Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.25257/fe.2019.1.75-80
G. Kharisov, A. Strelnikov
{"title":"SUBSTANTIATION OF THE TEST LOAD RELEASE ALTITUDE IN DYNAMIC STRENGTH TESTS OF EMERGENCY DESCENDING DEVICES","authors":"G. Kharisov, A. Strelnikov","doi":"10.25257/fe.2019.1.75-80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/fe.2019.1.75-80","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":105490,"journal":{"name":"Fire and Emergencies: prevention, elimination","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134392251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. V. Kuzmin, S. Puzach, R. Akperov, O. Boldrushkiev, Yana Yu. Vashchenkova
Purpose. Pulmonotoxic substances (for example, nitrogen dioxide) are extremely hazardous for people during fires. These substances cause mucous membrane irritation and with prolonged exposure can lead to toxic pulmonary edema. However, fire load database which is used for calculating fire risks does not contain values of nitrogen dioxide formation distribution coefficient. Therefore, determining parameters of nitrogen dioxide formation during various substances and materials burning is a priority. The purpose of the study is to experimentally determine the partial density and distribution coefficient of nitrogen dioxide formation during cellulose nitrate film combustion in an enclosed volume. To achieve it an experimental installation for determining fire hazard of condensed materials during their thermal decomposition has been modified. Methods. Experimental methods of measuring and processing parameters of substances and raw materials burning as well as obtained results analysis methods are used. Findings. A technique for experimental calculation of nitrogen dioxide formation distribution coefficient has been developed and validity of obtained results approximation for real rooms has been justified. Values of distribution coefficient of forming nitrogen dioxide evolved during cellulose nitrate film combustion are experimentally obtained. Maximum weight of the above-mentioned film located in a room of a given volume at which NO2 partial density does not reach its critical or fatal value for people has been assessed. Research application field. Fire load database used when calculating fire risks, according to distribution coefficients of nitrogen dioxide formation during various substances andmaterials combustion has been expanded. Conclusions. The modified experimental installation for determining fire hazard of condensed materials during their thermal decomposition, as well as the developed method for experimental determination of nitrogen dioxide formation distribution coefficient make it possible to obtain data on nitrogen dioxide formation necessary for calculating fire risks in buildings and structures.
{"title":"Experimental determination of specific coefficient of nitrogen dioxide formation during nitrocellulose film combustion","authors":"V. V. Kuzmin, S. Puzach, R. Akperov, O. Boldrushkiev, Yana Yu. Vashchenkova","doi":"10.25257/fe.2022.3.5-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/fe.2022.3.5-13","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Pulmonotoxic substances (for example, nitrogen dioxide) are extremely hazardous for people during fires. These substances cause mucous membrane irritation and with prolonged exposure can lead to toxic pulmonary edema. However, fire load database which is used for calculating fire risks does not contain values of nitrogen dioxide formation distribution coefficient. Therefore, determining parameters of nitrogen dioxide formation during various substances and materials burning is a priority. The purpose of the study is to experimentally determine the partial density and distribution coefficient of nitrogen dioxide formation during cellulose nitrate film combustion in an enclosed volume. To achieve it an experimental installation for determining fire hazard of condensed materials during their thermal decomposition has been modified. Methods. Experimental methods of measuring and processing parameters of substances and raw materials burning as well as obtained results analysis methods are used. Findings. A technique for experimental calculation of nitrogen dioxide formation distribution coefficient has been developed and validity of obtained results approximation for real rooms has been justified. Values of distribution coefficient of forming nitrogen dioxide evolved during cellulose nitrate film combustion are experimentally obtained. Maximum weight of the above-mentioned film located in a room of a given volume at which NO2 partial density does not reach its critical or fatal value for people has been assessed. Research application field. Fire load database used when calculating fire risks, according to distribution coefficients of nitrogen dioxide formation during various substances andmaterials combustion has been expanded. Conclusions. The modified experimental installation for determining fire hazard of condensed materials during their thermal decomposition, as well as the developed method for experimental determination of nitrogen dioxide formation distribution coefficient make it possible to obtain data on nitrogen dioxide formation necessary for calculating fire risks in buildings and structures.","PeriodicalId":105490,"journal":{"name":"Fire and Emergencies: prevention, elimination","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134185499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.25257/fe.2022.4.67-76
R. Aseeva, A. Kobelev, Yu.K. Naganovsky, E. Kruglov
{"title":"Thermal-oxidative destruction of hybrid polyurethane thermal insulation of low flammability","authors":"R. Aseeva, A. Kobelev, Yu.K. Naganovsky, E. Kruglov","doi":"10.25257/fe.2022.4.67-76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/fe.2022.4.67-76","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":105490,"journal":{"name":"Fire and Emergencies: prevention, elimination","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115696648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"COMPLEX ASSESSMENT OF SECURITY LEVEL AT AN INDUSTRIAL FACILITY","authors":"A. Chlenov, T. Butcinskaya, N. Ryabtsev","doi":"10.25257/fe.2019.2.5-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/fe.2019.2.5-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":105490,"journal":{"name":"Fire and Emergencies: prevention, elimination","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115272657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.25257/fe.2021.3.21-29
V. Royenko, R. Khalikov, S. Khramtsov, A. Karmes
Purpose. Fire extinguishing efficiency of flooding with temperature-activated water (TAW) sprays depends on the constituent droplets size and their distribution density. This work is aimed at determining effective characteristics of TAW polydisperse droplet phase for extinguishing fires in confined spaces. The research objectives are: 1) theoretical research of TAW extinguishing capacity dependence on its discharge parameters; 2) developing a generalized model of droplet motion in highly heated fluxes based on the physical process of TAW droplets evaporation in hightemperature environment; 3) modeling the evaporation process of TAW polydisperse droplet phase using the MathLab hardwaresoftware system. Methods. Chemical thermodynamics theory has been used to study evaporation and motion processes of TAW droplet phase. Similarity theory and algorithms theory have been used to simulate the evaporation process of TAW polydisperse droplet phase. Findings. The research has made it possible to establish that the most effective fire extinguishing characteristics are exhibited by temperature-activated water sprays, having droplets with a diameter of less than 5 µm distribution density of more than 60 %. In addition, it has been found that evaporation process of TAW sprays containing a greater number of first mode droplets has a parabolic-asymptotic character. Research application field. The compiled model can be applied to describe the evaporation process of water polydisperse media in highly heated fluxes, as well as to increase flooding efficiency with TAW sprays. Conclusions. Flooding process by means of TAW simulation makes it possible to determine the most effective fire extinguishing characteristics of its discharge for flooding. In further studies, it is advisable to simulate TAW sprays with inhibiting water-soluble salts evaporation process.
{"title":"MODELING OF FLOODING BY TEMPERATURE-ACTIVATED WATER SPRAYS","authors":"V. Royenko, R. Khalikov, S. Khramtsov, A. Karmes","doi":"10.25257/fe.2021.3.21-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/fe.2021.3.21-29","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Fire extinguishing efficiency of flooding with temperature-activated water (TAW) sprays depends on the constituent droplets size and their distribution density. This work is aimed at determining effective characteristics of TAW polydisperse droplet phase for extinguishing fires in confined spaces. The research objectives are: 1) theoretical research of TAW extinguishing capacity dependence on its discharge parameters; 2) developing a generalized model of droplet motion in highly heated fluxes based on the physical process of TAW droplets evaporation in hightemperature environment; 3) modeling the evaporation process of TAW polydisperse droplet phase using the MathLab hardwaresoftware system. Methods. Chemical thermodynamics theory has been used to study evaporation and motion processes of TAW droplet phase. Similarity theory and algorithms theory have been used to simulate the evaporation process of TAW polydisperse droplet phase. Findings. The research has made it possible to establish that the most effective fire extinguishing characteristics are exhibited by temperature-activated water sprays, having droplets with a diameter of less than 5 µm distribution density of more than 60 %. In addition, it has been found that evaporation process of TAW sprays containing a greater number of first mode droplets has a parabolic-asymptotic character. Research application field. The compiled model can be applied to describe the evaporation process of water polydisperse media in highly heated fluxes, as well as to increase flooding efficiency with TAW sprays. Conclusions. Flooding process by means of TAW simulation makes it possible to determine the most effective fire extinguishing characteristics of its discharge for flooding. In further studies, it is advisable to simulate TAW sprays with inhibiting water-soluble salts evaporation process.","PeriodicalId":105490,"journal":{"name":"Fire and Emergencies: prevention, elimination","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122958304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.25257/fe.2022.4.52-58
A. Voloshenko, M.V. Shevtsov
{"title":"Information and analytical support in assessing safe fire distance between buildings in industrial areas","authors":"A. Voloshenko, M.V. Shevtsov","doi":"10.25257/fe.2022.4.52-58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/fe.2022.4.52-58","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":105490,"journal":{"name":"Fire and Emergencies: prevention, elimination","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125423106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.25257/fe.2019.4.69-74
S. Chebotarev, A. Ovsyanik, I. Lysenko
{"title":"MANAGING PREPAREDNESS, EFFICIENCY AND LIFE CYCLE OF EMERCOM APPLIANCES","authors":"S. Chebotarev, A. Ovsyanik, I. Lysenko","doi":"10.25257/fe.2019.4.69-74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/fe.2019.4.69-74","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":105490,"journal":{"name":"Fire and Emergencies: prevention, elimination","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125528720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.25257/fe.2023.2.12-18
V. Nazarov, Aleksander G. Vlasov, M. M. Tangiev
PURPOSE. Predicting duration of petroleum products evaporation in process units is a necessary step in the development of engineering documentation before maintaining process units for under inflammable and combustible liquids. The article is devoted to one of the most common technological operations – gas space ventilation of process units. METHODS. The ventilation process is analytically described by the differential equation of material balance. Formulas for calculating ventilation duration are presented. Analytical determination of ventilation duration is performed. The procedure for the experimental study of the ventilation process is presented. FINDINGS. The ventilation process is conditionally divided into three periods: unsteady, stationary (main) and degassing period. The first and third periods are short-term ones. The main period depends on the amount of oil product residues in the process unit and its properties. RESEARCH APPLICATION FIELD. The results of analytical and experimental studies can be used for predicting ventilation process duration and assessing the level of its fire and explosion hazard during maintenance of process units and admission to hot works. CONCLUSIONS. The method of experimental and theoretical study of evaporation process of IFL (CL) and assessment of its fire hazard level is proposed.
{"title":"Predicting duration of petroleum products evaporation in process units","authors":"V. Nazarov, Aleksander G. Vlasov, M. M. Tangiev","doi":"10.25257/fe.2023.2.12-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/fe.2023.2.12-18","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE. Predicting duration of petroleum products evaporation in process units is a necessary step in the development of engineering documentation before maintaining process units for under inflammable and combustible liquids. The article is devoted to one of the most common technological operations – gas space ventilation of process units. METHODS. The ventilation process is analytically described by the differential equation of material balance. Formulas for calculating ventilation duration are presented. Analytical determination of ventilation duration is performed. The procedure for the experimental study of the ventilation process is presented. FINDINGS. The ventilation process is conditionally divided into three periods: unsteady, stationary (main) and degassing period. The first and third periods are short-term ones. The main period depends on the amount of oil product residues in the process unit and its properties. RESEARCH APPLICATION FIELD. The results of analytical and experimental studies can be used for predicting ventilation process duration and assessing the level of its fire and explosion hazard during maintenance of process units and admission to hot works. CONCLUSIONS. The method of experimental and theoretical study of evaporation process of IFL (CL) and assessment of its fire hazard level is proposed.","PeriodicalId":105490,"journal":{"name":"Fire and Emergencies: prevention, elimination","volume":"292 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125959100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.25257/fe.2019.1.57-62
Enkhtayvan Uuganbayar, N. Prisyazhnyuk
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF FIRE STATISTICS AND INTEGRATED SOCIO-ECONOMIC INDICATOR OF FIRE RISKS IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES IN MONGOLIA","authors":"Enkhtayvan Uuganbayar, N. Prisyazhnyuk","doi":"10.25257/fe.2019.1.57-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/fe.2019.1.57-62","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":105490,"journal":{"name":"Fire and Emergencies: prevention, elimination","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129722033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.25257/fe.2022.3.63-72
A. Efimov, D. Shikhalev
Purpose. The analysis of fires and research in the field of evacuation has shown that at present there are a number of problems in evacuating people from shopping and entertainment centers, in particular, the personnel of these facilities do not always have the appropriate training, as well as practical skills required to act in case of fire. The purpose of the study is to determine the factors evacuation organization from shopping and entertainment centers. To achieve this goal it was necessary to conduct a survey of managers, security personnel, and the staff of shopping and entertainment centers, and analyze the obtained results. The choice of this category of respondents is due to the fact that in most cases they are the ones who the decision-making by evacuees depends on. Methods. To formalize the decision-making process and obtain data on knowledge and attitude of the staff of shopping and entertainment centers in the field of organizing and managing evacuation, identifying their quantitative parameters, the survey method has been used. Findings. In the course of the study, a survey of managers and the security staff members (768 respondents) was conducted. The important facts in the field of organizing evacuation process have been identified. The procedure of employees’ actions in organizing evacuation has been formalized. Algorithms for actions of security staff members in case of fire have been determined. Research application field. In the course of further work, it is planned to implement the obtained algorithms into the simulator of the evacuation process during the simulation, which will make it possible to determine the optimal strategies for organizing evacuation of people. Conclusions. In the course of further work, it is planned to implement the obtained algorithms into the simulator of the evacuation process during the simulation, which will make it possible to determine the optimal strategies for organizing evacuation of people.
{"title":"Assessment of factors influencing the behavior of security personnel of shopping and entertainment centers in evacuation organization","authors":"A. Efimov, D. Shikhalev","doi":"10.25257/fe.2022.3.63-72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/fe.2022.3.63-72","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. The analysis of fires and research in the field of evacuation has shown that at present there are a number of problems in evacuating people from shopping and entertainment centers, in particular, the personnel of these facilities do not always have the appropriate training, as well as practical skills required to act in case of fire. The purpose of the study is to determine the factors evacuation organization from shopping and entertainment centers. To achieve this goal it was necessary to conduct a survey of managers, security personnel, and the staff of shopping and entertainment centers, and analyze the obtained results. The choice of this category of respondents is due to the fact that in most cases they are the ones who the decision-making by evacuees depends on. Methods. To formalize the decision-making process and obtain data on knowledge and attitude of the staff of shopping and entertainment centers in the field of organizing and managing evacuation, identifying their quantitative parameters, the survey method has been used. Findings. In the course of the study, a survey of managers and the security staff members (768 respondents) was conducted. The important facts in the field of organizing evacuation process have been identified. The procedure of employees’ actions in organizing evacuation has been formalized. Algorithms for actions of security staff members in case of fire have been determined. Research application field. In the course of further work, it is planned to implement the obtained algorithms into the simulator of the evacuation process during the simulation, which will make it possible to determine the optimal strategies for organizing evacuation of people. Conclusions. In the course of further work, it is planned to implement the obtained algorithms into the simulator of the evacuation process during the simulation, which will make it possible to determine the optimal strategies for organizing evacuation of people.","PeriodicalId":105490,"journal":{"name":"Fire and Emergencies: prevention, elimination","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123748152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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