Pub Date : 2024-09-09DOI: 10.3390/coatings14091159
Bruna Farias, Francisca Rizzi, Rafael Gerhardt, Eduardo Ribeiro, Daiane Dias, Tito Roberto Cadaval, Luiz Antonio Pinto
This study explores the effect of chitosan molecular weight on the formation of chitosan-based films by electrospraying process. The oxidative pathway was employed in chitosan with 220.1 kDa to obtain samples with 124.5 and 52.7 kDa. Both samples of depolymerized chitosan resulted in spheres within electrosprayed chitosan-based films due to a higher deacetylation degree (~85%). The increase in molecular weight (52.7 to 124.5 kDa) resulted in nanospheres (562 nm) within electrosprayed chitosan-based films, enhancing the surface area-to-volume ratio of the material. The electrospraying process maintained the structural integrity and thermal stability of all chitosan-based films while reducing their crystallinity. These findings highlight the impact of chitosan properties, particularly molecular weight, on the physicochemical characteristics of electrosprayed chitosan-based films. For instance, this work provides insights for the application of electrosprayed chitosan-based films in various fields.
{"title":"Electrosprayed Chitosan Nanospheres-Based Films: Evaluating the Effect of Molecular Weight on Physicochemical Properties","authors":"Bruna Farias, Francisca Rizzi, Rafael Gerhardt, Eduardo Ribeiro, Daiane Dias, Tito Roberto Cadaval, Luiz Antonio Pinto","doi":"10.3390/coatings14091159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14091159","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the effect of chitosan molecular weight on the formation of chitosan-based films by electrospraying process. The oxidative pathway was employed in chitosan with 220.1 kDa to obtain samples with 124.5 and 52.7 kDa. Both samples of depolymerized chitosan resulted in spheres within electrosprayed chitosan-based films due to a higher deacetylation degree (~85%). The increase in molecular weight (52.7 to 124.5 kDa) resulted in nanospheres (562 nm) within electrosprayed chitosan-based films, enhancing the surface area-to-volume ratio of the material. The electrospraying process maintained the structural integrity and thermal stability of all chitosan-based films while reducing their crystallinity. These findings highlight the impact of chitosan properties, particularly molecular weight, on the physicochemical characteristics of electrosprayed chitosan-based films. For instance, this work provides insights for the application of electrosprayed chitosan-based films in various fields.","PeriodicalId":10520,"journal":{"name":"Coatings","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142215940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-09DOI: 10.3390/coatings14091160
Jiewen Wang, Jun Li, Lina Tang, Taotao Wu, Xin Liu, Yixue Wang
Due to the harsh operating conditions experienced by 1Cr17Ni2 steel, efforts were made to optimize its performance by subjecting 1Cr17Ni2 stainless steel to nitriding treatments at temperatures of 460 °C, 500 °C, and 550 °C, each for durations of 8 and 16 h. The formation state of its cross section was observed through a metallurgical microscope and scanning electron microscope, and it was characterized by hardness measurement. Through a ball-on-disk wear experiment, the adhesive wear and friction coefficient of its non-lubricated sliding were measured. The phase composition of its surface was measured by XRD. The results revealed that nitriding led to the formation of a modified layer on the surface of the samples, with a depth of 130 μm after nitriding at 550 °C for 16 h. The hardness of the modified layer exceeded that of the matrix, reaching up to 1400 Hv0.1. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the sample surfaces indicated the presence of high-hardness phases such as CrN, γ′-Fe4N, and ε-Fe2-3N. This article predicts the mechanical properties of nitrided phases in high-alloy martensitic stainless steel through first-principles computational methods. We provide a reference for improving the performance of high-alloy steel after nitriding through a combination of theoretical calculations and experiments.
{"title":"Theoretical Calculations and Experimental Study of the Nitrided Layer of 1Cr17Ni2 Steel","authors":"Jiewen Wang, Jun Li, Lina Tang, Taotao Wu, Xin Liu, Yixue Wang","doi":"10.3390/coatings14091160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14091160","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the harsh operating conditions experienced by 1Cr17Ni2 steel, efforts were made to optimize its performance by subjecting 1Cr17Ni2 stainless steel to nitriding treatments at temperatures of 460 °C, 500 °C, and 550 °C, each for durations of 8 and 16 h. The formation state of its cross section was observed through a metallurgical microscope and scanning electron microscope, and it was characterized by hardness measurement. Through a ball-on-disk wear experiment, the adhesive wear and friction coefficient of its non-lubricated sliding were measured. The phase composition of its surface was measured by XRD. The results revealed that nitriding led to the formation of a modified layer on the surface of the samples, with a depth of 130 μm after nitriding at 550 °C for 16 h. The hardness of the modified layer exceeded that of the matrix, reaching up to 1400 Hv0.1. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the sample surfaces indicated the presence of high-hardness phases such as CrN, γ′-Fe4N, and ε-Fe2-3N. This article predicts the mechanical properties of nitrided phases in high-alloy martensitic stainless steel through first-principles computational methods. We provide a reference for improving the performance of high-alloy steel after nitriding through a combination of theoretical calculations and experiments.","PeriodicalId":10520,"journal":{"name":"Coatings","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142215941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The integration of self-assembled monolayers (SAM) into cobalt (Co)/porous low-dielectric-constant (low-k) dielectric interconnects is studied in terms of electrical characteristics and reliability in this work. Experimental results indicated that SAM derived from 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) improved breakdown field, time-dependent dielectric breakdown, and adhesion for Co/porous low-k integrated interconnects. However, the improvement magnitude was not large as compared to SAM in the Cu/porous low-k integration. Therefore, the integration of SAM into Co/porous low-k interconnects has a positive effect; however, in order to further promote the efficiency of SAM for Co/porous low-k interconnects, the option of precursors for the growth of SAM is required.
本文从电气特性和可靠性的角度研究了将自组装单层膜（SAM）集成到钴（Co）/多孔低介电常数（low-k）介质互连器件中的问题。实验结果表明，源自 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) 的 SAM 改善了钴/多孔低介电常数集成互连器件的击穿场强、随时间变化的介电击穿和附着力。然而，与铜/多孔低 k 集成中的 SAM 相比，改善幅度并不大。因此，在钴/多孔低烷基互连器件中集成 SAM 有积极的作用；但是，为了进一步提高钴/多孔低烷基互连器件中 SAM 的效率，需要选择用于 SAM 生长的前驱体。
{"title":"Integration of Self-Assembled Monolayers for Cobalt/Porous Low-k Interconnects","authors":"Yi-Lung Cheng, Joe Kao, Hao-Wei Zhang, Bo-Jie Liao, Giin-Shan Chen, Jau-Shiung Fang","doi":"10.3390/coatings14091162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14091162","url":null,"abstract":"The integration of self-assembled monolayers (SAM) into cobalt (Co)/porous low-dielectric-constant (low-k) dielectric interconnects is studied in terms of electrical characteristics and reliability in this work. Experimental results indicated that SAM derived from 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) improved breakdown field, time-dependent dielectric breakdown, and adhesion for Co/porous low-k integrated interconnects. However, the improvement magnitude was not large as compared to SAM in the Cu/porous low-k integration. Therefore, the integration of SAM into Co/porous low-k interconnects has a positive effect; however, in order to further promote the efficiency of SAM for Co/porous low-k interconnects, the option of precursors for the growth of SAM is required.","PeriodicalId":10520,"journal":{"name":"Coatings","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142215943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-08DOI: 10.3390/coatings14091155
Siddratul Sarah binti Mohd Hami, Nor Dalila Nor Affandi, Liliana Indrie, Ahmad Mukifza Harun
Nanofibre-based membranes have shown great potential for removing textile wastewater due to their high porosity and surface area. However, nanofibre membranes exhibit lower dye removal efficiency. Hence, this study aims to improve the dye removal performance of nanofibre membranes by incorporating zeolites. The research involved fabricating composite membranes by electrospinning polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibres incorporated with zeolites. Mechanical strength was enhanced by placing the PVA/zeolite nanofibre membrane between fusible nonwoven interfacing and woven polyester fabric, followed by heat treatment. Morphological analysis revealed the uniform dispersion of zeolite particles within the PVA nanofibres. EDX analysis confirmed the successful incorporation of zeolites into the fibres. Among all membrane samples, the PZ-0.75 membrane exhibited the highest pure water flux (PWF) with approximately 1358.57 L·m−2·min−1 for distilled water and 499.85 L·m−2·min−1 for batik wastewater. Turbidity of batik wastewater increased proportionally with zeolite concentration, with removal rates of 84.79%, 78.8%, 76.96%, and 74.19% for PZ-0.75, PZ-0.5, PZ-0.25, and PVA membranes, respectively. Furthermore, the UV/Vis spectrophotometer demonstrated that dye removal efficiency increased from 2.22% to 8.89% as the zeolite concentration increased from 0% to 0.75%. In addition, the PZ-0.75 membrane effectively removed RR dye at a concentration of 1 mg/L, with an optimal contact time of approximately 60 min. The adsorption mechanism of the PZ-0.75 membrane aligns with the Freundlich model, with an R2 value of 0.983. Overall, this study demonstrates the efficiency of zeolite in the fabric substrates to improve the filtration and adsorption properties for wastewater treatment, particularly in textile industries.
{"title":"Removal of Remazol Red Dyes Using Zeolites-Loaded Nanofibre Coated on Fabric Substrates","authors":"Siddratul Sarah binti Mohd Hami, Nor Dalila Nor Affandi, Liliana Indrie, Ahmad Mukifza Harun","doi":"10.3390/coatings14091155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14091155","url":null,"abstract":"Nanofibre-based membranes have shown great potential for removing textile wastewater due to their high porosity and surface area. However, nanofibre membranes exhibit lower dye removal efficiency. Hence, this study aims to improve the dye removal performance of nanofibre membranes by incorporating zeolites. The research involved fabricating composite membranes by electrospinning polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibres incorporated with zeolites. Mechanical strength was enhanced by placing the PVA/zeolite nanofibre membrane between fusible nonwoven interfacing and woven polyester fabric, followed by heat treatment. Morphological analysis revealed the uniform dispersion of zeolite particles within the PVA nanofibres. EDX analysis confirmed the successful incorporation of zeolites into the fibres. Among all membrane samples, the PZ-0.75 membrane exhibited the highest pure water flux (PWF) with approximately 1358.57 L·m−2·min−1 for distilled water and 499.85 L·m−2·min−1 for batik wastewater. Turbidity of batik wastewater increased proportionally with zeolite concentration, with removal rates of 84.79%, 78.8%, 76.96%, and 74.19% for PZ-0.75, PZ-0.5, PZ-0.25, and PVA membranes, respectively. Furthermore, the UV/Vis spectrophotometer demonstrated that dye removal efficiency increased from 2.22% to 8.89% as the zeolite concentration increased from 0% to 0.75%. In addition, the PZ-0.75 membrane effectively removed RR dye at a concentration of 1 mg/L, with an optimal contact time of approximately 60 min. The adsorption mechanism of the PZ-0.75 membrane aligns with the Freundlich model, with an R2 value of 0.983. Overall, this study demonstrates the efficiency of zeolite in the fabric substrates to improve the filtration and adsorption properties for wastewater treatment, particularly in textile industries.","PeriodicalId":10520,"journal":{"name":"Coatings","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142215799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To improve the mechanical properties of a TC4 surface, TC4 + Ni-MoS2 + xWC (x = 5%, 10% and 15% wt.%) composite coatings were prepared by the coaxial feeding laser cladding technique, and the effect of the WC content on the microstructure and tribological properties of the coatings were investigated using multiple characterization methods. The results indicated that increasing the WC content negatively impacted the forming quality of the coating, but did not change the coating phase which predominantly comprised Ti2Ni, Ti2S, TiC, matrix β-Ti and residual WC. With the addition of WC, TiC exhibited an increase in both quantity and particle size, accompanied by a transition in growth morphology from spherical to petal-like. MoS2 completely dissolved in all coatings and the S element provided by it effectively synthesized a strip-like phase Ti2S which presented a morphology similar to the lubricating phase TiS in the Ti-based melt pool system. The microhardness and wear-resistance of all the coatings were higher than that of TC4 and gradually improved with the addition of WC, which indicated that raising the WC content was conducive to enhancing the mechanical properties of the coatings. The friction coefficient of TC4 was lower than that of the three WC content coatings, indicating that Ti2S was not the lubricating phase. The wear mechanism of all coatings was abrasive wear.
{"title":"Microstructure and Tribological Properties of WC/Ni-MoS2 Titanium-Based Composite Coating on TC4","authors":"Changhao Wang, Xiaohui Yan, Tiangang Zhang, Qiyu Zhang, Zhiqiang Zhang","doi":"10.3390/coatings14091157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14091157","url":null,"abstract":"To improve the mechanical properties of a TC4 surface, TC4 + Ni-MoS2 + xWC (x = 5%, 10% and 15% wt.%) composite coatings were prepared by the coaxial feeding laser cladding technique, and the effect of the WC content on the microstructure and tribological properties of the coatings were investigated using multiple characterization methods. The results indicated that increasing the WC content negatively impacted the forming quality of the coating, but did not change the coating phase which predominantly comprised Ti2Ni, Ti2S, TiC, matrix β-Ti and residual WC. With the addition of WC, TiC exhibited an increase in both quantity and particle size, accompanied by a transition in growth morphology from spherical to petal-like. MoS2 completely dissolved in all coatings and the S element provided by it effectively synthesized a strip-like phase Ti2S which presented a morphology similar to the lubricating phase TiS in the Ti-based melt pool system. The microhardness and wear-resistance of all the coatings were higher than that of TC4 and gradually improved with the addition of WC, which indicated that raising the WC content was conducive to enhancing the mechanical properties of the coatings. The friction coefficient of TC4 was lower than that of the three WC content coatings, indicating that Ti2S was not the lubricating phase. The wear mechanism of all coatings was abrasive wear.","PeriodicalId":10520,"journal":{"name":"Coatings","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142215798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-08DOI: 10.3390/coatings14091154
Ruslan E. Nurlybayev, Erzhan I. Kuldeyev, Zaure N. Altayeva, Zhanar O. Zhumadilova, Axaya S. Yestemessova, Yelzhan S. Orynbekov
This article presents the results of research work devoted to improving the characteristics of paint and varnish coatings based on aqueous dispersions of polyacrylates; it is proposed to modify them by introducing mineral raw materials as fillers and hydrated lime, with subsequent processing in a vortex layer apparatus. The introduction of activated diatomite does not cause the deterioration of covering power, adhesion or an increase in the porosity of the paint material. The modification of coatings contributes to an increase in their operational properties, which can be associated with a reduction in the free volume in the composite and the formation of polymer boundary layers with modified physical and chemical properties. The aim of this study is to obtain a water-dispersion paint and varnish composition containing modified diatomite on a polyacrylate basis and, subsequently, study its main physical and mechanical parameters. The work has been carried out by the following method: determination of porosity, adhesion, elasticity and covering power of the control composition; determination of porosity, adhesion, elasticity and covering power of the obtained composites using modified filler; investigation of the influence of radiation on the infrared spectrum of the paint coating surface using a FLIRB620 thermal imager. As a result of this research work, it was noticed that the modification of water dispersions with silica-activated diatomite helps to eliminate the main disadvantages of materials and coatings based on acrylate binders—low water resistance and low physical and mechanical characteristics. The introduction of modified diatomite into water-emulsion paint on an acrylate base does not lead to the deterioration of the main performance characteristics of paint coatings—porosity, adhesion, elasticity and covering.
{"title":"Study of Properties of Water-Dispersion Paint and Varnish Compositions with the Content of Modified Mineral Filler","authors":"Ruslan E. Nurlybayev, Erzhan I. Kuldeyev, Zaure N. Altayeva, Zhanar O. Zhumadilova, Axaya S. Yestemessova, Yelzhan S. Orynbekov","doi":"10.3390/coatings14091154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14091154","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the results of research work devoted to improving the characteristics of paint and varnish coatings based on aqueous dispersions of polyacrylates; it is proposed to modify them by introducing mineral raw materials as fillers and hydrated lime, with subsequent processing in a vortex layer apparatus. The introduction of activated diatomite does not cause the deterioration of covering power, adhesion or an increase in the porosity of the paint material. The modification of coatings contributes to an increase in their operational properties, which can be associated with a reduction in the free volume in the composite and the formation of polymer boundary layers with modified physical and chemical properties. The aim of this study is to obtain a water-dispersion paint and varnish composition containing modified diatomite on a polyacrylate basis and, subsequently, study its main physical and mechanical parameters. The work has been carried out by the following method: determination of porosity, adhesion, elasticity and covering power of the control composition; determination of porosity, adhesion, elasticity and covering power of the obtained composites using modified filler; investigation of the influence of radiation on the infrared spectrum of the paint coating surface using a FLIRB620 thermal imager. As a result of this research work, it was noticed that the modification of water dispersions with silica-activated diatomite helps to eliminate the main disadvantages of materials and coatings based on acrylate binders—low water resistance and low physical and mechanical characteristics. The introduction of modified diatomite into water-emulsion paint on an acrylate base does not lead to the deterioration of the main performance characteristics of paint coatings—porosity, adhesion, elasticity and covering.","PeriodicalId":10520,"journal":{"name":"Coatings","volume":"180 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142215945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Superhydrophobic nanocomposite coatings, prepared using adhesive and fillers, offer advantages including ease of fabrication and suitability for large-scale applications, but compared with other types of artificial superhydrophobic surfaces, poor durability still limits these surfaces from practical applications. The utilization of micro/nanoscale particles with both intrinsic hydrophobicity and robust mechanical properties to prepare coatings should significantly contribute to enhanced durability. Herein, rough and hydrophobic particles with micro/nano hierarchical structures were prepared at first, and robust superhydrophobic surfaces were fabricated using the prepared particles and additional nanoparticles. The initially prepared particles formed a rough framework of the coating, while additional nanoparticles provided inevitable nanoscale structures. A series of mechanical tests were carried out to validate the durability, and the surface with 20 wt.% NPs exhibited the best performance, withstanding 30 tape peeling tests, a 2.47 m sandpaper rubbing test (at a pressure of 5 kPa), the impact of 200 g of grit dropped from a height of 20 cm, and a 2 h acidic immersion. These appealing materials may attract attention for self-cleaning, anti-icing, and anti-fouling applications in the coatings industry.
{"title":"Preparation of Robust Superhydrophobic Coatings Using Hydrophobic and Tough Micro/Nano Particles","authors":"Tianyi Feng, Yifan Liu, Siyan Ye, Liping Sheng, Binrui Wu, Lingcai Huang","doi":"10.3390/coatings14091156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14091156","url":null,"abstract":"Superhydrophobic nanocomposite coatings, prepared using adhesive and fillers, offer advantages including ease of fabrication and suitability for large-scale applications, but compared with other types of artificial superhydrophobic surfaces, poor durability still limits these surfaces from practical applications. The utilization of micro/nanoscale particles with both intrinsic hydrophobicity and robust mechanical properties to prepare coatings should significantly contribute to enhanced durability. Herein, rough and hydrophobic particles with micro/nano hierarchical structures were prepared at first, and robust superhydrophobic surfaces were fabricated using the prepared particles and additional nanoparticles. The initially prepared particles formed a rough framework of the coating, while additional nanoparticles provided inevitable nanoscale structures. A series of mechanical tests were carried out to validate the durability, and the surface with 20 wt.% NPs exhibited the best performance, withstanding 30 tape peeling tests, a 2.47 m sandpaper rubbing test (at a pressure of 5 kPa), the impact of 200 g of grit dropped from a height of 20 cm, and a 2 h acidic immersion. These appealing materials may attract attention for self-cleaning, anti-icing, and anti-fouling applications in the coatings industry.","PeriodicalId":10520,"journal":{"name":"Coatings","volume":"372 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142215797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-07DOI: 10.3390/coatings14091152
Ian Didiere Vázquez-Aguirre, Alvaro Torres-Islas, Edna Vázquez-Vélez, Horacio Martínez, Adrián del Pozo-Mares, Ave María Cotero-Villegas
Acid rain is one of the primary corrosive agents on bronze exposed to the atmosphere. Bronze naturally forms a layer of oxides on its surface called patina, protecting it from corrosion. However, when exposed to acid rain, this layer dissolves, making it necessary to use a corrosion inhibitor or stabilize the patina. This study investigated fatty imidazolines derived from agro-industrial waste bran as a corrosion inhibitor of SAE-62 bronze in simulated acid rain (pH of 4.16 ± 0.1). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization curve (PC) measurements were used to evaluate corrosion inhibition efficiency, which was 90% for an inhibitor concentration of 50 ppm. The EIS measurements showed that the fatty imidazolines formed a protective film that stabilized the patina on the bronze surface to a certain extent by hindering the charge transfer process. SEM–EDS analyzed the morphology and composition of the protective oxide layer. The results were complemented by Raman spectroscopy and XRD analysis, indicating cuprite, tenorite, cassiterite, and covellite in the patina layer formed on the bronze surface. The SEM analysis showed that the protective coating on the bronze surface was homogeneous using a 50-ppm inhibitor concentration. The XRD analysis suggested the presence of an organic complex that stabilizes the corrosion products formed on the bronze surface.
{"title":"Fatty Imidazolines as a Green Corrosion Inhibitor of Bronze Exposed to Acid Rain","authors":"Ian Didiere Vázquez-Aguirre, Alvaro Torres-Islas, Edna Vázquez-Vélez, Horacio Martínez, Adrián del Pozo-Mares, Ave María Cotero-Villegas","doi":"10.3390/coatings14091152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14091152","url":null,"abstract":"Acid rain is one of the primary corrosive agents on bronze exposed to the atmosphere. Bronze naturally forms a layer of oxides on its surface called patina, protecting it from corrosion. However, when exposed to acid rain, this layer dissolves, making it necessary to use a corrosion inhibitor or stabilize the patina. This study investigated fatty imidazolines derived from agro-industrial waste bran as a corrosion inhibitor of SAE-62 bronze in simulated acid rain (pH of 4.16 ± 0.1). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization curve (PC) measurements were used to evaluate corrosion inhibition efficiency, which was 90% for an inhibitor concentration of 50 ppm. The EIS measurements showed that the fatty imidazolines formed a protective film that stabilized the patina on the bronze surface to a certain extent by hindering the charge transfer process. SEM–EDS analyzed the morphology and composition of the protective oxide layer. The results were complemented by Raman spectroscopy and XRD analysis, indicating cuprite, tenorite, cassiterite, and covellite in the patina layer formed on the bronze surface. The SEM analysis showed that the protective coating on the bronze surface was homogeneous using a 50-ppm inhibitor concentration. The XRD analysis suggested the presence of an organic complex that stabilizes the corrosion products formed on the bronze surface.","PeriodicalId":10520,"journal":{"name":"Coatings","volume":"280 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142215802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-07DOI: 10.3390/coatings14091151
Olha Aleksieieva, Mustafa Bozoglu, Pavlo Tretiakov, Andrii Toporov, Sergiy Antonyuk
Refractory materials are used worldwide in process equipment. However, gaseous and liquid process products penetrate the surface layer and deep into the volume of refractories, destroying rather expensive constructions that are complicated to repair. To address this challenge, there is a need to develop protective coatings for refractory materials that can limit the penetration of working media and extend their operational lifespan. In this work, the application of gas-dynamic cold spraying (CGDS) to produce a coating on the refractory materials using fine titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles is explored. These particles are accelerated within a nitrogen flow, passing through a Laval nozzle, and then sprayed onto a fireclay surface. The mechanisms of particle deposition and layer formation on porous surfaces through experiments and numerical simulations were investigated. The geometry of a typical refractory pore was determined, which was then incorporated into computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to model the cold spraying process of porous substrates. As a result, the influence of the particle size on its velocity and angle of penetration into pores was established. Experimental findings demonstrate the effective closure of pores and the formation of a particle layer on the refractory surface. Furthermore, the nanoindentation tests for the refractory samples showcase capabilities for checking coating thickness for porous materials.
{"title":"Coating of Refractory Surfaces with Fine TiO2 Particles via Gas-Dynamic Cold Spraying","authors":"Olha Aleksieieva, Mustafa Bozoglu, Pavlo Tretiakov, Andrii Toporov, Sergiy Antonyuk","doi":"10.3390/coatings14091151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14091151","url":null,"abstract":"Refractory materials are used worldwide in process equipment. However, gaseous and liquid process products penetrate the surface layer and deep into the volume of refractories, destroying rather expensive constructions that are complicated to repair. To address this challenge, there is a need to develop protective coatings for refractory materials that can limit the penetration of working media and extend their operational lifespan. In this work, the application of gas-dynamic cold spraying (CGDS) to produce a coating on the refractory materials using fine titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles is explored. These particles are accelerated within a nitrogen flow, passing through a Laval nozzle, and then sprayed onto a fireclay surface. The mechanisms of particle deposition and layer formation on porous surfaces through experiments and numerical simulations were investigated. The geometry of a typical refractory pore was determined, which was then incorporated into computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to model the cold spraying process of porous substrates. As a result, the influence of the particle size on its velocity and angle of penetration into pores was established. Experimental findings demonstrate the effective closure of pores and the formation of a particle layer on the refractory surface. Furthermore, the nanoindentation tests for the refractory samples showcase capabilities for checking coating thickness for porous materials.","PeriodicalId":10520,"journal":{"name":"Coatings","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142215801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, a NiCr/YSZ coating was applied to a γ-TiAl surface using multi-arc ion plating technology to enhance its high-temperature performance and explore the mechanisms of high-temperature oxidation and thermal corrosion. The thermal corrosion properties of the γ-TiAl matrix and NiCr/YSZ coating were investigated at 850 °C and 950 °C using a constant-temperature corrosion test in a 75% Na2SO4 + 25% NaCl mixture. The results indicate that after 100 h, the thermal corrosion weight gain of the coating samples was 70.1 mg/cm2 at 850 °C and 118.2 mg/cm2 at 950 °C. At these temperatures, sulfide formation on the surface increases, leading to a loose and porous surface. After 100 h of high-temperature corrosion at 850 °C, the primary oxidation product on the surface of the coating was tetragonal-ZrO2. At 950 °C, Y2O3, which mainly acts as a stabilizer in YSZ, reacted with Na2SO4, resulting in the continuous consumption of Y2O3. This reaction caused a substantial amount of tetragonal-ZrO2 to transform into monoclinic-ZrO2, altering the volume of the ceramic layer, which induced internal stress, crack propagation, and minor spallation. A continuous and dense internal thermally grown oxide (TGO) layer effectively impeded the diffusion of molten salt substances and oxygen, thereby significantly improving the thermal corrosion resistance of the thermal barrier coating.
{"title":"Thermal Corrosion Properties of Composite Ceramic Coating Prepared by Multi-Arc Ion Plating","authors":"Feng Ding, Xiaoxin Wei, Jiangdong Cao, Yujie Ma, Hongbin Su, Ting Zhao, Jiahan You, Yazhong Lv","doi":"10.3390/coatings14091150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14091150","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a NiCr/YSZ coating was applied to a γ-TiAl surface using multi-arc ion plating technology to enhance its high-temperature performance and explore the mechanisms of high-temperature oxidation and thermal corrosion. The thermal corrosion properties of the γ-TiAl matrix and NiCr/YSZ coating were investigated at 850 °C and 950 °C using a constant-temperature corrosion test in a 75% Na2SO4 + 25% NaCl mixture. The results indicate that after 100 h, the thermal corrosion weight gain of the coating samples was 70.1 mg/cm2 at 850 °C and 118.2 mg/cm2 at 950 °C. At these temperatures, sulfide formation on the surface increases, leading to a loose and porous surface. After 100 h of high-temperature corrosion at 850 °C, the primary oxidation product on the surface of the coating was tetragonal-ZrO2. At 950 °C, Y2O3, which mainly acts as a stabilizer in YSZ, reacted with Na2SO4, resulting in the continuous consumption of Y2O3. This reaction caused a substantial amount of tetragonal-ZrO2 to transform into monoclinic-ZrO2, altering the volume of the ceramic layer, which induced internal stress, crack propagation, and minor spallation. A continuous and dense internal thermally grown oxide (TGO) layer effectively impeded the diffusion of molten salt substances and oxygen, thereby significantly improving the thermal corrosion resistance of the thermal barrier coating.","PeriodicalId":10520,"journal":{"name":"Coatings","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142215800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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