This research employed triethylenetetramine as a chelating agent to successfully synthesize a chelating-functional waterborne polyurethane (CWPU) dispersion by adjusting the ratio of hard and soft segments and optimizing the molecular structure through the use of a chain extender. This allowed for the establishment of a stable WPU/Ag composite emulsion system upon the addition of silver nitrate, and during the film formation process, the reducing properties of polyols were employed to in situ reduce Ag+, resulting in the formation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Structural characterization analyses, including FTIR and XRD, verified that the reduced AgNPs were evenly distributed in the WPU matrix, and SEM observations revealed the presence of reduced AgNPs on the film. Further, contact angle and TG tests were performed to explore the impact of AgNPs on the hydrophilicity and thermal stability of the film. By applying WPU/Ag to cotton fabric through a padding finishing technique, the fabric retained a breathability of over 64.7% and mechanical properties exceeding 70.9%. Following 20 standardized washes, the antibacterial efficacy against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus remained above 99%. Even after undergoing 1200 abrasion tests, the antibacterial efficacy for both bacteria was sustained at over 93%, and the antibacterial rate continued to exceed 99% after a 6 h immersion in hot water. These findings suggest that the composite material possesses outstanding thermal stability, durability, and mechanical characteristics. This research offers a new methodology for the development of textiles that combine both usability and prolonged antibacterial efficacy.
{"title":"Silver Ion-Chelated Waterborne Polyurethane Based Antibacterial Cotton Fabric via Coordination-Driven Immobilization","authors":"Qiang Gao, Yajie Wang, Jianing Wang, Jiahao Sun, Jiqiang Cao, Zengying Liu, Xiang Liu","doi":"10.3390/coatings15060631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15060631","url":null,"abstract":"This research employed triethylenetetramine as a chelating agent to successfully synthesize a chelating-functional waterborne polyurethane (CWPU) dispersion by adjusting the ratio of hard and soft segments and optimizing the molecular structure through the use of a chain extender. This allowed for the establishment of a stable WPU/Ag composite emulsion system upon the addition of silver nitrate, and during the film formation process, the reducing properties of polyols were employed to in situ reduce Ag+, resulting in the formation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Structural characterization analyses, including FTIR and XRD, verified that the reduced AgNPs were evenly distributed in the WPU matrix, and SEM observations revealed the presence of reduced AgNPs on the film. Further, contact angle and TG tests were performed to explore the impact of AgNPs on the hydrophilicity and thermal stability of the film. By applying WPU/Ag to cotton fabric through a padding finishing technique, the fabric retained a breathability of over 64.7% and mechanical properties exceeding 70.9%. Following 20 standardized washes, the antibacterial efficacy against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus remained above 99%. Even after undergoing 1200 abrasion tests, the antibacterial efficacy for both bacteria was sustained at over 93%, and the antibacterial rate continued to exceed 99% after a 6 h immersion in hot water. These findings suggest that the composite material possesses outstanding thermal stability, durability, and mechanical characteristics. This research offers a new methodology for the development of textiles that combine both usability and prolonged antibacterial efficacy.","PeriodicalId":10520,"journal":{"name":"Coatings","volume":"15 6","pages":"631-631"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6412/15/6/631/pdf?version=1748079442","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147334001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Implant-associated infections (IAIs) are major complications in dental and orthopedic implants, potentially compromising osseointegration and eventually causing implant loosening or removal. Thus, early prevention of bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation is critical for successful long-term osseointegration. Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) exhibits excellent physicochemical properties and an elastic modulus similar to bone tissue, making it a promising material for dental and orthopedic implants. However, its inherent lack of antibacterial properties limits its ability to prevent IAIs. Herein, an antibacterial coating with controlled drug release and excellent biocompatibility is designed by immobilizing minocycline (Mino)-doped carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) onto the PEEK surface via a polydopamine (PDA)-mediated Michael addition and Schiff base reaction. The coating is characterized by SEM, XPS, water contact angle measurements, and in vitro Mino release assays. Antibacterial activity is evaluated using the zone of inhibition (ZOI), turbidity, and colony counting assays, while biocompatibility is assessed through a SEM analysis of cell morphology and CCK-8 assay. The results show that the Mino-modified coating is successfully fabricated on the PEEK surface, achieving sustained Mino release for up to 14 days. Among the three Mino concentrations, the PEEK-0.5Mino group demonstrates the best balance of antibacterial activity and biocompatibility, highlighting its potential for preventing IAIs in orthopedic and dental applications.
{"title":"Concentration-Optimized Minocycline-Modified Antimicrobial Coatings on Polyetheretherketone for the Prevention of Implant-Associated Infections","authors":"Yongheng Zhang, Longyu Zhang, Yuehong Zhang, Pingping Yu, Qin Hu, Ying Liu, Yanyan Zheng","doi":"10.3390/coatings15060622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15060622","url":null,"abstract":"Implant-associated infections (IAIs) are major complications in dental and orthopedic implants, potentially compromising osseointegration and eventually causing implant loosening or removal. Thus, early prevention of bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation is critical for successful long-term osseointegration. Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) exhibits excellent physicochemical properties and an elastic modulus similar to bone tissue, making it a promising material for dental and orthopedic implants. However, its inherent lack of antibacterial properties limits its ability to prevent IAIs. Herein, an antibacterial coating with controlled drug release and excellent biocompatibility is designed by immobilizing minocycline (Mino)-doped carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) onto the PEEK surface via a polydopamine (PDA)-mediated Michael addition and Schiff base reaction. The coating is characterized by SEM, XPS, water contact angle measurements, and in vitro Mino release assays. Antibacterial activity is evaluated using the zone of inhibition (ZOI), turbidity, and colony counting assays, while biocompatibility is assessed through a SEM analysis of cell morphology and CCK-8 assay. The results show that the Mino-modified coating is successfully fabricated on the PEEK surface, achieving sustained Mino release for up to 14 days. Among the three Mino concentrations, the PEEK-0.5Mino group demonstrates the best balance of antibacterial activity and biocompatibility, highlighting its potential for preventing IAIs in orthopedic and dental applications.","PeriodicalId":10520,"journal":{"name":"Coatings","volume":"15 6","pages":"622-622"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6412/15/6/622/pdf?version=1747929570","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147332257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-21DOI: 10.3390/coatings15050613
Kai Zheng, Zhaoxu Guang, Zihan Wang, Yangu Liu, Xiaoling Cheng, Yuan Liu
The rapid pace of industrialization has led to widespread heavy metal contamination in water and soil, highlighting the need for efficient remediation strategies. Among various approaches, adsorption has proven to be an effective method for treating contaminated environments. Layered double hydroxide (LDH) is frequently used in such applications. However, its adsorption efficiency remains limited. In this study, glutamic acid diacetate tetrasodium salt (GLDA) was incorporated into ZnAl LDH via a straightforward co-precipitation and ion exchange method, yielding a modified material, GLDA-LDH, which was subsequently applied for the adsorption of Pb(II) and Cd(II). Adsorption behavior was investigated through kinetic and isothermal models, with results indicating that the process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics and fit well with the Langmuir isotherm, suggesting chemisorption onto monolayer surface. The maximum adsorption capacities reached 219.2 mg/g for Pb(II) and 121.9 mg/g for Cd(II). Furthermore, GLDA-LDH exhibited a strong retention capability for metal ions with minimal desorption and remained effective in the presence of hard water and contaminated soils. XPS analysis revealed distinct interaction mechanisms; surface oxygen and carboxyl groups played a key role in Pb(II) adsorption, whereas nitrogen coordination was involved in Cd(II) uptake. These results point to the potential of GLDA-LDH as a reliable material for addressing heavy metal pollution and provide insights into the design of enhanced LDH-based adsorbents.
{"title":"Robust Adsorption of Pb(II) and Cd(II) by GLDA-Intercalated ZnAl-LDH: Structural Engineering, Mechanistic Insights, and Environmental Applications","authors":"Kai Zheng, Zhaoxu Guang, Zihan Wang, Yangu Liu, Xiaoling Cheng, Yuan Liu","doi":"10.3390/coatings15050613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15050613","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid pace of industrialization has led to widespread heavy metal contamination in water and soil, highlighting the need for efficient remediation strategies. Among various approaches, adsorption has proven to be an effective method for treating contaminated environments. Layered double hydroxide (LDH) is frequently used in such applications. However, its adsorption efficiency remains limited. In this study, glutamic acid diacetate tetrasodium salt (GLDA) was incorporated into ZnAl LDH via a straightforward co-precipitation and ion exchange method, yielding a modified material, GLDA-LDH, which was subsequently applied for the adsorption of Pb(II) and Cd(II). Adsorption behavior was investigated through kinetic and isothermal models, with results indicating that the process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics and fit well with the Langmuir isotherm, suggesting chemisorption onto monolayer surface. The maximum adsorption capacities reached 219.2 mg/g for Pb(II) and 121.9 mg/g for Cd(II). Furthermore, GLDA-LDH exhibited a strong retention capability for metal ions with minimal desorption and remained effective in the presence of hard water and contaminated soils. XPS analysis revealed distinct interaction mechanisms; surface oxygen and carboxyl groups played a key role in Pb(II) adsorption, whereas nitrogen coordination was involved in Cd(II) uptake. These results point to the potential of GLDA-LDH as a reliable material for addressing heavy metal pollution and provide insights into the design of enhanced LDH-based adsorbents.","PeriodicalId":10520,"journal":{"name":"Coatings","volume":"15 5","pages":"613-613"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147334047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-14DOI: 10.3390/coatings15050582
Yuqing Yang, Yiran Jing, Guangyong Liu
Three organic solvents, cyclohexane, n-hexane and n-heptane were selected to dissolve the Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Monomer (EPDM) to keep the mass fractions of EPDM solution at 5 wt% and 10 wt%, respectively. The viscosities of three EPDM solutions at different temperatures were measured by a rotary viscometer. The experimental results show that the concentration and temperature exert significant influences on the viscosities of the EPDM solutions, compared with the rotor type and rotational speed having no obvious effect on the viscosities. An EPDM solution with higher concentration shows remarkable higher viscosity. The viscosities show almost linear decline with increasing temperature within the experimental temperature range, which is also called a viscosity–temperature curve. However, the temperature dependences of viscosity are varied for the three different EPDM solutions. The compatibility between EPDM and solvents could be characterized by the energy difference (Ra) and Flory–Huggins interaction parameter (χ), which has also been attempted to be correlated with the viscosity–temperature curve and solvent molar volume. It is found that the smaller Ra value relates to better compatibility of the EPDM solution and greater slope of the viscosity–temperature curve. Furthermore, the viscosity of EPDM solution and the slope of the viscosity–temperature curve are affected more significantly by the molar volume of solvent when the Ra value is similar. A formula for predicting the viscosity of EPDM solution has been established by using a new Flory–Huggins interaction parameter (χHSP), which can also be used to calculate the viscosity at the extreme temperature that is difficult to be measured. Finally, for the three EPDM solutions, the different dissolution temperatures corresponding to the same viscosity can be obtained by formula calculations with the achieved prediction formulas.
{"title":"Investigation on the Viscosity–Temperature Properties for Various EPDM Solutions Based on Three-Dimensional Solubility Parameters and Flory–Huggins Interaction Parameters","authors":"Yuqing Yang, Yiran Jing, Guangyong Liu","doi":"10.3390/coatings15050582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15050582","url":null,"abstract":"Three organic solvents, cyclohexane, n-hexane and n-heptane were selected to dissolve the Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Monomer (EPDM) to keep the mass fractions of EPDM solution at 5 wt% and 10 wt%, respectively. The viscosities of three EPDM solutions at different temperatures were measured by a rotary viscometer. The experimental results show that the concentration and temperature exert significant influences on the viscosities of the EPDM solutions, compared with the rotor type and rotational speed having no obvious effect on the viscosities. An EPDM solution with higher concentration shows remarkable higher viscosity. The viscosities show almost linear decline with increasing temperature within the experimental temperature range, which is also called a viscosity–temperature curve. However, the temperature dependences of viscosity are varied for the three different EPDM solutions. The compatibility between EPDM and solvents could be characterized by the energy difference (Ra) and Flory–Huggins interaction parameter (χ), which has also been attempted to be correlated with the viscosity–temperature curve and solvent molar volume. It is found that the smaller Ra value relates to better compatibility of the EPDM solution and greater slope of the viscosity–temperature curve. Furthermore, the viscosity of EPDM solution and the slope of the viscosity–temperature curve are affected more significantly by the molar volume of solvent when the Ra value is similar. A formula for predicting the viscosity of EPDM solution has been established by using a new Flory–Huggins interaction parameter (χHSP), which can also be used to calculate the viscosity at the extreme temperature that is difficult to be measured. Finally, for the three EPDM solutions, the different dissolution temperatures corresponding to the same viscosity can be obtained by formula calculations with the achieved prediction formulas.","PeriodicalId":10520,"journal":{"name":"Coatings","volume":"15 5","pages":"582-582"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6412/15/5/582/pdf?version=1747225681","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147333639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-27DOI: 10.3390/coatings15050522
Bin Li, Fang Xu, Yan Ding, Fei Zheng, Junpeng Zou
Red mud (RM), a highly alkaline waste from alumina production, poses severe environmental threats due to massive stockpiling (>350 million tons in China) and groundwater contamination. This study evaluates three scalable strategies to repurpose RM: iron recovery via magnetic separation, sintered brick production using RM–fly ash–granulated blast furnace slag (6:1:3 ratio), and non-calcined cementitious binders combining RM and phosphogypsum (PG). Industrial-scale iron extraction achieved 23.85% recovery of iron concentrate (58% Fe2O3 grade) and consumed 3.6 million tons/year of RM, generating CNY 31 million annual profit. Sintered bricks exhibited 10–15 MPa compressive strength, meeting ASTM C62-23 standard while reducing material costs by 30%. The RM–PG binder achieved 40 MPa compressive strength at 28 days without cement or calcination, leveraging RM’s alkalinity (21.95% Na2O) and PG’s sulfate activation. Collectively, these approaches reduced landfill reliance by 50% and CO2 emissions by 35%–40% compared to conventional practices. The results demonstrate RM’s potential as a secondary resource, offering economically viable and environmentally sustainable pathways for the alumina industry.
{"title":"Integrated Utilization Strategies for Red Mud: Iron Extraction, Sintered Brick Production, and Non-Calcined Cementitious Binder Development for Environmental Sustainability","authors":"Bin Li, Fang Xu, Yan Ding, Fei Zheng, Junpeng Zou","doi":"10.3390/coatings15050522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15050522","url":null,"abstract":"Red mud (RM), a highly alkaline waste from alumina production, poses severe environmental threats due to massive stockpiling (>350 million tons in China) and groundwater contamination. This study evaluates three scalable strategies to repurpose RM: iron recovery via magnetic separation, sintered brick production using RM–fly ash–granulated blast furnace slag (6:1:3 ratio), and non-calcined cementitious binders combining RM and phosphogypsum (PG). Industrial-scale iron extraction achieved 23.85% recovery of iron concentrate (58% Fe2O3 grade) and consumed 3.6 million tons/year of RM, generating CNY 31 million annual profit. Sintered bricks exhibited 10–15 MPa compressive strength, meeting ASTM C62-23 standard while reducing material costs by 30%. The RM–PG binder achieved 40 MPa compressive strength at 28 days without cement or calcination, leveraging RM’s alkalinity (21.95% Na2O) and PG’s sulfate activation. Collectively, these approaches reduced landfill reliance by 50% and CO2 emissions by 35%–40% compared to conventional practices. The results demonstrate RM’s potential as a secondary resource, offering economically viable and environmentally sustainable pathways for the alumina industry.","PeriodicalId":10520,"journal":{"name":"Coatings","volume":"15 5","pages":"522-522"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6412/15/5/522/pdf?version=1745749012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147333282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-21DOI: 10.3390/coatings15040494
Pin Yang, Yaoxin Huang, Xiaoxuan Liu, Zhiquan Li
Thiol–epoxy photopolymerization offers exceptional advantages for high-performance protective coatings, yet efficiently curing thick formulations remains a significant challenge due to the limited penetration depth of conventional UV light. Herein, we report a novel near-infrared (NIR) light-activated photopolymerization system for deep-curing applications, strategically integrating upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) as NIR-to-UV converters, isopropylthioxanthone (ITX) as a photosensitizer, and a liquid N-phenylglycine-based photobase generator (NPG-TBD) with enhanced resin solubility. Upon 980 nm NIR irradiation, photogenerated TBD efficiently catalyzes thiol–epoxy polymerization through an anionic mechanism, enabling uniform network formation with epoxy and thiol functional group conversions greater than 90% throughout samples exceeding 2.5 cm in thickness. The resulting coatings exhibit excellent mechanical properties including 3H pencil hardness, strong adhesion (0 grade), and good flexibility (2 mm), significantly outperforming conventional UV systems limited to approximately 1.5 mm. Additionally, the cured materials demonstrate multifunctional characteristics including distinctive upconversion luminescence and dual-responsive shape memory behavior. This approach addresses critical limitations in deep-photocuring technology while offering significant potential for applications in protective coatings for marine infrastructure, chemical storage facilities, and smart materials requiring both substantial barrier properties and programmable responsiveness.
{"title":"Near-Infrared Light-Induced Deep Curing of Thiol–Epoxy Networks Based on Upconversion Photochemistry","authors":"Pin Yang, Yaoxin Huang, Xiaoxuan Liu, Zhiquan Li","doi":"10.3390/coatings15040494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15040494","url":null,"abstract":"Thiol–epoxy photopolymerization offers exceptional advantages for high-performance protective coatings, yet efficiently curing thick formulations remains a significant challenge due to the limited penetration depth of conventional UV light. Herein, we report a novel near-infrared (NIR) light-activated photopolymerization system for deep-curing applications, strategically integrating upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) as NIR-to-UV converters, isopropylthioxanthone (ITX) as a photosensitizer, and a liquid N-phenylglycine-based photobase generator (NPG-TBD) with enhanced resin solubility. Upon 980 nm NIR irradiation, photogenerated TBD efficiently catalyzes thiol–epoxy polymerization through an anionic mechanism, enabling uniform network formation with epoxy and thiol functional group conversions greater than 90% throughout samples exceeding 2.5 cm in thickness. The resulting coatings exhibit excellent mechanical properties including 3H pencil hardness, strong adhesion (0 grade), and good flexibility (2 mm), significantly outperforming conventional UV systems limited to approximately 1.5 mm. Additionally, the cured materials demonstrate multifunctional characteristics including distinctive upconversion luminescence and dual-responsive shape memory behavior. This approach addresses critical limitations in deep-photocuring technology while offering significant potential for applications in protective coatings for marine infrastructure, chemical storage facilities, and smart materials requiring both substantial barrier properties and programmable responsiveness.","PeriodicalId":10520,"journal":{"name":"Coatings","volume":"15 4","pages":"494-494"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6412/15/4/494/pdf?version=1745239054","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147334046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, a composite separator for lithium-ion batteries was successfully prepared by electrostatic spinning, based on polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and 5% cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) derived from sisal fiber. Its physical and electrochemical properties as well as the enhanced mechanism were investigated. The obtained 5%CNCs/PAN separator offers an excellent thermal stability, ultra-high electrolyte uptake (486 ± 30%), high ionic conductivity (2.82 mS cm−1 at 25 °C) and a wide electrochemical window (5.3 V). In addition, a lithium-ion battery assembled with the 5%CNCs/PAN separator can work stably for 1000 h at 5 mA cm−2. The CNCs in the electrolyte enable the immobilization of PF6−, thereby inhibiting the migration of anions and increasing its Li+ transfer number (tLi+) to 0.75, which is 65.3% higher than that of a pure PAN separator. The battery with the 5%CNCs/PAN separator retains 97.4% of its initial reversible capacity after 100 cycles, which is much higher than that of a pure PAN separator, with a value of 62.9%. These results suggest the potential utility of 5%CNCs/PAN separators as high-performance separators required in lithium-ion batteries.
本文以聚丙烯腈（PAN）和源自剑麻纤维的5%纤维素纳米晶（cnc）为原料，采用静电纺丝法制备了锂离子电池用复合隔膜。研究了其物理、电化学性能及增强机理。所获得的5%CNCs/PAN分离器具有优异的热稳定性，超高电解质吸收率（486±30%），高离子电导率（25°C时2.82 mS cm−1）和宽电化学窗口（5.3 V）。此外，与5% cnc /PAN分离器组装的锂离子电池可以在5 mA cm - 2下稳定工作1000小时。电解质中的碳纳米管能够固定PF6−，从而抑制阴离子的迁移，将其Li+转移数（tLi+）提高到0.75，比纯PAN分离器高65.3%。使用5%CNCs/PAN隔膜的电池在100次循环后仍能保持其初始可逆容量的97.4%，远高于纯PAN隔膜的62.9%。这些结果表明，5%CNCs/PAN分离器作为锂离子电池所需的高性能分离器具有潜在的实用性。
{"title":"A CNC-Modified PAN Separator Improving the Cycle Stability of Lithium-Ion Batteries","authors":"Anqi Zhou, Kailong Guo, Xuenuan Li, Xinyu Song, Xianming Liu, Weile Ding, Bin Guo, Donglei Guo, Guilong Liu, Naiteng Wu, Aimiao Qin","doi":"10.3390/coatings15030351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15030351","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a composite separator for lithium-ion batteries was successfully prepared by electrostatic spinning, based on polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and 5% cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) derived from sisal fiber. Its physical and electrochemical properties as well as the enhanced mechanism were investigated. The obtained 5%CNCs/PAN separator offers an excellent thermal stability, ultra-high electrolyte uptake (486 ± 30%), high ionic conductivity (2.82 mS cm−1 at 25 °C) and a wide electrochemical window (5.3 V). In addition, a lithium-ion battery assembled with the 5%CNCs/PAN separator can work stably for 1000 h at 5 mA cm−2. The CNCs in the electrolyte enable the immobilization of PF6−, thereby inhibiting the migration of anions and increasing its Li+ transfer number (tLi+) to 0.75, which is 65.3% higher than that of a pure PAN separator. The battery with the 5%CNCs/PAN separator retains 97.4% of its initial reversible capacity after 100 cycles, which is much higher than that of a pure PAN separator, with a value of 62.9%. These results suggest the potential utility of 5%CNCs/PAN separators as high-performance separators required in lithium-ion batteries.","PeriodicalId":10520,"journal":{"name":"Coatings","volume":"15 3","pages":"351-351"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6412/15/3/351/pdf?version=1742356435","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147332627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study introduced a novel type of biochar–titanate nanosheet (BC@TNS) composite for the selective adsorption of Pb(II) from wastewater containing various heavy metal ions. The biochar derived from lignin–carbon pyrolysis forms the scaffold, while titanate nanosheets coat it via an alkaline hydrothermal reaction. The synthesis was confirmed through analytic characterizations, revealing a distinctive morphology of TNS nanoflowers consisting of numerous nanosheets incorporated into the BC support. BC@TNS achieved maximum adsorption capacities of 37.89 mg/g for Pb(II), 13.38 mg/g for Cd(II), and 8.47 mg/g for Zn(II), demonstrating its remarkable selectivity for Pb(II). Kinetic studies using Weber–Morris, PFO, and PSO models indicated that Pb(II) adsorption was primarily driven by chemisorption, whereas Cd(II) and Zn(II) adsorption were predominantly governed by physisorption. Isotherm analysis using Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin–Radushkevich, and Temkin models revealed that Pb(II) adsorption involved both monolayer and multilayer processes, while Cd(II) and Zn(II) adsorption were primarily monolayer. Detailed insights from scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses further elucidated these mechanisms. The superior selectivity of BC@TNS for Pb(II) was further validated in multicomponent simulated HMs containing 10 co-existing metal ions, maintaining a high Pb(II) adsorption efficiency of 75.68%, highlighting its potential for selective Pb recovery. Moreover, the adsorbent demonstrated excellent regeneration capacity and recyclability. The BC@TNS adsorbent shows great potential for the selective and efficient removal of Pb(II) ions from wastewater, offering a sustainable solution for environmental protection.
{"title":"Selective Adsorption of Lead in Mixed Metals Wastewater System by Lignin-Carbon-Supported Titanate Nanoflower BC@TNS Adsorbent: Performance and Mechanism","authors":"Jiaqian Feng, Lei Zhong, Zekun Yang, Chak Yin Tang, Wing‐Cheung Law, Ruchun Wu, Fengwei Xie","doi":"10.3390/coatings15030317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15030317","url":null,"abstract":"This study introduced a novel type of biochar–titanate nanosheet (BC@TNS) composite for the selective adsorption of Pb(II) from wastewater containing various heavy metal ions. The biochar derived from lignin–carbon pyrolysis forms the scaffold, while titanate nanosheets coat it via an alkaline hydrothermal reaction. The synthesis was confirmed through analytic characterizations, revealing a distinctive morphology of TNS nanoflowers consisting of numerous nanosheets incorporated into the BC support. BC@TNS achieved maximum adsorption capacities of 37.89 mg/g for Pb(II), 13.38 mg/g for Cd(II), and 8.47 mg/g for Zn(II), demonstrating its remarkable selectivity for Pb(II). Kinetic studies using Weber–Morris, PFO, and PSO models indicated that Pb(II) adsorption was primarily driven by chemisorption, whereas Cd(II) and Zn(II) adsorption were predominantly governed by physisorption. Isotherm analysis using Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin–Radushkevich, and Temkin models revealed that Pb(II) adsorption involved both monolayer and multilayer processes, while Cd(II) and Zn(II) adsorption were primarily monolayer. Detailed insights from scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses further elucidated these mechanisms. The superior selectivity of BC@TNS for Pb(II) was further validated in multicomponent simulated HMs containing 10 co-existing metal ions, maintaining a high Pb(II) adsorption efficiency of 75.68%, highlighting its potential for selective Pb recovery. Moreover, the adsorbent demonstrated excellent regeneration capacity and recyclability. The BC@TNS adsorbent shows great potential for the selective and efficient removal of Pb(II) ions from wastewater, offering a sustainable solution for environmental protection.","PeriodicalId":10520,"journal":{"name":"Coatings","volume":"15 3","pages":"317-317"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6412/15/3/317/pdf?version=1741514940","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147331486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, polyurea (PUA) systems have drawn considerable attention in the coatings industry for their superior performance. Among these systems, polyaspartate ester-based polyurea (PAE-PUA) stands out for its excellent comprehensive properties, and the structure of the diamines used in polyaspartate ester (PAE) significantly influences key performance attributes, such as gel time, mechanical properties, and thermal stability. To investigate the influence of diamine structures on PAE-PUA properties, this study synthesized PAEs through ester exchange reactions involving diamines and monohydric alcohols with varied chain lengths and structural types (linear or cyclic). The effects of four diamines (D230, DMH, IPDA, PACM) and four monohydric alcohols (CA, DDA, OD, CHOL) on polyurea coating properties were systematically examined. The results demonstrated that adjusting the structural regularity of PAEs via ester exchange reactions effectively regulated their viscosity, maintaining it below 1500 mPa·s. These reactions also enabled simultaneous regulation of surface-drying time, mechanical properties, and thermal performance. Notably, introducing 1-octadecanol (OD) significantly improved surface-drying time and thermal stability, whereas cyclic structures in diamines or alcohols resulted in higher glass transition temperatures (Tg). Additionally, the mechanical properties and reaction rates of modified PAEs can be tailored to meet specific application requirements, offering an effective strategy for developing polyurea materials optimized for the coatings industry.
{"title":"Ester Exchange Modification for Surface-Drying Time Control and Property Enhancement of Polyaspartate Ester-Based Polyurea Coatings","authors":"Xiandi Yang, Yiqing Deng, Peini Li, Kaixuan Guo, Qiang Zhao","doi":"10.3390/coatings15020244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15020244","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, polyurea (PUA) systems have drawn considerable attention in the coatings industry for their superior performance. Among these systems, polyaspartate ester-based polyurea (PAE-PUA) stands out for its excellent comprehensive properties, and the structure of the diamines used in polyaspartate ester (PAE) significantly influences key performance attributes, such as gel time, mechanical properties, and thermal stability. To investigate the influence of diamine structures on PAE-PUA properties, this study synthesized PAEs through ester exchange reactions involving diamines and monohydric alcohols with varied chain lengths and structural types (linear or cyclic). The effects of four diamines (D230, DMH, IPDA, PACM) and four monohydric alcohols (CA, DDA, OD, CHOL) on polyurea coating properties were systematically examined. The results demonstrated that adjusting the structural regularity of PAEs via ester exchange reactions effectively regulated their viscosity, maintaining it below 1500 mPa·s. These reactions also enabled simultaneous regulation of surface-drying time, mechanical properties, and thermal performance. Notably, introducing 1-octadecanol (OD) significantly improved surface-drying time and thermal stability, whereas cyclic structures in diamines or alcohols resulted in higher glass transition temperatures (Tg). Additionally, the mechanical properties and reaction rates of modified PAEs can be tailored to meet specific application requirements, offering an effective strategy for developing polyurea materials optimized for the coatings industry.","PeriodicalId":10520,"journal":{"name":"Coatings","volume":"15 2","pages":"244-244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6412/15/2/244/pdf?version=1739947522","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147332667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The utilization of heat-shielding glazing technologies can efficiently promote carbon emission reductions and energy savings by decreasing solar irradiation into buildings. Although a variety of glazing technologies have been created for solar glazing, either the heat-shielding performance is low, the thermal stability is poor, or the cost is high. Here, we report a thermally stable heat-shielding coated glass for solar glazing in a simple way via direct calcination of Ce and Sb co-doped SnO2 nanoparticles with polysilazane (PSZ) coatings in air. The resulting coated glass has transmittances of 4.7% at 250–380 nm, 59.3% at 380–780 nm, and 9.7% at 780–2500 nm; excellent environment stability under accelerated aging conditions over 350 h; and also a ca. 50-fold lower fixed cost than commercial low-E glass. Moreover, a coated glass with a high pencil hardness of 9H was also fabricated via further spraying and calcinating of a PSZ coating as the cover layer, which is also the hardest coated solar glaze to our knowledge. The high solar-shielding performance and unprecedented low cost of the Ce and Sb co-doped SnO2-coated glass, as well as the simplicity of its fabrication, exhibit great potential in energy-saving buildings and cars.
{"title":"Fabrication of Thermally Stable Heat-Shielding Coated Glass for Solar Glazing via Direct Calcination in Air","authors":"Guangrui Zhang, Xiaoting Qin, Dan Wang, Jinqing Li, Wenlong Pan, Jian Yin","doi":"10.3390/coatings15020239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15020239","url":null,"abstract":"The utilization of heat-shielding glazing technologies can efficiently promote carbon emission reductions and energy savings by decreasing solar irradiation into buildings. Although a variety of glazing technologies have been created for solar glazing, either the heat-shielding performance is low, the thermal stability is poor, or the cost is high. Here, we report a thermally stable heat-shielding coated glass for solar glazing in a simple way via direct calcination of Ce and Sb co-doped SnO2 nanoparticles with polysilazane (PSZ) coatings in air. The resulting coated glass has transmittances of 4.7% at 250–380 nm, 59.3% at 380–780 nm, and 9.7% at 780–2500 nm; excellent environment stability under accelerated aging conditions over 350 h; and also a ca. 50-fold lower fixed cost than commercial low-E glass. Moreover, a coated glass with a high pencil hardness of 9H was also fabricated via further spraying and calcinating of a PSZ coating as the cover layer, which is also the hardest coated solar glaze to our knowledge. The high solar-shielding performance and unprecedented low cost of the Ce and Sb co-doped SnO2-coated glass, as well as the simplicity of its fabrication, exhibit great potential in energy-saving buildings and cars.","PeriodicalId":10520,"journal":{"name":"Coatings","volume":"15 2","pages":"239-239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6412/15/2/239/pdf?version=1739788653","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147332854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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