This study employed magnetic filtered cathodic vacuum arc deposition to fabricate TiN/Ti multilayer coatings, examining the impact of nitrogen flow rates—4, 8, 12, and 16 sccm—on their performance, with an emphasis on gradient flow rates from 4 to 12 sccm. The coatings’ phase composition shifted from TiN0.26 to a Ti2N and TiN composite, optimizing the microstructure and significantly increasing the hardness to 24.37 GPa and the elastic modulus to 219.84 GPa at the 16 sccm rate. The surface roughness reduction further improved erosion resistance. Coatings made under gradient flow exhibited reduced mass loss and an erosion rate of 0.07 mg·g−1, outperforming single flow rates. Erosion failure analysis highlighted that while 12 sccm coatings failed due to extensive crack interconnection, 16 sccm coatings showed spalling from crack expansion. Gradient flow coatings, despite the presence of a crack, demonstrated a more confined damage area and enhanced erosion resistance, indicating the benefits of varied nitrogen flow rates in coating optimization.
{"title":"Erosion Performance of TiN/Ti Coatings under Different Nitrogen Flow Rates","authors":"Yuxin Ren, Zhaolu Zhang, Guangyu He, Yan Chai, Yanli Zhang, Zilei Zhang","doi":"10.3390/coatings14091144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14091144","url":null,"abstract":"This study employed magnetic filtered cathodic vacuum arc deposition to fabricate TiN/Ti multilayer coatings, examining the impact of nitrogen flow rates—4, 8, 12, and 16 sccm—on their performance, with an emphasis on gradient flow rates from 4 to 12 sccm. The coatings’ phase composition shifted from TiN0.26 to a Ti2N and TiN composite, optimizing the microstructure and significantly increasing the hardness to 24.37 GPa and the elastic modulus to 219.84 GPa at the 16 sccm rate. The surface roughness reduction further improved erosion resistance. Coatings made under gradient flow exhibited reduced mass loss and an erosion rate of 0.07 mg·g−1, outperforming single flow rates. Erosion failure analysis highlighted that while 12 sccm coatings failed due to extensive crack interconnection, 16 sccm coatings showed spalling from crack expansion. Gradient flow coatings, despite the presence of a crack, demonstrated a more confined damage area and enhanced erosion resistance, indicating the benefits of varied nitrogen flow rates in coating optimization.","PeriodicalId":10520,"journal":{"name":"Coatings","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142215819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arc spraying is one of the most effective and cost-efficient thermal spraying technologies for creating high-quality protective coatings. This paper examines the influence of arc spraying process parameters on the properties of steel coatings. The parameters varied in this study included gas pressure, wire feed rate, and the distance from the spray gun to the substrate (standoff distance). Experimental evaluations focused on surface roughness, thickness, porosity, structure, and hardness of the coatings. The techniques used for these evaluations included profilometry for roughness measurement, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for structural analysis, Vickers hardness testing, and optical microscopy. The results demonstrate a significant influence of arc spraying parameters on the characteristics of the resulting coatings. The analysis revealed that the coatings produced under different modes exhibit a layered structure and vary in thickness. A detailed examination of the coating structure identified defects such as unmelted particles, voids, and delamination in the interface zone. The study of coating thickness and porosity showed that increasing the wire feed rate and decreasing the standoff distance leads to the formation of thicker and denser coatings. Specifically, increasing the wire feed rate from 2 to 12 cm/s resulted in a decrease in porosity from 12.59% to 4.33% and an increase in coating thickness to 699 μm. The surface analysis highlighted the importance of a comprehensive approach to selecting the optimal roughness. While increasing the wire feed rate up to 12 cm/s can increase the Ra roughness parameter, gas pressure also significantly influences this parameter, reducing roughness from Ra = 18.63 μm at 6 MPa to Ra = 15.95 μm at 8 MPa. Additionally, it was found that varying the arc spraying parameters affects the hardness of the coatings, with all modes resulting in hardness values higher than that of the substrate. Therefore, optimizing these parameters enables the achievement of the best combination of mechanical and structural properties in the coatings. These findings can be valuable for further improvement of arc spraying technologies and the expansion of their application across various industries.
{"title":"Influence of Spraying Process Parameters on the Characteristics of Steel Coatings Produced by Arc Spraying Method","authors":"Bauyrzhan Rakhadilov, Nurtoleu Magazov, Dauir Kakimzhanov, Akbota Apsezhanova, Yermakhan Molbossynov, Aidar Kengesbekov","doi":"10.3390/coatings14091145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14091145","url":null,"abstract":"Arc spraying is one of the most effective and cost-efficient thermal spraying technologies for creating high-quality protective coatings. This paper examines the influence of arc spraying process parameters on the properties of steel coatings. The parameters varied in this study included gas pressure, wire feed rate, and the distance from the spray gun to the substrate (standoff distance). Experimental evaluations focused on surface roughness, thickness, porosity, structure, and hardness of the coatings. The techniques used for these evaluations included profilometry for roughness measurement, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for structural analysis, Vickers hardness testing, and optical microscopy. The results demonstrate a significant influence of arc spraying parameters on the characteristics of the resulting coatings. The analysis revealed that the coatings produced under different modes exhibit a layered structure and vary in thickness. A detailed examination of the coating structure identified defects such as unmelted particles, voids, and delamination in the interface zone. The study of coating thickness and porosity showed that increasing the wire feed rate and decreasing the standoff distance leads to the formation of thicker and denser coatings. Specifically, increasing the wire feed rate from 2 to 12 cm/s resulted in a decrease in porosity from 12.59% to 4.33% and an increase in coating thickness to 699 μm. The surface analysis highlighted the importance of a comprehensive approach to selecting the optimal roughness. While increasing the wire feed rate up to 12 cm/s can increase the Ra roughness parameter, gas pressure also significantly influences this parameter, reducing roughness from Ra = 18.63 μm at 6 MPa to Ra = 15.95 μm at 8 MPa. Additionally, it was found that varying the arc spraying parameters affects the hardness of the coatings, with all modes resulting in hardness values higher than that of the substrate. Therefore, optimizing these parameters enables the achievement of the best combination of mechanical and structural properties in the coatings. These findings can be valuable for further improvement of arc spraying technologies and the expansion of their application across various industries.","PeriodicalId":10520,"journal":{"name":"Coatings","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142215820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-05DOI: 10.3390/coatings14091143
Bzhwean Anwar Mouhamed, Sidiq Aziz Sidiq Kasnazany
The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of harvesting stages (turning-color fruit and light red color) and postharvest treatments (distilled water, hot water at 35 °C, 10% Aloe vera, 2% CaCl2, 5% Mint, and 5% Catnip) for 5 min on the quality and storability of tomato fruits cv. Sangaw stored at 10 ± 1 °C and a relative humidity of 90%–95% for 20 days. Fruit harvested at the turning-color fruit stage presented significantly lower weight loss, greater firmness, and higher amounts of vitamin C, total phenol, and calcium (3.22%, 1118.31 g mm/s, 15.83 mg 100 g−1, 95.49 mg 100 mL−1 FW, and 0.14%, respectively). However, the tomatoes harvested from the light red color fruit stage presented the highest contents of total soluble sugars, total sugars, and lycopene (4.36%, 3.99%, and 41.49 mg kg−1, respectively). Notably, the postharvest treatment of tomato fruits with 2% CaCl2 significantly decreased weight loss and resulted in greater firmness, pH, total sugar, total phenol, and calcium contents (3.90%, 1212.39 g mm/s, 4.83, 3.85%, 95.60 mg 100 mL−1 FW, and 0.18%, respectively) than the control. Hence, coating with 10% Aloe vera resulted in the highest amount of total soluble solids and the highest amount of vitamin C. Tomato picked at the turning-color fruit stage and immersed in 5% Mint significantly lowered the loss of fruit weight, increased the total titratable acidity, and had the lowest content of lycopene. Additionally, the fruits harvested at the same stage and immersed in 2% CaCl2 retained greater firmness, total phenol content, and calcium content. On the other hand, fruits harvested in the light red stage and dipped in 5% Mint presented the highest total soluble sugars and total sugar contents. Finally, the harvested tomato fruits coated with 10% Aloe vera retained a relatively high level of vitamin C, indicating the storage life and quality of the tomato fruits.
{"title":"Impact of Harvesting Stages and Postharvest Treatments on the Quality and Storability of Tomato Fruits (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cv. Sangaw","authors":"Bzhwean Anwar Mouhamed, Sidiq Aziz Sidiq Kasnazany","doi":"10.3390/coatings14091143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14091143","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of harvesting stages (turning-color fruit and light red color) and postharvest treatments (distilled water, hot water at 35 °C, 10% Aloe vera, 2% CaCl2, 5% Mint, and 5% Catnip) for 5 min on the quality and storability of tomato fruits cv. Sangaw stored at 10 ± 1 °C and a relative humidity of 90%–95% for 20 days. Fruit harvested at the turning-color fruit stage presented significantly lower weight loss, greater firmness, and higher amounts of vitamin C, total phenol, and calcium (3.22%, 1118.31 g mm/s, 15.83 mg 100 g−1, 95.49 mg 100 mL−1 FW, and 0.14%, respectively). However, the tomatoes harvested from the light red color fruit stage presented the highest contents of total soluble sugars, total sugars, and lycopene (4.36%, 3.99%, and 41.49 mg kg−1, respectively). Notably, the postharvest treatment of tomato fruits with 2% CaCl2 significantly decreased weight loss and resulted in greater firmness, pH, total sugar, total phenol, and calcium contents (3.90%, 1212.39 g mm/s, 4.83, 3.85%, 95.60 mg 100 mL−1 FW, and 0.18%, respectively) than the control. Hence, coating with 10% Aloe vera resulted in the highest amount of total soluble solids and the highest amount of vitamin C. Tomato picked at the turning-color fruit stage and immersed in 5% Mint significantly lowered the loss of fruit weight, increased the total titratable acidity, and had the lowest content of lycopene. Additionally, the fruits harvested at the same stage and immersed in 2% CaCl2 retained greater firmness, total phenol content, and calcium content. On the other hand, fruits harvested in the light red stage and dipped in 5% Mint presented the highest total soluble sugars and total sugar contents. Finally, the harvested tomato fruits coated with 10% Aloe vera retained a relatively high level of vitamin C, indicating the storage life and quality of the tomato fruits.","PeriodicalId":10520,"journal":{"name":"Coatings","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142215821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-05DOI: 10.3390/coatings14091142
Jin Zhao, Yongchun Zhang, Jingwen Lu, Yiming Li, Yong Pan
A series of orange-red emitting Li6Y(BO3)3: Sm3+ (LYBO: Sm3+) phosphors were produced via the high temperature solid-state method. The structure, morphology, element distribution and photoluminescent behavior of these phosphors were thoroughly examined. XRD analysis confirmed that all samples exhibited a pure phase. Under 404 nm excitation, the emission spectra included four distinct transitions of Sm3+, attributed to 4G5/2→6H5/2 (565 nm), 4G5/2→6H7/2 (613 nm), 4G5/2→6H9/2 (647 nm) and 4G5/2→6H11/2 (708 nm). The ideal doping level for LYBO: xSm3+ is x = 0.05, and the concentration quenching primarily stems from electric dipole–dipole interactions among the ions. As the amount of Sm3+ dopant was increased, the fluorescence lifetime decreased. The CIE indicates that LYBO: 0.05Sm3+ is located in the orange-red region, exhibiting a high color purity (99%) and low color temperature (1711 K). The phosphor demonstrated excellent thermal stability and its activation energy was 0.3238 eV. In summary, LYBO: Sm3+ is a potential orange-red phosphor that can be coated onto near-ultraviolet chips suitable for W-LEDs.
{"title":"Synthesis and Spectroscopic Properties of Sm3+-Activated Li6Y(BO3)3 Phosphor for Light-Emitting Diode Applications","authors":"Jin Zhao, Yongchun Zhang, Jingwen Lu, Yiming Li, Yong Pan","doi":"10.3390/coatings14091142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14091142","url":null,"abstract":"A series of orange-red emitting Li6Y(BO3)3: Sm3+ (LYBO: Sm3+) phosphors were produced via the high temperature solid-state method. The structure, morphology, element distribution and photoluminescent behavior of these phosphors were thoroughly examined. XRD analysis confirmed that all samples exhibited a pure phase. Under 404 nm excitation, the emission spectra included four distinct transitions of Sm3+, attributed to 4G5/2→6H5/2 (565 nm), 4G5/2→6H7/2 (613 nm), 4G5/2→6H9/2 (647 nm) and 4G5/2→6H11/2 (708 nm). The ideal doping level for LYBO: xSm3+ is x = 0.05, and the concentration quenching primarily stems from electric dipole–dipole interactions among the ions. As the amount of Sm3+ dopant was increased, the fluorescence lifetime decreased. The CIE indicates that LYBO: 0.05Sm3+ is located in the orange-red region, exhibiting a high color purity (99%) and low color temperature (1711 K). The phosphor demonstrated excellent thermal stability and its activation energy was 0.3238 eV. In summary, LYBO: Sm3+ is a potential orange-red phosphor that can be coated onto near-ultraviolet chips suitable for W-LEDs.","PeriodicalId":10520,"journal":{"name":"Coatings","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142215816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Topological materials with well-defined surfaces and edges have become a prominent research topic. As topological insulators, MnBi2Te4 thin films, with their unique surfaces, exhibit exceptional electron transport properties and good applicability in low-noise, high-sensitivity photoelectric detection. This paper reports a straightforward, efficient, and cost-effective thermal evaporation method for preparing quantum MnBi2Te4 thin films, along with an investigation into their photoelectric detection performance. These films can be used to fabricate array devices, with the resulting photodetectors achieving a response current of 97 mA W−1 at room temperature and a response speed of <1 ms. Moreover, they demonstrate stability in the air for >30 d, with the photoelectric performance degrading by <15%. Our research introduces a new application for topological materials in photoelectric detection and establishes a strong foundation for the design and development of high-performance photodetectors in the future.
具有明确表面和边缘的拓扑材料已成为一个突出的研究课题。作为拓扑绝缘体，MnBi2Te4 薄膜具有独特的表面，具有优异的电子传输特性，在低噪声、高灵敏度光电探测中具有良好的应用前景。本文报告了一种制备量子锰铋碲薄膜的直接、高效、经济的热蒸发方法，以及对其光电检测性能的研究。这些薄膜可用于制造阵列器件，其光电探测器在室温下的响应电流可达 97 mA W-1，响应速度为 30 d，光电性能衰减小于 15%。我们的研究为拓扑材料在光电探测领域的应用提供了新思路，并为未来设计和开发高性能光电探测器奠定了坚实的基础。
{"title":"MnBi2Te4 Thin-Film Photodetector with a Millisecond Response Speed and Long-Term Air Stability","authors":"Ming Yang, Haotian Ren, Wenze Deng, Haoliang Chang, Qiqin Li, Hongxi Zhou, Xiaoguang Tu, Mian Zhong, Fei Li, Xinyu Zhu","doi":"10.3390/coatings14091134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14091134","url":null,"abstract":"Topological materials with well-defined surfaces and edges have become a prominent research topic. As topological insulators, MnBi2Te4 thin films, with their unique surfaces, exhibit exceptional electron transport properties and good applicability in low-noise, high-sensitivity photoelectric detection. This paper reports a straightforward, efficient, and cost-effective thermal evaporation method for preparing quantum MnBi2Te4 thin films, along with an investigation into their photoelectric detection performance. These films can be used to fabricate array devices, with the resulting photodetectors achieving a response current of 97 mA W−1 at room temperature and a response speed of <1 ms. Moreover, they demonstrate stability in the air for >30 d, with the photoelectric performance degrading by <15%. Our research introduces a new application for topological materials in photoelectric detection and establishes a strong foundation for the design and development of high-performance photodetectors in the future.","PeriodicalId":10520,"journal":{"name":"Coatings","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142215822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-04DOI: 10.3390/coatings14091136
Víctor Fernández-Jiménez, Santiago de Bernardi-Martín, Alejandra García-Gómez, David López-Díaz, M. Jesús Sánchez-Montero, M. Mercedes Velázquez, M. Dolores Merchán
Increasing the energy density and power of supercapacitors through hybrids of carbonaceous materials and metal oxides continues to be the subject of numerous research works. The correlation between specific capacitance and the properties of materials used as electrodes attracts great interest. In the present study, we investigated composites (GO/Mn3O4) prepared by the hydrothermal method with a variable ratio of GO/Mn3O4 and tested them as supercapacitor electrode materials in three- and two-electrode cells. The chemical characterization carried out by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and the adsorption techniques used allowed the determination of the surface carbon and oxygen content, as well as its textural properties. In this work, we analyzed the contribution of the double layer and the Faradaic reactions to the value of the final capacitance of the synthesized materials. Beyond empirically obtaining the electrochemical properties, these have been related to the physicochemical characteristics of the hybrids to help design materials with the best performance for supercapacitor electrodes.
通过碳质材料和金属氧化物的混合物提高超级电容器的能量密度和功率一直是众多研究工作的主题。比电容与用作电极的材料特性之间的相关性引起了人们的极大兴趣。在本研究中，我们研究了通过水热法制备的不同比例的复合材料（GO/Mn3O4），并将其作为三电极和双电极电池中的超级电容器电极材料进行了测试。通过 X 射线光电子能谱进行的化学表征和使用的吸附技术可以确定表面的碳和氧含量及其纹理特性。在这项工作中，我们分析了双层反应和法拉第反应对合成材料最终电容值的贡献。除了通过经验获得电化学特性外，我们还将这些特性与混合材料的物理化学特性联系起来，以帮助设计出性能最佳的超级电容器电极材料。
{"title":"The Role of the Manganese Content on the Properties of Mn3O4 and Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites for Supercapacitor Electrodes","authors":"Víctor Fernández-Jiménez, Santiago de Bernardi-Martín, Alejandra García-Gómez, David López-Díaz, M. Jesús Sánchez-Montero, M. Mercedes Velázquez, M. Dolores Merchán","doi":"10.3390/coatings14091136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14091136","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing the energy density and power of supercapacitors through hybrids of carbonaceous materials and metal oxides continues to be the subject of numerous research works. The correlation between specific capacitance and the properties of materials used as electrodes attracts great interest. In the present study, we investigated composites (GO/Mn3O4) prepared by the hydrothermal method with a variable ratio of GO/Mn3O4 and tested them as supercapacitor electrode materials in three- and two-electrode cells. The chemical characterization carried out by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and the adsorption techniques used allowed the determination of the surface carbon and oxygen content, as well as its textural properties. In this work, we analyzed the contribution of the double layer and the Faradaic reactions to the value of the final capacitance of the synthesized materials. Beyond empirically obtaining the electrochemical properties, these have been related to the physicochemical characteristics of the hybrids to help design materials with the best performance for supercapacitor electrodes.","PeriodicalId":10520,"journal":{"name":"Coatings","volume":"280 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142215844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-04DOI: 10.3390/coatings14091135
Ester Villanueva, Iban Vicario, Carlos Vaquero, Joseba Albizuri, Maria Teresa Guraya, Nerea Burgos, Iñaki Hurtado
This paper presents and demonstrates the development of a new lightweight coating for aluminum alloy from a novel multicomponent alloy based on the AlSiMgCu system. The coating was applied using a newly designed approach that combined high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) and plasma spraying processes. This hybrid technique enables the deposition of coatings with enhanced performance characteristics. The optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM + EDS) revealed a strong adhesion and compaction between the multicomponent coating and the A6061 substrate. The new coating improved hardness by 50% and increased electrical conductivity by approximately 3.3 times compared to the as-cast alloy. Corrosion tests showed a lower corrosion rate, comparable to thermally treated A6061 alloy. Tribological tests indicated over 20% reduction in friction and over 50% reduction in wear rate. This suggests that multicomponent aluminum coatings could improve automotive and parts in contact with hydrogen by enhancing hydrogen fragilization resistance, corrosion resistance, electrical conductivity, and wear properties, with further optimization of thermal spraying potentially boosting performance even further.
{"title":"Study of a New Novel HVOAF Coating Based on a New Multicomponent Al80Mg10Si5Cu5 Alloy","authors":"Ester Villanueva, Iban Vicario, Carlos Vaquero, Joseba Albizuri, Maria Teresa Guraya, Nerea Burgos, Iñaki Hurtado","doi":"10.3390/coatings14091135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14091135","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents and demonstrates the development of a new lightweight coating for aluminum alloy from a novel multicomponent alloy based on the AlSiMgCu system. The coating was applied using a newly designed approach that combined high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) and plasma spraying processes. This hybrid technique enables the deposition of coatings with enhanced performance characteristics. The optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM + EDS) revealed a strong adhesion and compaction between the multicomponent coating and the A6061 substrate. The new coating improved hardness by 50% and increased electrical conductivity by approximately 3.3 times compared to the as-cast alloy. Corrosion tests showed a lower corrosion rate, comparable to thermally treated A6061 alloy. Tribological tests indicated over 20% reduction in friction and over 50% reduction in wear rate. This suggests that multicomponent aluminum coatings could improve automotive and parts in contact with hydrogen by enhancing hydrogen fragilization resistance, corrosion resistance, electrical conductivity, and wear properties, with further optimization of thermal spraying potentially boosting performance even further.","PeriodicalId":10520,"journal":{"name":"Coatings","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142215823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-04DOI: 10.3390/coatings14091137
Xi Deng, Yun Liu, Zhongsheng Xu, Hong Yin
Spinal cord injury (SCI) treatment remains challenging globally, with limited breakthroughs. Tissue engineering offers promise, particularly using acellular spinal cord scaffolds. This study developed a 1-ethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC)-crosslinked vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-modified acellular spinal cord scaffold for sustained VEGF release. The results show sustained VEGF release over 20 days without altering the scaffold’s properties. Enhanced stability and mechanical properties were observed without increased cytotoxicity. In a rat SCI model, the system improved motor function, reduced glial scarring, and restored spinal cord morphology and histology, indicating potential for SCI therapy.
{"title":"Ultrasound-Assisted Acellular Spinal Cord Scaffold for Spinal Cord Injury Treatment","authors":"Xi Deng, Yun Liu, Zhongsheng Xu, Hong Yin","doi":"10.3390/coatings14091137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14091137","url":null,"abstract":"Spinal cord injury (SCI) treatment remains challenging globally, with limited breakthroughs. Tissue engineering offers promise, particularly using acellular spinal cord scaffolds. This study developed a 1-ethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC)-crosslinked vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-modified acellular spinal cord scaffold for sustained VEGF release. The results show sustained VEGF release over 20 days without altering the scaffold’s properties. Enhanced stability and mechanical properties were observed without increased cytotoxicity. In a rat SCI model, the system improved motor function, reduced glial scarring, and restored spinal cord morphology and histology, indicating potential for SCI therapy.","PeriodicalId":10520,"journal":{"name":"Coatings","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142215824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
TiN/TiAlSiN nanocomposite multilayer coatings were deposited on a titanium alloy by multi-arc ion plating. The investigation of the wear behavior of TiN/TiAlSiN multilayer coatings against Si3N4 was conducted at temperatures of 25 °C, 300 °C, and 500 °C using a ball-on-disk tribometer. Additionally, to gain a deeper understanding of medium-temperature oxidation products, an oxidation test was performed at 500 °C for 10 h. The microstructure and chemical composition of the coatings were evaluated by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The primary peak in the XRD pattern of the multilayer coating changed from TiN (111) to Ti3AlN (111) after the oxidation test. The hardness of the TiN/TiAlSiN multilayer coating was 1540 HV0.1, representing a notable five times improvement compared to the substrate. The critical load in the scratch test was 52.3 N, indicating robust adhesion performance. The wear rate exhibited a sharp increase from 25 °C to 300 °C, compared to the rise from 300 °C to 500 °C. Furthermore, the friction coefficient of the coated sample was more stable than the substrate, with different scratch track morphologies between the samples before and after the oxidation test.
通过多弧离子镀在钛合金上沉积了 TiN/TiAlSiN 纳米复合多层涂层。在 25 ℃、300 ℃ 和 500 ℃ 温度条件下，使用球盘摩擦磨损试验仪研究了 TiN/TiAlSiN 多层涂层对 Si3N4 的磨损行为。此外，为了更深入地了解中温氧化产物，还在 500 °C 下进行了 10 小时的氧化试验。氧化试验后，多层涂层 XRD 图谱中的主峰从 TiN (111) 变为 Ti3AlN (111)。TiN/TiAlSiN 多层涂层的硬度为 1540 HV0.1，与基底相比显著提高了五倍。划痕测试的临界载荷为 52.3 N，表明涂层具有良好的附着性能。从 25 °C 到 300 °C 的磨损率急剧上升，而从 300 °C 到 500 °C 的磨损率则有所上升。此外，涂层样品的摩擦系数比基底更稳定，氧化测试前后样品的划痕轨迹形态各异。
{"title":"Wear Behavior of TiN/TiAlSiN Nanocomposite Multilayer Coatings from Ambient Temperature to Medium Temperature","authors":"Hairui Ma, Qiang Miao, Wenping Liang, Shijie Sun, Yan Qi, Feilong Jia, Xiangle Chang","doi":"10.3390/coatings14091139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14091139","url":null,"abstract":"TiN/TiAlSiN nanocomposite multilayer coatings were deposited on a titanium alloy by multi-arc ion plating. The investigation of the wear behavior of TiN/TiAlSiN multilayer coatings against Si3N4 was conducted at temperatures of 25 °C, 300 °C, and 500 °C using a ball-on-disk tribometer. Additionally, to gain a deeper understanding of medium-temperature oxidation products, an oxidation test was performed at 500 °C for 10 h. The microstructure and chemical composition of the coatings were evaluated by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The primary peak in the XRD pattern of the multilayer coating changed from TiN (111) to Ti3AlN (111) after the oxidation test. The hardness of the TiN/TiAlSiN multilayer coating was 1540 HV0.1, representing a notable five times improvement compared to the substrate. The critical load in the scratch test was 52.3 N, indicating robust adhesion performance. The wear rate exhibited a sharp increase from 25 °C to 300 °C, compared to the rise from 300 °C to 500 °C. Furthermore, the friction coefficient of the coated sample was more stable than the substrate, with different scratch track morphologies between the samples before and after the oxidation test.","PeriodicalId":10520,"journal":{"name":"Coatings","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142215833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-04DOI: 10.3390/coatings14091138
Yu Liu, Lijun Wang, Wenjie He, Yunpeng Liu
Previous studies on the physical properties of alloy materials often focus solely on analyzing the impact of individual alloying element content, overlooking the underlying mechanism behind the synergistic action of multiple alloying elements. Therefore, in this study, we propose a combination of high-throughput computation and numerical analysis to conduct single-element (SE) analysis and multi-element (ME) analysis on the internal relationships between alloying element content and physical properties for the multi-component Nix1Crx2Cox3Al15Ti10 alloys, aiming to elucidate the competition mechanism among the Ni, Cr, and Co elements. The analysis of SE reveals how the physical properties of alloys are affected by the content of each individual alloying element, and the ME analysis further unveils the underlying competitive relationships among multiple alloying elements. The order of competitive intensity for the formation of lattice constant is Cr > Co > Ni, whereas for the formation of elastic constants and elastic moduli it is Ni > Co > Cr. At the same time, there are contradictory conclusions, such as the SE analysis showing that the Ni content is positively correlated with elastic constant C11, while the ME analysis demonstrates that the Ni element produces a negative competitive direction. This outcome arises from the omission of considering the combined impacts of various alloying elements in SE analysis. Therefore, the ME analysis can compensate for the limitations of SE analysis, and the integration of these two analytical methods is more conducive to elucidating the competition mechanism among various alloying elements in shaping the physical properties of alloys, which provides a promising avenue for theoretical research.
以往有关合金材料物理性能的研究往往只关注分析单个合金元素含量的影响，而忽略了多种合金元素协同作用背后的内在机制。因此，在本研究中，我们提出将高通量计算与数值分析相结合，对多组分 Nix1Crx2Cox3Al15Ti10 合金进行单元素（SE）分析和多元素（ME）分析，研究合金元素含量与物理性能之间的内在关系，旨在阐明 Ni、Cr 和 Co 元素之间的竞争机制。SE 分析揭示了合金的物理性质如何受到各合金元素含量的影响，而 ME 分析则进一步揭示了多种合金元素之间的潜在竞争关系。形成晶格常数的竞争强度顺序为 Cr > Co > Ni，而形成弹性常数和弹性模量的竞争强度顺序为 Ni > Co > Cr。同时，也有一些相互矛盾的结论，例如 SE 分析表明，镍含量与弹性常数 C11 呈正相关，而 ME 分析表明，镍元素产生了负竞争方向。造成这种结果的原因是 SE 分析未考虑各种合金元素的综合影响。因此，ME 分析法可以弥补 SE 分析法的局限性，将这两种分析方法结合起来，更有利于阐明各种合金元素在塑造合金物理性能过程中的竞争机制，为理论研究提供了一条前景广阔的途径。
{"title":"Study on the Alloying Elements Competition Mechanism of Nix1Crx2Cox3Al15Ti10 Alloys Based on High-Throughput Computation and Numerical Analysis","authors":"Yu Liu, Lijun Wang, Wenjie He, Yunpeng Liu","doi":"10.3390/coatings14091138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14091138","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies on the physical properties of alloy materials often focus solely on analyzing the impact of individual alloying element content, overlooking the underlying mechanism behind the synergistic action of multiple alloying elements. Therefore, in this study, we propose a combination of high-throughput computation and numerical analysis to conduct single-element (SE) analysis and multi-element (ME) analysis on the internal relationships between alloying element content and physical properties for the multi-component Nix1Crx2Cox3Al15Ti10 alloys, aiming to elucidate the competition mechanism among the Ni, Cr, and Co elements. The analysis of SE reveals how the physical properties of alloys are affected by the content of each individual alloying element, and the ME analysis further unveils the underlying competitive relationships among multiple alloying elements. The order of competitive intensity for the formation of lattice constant is Cr > Co > Ni, whereas for the formation of elastic constants and elastic moduli it is Ni > Co > Cr. At the same time, there are contradictory conclusions, such as the SE analysis showing that the Ni content is positively correlated with elastic constant C11, while the ME analysis demonstrates that the Ni element produces a negative competitive direction. This outcome arises from the omission of considering the combined impacts of various alloying elements in SE analysis. Therefore, the ME analysis can compensate for the limitations of SE analysis, and the integration of these two analytical methods is more conducive to elucidating the competition mechanism among various alloying elements in shaping the physical properties of alloys, which provides a promising avenue for theoretical research.","PeriodicalId":10520,"journal":{"name":"Coatings","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142215838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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