, respectively, mean follow-up of 51 days). The DLQI decreased by 40.17% for LS and 76.92% for psoriasis. The use of ointment resulted in low post-treatment scores for CA (Symptom score: 1.92/maximum 50, clinical score: 2.46/24 maximum, mean follow-up of 17 days). Tolerance was good for all except two patients (one CA, one vulvodynia). Our results indicated the daily applications of an ointment improved treatments for lichen sclerosus, psoriasis (symptoms, clinical signs and quality of life) and for condyloma acuminata (reduced healing time) and was well tolerated during vulvodynia.
{"title":"Effects of a topical ointment on responses to treatments used for common genital diseases and on quality of life","authors":"C. de Belilovsky, J. Bohbot","doi":"10.1080/2331205X.2020.1795964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2331205X.2020.1795964","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Abstract This study assessed the impacts of an ointment on treatment efficacy, side effects and global tolerance of most common genital diseases. This observational study enrolled symptomatic patients with LS and psoriasis under maintenance therapy (topical steroids); patients with condyloma acuminata treated with liquid nitrogen and/or imiquimod; patients suffering from vulvodynia under multidisciplinary treatment. The tested ointment was added to the usual treatment. Subjective and objective clinical scores, tolerance and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) were evaluated. One hundred patients completed the study: 26 LS, 6 psoriasis, 52 CA and 16 vulvodynia. There were significant reductions in global symptom and clinical scores for LS (−80.61% and −59.20%, respectively, mean follow-up 66 days) and psoriasis (−82.88% and −82.80%, respectively, mean follow-up of 51 days). The DLQI decreased by 40.17% for LS and 76.92% for psoriasis. The use of ointment resulted in low post-treatment scores for CA (Symptom score: 1.92/maximum 50, clinical score: 2.46/24 maximum, mean follow-up of 17 days). Tolerance was good for all except two patients (one CA, one vulvodynia). Our results indicated the daily applications of an ointment improved treatments for lichen sclerosus, psoriasis (symptoms, clinical signs and quality of life) and for condyloma acuminata (reduced healing time) and was well tolerated during vulvodynia.","PeriodicalId":10470,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88335862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1080/2331205X.2020.1714532
Y. Echizenya, Kazunori Akizuki, Haruka Takayama, K. Nishihara, F. Hoshi
Abstract The study aimed to clarify the life space of older adults who use a day care center, to explore for factors related to life space, and to identify the balance elements related to life space. In a cross-sectional study at a day care center located in Japan, 64 adult day care users were assessed using the Life Space Assessment (LSA), Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Mini-BESTest), Modified Falls Efficacy Scale (MFES), and Stops Walking When Talking test. A correlation analysis between the LSA score and variables and a stepwise multiple regression analysis with the LSA score as the dependent variable and the sub-items of the Mini-BESTest as explanatory variables were performed. The median LSA score was 45.8 (interquartile range: 34–62.8, range: 16–100) points. The LSA score showed a significant correlation with all the sub-items and total scores of the Mini-BESTest and the MFES. Based on the result of the multiple regression analysis, anticipatory postural adjustments (β = 0.31, p = 0.015) and dynamic gait (β = 0.30, p = 0.019) were incorporated into the model (R 2 = 0.28, p < 0.001). The life space of adult day care users is narrow, and the 28.4% variance of life space is explained with anticipatory postural adjustments and dynamic gait.
摘要本研究旨在厘清老年人使用日托中心的生活空间，探索与生活空间相关的因素，识别与生活空间相关的平衡要素。在日本一家日托中心进行的一项横断面研究中，采用生活空间评估(LSA)、迷你平衡评估系统测试(mini - best)、修正跌倒功效量表(MFES)和说话时停止行走测试对64名成年日托使用者进行了评估。对LSA得分与各变量进行相关性分析，并以LSA得分为因变量，Mini-BESTest分项为解释变量进行逐步多元回归分析。LSA得分中位数为45.8分(四分位数范围:34-62.8，范围:16-100)。LSA得分与Mini-BESTest和MFES的所有分项和总分呈显著相关。根据多元回归分析结果，将预期体位调整(β = 0.31, p = 0.015)和动态步态(β = 0.30, p = 0.019)纳入模型(r2 = 0.28, p < 0.001)。成人日托使用者的生活空间狭窄，28.4%的生活空间方差可以用预期的体位调整和动态步态来解释。
{"title":"Characteristics of balance ability related to life space of older adults in a day care center","authors":"Y. Echizenya, Kazunori Akizuki, Haruka Takayama, K. Nishihara, F. Hoshi","doi":"10.1080/2331205X.2020.1714532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2331205X.2020.1714532","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The study aimed to clarify the life space of older adults who use a day care center, to explore for factors related to life space, and to identify the balance elements related to life space. In a cross-sectional study at a day care center located in Japan, 64 adult day care users were assessed using the Life Space Assessment (LSA), Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Mini-BESTest), Modified Falls Efficacy Scale (MFES), and Stops Walking When Talking test. A correlation analysis between the LSA score and variables and a stepwise multiple regression analysis with the LSA score as the dependent variable and the sub-items of the Mini-BESTest as explanatory variables were performed. The median LSA score was 45.8 (interquartile range: 34–62.8, range: 16–100) points. The LSA score showed a significant correlation with all the sub-items and total scores of the Mini-BESTest and the MFES. Based on the result of the multiple regression analysis, anticipatory postural adjustments (β = 0.31, p = 0.015) and dynamic gait (β = 0.30, p = 0.019) were incorporated into the model (R 2 = 0.28, p < 0.001). The life space of adult day care users is narrow, and the 28.4% variance of life space is explained with anticipatory postural adjustments and dynamic gait.","PeriodicalId":10470,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Medicine","volume":"105 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80693238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1080/2331205X.2020.1735682
Naser Mohammad gholi Mezerji, A. Moghimbeigi, Mostafa Eghbalian, M. R. Kopaei
Abstract This study is asystematic review conducted in July, 2017. Related studies were searched in scientific databases of Biomed central, PubMed, Sciencedirect, Science of the Web, and Scopus according to the search method of Cochrane with related keywords since the creation of the desired databases. Among the studies, 4 studies did not achieve any of the outcomes, two studies had achieved all the desired outcomes and one study achieved some of the outcomes. Although, the use of antioxidants has reduced the risk of cancer or improved the patient’s condition in all the studies, these effects are not statistically significant generally.
本研究是于2017年7月进行的一项系统综述。自所需数据库建立以来，按照Cochrane的检索方法，在Biomed central、PubMed、Sciencedirect、Science of the Web、Scopus等科学数据库中检索相关研究。其中有4项研究没有达到任何预期结果，2项研究达到了所有预期结果，1项研究达到了部分预期结果。虽然在所有的研究中，抗氧化剂的使用降低了患癌症的风险或改善了病人的病情，但这些效果在统计上并不显著。
{"title":"Investigating the effect of herbal antioxidants on the process of colon cancer treatment: A systematic review","authors":"Naser Mohammad gholi Mezerji, A. Moghimbeigi, Mostafa Eghbalian, M. R. Kopaei","doi":"10.1080/2331205X.2020.1735682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2331205X.2020.1735682","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study is asystematic review conducted in July, 2017. Related studies were searched in scientific databases of Biomed central, PubMed, Sciencedirect, Science of the Web, and Scopus according to the search method of Cochrane with related keywords since the creation of the desired databases. Among the studies, 4 studies did not achieve any of the outcomes, two studies had achieved all the desired outcomes and one study achieved some of the outcomes. Although, the use of antioxidants has reduced the risk of cancer or improved the patient’s condition in all the studies, these effects are not statistically significant generally.","PeriodicalId":10470,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Medicine","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83734807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1080/2331205X.2020.1786986
S. Haimowitz, Karyn D Ruiz-Cordell, Kathy Joubin, R. Sih-Meynier
Abstract The objective of this study was to gain a greater understanding of shared decision making (SDM) by identifying the behaviors and attitudes of healthcare professionals (HCP) and patients that are associated with varying levels of SDM performance. The study centered on HCP and patient surveys that assessed a participant’s degree of endorsement of SDM favorable behaviors by asking them to predict how they might address a specific decision point in various healthcare interactions. Using quantitative (descriptive analytics, predictive and mixture modeling) and qualitative methods (grounded theory) to analyze the data, SDM skills were quantified in HCP and patient populations, and demographic and attitudinal factors that facilitate or hinder successful implementation of SDM were identified. Distinct HCP profiles (Motivated but Cautious, Insufficiently Engaged, and Pro-Autonomous) and patient profiles (Pro-Paternalistic, Pro-Autonomous, and Unconcerned but Open-Minded) were then defined. By characterizing these distinct profiles and the attitudes and preferences that are associated with one another, these results can be directly utilized by educational providers interested in teaching SDM skills to enable HCPs to individualize their SDM approach based on the recognition of these profiles while also providing the self-assessment needed to modify their own behaviors.
{"title":"A multi-level assessment of shared decision making: An evaluation of clinician and patient attitudes and behaviors and the identification of predictive profiles","authors":"S. Haimowitz, Karyn D Ruiz-Cordell, Kathy Joubin, R. Sih-Meynier","doi":"10.1080/2331205X.2020.1786986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2331205X.2020.1786986","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The objective of this study was to gain a greater understanding of shared decision making (SDM) by identifying the behaviors and attitudes of healthcare professionals (HCP) and patients that are associated with varying levels of SDM performance. The study centered on HCP and patient surveys that assessed a participant’s degree of endorsement of SDM favorable behaviors by asking them to predict how they might address a specific decision point in various healthcare interactions. Using quantitative (descriptive analytics, predictive and mixture modeling) and qualitative methods (grounded theory) to analyze the data, SDM skills were quantified in HCP and patient populations, and demographic and attitudinal factors that facilitate or hinder successful implementation of SDM were identified. Distinct HCP profiles (Motivated but Cautious, Insufficiently Engaged, and Pro-Autonomous) and patient profiles (Pro-Paternalistic, Pro-Autonomous, and Unconcerned but Open-Minded) were then defined. By characterizing these distinct profiles and the attitudes and preferences that are associated with one another, these results can be directly utilized by educational providers interested in teaching SDM skills to enable HCPs to individualize their SDM approach based on the recognition of these profiles while also providing the self-assessment needed to modify their own behaviors.","PeriodicalId":10470,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Medicine","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86996046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1080/2331205X.2020.1711655
Phenphop Phansuea, S. Tangwongchai, T. Rattananupong, V. Lohsoonthorn, S. Lertmaharit
Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of Qigong programme on depression of older adults with mild-moderate depression. The experimental study was conducted at the Public Health Service Centre (PHS) in two randomised districts of Bangkok, Thailand from October to December 2017. This parallel, randomised controlled trial compared the Qigong programme with the usual singing and praying activities among older adults at mild-to-moderate risk of depression. The Qigong programme was based on mind-body exercises incorporate mindful breathing. The intervention group underwent a 3 sessions/week 12-week course of Qigong exercises while the control group participated in singing and praying with the same duration and frequency. The outcome measure was the change in the TGDS from baseline to 12 weeks. Data analysis was conducted using STATA. The outcome data are available for all randomized subjects, all analyses were conducted as intention-to-treat. The Qigong programme was highly significant (−9.88 score points; 95% CI −11.62 to −8.13; p < 0.001) than the control group in reducing depression scores at 12 weeks. Depression score decreased (10.39 score points; 95% CI −11.77 to −9.02; p < 0.001) only in the Qigong group. These findings support the Qigong programme was effective in reducing depression score both in mild and moderate depression community-dwelling older adults. The Qigong programme appears to confer greater improvements than the usual program.
{"title":"Qigong programme among community-dwelling older adults at risk of depression: A randomised controlled study","authors":"Phenphop Phansuea, S. Tangwongchai, T. Rattananupong, V. Lohsoonthorn, S. Lertmaharit","doi":"10.1080/2331205X.2020.1711655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2331205X.2020.1711655","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of Qigong programme on depression of older adults with mild-moderate depression. The experimental study was conducted at the Public Health Service Centre (PHS) in two randomised districts of Bangkok, Thailand from October to December 2017. This parallel, randomised controlled trial compared the Qigong programme with the usual singing and praying activities among older adults at mild-to-moderate risk of depression. The Qigong programme was based on mind-body exercises incorporate mindful breathing. The intervention group underwent a 3 sessions/week 12-week course of Qigong exercises while the control group participated in singing and praying with the same duration and frequency. The outcome measure was the change in the TGDS from baseline to 12 weeks. Data analysis was conducted using STATA. The outcome data are available for all randomized subjects, all analyses were conducted as intention-to-treat. The Qigong programme was highly significant (−9.88 score points; 95% CI −11.62 to −8.13; p < 0.001) than the control group in reducing depression scores at 12 weeks. Depression score decreased (10.39 score points; 95% CI −11.77 to −9.02; p < 0.001) only in the Qigong group. These findings support the Qigong programme was effective in reducing depression score both in mild and moderate depression community-dwelling older adults. The Qigong programme appears to confer greater improvements than the usual program.","PeriodicalId":10470,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Medicine","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76211576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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