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Stationary maintenance bodies of EMERCOM of Russia: current state and directions of development 俄罗斯EMERCOM固定维修机构现状及发展方向
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.25257/fe.2023.1.89-98
V. A. Aristarkhov, P. Grishankov, O. Dvoenko
Purpose. The article considers the issue of formation and development of maintenance units in fire service system, from the post-war years to the present. The positive and negative aspects of various forms functioning of maintenance bodies within EMERCOM’s of Russia system have been defined. The relevance of presence of stationary maintenance bodies within EMERCOM’s of Russia system in the form of a “federal autonomous institution” and/or structural subdivision of a territorial body has been confirmed. The directions for further work related to managerial decision making support in matters concerning the setting up of maintenance institutions (subdivisions) in a territorial body of EMERCOM of Russia have been determined. Methods. A retrospective analysis of an expert assessment made it possible to determine strengths and weaknesses of various types of maintenance units functioning of EMERCOM of Russia. Findings. The analysis of functioning of stationary maintenance bodies of EMERCOM of Russia for the period 2002–2021 has been carried out. As part of the study, an expert survey has been conducted with the involvement of specialists having necessary competencies in the field of maintenance units management. In the course of the study the conclusion has been made that the most effective form of functioning of a stationary maintenance institution is the form of a “federal autonomous institution”. At the same time, the presence in a territorial body of EMERCOM of Russia of a maintenance unit in organizational and legal form of a “federal autonomous institution” does not exclude the possibility of establishing a maintenance unit in the form of a structural subdivision of the territorial body and vice versa. Research application field. The obtained results can be used in practical work of command and control bodies of EMERCOM of Russia in the course of organizational design of territorial fire and rescue garrisons in solving problems of ensuring technical preparedness of fire and rescue units. Conclusions. The presence of stationary maintenance units in territorial bodies of EMERCOM of Russia allows increasing the efficiency and quality of solving tasks to ensure technical preparedness of fire and rescue units. Moreover, the possibility of choosing the organizational and legal form of the maintenance body allows expanding the range of tasks to be solved, enhancing the efficiency of their work, creating conditions for attracting qualified personnel and developing the material and technical base, which is especially important for EMERCOM of Russia in modern socio-economic conditions.
目的。本文探讨了战后至今消防系统中维修单位的组建与发展问题。确定了俄罗斯系统内EMERCOM维护机构各种形式运作的积极和消极方面。已证实,在俄罗斯系统内的常设维修机构以“联邦自治机构”和(或)领土机构的结构分支的形式存在是适当的。已经确定了与支持管理决策事项有关的进一步工作方向,这些事项涉及在俄罗斯的一个领土机构内设立维修机构(分部)。方法。通过对专家评估的回顾性分析,可以确定俄罗斯应急军事司令部各类型维修单位的优缺点。发现。对2002-2021年期间俄罗斯EMERCOM固定维修机构的运作进行了分析。作为研究的一部分,在维修单位管理方面具有必要能力的专家的参与下,进行了一项专家调查。在研究过程中得出的结论是,固定维修机构最有效的运作形式是“联邦自治机构”的形式。与此同时,在俄罗斯的一个领土机构内设有一个以“联邦自治机构”的组织和法律形式存在的维护单位,并不排除以领土机构的结构分支形式设立维护单位的可能性,反之亦然。研究应用领域。所得结果可用于俄罗斯EMERCOM指挥控制机构在领土消防救援部队组织设计过程中的实际工作,以解决确保消防救援部队技术准备的问题。结论。俄罗斯EMERCOM地区机构的固定维修单位的存在可以提高解决任务的效率和质量,以确保消防和救援单位的技术准备。此外,选择维护机构的组织和法律形式的可能性可以扩大要解决的任务范围,提高其工作效率,为吸引合格人员和发展物质和技术基础创造条件,这对俄罗斯EMERCOM在现代社会经济条件下尤为重要。
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引用次数: 0
RESEARCH OF BREAKOUT WAVE PARAMETERS AT DESTRUCTION OF TANKS WITH A CAPACITY UP TO 30 000 M3 IN EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS 试验条件下3万m3储罐爆破波参数研究
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.25257/fe.2019.1.12-18
S. Shvyrkov, S. Puzach, S. Goryachev, A. Shvyrkov
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引用次数: 0
FIRE HAZARD ANALYSIS IN THE RESIDENTIAL SECTOR OF MONGOLIA 蒙古住宅地区火灾危害分析
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.25257/fe.2019.1.81-88
Uuganbayar Enkhtayvan
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引用次数: 0
HOW MANY FIRES OCCUR IN AFRICA? 非洲发生过多少次火灾?
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.25257/fe.2020.4.73-79
N. Brushlinsky, S. Sokolov, P. Wagner, Berlin Fire
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引用次数: 0
INTEGRATED APPROACH TO THE FORMATION OF CHILDREN’S FIRE SAFETY BEHAVIOUR CULTURE 儿童消防安全行为文化形成的综合途径
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.25257/fe.2019.2.52-56
Elena Klepko, A. Chistyakov, V. Sidorkin, A. Chistyakova
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引用次数: 1
Leakage current value when extinguishing live electrical equipment by automatic gas and water fire suppression systems 燃气和水自动灭火系统灭火带电电气设备时的泄漏电流值
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.25257/fe.2023.2.56-65
M. Aleshkov, Andrey A. Kolbasin, D. A. Ioshchenko, Aleksander M. Solonenko
PURPOSE. The article studies the issue of extinguishing live electrical equipment by means of automatic fire suppression systems (AFSS). The purpose of the work is to assess the possibility of personnel’s safe use of various types of automatic fire suppression systems when extinguishing live electrical equipment at power facilities. The authors analyze the statistics of transformer substation and cable duct fires in the Russian Federation within the period from 2018 to 2021 and regulations in the field of application of automatic fire suppression systems for extinguishing fires of live electrical equipment. A series of experiments was carried out to determine the leakage current when a fire extinguishing agent is supplied from AFSS to energized equipment. METHODS. To study the possibility of using AFSS in case of fires of live electrical equipment at power facilities, methods of analysis and experiment are used. FINDINGS. The first series of experiments was carried out on an automatic gas fire suppression system using halon 125 as a fire extinguishing agent. Extinction of B1 simulated fire sources filled with n-heptane was carried out. Over the whole experiment on the hand-operated starting device of the automatic system leakage current did not exceed the threshold non-perceptible value of 0.5 mA. The second series of experiments was carried out on a water spray automatic fire suppression system. The large spray angle of the nozzles prevented the entire amount of fire extinguishing agent from reaching the standard target; therefore, in order to obtain more accurate data, a new target sized 3 000×3,000 mm was manufactured. Spray nozzles with different k-factor values were investigated. The experiment made it possible to determine the values of leakage current on a pump unit body and spray nozzle. RESEARCH APPLICATION FIELD. The obtained experimental data indicate the possibility of safe use of water spray and gas automatic fire suppression systems to extinguish live electrical equipment. CONCLUSIONS. The results of the study can provide a substantiation for measures that exclude electric shock to facility personnel in case of using automatic fire suppression systems when extinguishing live electrical equipment.
目的。本文研究了利用自动灭火系统(AFSS)扑灭带电电气设备的问题。这项工作的目的是评估人员在扑灭电力设施带电电气设备时安全使用各种类型的自动灭火系统的可能性。作者分析了2018 - 2021年俄罗斯联邦变电站和电缆管道火灾的统计数据,以及用于熄灭带电电气设备火灾的自动灭火系统应用领域的法规。进行了一系列实验,以确定从AFSS向通电设备提供灭火剂时的泄漏电流。方法。为了研究在电力设施带电电气设备发生火灾时使用AFSS的可能性,采用了分析和实验的方法。发现。第一个系列的实验是在一个自动气体灭火系统上进行的,该系统使用哈龙125作为灭火剂。对充满正庚烷的B1模拟火源进行了熄灭实验。纵观整个实验,对手动启动装置的自动系统泄漏电流未超过0.5 mA的不可察觉阈值。第二系列试验是在喷水灭火系统上进行的。喷头喷淋角度大,导致灭火剂总量达不到标准目标;因此,为了获得更准确的数据,制造了尺寸为3 000×3,000 mm的新靶。对不同k因子值的喷嘴进行了研究。通过实验,可以确定泵机组体和喷嘴上的泄漏电流值。研究应用领域。获得的实验数据表明,安全使用喷水和气体自动灭火系统来扑灭带电电气设备的可能性。结论。研究结果可为在灭火带电电气设备时,若使用自动灭火系统,避免对设施人员造成电击的措施提供依据。
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引用次数: 0
On applying module of the radar signals system during search and rescue operations 浅谈雷达信号系统在搜救中的应用模块
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.25257/fe.2022.4.13-22
A. Mokshantsev, Kh.A.M.N. Malfi
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引用次数: 0
Studying technological and functional characteristics of long-term quickly erected geodesic dome shelters for the needs of EMERCOM of Russia 针对俄罗斯EMERCOM的需求,研究了长期快速搭建的测地圆顶掩体的技术和功能特点
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.25257/fe.2022.3.14-26
A. Kolpakov, O. Dolgov, V. V. Zykov, I. M. Kolpakova, S. Popov
Purpose. A technological and functional analysis of features of structural-power schemes (SPS) of long-term quickly erected geodesic dome shelters for the needs of airmobile groups of EMERCOM of the Russian Federation was carried out. The results of the interdisciplinary study of the two types of SPS geodesic dome structures with expanded capacity were presented. Methods. Based on the calculations results, the curves of the technological and functional features of the investigated types of SPS of long-term quickly erected geodesic dome shelters for the needs of airmobile groups of EMERCOM of Russia were obtained, which ultimately resulted in making a comprehensive comparative evaluation by the use of a graphic-analytical method. Findings. The outcomes of the two variants of SPS complex comparison according to technological and functional criteria allow us to confirm the undeniable advantages of the second type of SPS (a hemisphere based upon a cylinder) compared to the firstone (3/4 segment of the ball). Considered in the article the structural and technological solutions resulting from applying an integrated approach will allow designing new, more comfortable and technically advanced long-term quickly erected dome shelters by increasing the construction and mobility efficiency; by simplifying the erection process due to the structural elements unification, visual control of the correct assembly during the structure erection, control of the technical condition of the structure during operation. The given factors are especially relevant in the context of solving the problems of accommodating large groups of people who urgently need to be provided with long-term accommodation in emergency situations. Research application field. The results obtained will make it possible to adequately choose the type of geodesic dome SPS to create long-term shelters to ensure more efficient operations of airmobile groups of EMERCOM when eliminating consequences of emergencies. Conclusions. As a whole, these circumstances make the second variant of SPS preferable from the point of view of ensuring simplification of the technology for erecting long-term shelters, which is especially important for a large-scale construction. The use of the second type of SPS as quickly-erected long-term geodesic dome shelters in the future can increase the effectiveness of EMERCOM airmobile groups when eliminating consequences of emergencies.
目的。针对俄罗斯联邦EMERCOM空中机动部队的需要,对长期快速搭建的测地线圆顶掩体结构动力方案(SPS)的特点进行了技术和功能分析。介绍了两种扩容SPS测地圆顶结构的跨学科研究成果。方法。根据计算结果,得到了所研究类型的满足俄罗斯EMERCOM空中机动部队需求的长期快速搭建的测地圆顶掩体的SPS的技术和功能特征曲线,并最终采用图形分析法进行了综合比较评价。发现。根据技术和功能标准,两种SPS复杂比较的结果使我们能够确认第二种SPS(基于圆柱体的半球)与第一种SPS(球的3/4段)相比具有不可否认的优势。在文章中,考虑到采用综合方法产生的结构和技术解决方案,将通过提高建筑和移动效率,设计出新的、更舒适的、技术先进的长期快速建造的圆顶庇护所;由于结构元件的统一,简化了安装过程,在结构安装过程中对正确装配的视觉控制,在操作过程中对结构技术条件的控制。在解决在紧急情况下迫切需要长期住房的大批人的住房问题方面,上述因素尤为重要。研究应用领域。所获得的结果将使人们能够充分选择用于创建长期掩体的测地线圆顶SPS类型,以确保在消除紧急情况后果时EMERCOM的空中机动组更有效地运作。结论。总的来说,这些情况使SPS的第二种变体更可取,因为它能确保简化建造长期庇护所的技术,这对大规模建筑尤其重要。在未来使用第二种SPS作为快速建立的长期测地圆顶掩体可以提高EMERCOM空中机动小组在消除紧急情况后果时的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
On the tactical capabilities of gas and smoke protection service units when working in difficult conditions 气体和烟雾保护服务单位在困难条件下工作时的战术能力
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.25257/fe.2023.2.66-72
I.V. Korshunov, Aleksander V. Smagin, V. V. Terebnev
PURPOSE. Orientation of the gas and smoke protection service (GSPS) unit when working in an unbreathable environment while rescuing people and extinguishing fires is a rather difficult task. It becomes even more difficult if a fire occurs in challenging environment, for example, in subway tunnels or cable structures of energy enterprises. The length of these objects can reach several hundred meters, and, as a rule, there are only two entry points for GSPS units in them: an entrance and an exit located on opposite sides of the structure. The authors have analyzed means of GSPS unit orientation in conditions of bad visibility. With the help of mathematical calculations, the expediency of introducing the considered methods into practice is substantiated. METHODS. The article presents an analysis of the ways and methods of GSPS unit orienting. On the basis of mathematical analysis, possible circumstances of the smoke divers operation in a fire are predicted. FINDINGS. A preliminary assessment of GSPS units’ tactical capabilities operating in difficult fire conditions in the subway tunnel has been carried out. Calculations of GSPS unit operation parameters have been made in accordance with the generally accepted methodology. It has been determined that even under the most favorable conditions the GSPS unit is not able to complete the task without having clear spatial references. RESEARCH APPLICATION FIELD. The results obtained can be used in smoke divers training, as well as in the practical activities of firefighters guarding metro and energy facilities. CONCLUSIONS. The authors have proposed variants of signs and markings that allow smoke divers to determine their location in a timely manner and make competent management decisions. Introducing the proposed methods for GSPS units orienting will make it possible to perform the tasks of rescuing victims as quickly and safely as possible.
目的。气体和烟雾保护服务(GSPS)单位在一个不透气的环境中工作,同时救援人员和灭火是一个相当困难的任务。如果火灾发生在具有挑战性的环境中,例如地铁隧道或能源企业的电缆结构,则更加困难。这些物体的长度可以达到几百米,而且,作为一种规则,只有两个GSPS单元的入口点:一个入口和一个出口位于结构的两侧。分析了在能见度差的条件下GSPS单元定向的方法。在数学计算的帮助下,证实了将所考虑的方法引入实践的方便性。方法。本文分析了gps单元定位的途径和方法。在数学分析的基础上,预测了烟雾潜水员在火灾中作业的可能情况。发现。对GSPS单位在地铁隧道困难火灾条件下的战术能力进行了初步评估。GSPS装置运行参数的计算是按照公认的方法进行的。已经确定,即使在最有利的条件下,如果没有明确的空间参考,GSPS单元也无法完成任务。研究应用领域。所得结果可用于烟雾潜水员的训练,也可用于地铁和能源设施消防人员的实际活动。结论。作者提出了各种各样的标志和标记,使烟雾潜水员能够及时确定自己的位置,并做出有效的管理决策。为GSPS单位定向采用拟议的方法将使尽可能迅速和安全地执行救援受害者的任务成为可能。
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引用次数: 0
BANDAGE FITTING ALGORITHM IN A HORIZONTAL TANK WITH HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS 危险化学品卧式储罐绷带拟合算法
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.25257/fe.2019.4.62-68
A. Denisov, S. Sheremetiev
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引用次数: 0
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Fire and Emergencies: prevention, elimination
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