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Fire and Emergencies: prevention, elimination最新文献

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Efficiency of command-staff exercises for working out the issues of eliminating emergency situations and providing first aid to victims 指挥人员演习的效率,以解决消除紧急情况和向受害者提供急救的问题
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.25257/fe.2022.3.118-124
Marina M. Krupchak, Irina V. Masserova
Purpose. The article presents the results of the field command-staff exercise (СSE) analysis, conducted by State Fire Academy of EMERCOM of Russia in the Noginsk Rescue Center of EMERCOM of Russia. The purpose of the study was to determine the level of СSE effectiveness based on the feedback received from the cadets of the Academy. The indicators of СSE participants satisfaction with the professional level of practical training have been revealed. Based on the analysis and evaluation of the study results practical recommendations aimed at optimizing the educational process are formulated. Methods. An empirical research method has been used to objectify the scientific data. A survey of a certain number of respondents has been conducted in order to study the students’ subjective opinions. The obtained results have been interpreted by the rank correlation method. Findings. Based on the analysis of scientific sources and the results of the data obtained, practical recommendations are formulated and prospects for further research are outlined. Research application field. The scope of the study includes the solution of practical problems for working out the issues of emergency situations elimination and first aid provision to victims, which is the priority in the activities of EMERCOM of Russia. Conclusions. The analysis of the obtained results made it possible to sum up the CSE results, to determine the degree of achieved learning goals. The measures necessary to eliminate the identified shortcomings and further improve the preparation for extreme activities in emergency situations of peacetime and wartime have been identified.
目的。本文介绍了俄罗斯EMERCOM国家消防学院在俄罗斯EMERCOM诺金斯克救援中心进行的现场指挥人员演习(СSE)分析的结果。这项研究的目的是根据从军校学员收到的反馈来确定СSE的有效性水平。揭示了СSE参与者对实训专业水平的满意度指标。在对研究结果进行分析和评价的基础上,提出了优化教学过程的实用建议。方法。采用实证研究方法对科学数据进行客观化。为了研究学生的主观意见,对一定数量的受访者进行了调查。所得结果用秩相关法进行了解释。发现。在分析科学来源和获得的数据结果的基础上,提出了切实可行的建议,并概述了进一步研究的前景。研究应用领域。研究的范围包括解决实际问题,以解决消除紧急情况和向受害者提供急救的问题,这是俄罗斯紧急情况应急委员会活动的优先事项。结论。对获得的结果进行分析,可以总结CSE的结果,确定学习目标的实现程度。已经确定了必要措施,以消除已查明的缺点,并进一步改进对和平时期和战时紧急情况下极端活动的准备工作。
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引用次数: 0
Simulation of extinguishment fires in a gas compressor station engine room with temperature-activated water 温度活化水灭火气体压缩站机舱火灾模拟
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.25257/fe.2023.1.70-77
R. Khalikov, V. Khalikov
Purpose. Theoretical studies stated that one of the ways to increase the extinguishing efficiency of temperature-activated water (TAW) is the introduction of water-soluble inhibitory compounds into it. However, simulation of total flooding of confined volumes fires by this medium and field experiments confirming the theoretical conclusions were not carried out. The aim of the work was the experimental study of total flooding of fires in gas compressor stations engine rooms with the introduction of inhibitory salts. To realize it, the following tasks were solved: 1) analysis of existing models of total flooding of fires and the formation of a TAW model in the PyroSim hardware and software complex; 2) carrying out mathematical simulation of total flooding of fires with TAW. Methods. Methods of analysis and synthesis were used to evaluate the available data. To study total flooding processes, the theory of branched-chain combustion processes was used. The objectivity of the found theoretical dependencies was confirmed by the experimental method. Findings. The experimental study allowed us to confirm the objectivity of the theoretical dependencies found. The most effective distribution of the polydisperse droplet phase of TAW was determined to create inhibitory properties. Temperature reduction dependences in a confined volume on the quenching time were determined. Research application field. The obtained models can be used to increase the efficiency of suppressing flame combustion in a confined volume. Conclusions. The obtained results will form the theoretical basis for describing the mechanisms of total flooding with TAW.
目的。理论研究表明,在温度活化水(TAW)中引入水溶性抑制化合物是提高TAW灭火效率的途径之一。但是,没有对这种介质进行密闭体积火灾的全淹模拟和现场试验来证实理论结论。本研究的目的是在引入抑制盐的情况下,对燃气压缩站机房的火灾进行全面淹水的实验研究。为实现这一目标,主要解决以下问题:1)分析现有的火灾总洪水模型,并在PyroSim硬件和软件综合体中形成TAW模型;2)利用TAW对火灾总淹没进行数学模拟。方法。采用分析和综合的方法对现有资料进行评价。采用支链燃烧理论研究全泛油过程。用实验方法验证了发现的理论依赖关系的客观性。发现。实验研究使我们能够确认所发现的理论依赖性的客观性。确定了TAW多分散液滴相的最有效分布以产生抑制性能。确定了在有限体积内温度降低对淬火时间的依赖性。研究应用领域。所得模型可用于提高在有限体积内抑制火焰燃烧的效率。结论。所得结果将为描述TAW全驱机理提供理论基础。
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引用次数: 0
REVIEW OF EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON EMERGENCY OIL PRODUCTS SPILLS 应急油品泄漏试验研究综述
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.25257/fe.2019.1.32-35
S. Batmanov, M. Samokhin, Stanislav Sukharsky, V. Tishchenko, T. Tishchenko, Llc “Pozharnaya Okhrana”, Llc “Aksion”, Llc Gazprom dobycha Nadym
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引用次数: 0
THEORY OF CIVIL PROTECTION IN THE MODERN SYSTEM OF KNOWLEDGE BRANCHES 民事保护理论是现代知识体系的分支
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.25257/fe.2019.3.63-70
S. Chebotarev, A. Ovsyanik, I. Lysenko
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引用次数: 0
PRIMARY CONVERTERS FOR OPERATIONAL GAS ANALYSIS 用于操作气体分析的初级转化器
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.25257/fe.2019.1.89-92
S. Kalugin, A. Gulyaev, I. Reformatskaya, A. Ryabev, Russian Space Systems, Jjsc Russian Space Systems
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引用次数: 0
APPLICATION OF CGI-ANIMATIONS FOR LABORATORY WORKS ON FIRE SAFETY IN TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES COURSE IN DISTANCE LEARNING cgi动画在远程教学工艺工艺课程消防安全实验作业中的应用
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.25257/fe.2021.4.75-81
Shvyrkov S., Shvyrkov A., P. A
Purpose. The article demonstrates the capabilities of CGI-animation technologies in creating video clips for laboratory works on the course of Fire Safety in Technological Processes and the options for their use in both traditional and distance learning, which is especially timely taking into consideration threat of spreading coronavirus infection. Methods. To create video clips for laboratory works, methods and techniques of 3D graphics have been used, including the creation of volumetric models of the objects best matching the real ones, scene formation, animation, visualization and working with video. Findings. CGI-animation technologies have been used for creating video clips for laboratory works on the following topics of Fire Safety in Technological Processes course: – studying fire hazard of pressure increase in a heated apparatus with a liquid; – studying flammability of sparks impact and friction; – studying the parameters of fire and explosion hazard during flammable and combustible liquids evaporation into still environment; – studying the parameters of fire and explosion safety when ventilating devices from combustible gases and vapors. Research application field. The video clips for laboratory works created on the CGI-animation technologies basis are successfully used both in traditional and distance types of training on the course of Fire Safety in Technological Processes at State Fire Academy of EMERCOM of Russia. Conclusions. Laboratory works using CGI-animation can be successfully applied both in distance and traditional learning formats, which diversifies the educational process and makes it more intense. CGI-animation technologies can be successfully used for developing educational content for various subjects not only for distance learning, but also for the other forms of education. In the future laboratory works can be improved through creating virtual laboratory works on their basis.
目的。本文展示了cgi动画技术在为“技术过程中的消防安全”课程的实验室工作制作视频剪辑方面的能力,以及在传统和远程学习中使用cgi动画技术的选择,特别是考虑到冠状病毒感染传播的威胁。方法。为了制作实验室作品的视频剪辑,使用了3D图形的方法和技术,包括创建与真实物体最匹配的物体的体积模型,场景形成,动画,可视化和使用视频。发现。“工艺过程中的消防安全”课程的实验室工作,已使用cgi动画技术制作以下主题的短片:-研究在装有液体的加热装置中增加压力的火灾危险;-研究火花冲击和摩擦的可燃性;-研究易燃、可燃液体蒸发到静止环境中的火灾和爆炸危险参数;-研究装置从可燃气体和蒸气中通风时的火灾和爆炸安全参数。研究应用领域。在cgi动画技术基础上制作的实验室作品视频剪辑成功地用于俄罗斯EMERCOM国家消防学院“技术过程中的消防安全”课程的传统和远程培训。结论。使用cgi动画的实验作品可以成功地应用于远程和传统的学习形式,使教学过程多样化,更加激烈。cgi动画技术可以成功地用于开发各种学科的教育内容,不仅适用于远程学习,也适用于其他形式的教育。在今后的实验室工作中,可以在其基础上创建虚拟实验室工作。
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引用次数: 0
FIRE RESISTANCE OF ENCLOSING LIGHT WOODEN FRAME CONSTRUCTIONS WITH POLYMER THERMAL INSULATION OF CARBONIZING TYPE 碳化型聚合物绝热包覆轻型木架结构的耐火性能
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.25257/fe.2019.3.71-80
E. Kruglov, F. Shutov, R. Aseeva
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引用次数: 0
Uncertainties in calculating the parameters of a gas-air cloud explosion during an emergency release of liquefied natural gas in open space 在开放空间紧急释放液化天然气时计算气-气云爆炸参数的不确定性
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.25257/fe.2023.1.44-50
I. A. Teterin
Purpose. Increasing production of liquefied natural gas (LNG) in the Russian Federation raise the risk of the accidental LNG releases. To prevent the negative consequences of a possible gas-air cloud explosion during LNG release, it is necessary to predict probable emergency scenarios. Regulatory documents for determining fire risk make it possible to define the likely consequences of an explosion of liquefied hydrocarbon gases (LPG) vapor clouds, however the application of calculation methods for LNG requires additional analysis. Methods. The analysis of methods for calculating the parameters of a gas-air cloud explosion in an open space is carried out, the consequences of real gas-air clouds explosions during the emergency LNG release are analyzed. Findings. The analysis of the methods has showed the main uncertainties in predicting the parameters of LNG vapor cloud explosion. Propagation features of LNG vapor cloud, the influence of various gases that are part of LNG are not taken into account. Research application field. The results obtained will allow improving the method for calculating the pressure of the gas-air clouds explosion during the emergency LNG release. Conclusions. The analysis of the real accident with LNG release has showed that the calculated pressures obtained on the basis of the methods are incomparable with the explosion consequences. The further direction for improving the methodology of calculating the explosion pressure of gas-air clouds during the emergency LNG release is determined. To improve the methodology it is necessary to determine the effect of combustible gases, which are part of LNG, on the parameters of the explosion, and also take into account the effect of low temperatures of LNG vapor cloud.
目的。俄罗斯联邦液化天然气(LNG)产量的增加增加了液化天然气意外泄漏的风险。为了防止液化天然气释放过程中可能发生的气-气云爆炸的负面后果,有必要预测可能出现的紧急情况。确定火灾风险的规范性文件使得确定液化碳氢气体(LPG)蒸气云爆炸的可能后果成为可能,但是LNG计算方法的应用需要额外的分析。方法。分析了开放空间气-空气云爆炸参数的计算方法,分析了LNG应急释放过程中实际气-空气云爆炸的后果。发现。分析了几种预测方法在预测LNG蒸汽云爆炸参数时存在的主要不确定性。LNG蒸气云的传播特性,以及作为LNG组成部分的各种气体的影响均未考虑在内。研究应用领域。所得结果将有助于改进液化天然气紧急释放时气-气云爆炸压力的计算方法。结论。对LNG泄漏事故的实际分析表明,基于该方法计算得到的压力与爆炸后果是无法比较的。确定了液化天然气紧急释放过程中气-气云爆炸压力计算方法的进一步改进方向。为了改进方法,有必要确定作为液化天然气一部分的可燃气体对爆炸参数的影响,并考虑液化天然气蒸气云低温的影响。
{"title":"Uncertainties in calculating the parameters of a gas-air cloud explosion during an emergency release of liquefied natural gas in open space","authors":"I. A. Teterin","doi":"10.25257/fe.2023.1.44-50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/fe.2023.1.44-50","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Increasing production of liquefied natural gas (LNG) in the Russian Federation raise the risk of the accidental LNG releases. To prevent the negative consequences of a possible gas-air cloud explosion during LNG release, it is necessary to predict probable emergency scenarios. Regulatory documents for determining fire risk make it possible to define the likely consequences of an explosion of liquefied hydrocarbon gases (LPG) vapor clouds, however the application of calculation methods for LNG requires additional analysis. Methods. The analysis of methods for calculating the parameters of a gas-air cloud explosion in an open space is carried out, the consequences of real gas-air clouds explosions during the emergency LNG release are analyzed. Findings. The analysis of the methods has showed the main uncertainties in predicting the parameters of LNG vapor cloud explosion. Propagation features of LNG vapor cloud, the influence of various gases that are part of LNG are not taken into account. Research application field. The results obtained will allow improving the method for calculating the pressure of the gas-air clouds explosion during the emergency LNG release. Conclusions. The analysis of the real accident with LNG release has showed that the calculated pressures obtained on the basis of the methods are incomparable with the explosion consequences. The further direction for improving the methodology of calculating the explosion pressure of gas-air clouds during the emergency LNG release is determined. To improve the methodology it is necessary to determine the effect of combustible gases, which are part of LNG, on the parameters of the explosion, and also take into account the effect of low temperatures of LNG vapor cloud.","PeriodicalId":105490,"journal":{"name":"Fire and Emergencies: prevention, elimination","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115711596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF COMPREHENSIVE FIRE SAFETY MONITORING SYSTEM AT POWER ENGINEERING FACILITIES 电力工程设施消防安全综合监控系统的数学模型
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.25257/fe.2019.2.9-15
V. Zykov, D. Zhuravlev
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引用次数: 0
EXPERIMENTAL INSTALLATION FOR DETERMINING CRITICAL INTENSITY OF FOAM DISCHARGE TO A TANK WITH HIGH-OCTANE GASOLINE 测定高辛烷值汽油罐内泡沫放电临界强度的实验装置
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.25257/fe.2021.3.30-36
S. Shvyrkov, I. Apanasenko, A. Tretyakov, S. Makarov, A. Feschenko, S. Voevoda
Purpose. The analysis of normative documents regulating the amount of foam supply intensity for extinguishing high-octane gasoline was carried out in the research. The developed technique of determining foam supply critical intensity by various methods depending on the initial heating of high-octane gasoline is described, as well as the experimental installation that allows implementing a combined foam discharge method whereby foam is simultaneously discharged both onto the surface of the combustible liquid and under the layer. Methods. The authors analyzed normative documents regulating fire extinguishment of oil and petrochemicals. The study was carried out at the experimental installation developed according to the appropriate test method. Findings. The analysis of normative documents indicated differences in the criteria for choosing foam discharge intensity for high-octane gasoline. It was decided to determine the possibility of applying increasing factors for standard values of foam discharge intensity depending on time of free fire development in a high-octane gasoline tank. The experimental installation was based on the standardized installation according to GOST R 50588, which was modernized for possible foam discharge in a combined way. Fuel is preheated to determine the heating temperature effect on foam application rate. Model foam generators with a flow rate of 1.8-2.2 g/s and pans of various diameters were used to change the intensity of foam discharge. Research application field. This technique will be used for obtaining data on determining the most effective method of extinguishing high-octane gasoline at different time intervals. The experimental installation will allow obtaining new data on choosing intensity and methods of foam discharge for modern mixed gasolines. Conclusions. The carried-out work showed the relevance of conducted research work aimed at assessing the value of foam discharge critical intensity applying various methods depending on the initial heating temperature of high-octane gasoline in the tank. To determine the target value, the experimental stand and the corresponding test procedure have been developed, the results of which will be given in further publications.
目的。研究中对规范高辛烷值汽油灭火泡沫供给强度的规范性文件进行了分析。描述了通过各种方法确定泡沫供应临界强度的开发技术,这取决于高辛烷值汽油的初始加热,以及允许实施组合泡沫排放方法的实验装置,其中泡沫同时排放到可燃液体的表面和层下。方法。对石油化工行业消防规范性文件进行了分析。研究是在按照适当的试验方法研制的实验装置上进行的。发现。通过对规范性文件的分析,发现高辛烷值汽油泡沫排放强度的选择标准存在差异。决定根据高辛烷值汽油罐内自由火发展时间的不同,确定适用泡沫放电强度标准值增加因子的可能性。实验装置基于GOST R 50588的标准化安装,并对可能的泡沫排放进行了现代化的组合方式。对燃料进行预热,以确定加热温度对泡沫利用率的影响。采用流量为1.8 ~ 2.2 g/s的模型泡沫发生器和不同直径的平底锅来改变泡沫放电强度。研究应用领域。该技术将用于获取数据,以确定在不同时间间隔内扑灭高辛烷值汽油的最有效方法。该实验装置将为现代混合汽油选择泡沫排放强度和方法提供新的数据。结论。所开展的工作表明,根据罐内高辛烷值汽油的初始加热温度,应用各种方法评估泡沫放电临界强度值的研究工作具有相关性。为了确定目标值,已经开发了实验台和相应的测试程序,其结果将在进一步的出版物中给出。
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引用次数: 0
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Fire and Emergencies: prevention, elimination
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