Pub Date : 2026-02-28DOI: 10.3390/coatings16030297
Lingling Cui, Guang Ji, Tongchun Qin, He Liu, Yan Sheng, Haiqin Ding, Guodong Jia
Traditional artificial joints mainly face the challenges of severe wear and aseptic loosening, which limits their application as joint bearing interfaces under high-stress loading conditions. To improve this problem, inspired by the gradient modulus structure of natural cartilage/subchondral bone and the inherent negative charge characteristics of the surface, a negatively charged hydrogel layer was adhered to a porous Ti6Al4V surface through a combination of ultraviolet irradiation and freeze–thaw cycles. The cross-sectional SEM image exhibited that the hydrogel layer was closely bonded to the hard substrate. After physical doping with SBMA, the lubrication performance of the composite bearing interface was significantly improved, primarily attributable to the biphasic lubrication of the hydrogel layer and the hydration lubrication mechanism of SBMA.
{"title":"Zwitterionic Functionalized Negatively Charged Hydrogel/Ti6Al4V Alloy with Superior Lubrication Performance","authors":"Lingling Cui, Guang Ji, Tongchun Qin, He Liu, Yan Sheng, Haiqin Ding, Guodong Jia","doi":"10.3390/coatings16030297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings16030297","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional artificial joints mainly face the challenges of severe wear and aseptic loosening, which limits their application as joint bearing interfaces under high-stress loading conditions. To improve this problem, inspired by the gradient modulus structure of natural cartilage/subchondral bone and the inherent negative charge characteristics of the surface, a negatively charged hydrogel layer was adhered to a porous Ti6Al4V surface through a combination of ultraviolet irradiation and freeze–thaw cycles. The cross-sectional SEM image exhibited that the hydrogel layer was closely bonded to the hard substrate. After physical doping with SBMA, the lubrication performance of the composite bearing interface was significantly improved, primarily attributable to the biphasic lubrication of the hydrogel layer and the hydration lubrication mechanism of SBMA.","PeriodicalId":10520,"journal":{"name":"Coatings","volume":"16 3","pages":"297-297"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6412/16/3/297/pdf?version=1772262755","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147381493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-25DOI: 10.3390/coatings16010026
Bin Zhou, Wei Zhang, Xinwen Zhang, Weiyin Quan, Hua Huang, Zhifeng Lin
This study investigated the degradation of aluminum-based sacrificial anodes caused by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in marine mud. Through self-discharge tests simulating real cathodic protection conditions, alongside macroscopic observations, electrochemical analysis, and microscopic characterization, we systematically elucidated the corrosion behavior and mechanisms of the anodes with and without SRB. The results showed that the electrochemical capacity of anodes in SRB-inoculated mud was only 1281.28 Ah·kg−1 (efficiency: 44.82%), failing to meet the design requirement of ≥1500 Ah·kg−1. In contrast, in sterile mud, the capacity was 1972.84 Ah·kg−1 (efficiency: 69.01%), which met the standard. SRB promoted the formation of discrete corrosion pits with depths reaching up to 0.43 mm, 3.07 times deeper than those observed under sterile conditions. The local pH within the pits dropped to 3–4, accelerating the selective dissolution of active elements such as Al and Zn. Mechanistic analysis revealed that the sulfides produced by SRB not only disrupt the passive film but also exacerbate the inefficient consumption of the anode through a positive feedback loop involving “acidic corrosion and electron consumption”. This led to a reduction in the protective current density, accompanied by significant fluctuations. This study provides the underlying mechanisms by which SRB degrade the performance of sacrificial anodes and valuable insights for optimizing the design of cathodic protection systems for steel structures in marine mud environments.
{"title":"Effect of SRB on the Electrochemical Performance of Aluminum-Based Sacrificial Anodes in Marine Mud","authors":"Bin Zhou, Wei Zhang, Xinwen Zhang, Weiyin Quan, Hua Huang, Zhifeng Lin","doi":"10.3390/coatings16010026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings16010026","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the degradation of aluminum-based sacrificial anodes caused by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in marine mud. Through self-discharge tests simulating real cathodic protection conditions, alongside macroscopic observations, electrochemical analysis, and microscopic characterization, we systematically elucidated the corrosion behavior and mechanisms of the anodes with and without SRB. The results showed that the electrochemical capacity of anodes in SRB-inoculated mud was only 1281.28 Ah·kg−1 (efficiency: 44.82%), failing to meet the design requirement of ≥1500 Ah·kg−1. In contrast, in sterile mud, the capacity was 1972.84 Ah·kg−1 (efficiency: 69.01%), which met the standard. SRB promoted the formation of discrete corrosion pits with depths reaching up to 0.43 mm, 3.07 times deeper than those observed under sterile conditions. The local pH within the pits dropped to 3–4, accelerating the selective dissolution of active elements such as Al and Zn. Mechanistic analysis revealed that the sulfides produced by SRB not only disrupt the passive film but also exacerbate the inefficient consumption of the anode through a positive feedback loop involving “acidic corrosion and electron consumption”. This led to a reduction in the protective current density, accompanied by significant fluctuations. This study provides the underlying mechanisms by which SRB degrade the performance of sacrificial anodes and valuable insights for optimizing the design of cathodic protection systems for steel structures in marine mud environments.","PeriodicalId":10520,"journal":{"name":"Coatings","volume":"16 1","pages":"26-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147330971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-19DOI: 10.3390/coatings16010007
Yanrong Chao, Xinliang Feng, Bin‐Gui Wang, Ling‐Hong Meng, Peng Qi, Yan Zeng, Peng Wang
Marine biofouling presents a persistent challenge for maritime industries, necessitating the development of eco-friendly and intelligent antifouling strategies. In this work, an ATP-responsive nanocontainer was developed by encapsulating a natural organic compound (CS106-10), isolated from Talaromyces trachyspermus in cold seep sediments, together with D-phenylalanine (D-Phe) into ZIF-90 nanoparticles (D-Phe/CS106-10@ZIF-90). These nanoparticles were incorporated into zinc acrylate resin to fabricate a novel self-polishing antifouling coating. CS106-10, as a natural antifoulant, provided efficient and environmentally sustainable bactericidal activity, while D-Phe acted as a synergistic adjuvant to inhibit and disrupt biofilm formation. More importantly, the ATP-responsive ZIF-90 framework enabled controlled, on-demand release of antifouling agents in response to local metabolic signals associated with biofilm growth. Laboratory and real-sea evaluations confirmed that the composite coating effectively suppressed biofilm formation and significantly reduced the required dosage of conventional toxic antifoulants. This study integrates a natural antifoulant with an ATP-responsive metal–organic framework, providing new insight for developing antifouling coatings.
{"title":"ATP-Responsive ZIF-90 Nanocontainers Encapsulating Natural Antifoulants for Intelligent Marine Coatings","authors":"Yanrong Chao, Xinliang Feng, Bin‐Gui Wang, Ling‐Hong Meng, Peng Qi, Yan Zeng, Peng Wang","doi":"10.3390/coatings16010007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings16010007","url":null,"abstract":"Marine biofouling presents a persistent challenge for maritime industries, necessitating the development of eco-friendly and intelligent antifouling strategies. In this work, an ATP-responsive nanocontainer was developed by encapsulating a natural organic compound (CS106-10), isolated from Talaromyces trachyspermus in cold seep sediments, together with D-phenylalanine (D-Phe) into ZIF-90 nanoparticles (D-Phe/CS106-10@ZIF-90). These nanoparticles were incorporated into zinc acrylate resin to fabricate a novel self-polishing antifouling coating. CS106-10, as a natural antifoulant, provided efficient and environmentally sustainable bactericidal activity, while D-Phe acted as a synergistic adjuvant to inhibit and disrupt biofilm formation. More importantly, the ATP-responsive ZIF-90 framework enabled controlled, on-demand release of antifouling agents in response to local metabolic signals associated with biofilm growth. Laboratory and real-sea evaluations confirmed that the composite coating effectively suppressed biofilm formation and significantly reduced the required dosage of conventional toxic antifoulants. This study integrates a natural antifoulant with an ATP-responsive metal–organic framework, providing new insight for developing antifouling coatings.","PeriodicalId":10520,"journal":{"name":"Coatings","volume":"16 1","pages":"7-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147334010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-15DOI: 10.3390/coatings15121478
Shaowei Song, Yan Yan, Yu Liu, Chao Wang, Liyan Wang, Ping Zhang, Huan Wang
In this study, a triisopropanolamine (TIPA)-modified polycarboxylate cement grinding aid was synthesized via a free radical polymerization reaction, and its effects on cement properties were investigated. The synthesized grinding aid was evaluated through cement grinding experiments, by comparing cement samples with and without the additive. The influences on particle size distribution, specific surface area, residue content, setting behavior, flowability, and mechanical strength were systematically evaluated. The results demonstrated that the modified polycarboxylate cement grinding aid significantly refined size distribution of particles, enlarged the specific surface area to 4900 cm2/g (27.9% increase), decreased 45 μm residue content to 0.8%, accelerated setting, and improved the flowability of the cement paste. Strength tests of cement mortar indicated that the additive improved both early and late compressive strength, with 3d and 28d strengths increasing by 6.5 MPa and 5.7 MPa, respectively, compared to the blank sample, providing strong theoretical support for its potential use in industrial cement production.
{"title":"Synthesis and Performance of Triisopropanolamine-Modified Polycarboxylate Cement Grinding Aid","authors":"Shaowei Song, Yan Yan, Yu Liu, Chao Wang, Liyan Wang, Ping Zhang, Huan Wang","doi":"10.3390/coatings15121478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15121478","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a triisopropanolamine (TIPA)-modified polycarboxylate cement grinding aid was synthesized via a free radical polymerization reaction, and its effects on cement properties were investigated. The synthesized grinding aid was evaluated through cement grinding experiments, by comparing cement samples with and without the additive. The influences on particle size distribution, specific surface area, residue content, setting behavior, flowability, and mechanical strength were systematically evaluated. The results demonstrated that the modified polycarboxylate cement grinding aid significantly refined size distribution of particles, enlarged the specific surface area to 4900 cm2/g (27.9% increase), decreased 45 μm residue content to 0.8%, accelerated setting, and improved the flowability of the cement paste. Strength tests of cement mortar indicated that the additive improved both early and late compressive strength, with 3d and 28d strengths increasing by 6.5 MPa and 5.7 MPa, respectively, compared to the blank sample, providing strong theoretical support for its potential use in industrial cement production.","PeriodicalId":10520,"journal":{"name":"Coatings","volume":"15 12","pages":"1478-1478"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6412/15/12/1478/pdf?version=1765810373","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147332735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-10DOI: 10.3390/coatings15121459
Yan Yu, Qifei Du, Wan‐Yue Diao, Chao Wang, Liyan Wang, Sa Lv, Lingwei Kong, Ping Zhang, Yue Xi, Huan Wang
In this work, a complex and eco-friendly biomass raffinose monomer-modified polycarboxylate superplasticizer (RAF-PCE) was designed and synthesized via the free radical polymerization technique to simultaneously improve paste fluidity and delay fluidity loss in concrete applications. The adsorption, fluidity, and early hydration behaviors of cementitious systems after the introduction of RAF-PCE have been systematically investigated. Experimental results demonstrate that the hydroxy group in raffinose promotes the adsorption of RAF-PCE on the cement particles, thereby elevating the dispersion characteristic of cement paste through electrostatic repulsion, enabling excellent initial fluidity (310 mm). Additionally, its steric hindrance effect has also been identified to play a role in improving paste fluidity and reducing the slump loss of cement slurry. Detailed analyses unveil that RAF-PCE can reduce the concentration of free Ca2+ in the pore solution through complexation with Ca2+, which prevents the early precipitation of hydration products and realizes a delayed effect on cement hydration, ultimately evolving into a homogeneous and compact microstructure for superior compressive tensile strength of the cement mortar. The 28-day compressive strength of cement incorporating RAF-PCE reached 79.2 MPa, representing a 5.5% enhancement over conventional PCE systems. Our work provides novel insights into the promotion of innovative and green development in the concrete industry by utilizing renewable biomass resources for high-performance materials.
{"title":"Sustainable Biomass Functional Monomer-Modified Polycarboxylate Superplasticizers Enable the Creation of High-Performance Cement Pastes","authors":"Yan Yu, Qifei Du, Wan‐Yue Diao, Chao Wang, Liyan Wang, Sa Lv, Lingwei Kong, Ping Zhang, Yue Xi, Huan Wang","doi":"10.3390/coatings15121459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15121459","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a complex and eco-friendly biomass raffinose monomer-modified polycarboxylate superplasticizer (RAF-PCE) was designed and synthesized via the free radical polymerization technique to simultaneously improve paste fluidity and delay fluidity loss in concrete applications. The adsorption, fluidity, and early hydration behaviors of cementitious systems after the introduction of RAF-PCE have been systematically investigated. Experimental results demonstrate that the hydroxy group in raffinose promotes the adsorption of RAF-PCE on the cement particles, thereby elevating the dispersion characteristic of cement paste through electrostatic repulsion, enabling excellent initial fluidity (310 mm). Additionally, its steric hindrance effect has also been identified to play a role in improving paste fluidity and reducing the slump loss of cement slurry. Detailed analyses unveil that RAF-PCE can reduce the concentration of free Ca2+ in the pore solution through complexation with Ca2+, which prevents the early precipitation of hydration products and realizes a delayed effect on cement hydration, ultimately evolving into a homogeneous and compact microstructure for superior compressive tensile strength of the cement mortar. The 28-day compressive strength of cement incorporating RAF-PCE reached 79.2 MPa, representing a 5.5% enhancement over conventional PCE systems. Our work provides novel insights into the promotion of innovative and green development in the concrete industry by utilizing renewable biomass resources for high-performance materials.","PeriodicalId":10520,"journal":{"name":"Coatings","volume":"15 12","pages":"1459-1459"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6412/15/12/1459/pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147333502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aspartic acid (ASP) and its derivatives are eco-friendly and cost-effective scale inhibitors but exhibit limited corrosion inhibition in acidic media. To enhance their performance against acid corrosion, a facile, purification-free one-pot aqueous reaction was developed to synthesize an L-ASPME/GA hybrid inhibitor from L-aspartic acid β-methyl ester (L-ASPME) and glutaraldehyde (GA). The resulting inhibitor solution was directly introduced into a 0.5 M H2SO4 pickling solution to achieve synergistic corrosion inhibition for Q235B steel. The corrosion inhibition performance was systematically evaluated using weight loss tests, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and contact angle measurements, with temperature effects also assessed. The results demonstrate that the L-ASPME/GA hybrid, particularly at molar ratios of 2:3–4:1, achieves 90.7%–96.1% inhibition efficiency, significantly outperforming L-ASPME or GA alone. Notably, the 2:3 L-ASPME/GA hybrid shows superior high-temperature acid corrosion resistance versus single components. This synergistic effect is attributed to a co-adsorption mechanism, forming a compactly oriented, thermally robust film driven by hydrogen-bonding networks, Fe2+ coordination, and electrostatic attraction. These findings offer a practical strategy to improve the acid corrosion resistance of ASP–like inhibitors.
天冬氨酸（ASP）及其衍生物是环保、经济的阻垢剂，但在酸性介质中的缓蚀作用有限。为了提高l -天冬氨酸β-甲酯（L-ASPME）和戊二醛（GA）的抗酸性能，采用简单、免纯化的一锅水反应法制备了L-ASPME/GA杂化抑制剂。将得到的缓蚀剂溶液直接加入0.5 M H2SO4酸洗液中，对Q235B钢实现协同缓蚀。通过失重测试、电化学阻抗谱（EIS）、动电位极化（PDP）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、x射线光电子能谱（XPS）和接触角测量系统地评估了其缓蚀性能，并评估了温度效应。结果表明，当L-ASPME/GA的摩尔比为2:3-4:1时，其抑制效率为90.7% ~ 96.1%，明显优于L-ASPME或GA。值得注意的是，与单一组分相比，2:3 L-ASPME/GA混合物具有优越的耐高温酸腐蚀性能。这种协同效应归因于一种共吸附机制，在氢键网络、Fe2+配位和静电吸引的驱动下，形成了致密取向、热坚固的薄膜。这些发现为提高asp类抑制剂的耐酸性提供了一种实用的策略。
{"title":"Synergistic Corrosion Inhibition of Q235B Steel in Sulfuric Acid by a Novel Hybrid Film Derived from L-Aspartic Acid β-Methyl Ester and Glutaraldehyde","authors":"Rongguo Chen, Weichang Chen, Xiao‐Yu Jiang, Lang Lin, Zhigang Zhang, Yilan Chen, Cui-Cui Ding, Rengui Weng, Yijing Wang, Mingdi Xu, Jingjing Yu","doi":"10.3390/coatings15121460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15121460","url":null,"abstract":"Aspartic acid (ASP) and its derivatives are eco-friendly and cost-effective scale inhibitors but exhibit limited corrosion inhibition in acidic media. To enhance their performance against acid corrosion, a facile, purification-free one-pot aqueous reaction was developed to synthesize an L-ASPME/GA hybrid inhibitor from L-aspartic acid β-methyl ester (L-ASPME) and glutaraldehyde (GA). The resulting inhibitor solution was directly introduced into a 0.5 M H2SO4 pickling solution to achieve synergistic corrosion inhibition for Q235B steel. The corrosion inhibition performance was systematically evaluated using weight loss tests, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and contact angle measurements, with temperature effects also assessed. The results demonstrate that the L-ASPME/GA hybrid, particularly at molar ratios of 2:3–4:1, achieves 90.7%–96.1% inhibition efficiency, significantly outperforming L-ASPME or GA alone. Notably, the 2:3 L-ASPME/GA hybrid shows superior high-temperature acid corrosion resistance versus single components. This synergistic effect is attributed to a co-adsorption mechanism, forming a compactly oriented, thermally robust film driven by hydrogen-bonding networks, Fe2+ coordination, and electrostatic attraction. These findings offer a practical strategy to improve the acid corrosion resistance of ASP–like inhibitors.","PeriodicalId":10520,"journal":{"name":"Coatings","volume":"15 12","pages":"1460-1460"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6412/15/12/1460/pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147334048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-08DOI: 10.3390/coatings15121448
Xingfa Ma, Xintao Zhang, Mingjun Gao, Ruifen Hu, You Wang, Guang Li
To increase the use of the near-infrared (NIR) light from In2O3, a nanocomposite of In2O3/reduced graphene oxide was synthesised. To improve adhesion to the substrates, a small amount of PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) was added to the nanocomposite. Results showed that adding an appropriate amount of PVA to the nanocomposite remarkably enhanced the ability to extract photogenerated carriers due to interface optimisation based on the grain boundary filling with PVA and charge tunnelling effects. The nanocomposites exhibited photoconductive switching responses from the visible light region to the near-infrared range. Meanwhile, the organic/inorganic hybrid coating on silk fibres exhibited mutual conversion of positive and negative photoconductivity, as well as electrical switching responses to applied strain. Furthermore, it was found that a photoelectric signal could still be determined with zero bias after the In2O3/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite had been stored for over four years. This reflects that the nanocomposites have an internal electric field that promotes the transfer of photogenerated carriers and prevents the recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes. Similar results were also obtained by adding an appropriate amount of other non-conjugated polymers, such as dendrimers. Physical mechanisms are discussed. This study provides reference values for the development of multifunctional organic/inorganic hybrids integrating non-conjugated polymer components to enhance specific properties.
{"title":"Light-Induced Interfacial Charge Transport of In2O3/Reduced Graphene Oxide/Non-Conjugated Polymers in a Wide Range of the Light Spectrum","authors":"Xingfa Ma, Xintao Zhang, Mingjun Gao, Ruifen Hu, You Wang, Guang Li","doi":"10.3390/coatings15121448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15121448","url":null,"abstract":"To increase the use of the near-infrared (NIR) light from In2O3, a nanocomposite of In2O3/reduced graphene oxide was synthesised. To improve adhesion to the substrates, a small amount of PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) was added to the nanocomposite. Results showed that adding an appropriate amount of PVA to the nanocomposite remarkably enhanced the ability to extract photogenerated carriers due to interface optimisation based on the grain boundary filling with PVA and charge tunnelling effects. The nanocomposites exhibited photoconductive switching responses from the visible light region to the near-infrared range. Meanwhile, the organic/inorganic hybrid coating on silk fibres exhibited mutual conversion of positive and negative photoconductivity, as well as electrical switching responses to applied strain. Furthermore, it was found that a photoelectric signal could still be determined with zero bias after the In2O3/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite had been stored for over four years. This reflects that the nanocomposites have an internal electric field that promotes the transfer of photogenerated carriers and prevents the recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes. Similar results were also obtained by adding an appropriate amount of other non-conjugated polymers, such as dendrimers. Physical mechanisms are discussed. This study provides reference values for the development of multifunctional organic/inorganic hybrids integrating non-conjugated polymer components to enhance specific properties.","PeriodicalId":10520,"journal":{"name":"Coatings","volume":"15 12","pages":"1448-1448"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6412/15/12/1448/pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147332515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-26DOI: 10.3390/coatings15121381
Rong Zeng, Han Zhang, Jiaqing Huang, Hao Rui, Yuxin Wei, Yige Liu, Xinyue Liao, Birong Pi, Xinghua Hong
To address the inherent limitations of easy oxidation and unstable electrical properties in two-dimensional MXene-based flexible sensors, this study developed a MXene/GO/rGO (reduced graphene oxide) textile-based flexible sensor using a lamination method and in situ steam reduction technology. The sensor was constructed on a high-elasticity knitted polyester fabric, with MXene as the primary conductive layer, graphene oxide (GO) as the adhesive layer, and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as the protective encapsulation surface layer. The tensile strain-sensing and electrothermal properties of the resulting e-textile were systematically characterized. The MXene/GO/rGO textile demonstrated outstanding electrical and mechanical performance, achieving a conductivity of 39.7 S·m−1, a gauge factors ranging from –3 to –1.6, and a controllable electrothermal heating range from 43 °C to 85 °C under currents of 0.02–0.05 A. Experimental results demonstrated that under applied currents of 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, and 0.05 A, the fabric reached temperatures of 43, 56, 73, and 85 °C, respectively, and remained constant over extended periods. In terms of strain sensing, the sensor exhibited a short response time (65 ms), high discriminability for different strain levels and stretching rates, and a consistent relative resistance change (ΔR/R0) under various stretching speeds (0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 6 mm/s). Compared with sensors based on a single conductive material, the MXene/GO/rGO polyester fabric sensor shows superior electrothermal and strain-sensing performance, indicating promising potential for applications in intelligent wearable textiles such as medical thermal therapy, sports monitoring, and health management.
{"title":"Multifunctional MXene/GO/rGO-Textile Flexible Sensor with Outstanding Electrothermal and Strain-Sensing Performance for Wearable Applications","authors":"Rong Zeng, Han Zhang, Jiaqing Huang, Hao Rui, Yuxin Wei, Yige Liu, Xinyue Liao, Birong Pi, Xinghua Hong","doi":"10.3390/coatings15121381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15121381","url":null,"abstract":"To address the inherent limitations of easy oxidation and unstable electrical properties in two-dimensional MXene-based flexible sensors, this study developed a MXene/GO/rGO (reduced graphene oxide) textile-based flexible sensor using a lamination method and in situ steam reduction technology. The sensor was constructed on a high-elasticity knitted polyester fabric, with MXene as the primary conductive layer, graphene oxide (GO) as the adhesive layer, and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as the protective encapsulation surface layer. The tensile strain-sensing and electrothermal properties of the resulting e-textile were systematically characterized. The MXene/GO/rGO textile demonstrated outstanding electrical and mechanical performance, achieving a conductivity of 39.7 S·m−1, a gauge factors ranging from –3 to –1.6, and a controllable electrothermal heating range from 43 °C to 85 °C under currents of 0.02–0.05 A. Experimental results demonstrated that under applied currents of 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, and 0.05 A, the fabric reached temperatures of 43, 56, 73, and 85 °C, respectively, and remained constant over extended periods. In terms of strain sensing, the sensor exhibited a short response time (65 ms), high discriminability for different strain levels and stretching rates, and a consistent relative resistance change (ΔR/R0) under various stretching speeds (0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 6 mm/s). Compared with sensors based on a single conductive material, the MXene/GO/rGO polyester fabric sensor shows superior electrothermal and strain-sensing performance, indicating promising potential for applications in intelligent wearable textiles such as medical thermal therapy, sports monitoring, and health management.","PeriodicalId":10520,"journal":{"name":"Coatings","volume":"15 12","pages":"1381-1381"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147333087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-12DOI: 10.3390/coatings15111323
Ziyi Guo, Xinrong Xu, Yue Shen, Menglong Wang, Y. ZHAI, Haiyan Zheng, Jiqiang Cao
Due to the large emissions of greenhouse gases from the burning of fossil fuels and people’s demand for green materials and energy, the development of environmentally friendly triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) is becoming increasingly significant. Silk fibroin (SF) is considered an ideal biopolymer candidate for fabricating green TENGs due to its biodegradability and renewability. However, its intrinsic brittleness and relatively weak triboelectric performance severely limit its practical applications. In this study, SF was physically blended with poly(ethylenimine) (PEI), a polymer rich in amino groups, to fabricate SF/PEI composite films. The resulting films were employed as tribopositive layers and paired with a poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) tribonegative layer to assemble high-performance TENGs. Experimental results revealed that the incorporation of PEI markedly enhanced the flexibility and electron-donating capability of composite films. By optimizing the material composition, the SF/PEI-based TENG achieved an open-circuit voltage as high as 275 V and a short-circuit current of 850 nA, with a maximum output power density of 13.68 μW/cm2. Application tests demonstrated that the device could serve as an efficient self-powered energy source, capable of lighting up 66 LEDs effortlessly through simple hand tapping and driving small electronic components such as timers. In addition, the device can function as a highly sensitive self-powered sensor, capable of generating rapid and distinguishable electrical responses to various human motions. This work not only provides an effective strategy to overcome the intrinsic limitations of SF-based materials but also opens up new avenues for the development of high-performance and environmentally friendly technologies for energy harvesting and sensing.
{"title":"Environmentally Friendly Silk Fibroin/Polyethyleneimine High-Performance Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Energy Harvesting and Self-Powered Sensing","authors":"Ziyi Guo, Xinrong Xu, Yue Shen, Menglong Wang, Y. ZHAI, Haiyan Zheng, Jiqiang Cao","doi":"10.3390/coatings15111323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15111323","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the large emissions of greenhouse gases from the burning of fossil fuels and people’s demand for green materials and energy, the development of environmentally friendly triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) is becoming increasingly significant. Silk fibroin (SF) is considered an ideal biopolymer candidate for fabricating green TENGs due to its biodegradability and renewability. However, its intrinsic brittleness and relatively weak triboelectric performance severely limit its practical applications. In this study, SF was physically blended with poly(ethylenimine) (PEI), a polymer rich in amino groups, to fabricate SF/PEI composite films. The resulting films were employed as tribopositive layers and paired with a poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) tribonegative layer to assemble high-performance TENGs. Experimental results revealed that the incorporation of PEI markedly enhanced the flexibility and electron-donating capability of composite films. By optimizing the material composition, the SF/PEI-based TENG achieved an open-circuit voltage as high as 275 V and a short-circuit current of 850 nA, with a maximum output power density of 13.68 μW/cm2. Application tests demonstrated that the device could serve as an efficient self-powered energy source, capable of lighting up 66 LEDs effortlessly through simple hand tapping and driving small electronic components such as timers. In addition, the device can function as a highly sensitive self-powered sensor, capable of generating rapid and distinguishable electrical responses to various human motions. This work not only provides an effective strategy to overcome the intrinsic limitations of SF-based materials but also opens up new avenues for the development of high-performance and environmentally friendly technologies for energy harvesting and sensing.","PeriodicalId":10520,"journal":{"name":"Coatings","volume":"15 11","pages":"1323-1323"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6412/15/11/1323/pdf?version=1762949512","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147333414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Omniphobic membranes have gained extensive attention for mitigating membrane wetting in robust membrane separation owing to the super-repulsion toward water and oil. In this study, a Teflon/PAI composite membrane with omniphobic characteristics was prepared by a vacuum-assisted dip-coating strategy on the PAI hollow fiber membrane. A series of characterizations on morphological structure, surface chemical composition, wettability, permeability, mechanical properties, and stability were systematically investigated for pristine PAI and Teflon/PAI composite membranes. Subsequently, the experiment was conducted to explore the oil–gas separation performance of membranes, with standard transformer oil containing dissolved gas as the feed. The results showed that the Teflon AF2400 functional layer was modified, and C-F covalent bonds were introduced on the composite membrane surface. The Teflon/PAI composite membrane exhibited excellent contact angles of 156.3 ± 1.8° and 123.0 ± 2.5° toward DI water and mineral insulating oil, respectively, indicating omniphobicity. After modification, the membrane tensile stress at break increased by 23.0% and the mechanical performance of the composite membrane was significantly improved. In addition, the Teflon/PAI composite membrane presented satisfactory thermal and ultrasonic stability. Compared to the previous membranes, the Teflon/PAI composite membrane presented a thinner Teflon AF2400 separation layer. Furthermore, the omniphobic membrane demonstrated anti-wetting performance by reaching the dynamic equilibrium within 2 h for the dissolved gases separated from the insulating oil. This suggests an omniphobic membrane as a promising alternative for oil–gas separation in monitoring the operating condition of oil-filled electrical equipment online.
{"title":"Novel Omniphobic Teflon/PAI Composite Membrane Prepared by Vacuum-Assisted Dip-Coating Strategy for Dissolved Gases Separation from Transformer Oil","authors":"Wei Zhang, Qiwei Yang, Yuanyuan Jin, Yuebo Meng, Leyu Shen, Xuran Zhu, Haifeng Gao, Chuan Chen","doi":"10.3390/coatings15111319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15111319","url":null,"abstract":"Omniphobic membranes have gained extensive attention for mitigating membrane wetting in robust membrane separation owing to the super-repulsion toward water and oil. In this study, a Teflon/PAI composite membrane with omniphobic characteristics was prepared by a vacuum-assisted dip-coating strategy on the PAI hollow fiber membrane. A series of characterizations on morphological structure, surface chemical composition, wettability, permeability, mechanical properties, and stability were systematically investigated for pristine PAI and Teflon/PAI composite membranes. Subsequently, the experiment was conducted to explore the oil–gas separation performance of membranes, with standard transformer oil containing dissolved gas as the feed. The results showed that the Teflon AF2400 functional layer was modified, and C-F covalent bonds were introduced on the composite membrane surface. The Teflon/PAI composite membrane exhibited excellent contact angles of 156.3 ± 1.8° and 123.0 ± 2.5° toward DI water and mineral insulating oil, respectively, indicating omniphobicity. After modification, the membrane tensile stress at break increased by 23.0% and the mechanical performance of the composite membrane was significantly improved. In addition, the Teflon/PAI composite membrane presented satisfactory thermal and ultrasonic stability. Compared to the previous membranes, the Teflon/PAI composite membrane presented a thinner Teflon AF2400 separation layer. Furthermore, the omniphobic membrane demonstrated anti-wetting performance by reaching the dynamic equilibrium within 2 h for the dissolved gases separated from the insulating oil. This suggests an omniphobic membrane as a promising alternative for oil–gas separation in monitoring the operating condition of oil-filled electrical equipment online.","PeriodicalId":10520,"journal":{"name":"Coatings","volume":"15 11","pages":"1319-1319"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6412/15/11/1319/pdf?version=1762861553","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147332848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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