Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1080/2331205X.2020.1787694
M. W. Mwangi, L. Tirop, Peter M. Njogu, J. M. Bururia, N. M. Njuguna, E. Mbae
Abstract Objective: Oral dispersible isoniazid 50 mg/pyridoxine 6.25 mg fixed-dose combination (FDC) tablets were formulated for Isoniazid Preventive Therapy in pediatrics weighing less than 5 kg. Significance: The Kenyan clinical market lacks age-appropriate isoniazid/pyridoxine formulations for pediatrics whose dose requirements are catered extemporaneously. The proposed oral dispersible FDC tablets would improve the treatment outcomes of the drug combination by ensuring accurate dosing, reduce pill burden, prolonged shelf life, and circumvent individual drug stock-outs. Method: Nine batches of isoniazid/pyridoxine FDC tablets with an average weight of 125 mg differing in the composition of three superdisintegrants were formulated. Pre-formulation studies were done on the powder blend using Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy before the blend was directly compressed. Pharmaceutical parameters of the tablets were assessed against compendial specifications. Results: Pre-formulation studies showed no predictable incompatibilities between the drugs and excipients. All batches complied with compendial specifications for weight uniformity, hardness and disintegration, while three batches complied with the friability test. Only Batch Nine tablets containing croscarmellose and sodium starch glycolate superdisintegrants in the ratio of 3:5 complied with the assay specification. Batch Nine tablets contained 96% of isoniazid and 95% of pyridoxine complying with the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) 2016 monograph limits of 90–110% and 95–115% of the labelled isoniazid and pyridoxine, respectively. In the in-vitro dissolution studies, 88.7% and 105.3% of isoniazid and pyridoxine contained in Batch Nine tablets dissolved within 30 min complying with the USP 2016 specifications for dissolution test. Conclusion: The isoniazid/pyridoxine FDC incorporating croscarmellose sodium and sodium starch glycolate superdisintegrants was the most successful formulation since the formulated tablets complied with all the evaluated compendial specifications implying potential clinical utility of the formulation.
{"title":"Formulation of dispersible isoniazid/pyridoxine fixed-dose combination tablets for isoniazid preventive therapy in pediatrics","authors":"M. W. Mwangi, L. Tirop, Peter M. Njogu, J. M. Bururia, N. M. Njuguna, E. Mbae","doi":"10.1080/2331205X.2020.1787694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2331205X.2020.1787694","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective: Oral dispersible isoniazid 50 mg/pyridoxine 6.25 mg fixed-dose combination (FDC) tablets were formulated for Isoniazid Preventive Therapy in pediatrics weighing less than 5 kg. Significance: The Kenyan clinical market lacks age-appropriate isoniazid/pyridoxine formulations for pediatrics whose dose requirements are catered extemporaneously. The proposed oral dispersible FDC tablets would improve the treatment outcomes of the drug combination by ensuring accurate dosing, reduce pill burden, prolonged shelf life, and circumvent individual drug stock-outs. Method: Nine batches of isoniazid/pyridoxine FDC tablets with an average weight of 125 mg differing in the composition of three superdisintegrants were formulated. Pre-formulation studies were done on the powder blend using Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy before the blend was directly compressed. Pharmaceutical parameters of the tablets were assessed against compendial specifications. Results: Pre-formulation studies showed no predictable incompatibilities between the drugs and excipients. All batches complied with compendial specifications for weight uniformity, hardness and disintegration, while three batches complied with the friability test. Only Batch Nine tablets containing croscarmellose and sodium starch glycolate superdisintegrants in the ratio of 3:5 complied with the assay specification. Batch Nine tablets contained 96% of isoniazid and 95% of pyridoxine complying with the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) 2016 monograph limits of 90–110% and 95–115% of the labelled isoniazid and pyridoxine, respectively. In the in-vitro dissolution studies, 88.7% and 105.3% of isoniazid and pyridoxine contained in Batch Nine tablets dissolved within 30 min complying with the USP 2016 specifications for dissolution test. Conclusion: The isoniazid/pyridoxine FDC incorporating croscarmellose sodium and sodium starch glycolate superdisintegrants was the most successful formulation since the formulated tablets complied with all the evaluated compendial specifications implying potential clinical utility of the formulation.","PeriodicalId":10470,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Medicine","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76140933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1080/2331205X.2020.1750862
B. Hohberger, M. Lucio, C. Mardin, R. Lämmer
Abstract Purpose: The knowledge of physiology of intraocular pressure (IOP) is important for the interpretation of pathophysiological alterations of IOP in glaucoma patients. Thus, the purpose of this study was a retrospective analysis of follow-up data of IOP in normal subjects in Germany. Methods: A retrospective analysis of IOP data of 112 eyes of 112 normal subjects (age: 18–81 years) of the Erlangen Glaucoma Registry (NCT00494923; ISSN 219-5008, CS-2011) was performed. Data of normal subjects with annual visits (with a number of 2–18) were analyzed. IOP was measured by Goldmann applanation tonometry at each visit in the morning. After IOP correction by the Dresdner correction table (according to the central corneal thickness, CCT), different statistical models were applied taking in account the influence of age and gender. Results: A significant influence of age and gender was observed on CCT (p < 0.001). Additionally, age affected IOP (p = 0.0018), yet, gender did not show any dependency on IOP. A significant age effect was observed on IOPcorr without differences between female and male. Quantile analysis yielded a significant change of the 0.25 percentile of IOP (p < 0.0001) and a slightly change for the 0.75 percentile of IOP (p = 0.05) over time in women. In men, a significant change was seen for the 0.5 percentile of IOP over time (p = 0.04). Conclusion: An age-dependency on CCT and IOP was observed in the German population. Additionally, gender affected CCT, yet not IOP.
{"title":"Germany: Longitudinal analysis of intraocular pressure in healthy eyes","authors":"B. Hohberger, M. Lucio, C. Mardin, R. Lämmer","doi":"10.1080/2331205X.2020.1750862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2331205X.2020.1750862","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Purpose: The knowledge of physiology of intraocular pressure (IOP) is important for the interpretation of pathophysiological alterations of IOP in glaucoma patients. Thus, the purpose of this study was a retrospective analysis of follow-up data of IOP in normal subjects in Germany. Methods: A retrospective analysis of IOP data of 112 eyes of 112 normal subjects (age: 18–81 years) of the Erlangen Glaucoma Registry (NCT00494923; ISSN 219-5008, CS-2011) was performed. Data of normal subjects with annual visits (with a number of 2–18) were analyzed. IOP was measured by Goldmann applanation tonometry at each visit in the morning. After IOP correction by the Dresdner correction table (according to the central corneal thickness, CCT), different statistical models were applied taking in account the influence of age and gender. Results: A significant influence of age and gender was observed on CCT (p < 0.001). Additionally, age affected IOP (p = 0.0018), yet, gender did not show any dependency on IOP. A significant age effect was observed on IOPcorr without differences between female and male. Quantile analysis yielded a significant change of the 0.25 percentile of IOP (p < 0.0001) and a slightly change for the 0.75 percentile of IOP (p = 0.05) over time in women. In men, a significant change was seen for the 0.5 percentile of IOP over time (p = 0.04). Conclusion: An age-dependency on CCT and IOP was observed in the German population. Additionally, gender affected CCT, yet not IOP.","PeriodicalId":10470,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Medicine","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78181165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1080/2331205X.2020.1847415
Phil Weir-Mayta, S. Green, S. Abbott, D. Urbina
Abstract Ineffective interprofessional collaboration between healthcare workers can negatively impact patient care. At a time when people are living longer with chronic health conditions, it is becoming increasingly important that university programs incorporate interprofessional education into student training. Despite this urgency, a disconnect remains between current training programs and healthcare workforce needs. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect inclusion of nursing (NSG) students and simulation experiences into a graduate-level speech-language pathology (SLP) course had on increasing the knowledge and skill level preparedness of SLP students entering their hospital externships. Students participated in a series of four classes that incorporated interprofessional education (IPE)-simulation experiences. A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest experimental design was selected to collect SLP student responses. Results suggest SLP graduate students felt significantly more knowledgeable as a result of the simulation experiences regarding the roles and responsibilities of NSG and SLPs in patient care and significantly more prepared in their skills for entering a hospital as a medical SLP intern.
{"title":"Incorporating IPE and simulation experiences into graduate speech-language pathology training","authors":"Phil Weir-Mayta, S. Green, S. Abbott, D. Urbina","doi":"10.1080/2331205X.2020.1847415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2331205X.2020.1847415","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Ineffective interprofessional collaboration between healthcare workers can negatively impact patient care. At a time when people are living longer with chronic health conditions, it is becoming increasingly important that university programs incorporate interprofessional education into student training. Despite this urgency, a disconnect remains between current training programs and healthcare workforce needs. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect inclusion of nursing (NSG) students and simulation experiences into a graduate-level speech-language pathology (SLP) course had on increasing the knowledge and skill level preparedness of SLP students entering their hospital externships. Students participated in a series of four classes that incorporated interprofessional education (IPE)-simulation experiences. A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest experimental design was selected to collect SLP student responses. Results suggest SLP graduate students felt significantly more knowledgeable as a result of the simulation experiences regarding the roles and responsibilities of NSG and SLPs in patient care and significantly more prepared in their skills for entering a hospital as a medical SLP intern.","PeriodicalId":10470,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Medicine","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90227770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1080/2331205X.2020.1789397
F. Destro, F. Marinoni, T. Russo, G. Selvaggio, G. Riccipetitoni
Abstract Abstract Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) includes genetic heterogeneous diseases characterized by muscle weakness and atrophy. There are at least two risk factors for SMA patients to develop urinary dysfunctions: 1) the neural degeneration, that influences the pelvic floor and sphincters; 2) the disabilities that predispose to constipation and urinary incontinence and symptoms. Nevertheless, the true incidence of urological disorders remains unknown. The evaluation of urinary symptoms in SMA patients remains scarcely investigated. The aim of our paper is to assess the association between urological disorders and SMA. We worked out a questionnaire to assess the voiding habits of patients with SMA followed at a single Italian Centre. We collected demographic data and information regarding respiratory, orthopedic and gastrointestinal involvement. We excluded patients <5 years of age. 38 patients were evaluated at a mean age of 12 years. Twenty-five patients had Type 2SMA, 13 Type 1 SMA. The respiratory system was involved in 35 patients, PEG was performed in 7 for failure to thrive and 26 suffered from constipation. Fifteen out of 38 (39%) patients wear diapers for urinary incontinence or for convenience. Two patients presented recurrent urinary retention requiring catheterization. No episodes of urinary infections nor urolithiasis were observed. Urinary function parameters were within the normal range. Our results suggest that the urinary function of SMA patients seems good. Nevertheless, a thorough urinary assessment in early childhood is important to identify bad habits in order to reduce the daily discomfort improving the quality of life.
{"title":"Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) from the urological point of view: Assessment of the urinary function in 38 patients","authors":"F. Destro, F. Marinoni, T. Russo, G. Selvaggio, G. Riccipetitoni","doi":"10.1080/2331205X.2020.1789397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2331205X.2020.1789397","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Abstract Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) includes genetic heterogeneous diseases characterized by muscle weakness and atrophy. There are at least two risk factors for SMA patients to develop urinary dysfunctions: 1) the neural degeneration, that influences the pelvic floor and sphincters; 2) the disabilities that predispose to constipation and urinary incontinence and symptoms. Nevertheless, the true incidence of urological disorders remains unknown. The evaluation of urinary symptoms in SMA patients remains scarcely investigated. The aim of our paper is to assess the association between urological disorders and SMA. We worked out a questionnaire to assess the voiding habits of patients with SMA followed at a single Italian Centre. We collected demographic data and information regarding respiratory, orthopedic and gastrointestinal involvement. We excluded patients <5 years of age. 38 patients were evaluated at a mean age of 12 years. Twenty-five patients had Type 2SMA, 13 Type 1 SMA. The respiratory system was involved in 35 patients, PEG was performed in 7 for failure to thrive and 26 suffered from constipation. Fifteen out of 38 (39%) patients wear diapers for urinary incontinence or for convenience. Two patients presented recurrent urinary retention requiring catheterization. No episodes of urinary infections nor urolithiasis were observed. Urinary function parameters were within the normal range. Our results suggest that the urinary function of SMA patients seems good. Nevertheless, a thorough urinary assessment in early childhood is important to identify bad habits in order to reduce the daily discomfort improving the quality of life.","PeriodicalId":10470,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Medicine","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90879884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1080/2331205X.2020.1746602
K. Bedu-Addo, R. Ephraim, Comfort Tanoe-Blay, Linda Ahenkorah-Fondjo, Kwame Osei-Darkwah, M. Ephraim, Kate A. Kontoh, A. Abaka-Yawson
Abstract Foetal macrosomia is known to contribute to various perinatal and maternal complications. Additionally, it has been proven to be a primary determinant of the survival of a newborn baby. We sought to determine the prevalence and associated factors of fetal macrosomia in Eikwe, a rural community in the Western part of Ghana. This hospital-based cross-sectional survey conducted from January 2017 to May 2017 engaged 200 women with singleton pregnancies at the maternity/labor unit of the St Martins de pores Hospital. Questionnaires were administered to establish socio-economic and demographic characteristics of respondents while obstetric data were retrieved from participants’ medical records/files. Maternal factors associated with macrosomia were examined using multiple logistic regressions. Of the 200 participants, the prevalence of fetal macrosomia was 6.5% [95% CI: 3.50%–10.86%]. Majority of the participants’ ages ranged between 21–25 (28.5%) and 26–30 (26.30%) years. Most of the participants were multigravida 99 (49.5%) and multipara 76 (38.0%) respectively. Aspiration of the meconium (p < 0.001) and poor Apgar score at the first minute were significantly associated (p = 0.011) with fetal macrosomia. Obesity 7 (53.8%) [11.91 (1.91–63.08), p = 0.019] and history of fetal macrosomia 9 (69.2%) [172.5 (29.37–1088.63), p < 0.001] were significantly associated with macrosomia. The prevalence of fetal macrosomia was 6.5% [95% CI: 3.50%–10.86%]; the previous history of fetal macrosomia and obesity were the main predictors of macrosomia. Moreover, poor Apgar score and aspiration of the meconium were the complications associated with fetal macrosomia.
{"title":"Prevalence and associated factors of fetal macrosomia in a rural community in Ghana","authors":"K. Bedu-Addo, R. Ephraim, Comfort Tanoe-Blay, Linda Ahenkorah-Fondjo, Kwame Osei-Darkwah, M. Ephraim, Kate A. Kontoh, A. Abaka-Yawson","doi":"10.1080/2331205X.2020.1746602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2331205X.2020.1746602","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Foetal macrosomia is known to contribute to various perinatal and maternal complications. Additionally, it has been proven to be a primary determinant of the survival of a newborn baby. We sought to determine the prevalence and associated factors of fetal macrosomia in Eikwe, a rural community in the Western part of Ghana. This hospital-based cross-sectional survey conducted from January 2017 to May 2017 engaged 200 women with singleton pregnancies at the maternity/labor unit of the St Martins de pores Hospital. Questionnaires were administered to establish socio-economic and demographic characteristics of respondents while obstetric data were retrieved from participants’ medical records/files. Maternal factors associated with macrosomia were examined using multiple logistic regressions. Of the 200 participants, the prevalence of fetal macrosomia was 6.5% [95% CI: 3.50%–10.86%]. Majority of the participants’ ages ranged between 21–25 (28.5%) and 26–30 (26.30%) years. Most of the participants were multigravida 99 (49.5%) and multipara 76 (38.0%) respectively. Aspiration of the meconium (p < 0.001) and poor Apgar score at the first minute were significantly associated (p = 0.011) with fetal macrosomia. Obesity 7 (53.8%) [11.91 (1.91–63.08), p = 0.019] and history of fetal macrosomia 9 (69.2%) [172.5 (29.37–1088.63), p < 0.001] were significantly associated with macrosomia. The prevalence of fetal macrosomia was 6.5% [95% CI: 3.50%–10.86%]; the previous history of fetal macrosomia and obesity were the main predictors of macrosomia. Moreover, poor Apgar score and aspiration of the meconium were the complications associated with fetal macrosomia.","PeriodicalId":10470,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Medicine","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83997179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1080/2331205X.2020.1736249
Adjei Gyimah Akwasi, Gyamfi Naomi, Anokye Reindolf, P. Prince, A. Enoch, A. Emmanuel, M. Wisdom, Essien Kojo John, Ariel Kwegyir Tsiboe
Abstract Persons with disabilities are at higher risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), however, they are often excluded from programmes targeting groups at high risk of STIs. This study explored the level of knowledge and attitude of persons with physical disabilities toward Sexually Transmitted Infections in the Jachie Community in Ashanti Region of Ghana. This was a descriptive study using a qualitative approach and conducting in-depth interview among 17 participants who were purposively selected. The data were transcribed, analysed, and presented in themes that emerged. Most of the participants mentioned that STIs are transmitted mainly through unprotected sex, kissing, blood transfusion and cuts from an infected blade or razor. The participants knew STIs such as HIV/AIDS, gonorrhoea, syphilis and candidiasis. Also, participants also resorted to using the internet as a source to get information about STIs. They intermittently visit the hospital for check-up when they see any abnormalities with their reproductive health. The use of condoms as a way of preventing STIs was low among the participants. This was as a result of the belief that one gets STI only if he/she has multiple sexual partners. Its imperative to make information about STI more accessible to the disabled community. This will reduce the risk of STIs among persons with disability.
{"title":"Knowledge on and attitude towards Sexually Transmitted Infections: A qualitative study of people with physical disabilities in a peri-urban district of Ghana","authors":"Adjei Gyimah Akwasi, Gyamfi Naomi, Anokye Reindolf, P. Prince, A. Enoch, A. Emmanuel, M. Wisdom, Essien Kojo John, Ariel Kwegyir Tsiboe","doi":"10.1080/2331205X.2020.1736249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2331205X.2020.1736249","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Persons with disabilities are at higher risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), however, they are often excluded from programmes targeting groups at high risk of STIs. This study explored the level of knowledge and attitude of persons with physical disabilities toward Sexually Transmitted Infections in the Jachie Community in Ashanti Region of Ghana. This was a descriptive study using a qualitative approach and conducting in-depth interview among 17 participants who were purposively selected. The data were transcribed, analysed, and presented in themes that emerged. Most of the participants mentioned that STIs are transmitted mainly through unprotected sex, kissing, blood transfusion and cuts from an infected blade or razor. The participants knew STIs such as HIV/AIDS, gonorrhoea, syphilis and candidiasis. Also, participants also resorted to using the internet as a source to get information about STIs. They intermittently visit the hospital for check-up when they see any abnormalities with their reproductive health. The use of condoms as a way of preventing STIs was low among the participants. This was as a result of the belief that one gets STI only if he/she has multiple sexual partners. Its imperative to make information about STI more accessible to the disabled community. This will reduce the risk of STIs among persons with disability.","PeriodicalId":10470,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Medicine","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74019762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1080/2331205X.2020.1736829
Adrian Galiana-Simal, Maria Vela-Romero, Victor Manuel Romero-Vela, Nuria Oliver-Tercero, Virginia García-Olmo, Pedro Javier Benito-Castellanos, V. Muñoz-Martínez, L. Beato-Fernandez
Abstract Altered neurological sensory integration results in Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD), also known as Sensory Regulation Dysfunction, Sensory Integration Dysfunction or Sensory Dysfunction Disorder. Under this condition, the brain doesn’t process sensory inputs correctly, following inappropriate behavioral and motor responses that affect learning, coordination, behavior and language. SPD may lead to stress, anxiety or even depression, and represents a risk of psychopathology. Epidemiological studies carried out in western lifestyle populations have shown a high prevalence of SPD among children (5-15%); however, a large number of health professionals still do not know this condition, giving rise to unattended children and frustrated families. This review aims to provide an updated starting point about some of the most relevant aspects of SPD.
{"title":"Sensory processing disorder: Key points of a frequent alteration in neurodevelopmental disorders","authors":"Adrian Galiana-Simal, Maria Vela-Romero, Victor Manuel Romero-Vela, Nuria Oliver-Tercero, Virginia García-Olmo, Pedro Javier Benito-Castellanos, V. Muñoz-Martínez, L. Beato-Fernandez","doi":"10.1080/2331205X.2020.1736829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2331205X.2020.1736829","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Altered neurological sensory integration results in Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD), also known as Sensory Regulation Dysfunction, Sensory Integration Dysfunction or Sensory Dysfunction Disorder. Under this condition, the brain doesn’t process sensory inputs correctly, following inappropriate behavioral and motor responses that affect learning, coordination, behavior and language. SPD may lead to stress, anxiety or even depression, and represents a risk of psychopathology. Epidemiological studies carried out in western lifestyle populations have shown a high prevalence of SPD among children (5-15%); however, a large number of health professionals still do not know this condition, giving rise to unattended children and frustrated families. This review aims to provide an updated starting point about some of the most relevant aspects of SPD.","PeriodicalId":10470,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Medicine","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76308578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1080/2331205X.2020.1794272
Tafadzwa Mindu, Muhubiri Kabuyaya, M. Chimbari
Abstract Educational interventions targeting communities which are at risk of contracting schistosomiasis infection may empower them to develop capacity to minimize the spread of the disease. We compared the effectiveness of health education interventions for schistosomiasis knowledge uptake among school-going children in Ndumo area, KwaZulu-Natal using a quasi-experimental trial. An assessment of health education interventions (edutainment and infographics) in the community’s own language and socio-cultural context was done among primary school-aged children in two primary schools in Ndumo, a schistosomiasis endemic area (37%). The study involved 37 students from Munywana primary where the intervention was on infographics and 44 from Maphindela where the intervention was on edutainment. The students wrote a schistosomiasis knowledge test, 1 month before the knowledge uptake interventions were implemented. The same test was given to the two groups after the interventions. Baseline and post-intervention scores were used to test whether the interventions improved schistosomiasis knowledge levels. Paired t-test and independent t-tests were conducted to test the change in knowledge assimilation at the 5% significance level. Our findings show that health education interventions significantly improved knowledge on schistosomiasis among school children (P < 0.001). At post-intervention, the mean score of the whole sample increased to 15,6/35, from a baseline score of 6,5/35. However, there was no significant difference in the post-intervention mean scores of infographics and edutainment interventions. In order to improve schistosomiasis research uptake among school-aged children, health education interventions such as edutainment and infographics can be effective in making the children assimilate schistosomiasis research findings as it has been shown elsewhere. The number of participants in the intervention and high attrition rate were notable limitations of the study. Future studies may need to invest more resources and use digital-based interventions incorporating both infographics and edutainment on one platform such as a digital device.
{"title":"Edutainment and infographics for schistosomiasis health education in Ndumo area, Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa","authors":"Tafadzwa Mindu, Muhubiri Kabuyaya, M. Chimbari","doi":"10.1080/2331205X.2020.1794272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2331205X.2020.1794272","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Educational interventions targeting communities which are at risk of contracting schistosomiasis infection may empower them to develop capacity to minimize the spread of the disease. We compared the effectiveness of health education interventions for schistosomiasis knowledge uptake among school-going children in Ndumo area, KwaZulu-Natal using a quasi-experimental trial. An assessment of health education interventions (edutainment and infographics) in the community’s own language and socio-cultural context was done among primary school-aged children in two primary schools in Ndumo, a schistosomiasis endemic area (37%). The study involved 37 students from Munywana primary where the intervention was on infographics and 44 from Maphindela where the intervention was on edutainment. The students wrote a schistosomiasis knowledge test, 1 month before the knowledge uptake interventions were implemented. The same test was given to the two groups after the interventions. Baseline and post-intervention scores were used to test whether the interventions improved schistosomiasis knowledge levels. Paired t-test and independent t-tests were conducted to test the change in knowledge assimilation at the 5% significance level. Our findings show that health education interventions significantly improved knowledge on schistosomiasis among school children (P < 0.001). At post-intervention, the mean score of the whole sample increased to 15,6/35, from a baseline score of 6,5/35. However, there was no significant difference in the post-intervention mean scores of infographics and edutainment interventions. In order to improve schistosomiasis research uptake among school-aged children, health education interventions such as edutainment and infographics can be effective in making the children assimilate schistosomiasis research findings as it has been shown elsewhere. The number of participants in the intervention and high attrition rate were notable limitations of the study. Future studies may need to invest more resources and use digital-based interventions incorporating both infographics and edutainment on one platform such as a digital device.","PeriodicalId":10470,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Medicine","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75106046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1080/2331205X.2020.1816258
D. Tiga-Loza, Diana Cristina Marín-Ariza, Ximena Villota
Abstract: Abstract Shoulder pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal injuries; there are different methods employed in its treatment, among them is Kinesiotaping. We evaluated the effects of Kinesiotaping and its variation according to the time of application on pain, range of motion and strength in people with shoulder pain, alone or as a complement to physical therapy. To do this, we conducted a Quasi-experimental study, on 50 patients with shoulder pain, who were assigned to 4 intervention groups for 11 days: 1-Kinesiotaping (n = 12), 2-Physiotherapy (n = 13), 3-Kinesiotaping plus Physiotherapy (n = 12) and 4-Physiotherapy plus Kinesiotaping (n = 13). We performed an analysis of differences-in-differences using linear regression, finding a pain reduction of 65.2 mm (95%CI: −81.9; −48.5) in visual analog scale for kinesiotaping group. Physiotherapy and Kinesiotaping group obtained a better increase in post-intervention strength (mean of 1.1 points; 95%CI: 0.5; 1.8) on the Oxford scale. For the range of motion, the kinesiotaping and, the physiotherapy plus kinesiotaping groups achieved the greatest increase in post-intervention measurement, 22°(95%CI: 12.1; 31.9) and 15.6°(95%CI: 6.1; 25.2) respectively. In our concept, Kinesiotaping alone can be used to reduce pain and increase mobility and when used after physiotherapy as a complement, it can obtain majors results in strength and range of motion.
{"title":"Effects of Kinesiotaping on shoulder pain as a single therapy or in combination with physiotherapy: A quasi-experimental study","authors":"D. Tiga-Loza, Diana Cristina Marín-Ariza, Ximena Villota","doi":"10.1080/2331205X.2020.1816258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2331205X.2020.1816258","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Abstract Shoulder pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal injuries; there are different methods employed in its treatment, among them is Kinesiotaping. We evaluated the effects of Kinesiotaping and its variation according to the time of application on pain, range of motion and strength in people with shoulder pain, alone or as a complement to physical therapy. To do this, we conducted a Quasi-experimental study, on 50 patients with shoulder pain, who were assigned to 4 intervention groups for 11 days: 1-Kinesiotaping (n = 12), 2-Physiotherapy (n = 13), 3-Kinesiotaping plus Physiotherapy (n = 12) and 4-Physiotherapy plus Kinesiotaping (n = 13). We performed an analysis of differences-in-differences using linear regression, finding a pain reduction of 65.2 mm (95%CI: −81.9; −48.5) in visual analog scale for kinesiotaping group. Physiotherapy and Kinesiotaping group obtained a better increase in post-intervention strength (mean of 1.1 points; 95%CI: 0.5; 1.8) on the Oxford scale. For the range of motion, the kinesiotaping and, the physiotherapy plus kinesiotaping groups achieved the greatest increase in post-intervention measurement, 22°(95%CI: 12.1; 31.9) and 15.6°(95%CI: 6.1; 25.2) respectively. In our concept, Kinesiotaping alone can be used to reduce pain and increase mobility and when used after physiotherapy as a complement, it can obtain majors results in strength and range of motion.","PeriodicalId":10470,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Medicine","volume":"197 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75897368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Abstract: The 2012 HPV vaccination pilot in Mongolia was met with widespread community resistance and misinformation. Targeted stakeholder action since 2012 has led to a decision to re-introduce the HPV vaccine from 2020. This formative research study is the first to identify information and communication needs among key population groups in Mongolia ahead of vaccine re-introduction. This qualitative study was conducted across five provinces and two capital city districts of Mongolia. Small focus group discussions and individual in-depth interviews were held with GP doctors, school doctors, immunization nurses and teachers and parents of girls aged 10–13 years. The study recruited 91 parents, 62 teachers and 47 health professionals. Knowledge varied between and within study populations. Overall, participants demonstrated positive attitudes and practices towards vaccination generally. Knowledge surrounding the HPV vaccine specifically was very low across all population groups, with negative attitudes linked to previous misinformation. Health professionals identified a need for a unified information source on vaccination and greater technical training. The study highlights a clear need for increased awareness raising on HPV, cervical cancer and the HPV vaccine in order to avoid another communication crisis in the 2020 vaccine re-introduction.
{"title":"Formative research to inform information, education and communication materials ahead of HPV vaccine re-introduction in Mongolia","authors":"Marguerite Dalmau, Margad-Erdene Munkhsaikhan, Tungalagtuya Khorolsuren, Ulziimunkh Byambasuren, Unursaikhan Surenjav, T. Batmunkh","doi":"10.1080/2331205X.2020.1846263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2331205X.2020.1846263","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Abstract: The 2012 HPV vaccination pilot in Mongolia was met with widespread community resistance and misinformation. Targeted stakeholder action since 2012 has led to a decision to re-introduce the HPV vaccine from 2020. This formative research study is the first to identify information and communication needs among key population groups in Mongolia ahead of vaccine re-introduction. This qualitative study was conducted across five provinces and two capital city districts of Mongolia. Small focus group discussions and individual in-depth interviews were held with GP doctors, school doctors, immunization nurses and teachers and parents of girls aged 10–13 years. The study recruited 91 parents, 62 teachers and 47 health professionals. Knowledge varied between and within study populations. Overall, participants demonstrated positive attitudes and practices towards vaccination generally. Knowledge surrounding the HPV vaccine specifically was very low across all population groups, with negative attitudes linked to previous misinformation. Health professionals identified a need for a unified information source on vaccination and greater technical training. The study highlights a clear need for increased awareness raising on HPV, cervical cancer and the HPV vaccine in order to avoid another communication crisis in the 2020 vaccine re-introduction.","PeriodicalId":10470,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Medicine","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80444280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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