Pub Date : 2024-01-24DOI: 10.3329/cbmj.v13i1.71051
Irin Farhana, Sayed Zoherul Alam, Md Nurul Islam Raisul, Zahirul Islam
A cross-sectional, observational study was carried out the Department of Radiology and Imaging, Combined Military Hospital (CMH) at Dhaka Cantonment, Bangladesh, between March and August of 2021. A total of 75 female patients were included presenting with or without axillary swelling referred for ultrasound of breasts and axilla from various surgical and medical departments of the same hospital. B-mode ultrasonography was used as method of choice because of its noninvasiveness and availability in evaluating the axillary lymph nodes. Histopathological diagnosis was considered the gold standard for the diagnosis. The average age was 42.62±8.76 years. In conventional ultrasonography results, 33.3% were benign lymph node, 14.7% were reactive and 52% were metastatic lymph node. Based on the histopathological reports, lymph node involvement was detected in 18(24%) patients with benign, 13(17.3%) patients reactive and 44(58.7%) metastatic. The overall results revealed 79.5% sensitivity, 87.1% specificity, 89.7% PPV and 75% NPV. To summarize, conventional ultrasonography was moderately sensitive with good specificity for diagnosis of axillary lymph node. Further studies with a larger population and intra-operative axillary lymph node are recommended. CBMJ 2024 January: vol. 13 no. 01 P: 3-8
{"title":"Characterization of Axillary Lymph Nodes Using Conventional Ultrasonography Compared with Histopathological Findings","authors":"Irin Farhana, Sayed Zoherul Alam, Md Nurul Islam Raisul, Zahirul Islam","doi":"10.3329/cbmj.v13i1.71051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/cbmj.v13i1.71051","url":null,"abstract":"A cross-sectional, observational study was carried out the Department of Radiology and Imaging, Combined Military Hospital (CMH) at Dhaka Cantonment, Bangladesh, between March and August of 2021. A total of 75 female patients were included presenting with or without axillary swelling referred for ultrasound of breasts and axilla from various surgical and medical departments of the same hospital. B-mode ultrasonography was used as method of choice because of its noninvasiveness and availability in evaluating the axillary lymph nodes. Histopathological diagnosis was considered the gold standard for the diagnosis. The average age was 42.62±8.76 years. In conventional ultrasonography results, 33.3% were benign lymph node, 14.7% were reactive and 52% were metastatic lymph node. Based on the histopathological reports, lymph node involvement was detected in 18(24%) patients with benign, 13(17.3%) patients reactive and 44(58.7%) metastatic. The overall results revealed 79.5% sensitivity, 87.1% specificity, 89.7% PPV and 75% NPV. To summarize, conventional ultrasonography was moderately sensitive with good specificity for diagnosis of axillary lymph node. Further studies with a larger population and intra-operative axillary lymph node are recommended.\u0000CBMJ 2024 January: vol. 13 no. 01 P: 3-8","PeriodicalId":10576,"journal":{"name":"Community Based Medical Journal","volume":"27 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139599239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-24DOI: 10.3329/cbmj.v13i1.71073
Mohammad Hussain Raihan, Farah Hossaini Kabir, Kamrul Hasan Khan, Natasha Kajmina, A. R. Hasan, Mohammad Mahbubul Hasan
A prospective, observational study was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology, Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Dhaka, Bangladesh, from April to October of 2019, to observe the outcome and determine the amount of surgically induced astigmatism in phacoemulsification cataract surgery done with clear corneal incision. A total of 60 patients were included in this study. Cataract extraction was done in all the patients by phacoemulsification through clear corneal incision with foldable intraocular lens implantation. All the surgeries were done with INTREPID Micro-Coaxial system using the INFINITI Vision system by the same surgeon under local anaesthesia. The patients were followed up on 1st, 7th, and 30th POD. The parameters recorded were uncorrected visual acuity, best-corrected visual acuity, slit lamp examination, and keratometry. Due to clear corneal incision on steep axis, the steep meridian became flat, from 44.329±1.473D (diopter) (as found in pre-operative keratometry) to 43.971±1.431D (on the 30th post-operative day). On the other hand, the flat meridian became steeper from 43.225±1.471D (pre-operative) to 43.225±1.501D (on the 30th day). At preoperative examination and 30th day follow-up visit, astigmatism was determined as 1.10±0.319 and 0.583±0.413 respectively. The change of astigmatism was statistically significant (P<0.05). CBMJ 2024 January: vol. 13 no. 01 P: 41-45
{"title":"Study on Outcome of Phacoemulsification Cataract Surgery with Clear Corneal Steep Axis Incision","authors":"Mohammad Hussain Raihan, Farah Hossaini Kabir, Kamrul Hasan Khan, Natasha Kajmina, A. R. Hasan, Mohammad Mahbubul Hasan","doi":"10.3329/cbmj.v13i1.71073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/cbmj.v13i1.71073","url":null,"abstract":"A prospective, observational study was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology, Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Dhaka, Bangladesh, from April to October of 2019, to observe the outcome and determine the amount of surgically induced astigmatism in phacoemulsification cataract surgery done with clear corneal incision. A total of 60 patients were included in this study. Cataract extraction was done in all the patients by phacoemulsification through clear corneal incision with foldable intraocular lens implantation. All the surgeries were done with INTREPID Micro-Coaxial system using the INFINITI Vision system by the same surgeon under local anaesthesia. The patients were followed up on 1st, 7th, and 30th POD. The parameters recorded were uncorrected visual acuity, best-corrected visual acuity, slit lamp examination, and keratometry. Due to clear corneal incision on steep axis, the steep meridian became flat, from 44.329±1.473D (diopter) (as found in pre-operative keratometry) to 43.971±1.431D (on the 30th post-operative day). On the other hand, the flat meridian became steeper from 43.225±1.471D (pre-operative) to 43.225±1.501D (on the 30th day). At preoperative examination and 30th day follow-up visit, astigmatism was determined as 1.10±0.319 and 0.583±0.413 respectively. The change of astigmatism was statistically significant (P<0.05). \u0000CBMJ 2024 January: vol. 13 no. 01 P: 41-45","PeriodicalId":10576,"journal":{"name":"Community Based Medical Journal","volume":"66 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139600688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-24DOI: 10.3329/cbmj.v13i1.71066
Irtifa Aziz Oishee, S. Tanira, Tunazzina Shahrin, Syed Shafiq Tamal, Nusrat Jahan, Monira Akhter Moni
A cross-sectional, analytical study was conducted to see the sociodemographic characteristics of elderly people and their association with cognitive performance in an urban setting in Dhaka, Bangladesh, between January and December of 2016. A convenient sampling technique was adopted. A total of 189 elderly people (118 male and 71 female) were included in the study. A semi structured questionnaire was first developed in English and then translated into Bangla. The questionnaire contains questions related to sociodemographic characteristics of the respondents and their cognitive functions, as determined by using Mini Mental state Examination (MMSE). Sociodemographic data were analyzed with descriptive statistics. Pearson correlation test was applied to determine the relationship between quantitative variables, while Chi-square test was done to assess association of qualitative data. The age of the respondents ranged from 60 to 90 years. The mean age was 67.8±6.26 years. Higher proportion of male (37.3%) and female respondents (36.6%) were in 60-64 age group, while the lower proportion was in ≥75 years age group (male 12.7% and female 14.1%). Most of the male respondents were graduate and above education group (64.4%), while most female respondents belonged to SSC and below and informal education group (50.7%) group. The rest of them fell into HSC education group: 11% and 32.4% respectively. Most of the elderlies (57.67%) belonged to the extended family and the rest lived in the nuclear family (42.33%). Among the male respondents, 76.3% were retired. Rest of the respondents was service holder (9.3%), businessman (12.7%) and teacher (1.7%). Female respondents were mostly housewives (97.2%) and two were teachers (2.8%). Among 189 respondents, 35.4% had normal cognitive function. Half of the respondents (52.4%) had mild cognitive impairment and the rest had moderate cognitive impairment (12.2%). None had severe cognitive impairment. Significant relationships of the cognitive performance were observed with age, sex, marital status, educational status, and type of family they lived in. However, no significant association was found between occupation and cognitive performance. CBMJ 2024 January: vol. 13 no. 01 P: 9-16
{"title":"Cognitive Performance of the Elderly People in an Urban Area of Bangladesh: A Sociodemographic Study","authors":"Irtifa Aziz Oishee, S. Tanira, Tunazzina Shahrin, Syed Shafiq Tamal, Nusrat Jahan, Monira Akhter Moni","doi":"10.3329/cbmj.v13i1.71066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/cbmj.v13i1.71066","url":null,"abstract":"A cross-sectional, analytical study was conducted to see the sociodemographic characteristics of elderly people and their association with cognitive performance in an urban setting in Dhaka, Bangladesh, between January and December of 2016. A convenient sampling technique was adopted. A total of 189 elderly people (118 male and 71 female) were included in the study. A semi structured questionnaire was first developed in English and then translated into Bangla. The questionnaire contains questions related to sociodemographic characteristics of the respondents and their cognitive functions, as determined by using Mini Mental state Examination (MMSE). Sociodemographic data were analyzed with descriptive statistics. Pearson correlation test was applied to determine the relationship between quantitative variables, while Chi-square test was done to assess association of qualitative data. The age of the respondents ranged from 60 to 90 years. The mean age was 67.8±6.26 years. Higher proportion of male (37.3%) and female respondents (36.6%) were in 60-64 age group, while the lower proportion was in ≥75 years age group (male 12.7% and female 14.1%). Most of the male respondents were graduate and above education group (64.4%), while most female respondents belonged to SSC and below and informal education group (50.7%) group. The rest of them fell into HSC education group: 11% and 32.4% respectively. Most of the elderlies (57.67%) belonged to the extended family and the rest lived in the nuclear family (42.33%). Among the male respondents, 76.3% were retired. Rest of the respondents was service holder (9.3%), businessman (12.7%) and teacher (1.7%). Female respondents were mostly housewives (97.2%) and two were teachers (2.8%). Among 189 respondents, 35.4% had normal cognitive function. Half of the respondents (52.4%) had mild cognitive impairment and the rest had moderate cognitive impairment (12.2%). None had severe cognitive impairment. Significant relationships of the cognitive performance were observed with age, sex, marital status, educational status, and type of family they lived in. However, no significant association was found between occupation and cognitive performance. \u0000CBMJ 2024 January: vol. 13 no. 01 P: 9-16","PeriodicalId":10576,"journal":{"name":"Community Based Medical Journal","volume":"39 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139599714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-24DOI: 10.3329/cbmj.v13i1.71087
Suttam Kumar Biswas, Shilpi Rani Roy, Arup Roton Paul
A cross-sectional, descriptive study was carried out in the Department of Surgery, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh, between October 2014 and September 2015, to determine the microbiological profile and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of organisms isolated from diabetic foot ulcer. A total of 130 patients of diabetic foot ulcer were included in the study according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Samples of pus were collected from those patients and sent for culture and sensitivity tests. Out of 130 cases, the highest number of patients 55(42.4%) were in 50-59 years age group. The mean age was 60.1±9.8 years. Most of the patients (70%) were male. 90(69.2%) samples yielded growth, while 40(30.8%) did not show any bacterial growth. Out of those 90 samples with growths, 112 bacteria were isolated. Of them, 59(52.7%) organisms were gram-positive, while 28(25%) were gram-negative and 25(22.3%) organisms were both gram-positive and gram-negative. Out of 59 gram-positive isolates, 35(59.3%) were S. aureus, 18(30.5%) were Enterococci, and 6(10.2%) were Streptococci. In 28 gram-negative isolates, 15(53.7%) were E. coli, 6(21.4%) were Pseudomonas, 4(14.2%) were klebsiella, and 3(10.7%) were proteus. Regarding antibiotic sensitivity, all gram-positive bacteria (100%) were sensitive to vancomycin. S. aureus was 80% sensitive to ceftriaxone, 71.4% to flucloxacillin, 65.7% to clavulanic acid, 54.2% to ampicillin, 48.5% to amoxicillin, and 28.5% to cotrimoxazole. Enterococci spp. was 61.1% sensitive to ceftriaxone, 33.3% to clavulanic acid, (27.7%) to ampicillin, and 16.6% to both amoxicillin and cotrimoxazole. Streptococcus spp. showed 83.3% sensitivity to ceftriaxone, 66.6% to flucloxacillin, 33.3% to clavulanic acid, and 16.6% to cotrimoxazole. Among gram-negative bacteria, E. coli was found to be sensitive to imipenem (100%), ceftriaxone (86%), amikacin (100%), cefuroxime (73.3%), ampicillin (33.3%), ciprofloxacin (60%), and gentamycin (60%). Pseudomonas was found to be sensitive to imipenem (50%), ceftriaxone (66.6%), amikacin (83.3%), and cefuroxime (66.6%). Klebsiella was found to be sensitive to imipenem (100%), ceftriaxone (75%), amikacin (75%), cefuroxime (50%), and ciprofloxacin (25%). Proteus was found to be sensitive to imipenem (100%), ceftriaxone (66.6%), amikacin (66.6%), cefuroxime (33.3%), ciprofloxacin (66.6%), and gentamycin (66.6%). CBMJ 2024 January: vol. 13 no. 01 P: 89-94
{"title":"Bacterial Isolates from Diabetic Foot Ulcer with Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern","authors":"Suttam Kumar Biswas, Shilpi Rani Roy, Arup Roton Paul","doi":"10.3329/cbmj.v13i1.71087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/cbmj.v13i1.71087","url":null,"abstract":"A cross-sectional, descriptive study was carried out in the Department of Surgery, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh, between October 2014 and September 2015, to determine the microbiological profile and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of organisms isolated from diabetic foot ulcer. A total of 130 patients of diabetic foot ulcer were included in the study according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Samples of pus were collected from those patients and sent for culture and sensitivity tests. Out of 130 cases, the highest number of patients 55(42.4%) were in 50-59 years age group. The mean age was 60.1±9.8 years. Most of the patients (70%) were male. 90(69.2%) samples yielded growth, while 40(30.8%) did not show any bacterial growth. Out of those 90 samples with growths, 112 bacteria were isolated. Of them, 59(52.7%) organisms were gram-positive, while 28(25%) were gram-negative and 25(22.3%) organisms were both gram-positive and gram-negative. Out of 59 gram-positive isolates, 35(59.3%) were S. aureus, 18(30.5%) were Enterococci, and 6(10.2%) were Streptococci. In 28 gram-negative isolates, 15(53.7%) were E. coli, 6(21.4%) were Pseudomonas, 4(14.2%) were klebsiella, and 3(10.7%) were proteus. Regarding antibiotic sensitivity, all gram-positive bacteria (100%) were sensitive to vancomycin. S. aureus was 80% sensitive to ceftriaxone, 71.4% to flucloxacillin, 65.7% to clavulanic acid, 54.2% to ampicillin, 48.5% to amoxicillin, and 28.5% to cotrimoxazole. Enterococci spp. was 61.1% sensitive to ceftriaxone, 33.3% to clavulanic acid, (27.7%) to ampicillin, and 16.6% to both amoxicillin and cotrimoxazole. Streptococcus spp. showed 83.3% sensitivity to ceftriaxone, 66.6% to flucloxacillin, 33.3% to clavulanic acid, and 16.6% to cotrimoxazole. Among gram-negative bacteria, E. coli was found to be sensitive to imipenem (100%), ceftriaxone (86%), amikacin (100%), cefuroxime (73.3%), ampicillin (33.3%), ciprofloxacin (60%), and gentamycin (60%). Pseudomonas was found to be sensitive to imipenem (50%), ceftriaxone (66.6%), amikacin (83.3%), and cefuroxime (66.6%). Klebsiella was found to be sensitive to imipenem (100%), ceftriaxone (75%), amikacin (75%), cefuroxime (50%), and ciprofloxacin (25%). Proteus was found to be sensitive to imipenem (100%), ceftriaxone (66.6%), amikacin (66.6%), cefuroxime (33.3%), ciprofloxacin (66.6%), and gentamycin (66.6%). \u0000CBMJ 2024 January: vol. 13 no. 01 P: 89-94","PeriodicalId":10576,"journal":{"name":"Community Based Medical Journal","volume":"67 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139600731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted among 599 mothers who had at least one child aged 0–23-month to determine infant and young child feeding practice (IYCF) in rural areas of Bangladesh. The study was conducted between November 2019 and March 2020 in rural areas of Gazipur district. A pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Out of 599 respondents, the majority (62.93%) were in the 21-30 years age-group. Only 6.67% were illiterate and the rest of the respondents were literate with different levels of education. About one third (33.38%) of the respondents had monthly income between BDT 5001- 15000. 27% of the mothers could not give colostrum to the babies; half of them (50%) mentioned that baby could not suck well, while 43.83% mentioned being advised by the elders (not to give colostrum) and 6.17% mentioned their own illness. Pre-lacteal feeding practice was observed among 27% mothers and common pre-lacteal food was honey (61.25%), sugar water (35.63%) and animal milk (4.32%). Breastfeeding was initiated within the first hour of birth among 73.29% of mothers. 53.26% percent of mothers practice exclusive breastfeeding (EBF). Difficulties faced by mothers for EBF are insufficient secretion of breast milk (46.42%), not having knowledge about EBF (42.51%), and mother’s illness (11.07%). Most of the mothers (81.63%) gave complementary feeding in the correct time (6 months) and predominant complementary food was Khichuri (51.91%); however, most of them (60.77%) gave complementary food ≤3 times in a day. Our data suggests that the practice of IYCF was not optimum among the rural mothers. To improve this condition, it is necessary to motivate mothers through proper health education about the positive impacts of IYCF on child health. CBMJ 2024 January: vol. 13 no. 01 P: 28-34
{"title":"Infant and Young Child Feeding Practice among Mothers in Rural Areas of Gazipur District, Bangladesh","authors":"Md Anwar Hossain, Humaira Nazneen, Saida Sharmin, Ayesha Mahzabin Chowdhury, Atia Afrin","doi":"10.3329/cbmj.v13i1.71070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/cbmj.v13i1.71070","url":null,"abstract":"A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted among 599 mothers who had at least one child aged 0–23-month to determine infant and young child feeding practice (IYCF) in rural areas of Bangladesh. The study was conducted between November 2019 and March 2020 in rural areas of Gazipur district. A pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Out of 599 respondents, the majority (62.93%) were in the 21-30 years age-group. Only 6.67% were illiterate and the rest of the respondents were literate with different levels of education. About one third (33.38%) of the respondents had monthly income between BDT 5001- 15000. 27% of the mothers could not give colostrum to the babies; half of them (50%) mentioned that baby could not suck well, while 43.83% mentioned being advised by the elders (not to give colostrum) and 6.17% mentioned their own illness. Pre-lacteal feeding practice was observed among 27% mothers and common pre-lacteal food was honey (61.25%), sugar water (35.63%) and animal milk (4.32%). Breastfeeding was initiated within the first hour of birth among 73.29% of mothers. 53.26% percent of mothers practice exclusive breastfeeding (EBF). Difficulties faced by mothers for EBF are insufficient secretion of breast milk (46.42%), not having knowledge about EBF (42.51%), and mother’s illness (11.07%). Most of the mothers (81.63%) gave complementary feeding in the correct time (6 months) and predominant complementary food was Khichuri (51.91%); however, most of them (60.77%) gave complementary food ≤3 times in a day. Our data suggests that the practice of IYCF was not optimum among the rural mothers. To improve this condition, it is necessary to motivate mothers through proper health education about the positive impacts of IYCF on child health.\u0000CBMJ 2024 January: vol. 13 no. 01 P: 28-34","PeriodicalId":10576,"journal":{"name":"Community Based Medical Journal","volume":"61 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139601276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-24DOI: 10.3329/cbmj.v13i1.71097
A. S. M. Nurunnabi, Mahmud Hasan, A. R. Quddush, Shahanaz Jahan, Amir Mohammad Kaiser, Tanzina Afrose, Shamima Parveen
Community based medical education has several definitions, but the core definition refers to learning that takes place is need based and in a community setting. Hence, community based medical education refers to medical education in which trainees learn and acquire professional competencies in a community setting based on the need of the community. This concept encourages medical colleges to produce not just highly competent professionals, but professionals who are equipped to respond to the changing challenges of healthcare through re-orientation of their education, research, and service commitments, and be capable of demonstrating a positive effect upon the communities they serve. Such social accountability of a healthcare cum academic institution demonstrates an impact on the communities served and thus, contribute to achieve a just and efficient healthcare service through mutually beneficial partnerships with other stakeholders. Community based medical education can make a difference in the country’s health sector by supporting a community based healthcare delivery system within the concept of National Health Policy and thus, contribute to the overall national efforts in achieving meaningful, self-sustaining quality of life and environment. Besides, it helps bring about change in current educational trait by imposing need-based, flexible academic strategies specific to the rural community and quality of the medical doctors by grooming them as empathetically responsive and active towards patients, professionally competent and ethically sound persons of the society. CBMJ 2024 January: vol. 13 no. 01 P: 119-129
{"title":"Community Based Medical Education: What, Why and How?","authors":"A. S. M. Nurunnabi, Mahmud Hasan, A. R. Quddush, Shahanaz Jahan, Amir Mohammad Kaiser, Tanzina Afrose, Shamima Parveen","doi":"10.3329/cbmj.v13i1.71097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/cbmj.v13i1.71097","url":null,"abstract":"Community based medical education has several definitions, but the core definition refers to learning that takes place is need based and in a community setting. Hence, community based medical education refers to medical education in which trainees learn and acquire professional competencies in a community setting based on the need of the community. This concept encourages medical colleges to produce not just highly competent professionals, but professionals who are equipped to respond to the changing challenges of healthcare through re-orientation of their education, research, and service commitments, and be capable of demonstrating a positive effect upon the communities they serve. Such social accountability of a healthcare cum academic institution demonstrates an impact on the communities served and thus, contribute to achieve a just and efficient healthcare service through mutually beneficial partnerships with other stakeholders. Community based medical education can make a difference in the country’s health sector by supporting a community based healthcare delivery system within the concept of National Health Policy and thus, contribute to the overall national efforts in achieving meaningful, self-sustaining quality of life and environment. Besides, it helps bring about change in current educational trait by imposing need-based, flexible academic strategies specific to the rural community and quality of the medical doctors by grooming them as empathetically responsive and active towards patients, professionally competent and ethically sound persons of the society. \u0000CBMJ 2024 January: vol. 13 no. 01 P: 119-129","PeriodicalId":10576,"journal":{"name":"Community Based Medical Journal","volume":"14 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139600092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-24DOI: 10.3329/cbmj.v13i1.71085
Mohammad Sazzad Hossain, S. R. Faruquee, A. Jahangir, Md Zakaria Bin Hamid, Md Abdus Salam, Md Raihanul Hoque, Mohammad Mahabubuzzaman
A prospective, observational study was conducted in National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedic Rehabilitation (NITOR), Dhaka, Bangladesh, between September 2019 and March 2021, to observe the functional outcome of primary repair of long flexors of finger at zone V with early mobilization. Our study included 51 patients, who had follow-up visits up to 12 months after operation. Tendon functionality was assessed by Buck-Gramcko score, while grip strength was assessed by modified sphygmomanometer. The mean age was 30.08±13.38 years. Middle and index fingers were most involved with both flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) and flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) injury. In this study, most of the patients had excellent or good outcomes. The average return to work time was 32.82 weeks. 9.8% of the patients developed post-operative complications like infections, adhesion, and rupture. Most of the patients obtained good to excellent results (90%), while 3.92% had fair and only 2% had poor outcome. Early motion of the fingers seems to improve outcome in these patients. However, worse outcomes were seen in patients with a greater number of damaged structures, especially in concomitant nerve injury. CBMJ 2024 January: vol. 13 no. 01 P: 83-88
{"title":"Functional Outcome of Primary Repair of Long Flexors of Finger at Zone V with Early Mobilization","authors":"Mohammad Sazzad Hossain, S. R. Faruquee, A. Jahangir, Md Zakaria Bin Hamid, Md Abdus Salam, Md Raihanul Hoque, Mohammad Mahabubuzzaman","doi":"10.3329/cbmj.v13i1.71085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/cbmj.v13i1.71085","url":null,"abstract":"A prospective, observational study was conducted in National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedic Rehabilitation (NITOR), Dhaka, Bangladesh, between September 2019 and March 2021, to observe the functional outcome of primary repair of long flexors of finger at zone V with early mobilization. Our study included 51 patients, who had follow-up visits up to 12 months after operation. Tendon functionality was assessed by Buck-Gramcko score, while grip strength was assessed by modified sphygmomanometer. The mean age was 30.08±13.38 years. Middle and index fingers were most involved with both flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) and flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) injury. In this study, most of the patients had excellent or good outcomes. The average return to work time was 32.82 weeks. 9.8% of the patients developed post-operative complications like infections, adhesion, and rupture. Most of the patients obtained good to excellent results (90%), while 3.92% had fair and only 2% had poor outcome. Early motion of the fingers seems to improve outcome in these patients. However, worse outcomes were seen in patients with a greater number of damaged structures, especially in concomitant nerve injury. \u0000CBMJ 2024 January: vol. 13 no. 01 P: 83-88","PeriodicalId":10576,"journal":{"name":"Community Based Medical Journal","volume":"53 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139600754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-24DOI: 10.3329/cbmj.v13i1.71067
Mohammad Nurul Alam, Md Aliuzzaman, Md Khairul Islam, Mehedhi Hasan Shourov
Hypertension is a major risk factor for several cardiovascular diseases (CVD). A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and its risk factors among the government civil employees of Bangladesh Armed Forces reported to BNS Patenga (Navy Hospital), Chattogram, Bangladesh, between January and June 2023. The study involved participants aged 25-60 years who are government civil employees working in Bangladesh Armed Forces in Chattogram area. This study was done using multi-stage random sampling. Data on age, gender, smoking habits, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, physical activity, diet, extra salt use, family history of hypertension, cardiovascular disease and cerebrovascular disease, anthropometric measurements and blood pressure were collected using modified WHO-STEPS protocol. Hypertension was defined according to JNC-8 guidelines. Multiple logistic regressions models were used to identify risk factors associated with hypertension. Data were collected with semi-structured questionnaire and checklist by face-to-face interview and reviewing medical records respectively. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 19.0. A total of 150 participated (128 male and 22 female). Among the study population, 17% had hyperlipidemia, 32% consume high caloric diet, 15% were overweight, 20% had smoking habit, 17% were working in stressful environment, 57% were sedentary worker, 19% having family history of hypertension. The overall age-adjusted prevalence hypertension among 150 participants was 27%, which was higher among males compared to females (25% in contrast to 2%). Bivariate analysis showed significant relationship of hypertension with age, BMI, no physical activity, tobacco use, extra salt intake, dyslipidaemia, stressful life, high calorie diet, diabetes, and family history of stroke/cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia. In the multivariate model, factors significantly associated with hypertension were older age (33%), smoking (26%), extra salt intake (35%), and high waist circumference (36%). The prevalence of hypertension was high among our study participants. Population-based intervention programs and policies for increased awareness about the risk factors, and life-style modification are essential for prevention of hypertension. CBMJ 2024 January: vol. 13 no. 01 P: 17-21
{"title":"Prevalence and Association of Hypertension among the Government Civil Employees of Bangladesh Armed Forces Attending BNS Patenga (Navy Hospital), Chattogram","authors":"Mohammad Nurul Alam, Md Aliuzzaman, Md Khairul Islam, Mehedhi Hasan Shourov","doi":"10.3329/cbmj.v13i1.71067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/cbmj.v13i1.71067","url":null,"abstract":"Hypertension is a major risk factor for several cardiovascular diseases (CVD). A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and its risk factors among the government civil employees of Bangladesh Armed Forces reported to BNS Patenga (Navy Hospital), Chattogram, Bangladesh, between January and June 2023. The study involved participants aged 25-60 years who are government civil employees working in Bangladesh Armed Forces in Chattogram area. This study was done using multi-stage random sampling. Data on age, gender, smoking habits, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, physical activity, diet, extra salt use, family history of hypertension, cardiovascular disease and cerebrovascular disease, anthropometric measurements and blood pressure were collected using modified WHO-STEPS protocol. Hypertension was defined according to JNC-8 guidelines. Multiple logistic regressions models were used to identify risk factors associated with hypertension. Data were collected with semi-structured questionnaire and checklist by face-to-face interview and reviewing medical records respectively. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 19.0. A total of 150 participated (128 male and 22 female). Among the study population, 17% had hyperlipidemia, 32% consume high caloric diet, 15% were overweight, 20% had smoking habit, 17% were working in stressful environment, 57% were sedentary worker, 19% having family history of hypertension. The overall age-adjusted prevalence hypertension among 150 participants was 27%, which was higher among males compared to females (25% in contrast to 2%). Bivariate analysis showed significant relationship of hypertension with age, BMI, no physical activity, tobacco use, extra salt intake, dyslipidaemia, stressful life, high calorie diet, diabetes, and family history of stroke/cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia. In the multivariate model, factors significantly associated with hypertension were older age (33%), smoking (26%), extra salt intake (35%), and high waist circumference (36%). The prevalence of hypertension was high among our study participants. Population-based intervention programs and policies for increased awareness about the risk factors, and life-style modification are essential for prevention of hypertension. \u0000CBMJ 2024 January: vol. 13 no. 01 P: 17-21","PeriodicalId":10576,"journal":{"name":"Community Based Medical Journal","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139601797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-24DOI: 10.3329/cbmj.v13i1.71082
Md Serajul Islam, Mir Moyeedul Islam, Nazia Nazneen, Tamrin Zaman
A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted to assess the level of social awareness and use of face mask in association with the COVID-19 pandemic among the medical students of Ad-din Sakina Women’s Medical College, Jashore, Bangladesh, between January and February of 2022. The study was carried out in the Department of Community Medicine. A total of 354 students of the same medical college participated in the survey. Data was collected by structured questionnaire and data processing and statistical analysis were done by using SPSS version 25.0. The age of the respondents was between 18 and 26 years. The mean age was 21.73 years. 82.8% of respondents were Muslims and 15.3% were Hindu. The average monthly family income of respondents was about 53,000 BDT. 83% of the respondents used face masks for the protection against COVID-19. 70.3% of the respondents relied more on the surgical type of mask. According to the survey the main mode of transmission of virus was found to be through respiratory droplets by 87.3% of the respondents. However, 13% failed to recognize droplet inhalation as a source of transmission. 92.1% of the respondents believed that the route of transmission includes eyes, nose, and mouth. Among the respondents 96% sanitize hand and face properly and 87.3% maintain social distance. It was found out that 7.1 percent of the respondents were affected by COVID-19 and 100% respondents were vaccinated against COVID-19. These findings clearly showed a satisfactory level of awareness and attitudes among the medical students towards COVID-19. Promoting the use of facemasks and educating the public about mask-wearing as an effective tool in disease prevention may also help to increase the public’s perceived benefits, which may then also contribute to increasing mask-wearing compliance. Facemasks play a pivotal role in the prevention and control of infectious respiratory disease transmission. CBMJ 2024 January: vol. 13 no. 01 P: 71-76
{"title":"Social Awareness and Use of Face Masks among Medical Students in Association with the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Md Serajul Islam, Mir Moyeedul Islam, Nazia Nazneen, Tamrin Zaman","doi":"10.3329/cbmj.v13i1.71082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/cbmj.v13i1.71082","url":null,"abstract":"A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted to assess the level of social awareness and use of face mask in association with the COVID-19 pandemic among the medical students of Ad-din Sakina Women’s Medical College, Jashore, Bangladesh, between January and February of 2022. The study was carried out in the Department of Community Medicine. A total of 354 students of the same medical college participated in the survey. Data was collected by structured questionnaire and data processing and statistical analysis were done by using SPSS version 25.0. The age of the respondents was between 18 and 26 years. The mean age was 21.73 years. 82.8% of respondents were Muslims and 15.3% were Hindu. The average monthly family income of respondents was about 53,000 BDT. 83% of the respondents used face masks for the protection against COVID-19. 70.3% of the respondents relied more on the surgical type of mask. According to the survey the main mode of transmission of virus was found to be through respiratory droplets by 87.3% of the respondents. However, 13% failed to recognize droplet inhalation as a source of transmission. 92.1% of the respondents believed that the route of transmission includes eyes, nose, and mouth. Among the respondents 96% sanitize hand and face properly and 87.3% maintain social distance. It was found out that 7.1 percent of the respondents were affected by COVID-19 and 100% respondents were vaccinated against COVID-19. These findings clearly showed a satisfactory level of awareness and attitudes among the medical students towards COVID-19. Promoting the use of facemasks and educating the public about mask-wearing as an effective tool in disease prevention may also help to increase the public’s perceived benefits, which may then also contribute to increasing mask-wearing compliance. Facemasks play a pivotal role in the prevention and control of infectious respiratory disease transmission.\u0000CBMJ 2024 January: vol. 13 no. 01 P: 71-76 ","PeriodicalId":10576,"journal":{"name":"Community Based Medical Journal","volume":"2 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139602469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-24DOI: 10.3329/cbmj.v13i1.71083
M. Roy, Md. Golam Robbani, Rahnuma Karim, Nasrin Hasan
A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted to determine the effects of beta thalassemia trait in pregnancy. A total of 150 pregnant women diagnosed with beta thalassemia trait in Bangladesh Navy Ship (BNS) Patenga Hospital, at Chattogram, Bangladesh, having regular antenatal care and delivery, between January and December of 2022, were included in the study. Thalassemia status was diagnosed by Hb-electrophoresis. Most of the patients belonged to the age group 19-35 years. 30.46% of women had normal hematocrit level. During pregnancy women suffered from severe anemia (14%) and mild anemia (55.33%) (P<0.001). Blood transfusion needed during 1st trimester (1.3%), 2nd trimester (4.6%), 3rd trimester (8%) and at postpartum period (9.3%) (P>0.05). Most of the women (76.66%) delivered babies at her 36-39 weeks of gestational age,18.67% delivered at or after 40 weeks of gestation and 4.67% delivered baby before 36 weeks (P<0.05). 66.67% had normal vaginal delivery, while 33.33% underwent Caesarean section operation due to several complications. Observed obstetric complications were: pregnancy induced hypertension (6.6%), gestational diabetes (4%), oligohydramnios (11.33%, premature rupture membrane (3.3%), preterm labor (8.66%), and placental abruption (1.33%). Adverse fetal outcomes observed were: prematurity (4.6%), intrauterine growth retardation (5.33%), still birth (0.6%), and fetal asphyxia (3.33%). Neonatal admission at NICU was needed in 2(1.33%) cases. CBMJ 2024 January: vol. 13 no. 01 P: 77-82
{"title":"Effect of Beta Thalassemia Trait in Pregnancy","authors":"M. Roy, Md. Golam Robbani, Rahnuma Karim, Nasrin Hasan","doi":"10.3329/cbmj.v13i1.71083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/cbmj.v13i1.71083","url":null,"abstract":"A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted to determine the effects of beta thalassemia trait in pregnancy. A total of 150 pregnant women diagnosed with beta thalassemia trait in Bangladesh Navy Ship (BNS) Patenga Hospital, at Chattogram, Bangladesh, having regular antenatal care and delivery, between January and December of 2022, were included in the study. Thalassemia status was diagnosed by Hb-electrophoresis. Most of the patients belonged to the age group 19-35 years. 30.46% of women had normal hematocrit level. During pregnancy women suffered from severe anemia (14%) and mild anemia (55.33%) (P<0.001). Blood transfusion needed during 1st trimester (1.3%), 2nd trimester (4.6%), 3rd trimester (8%) and at postpartum period (9.3%) (P>0.05). Most of the women (76.66%) delivered babies at her 36-39 weeks of gestational age,18.67% delivered at or after 40 weeks of gestation and 4.67% delivered baby before 36 weeks (P<0.05). 66.67% had normal vaginal delivery, while 33.33% underwent Caesarean section operation due to several complications. Observed obstetric complications were: pregnancy induced hypertension (6.6%), gestational diabetes (4%), oligohydramnios (11.33%, premature rupture membrane (3.3%), preterm labor (8.66%), and placental abruption (1.33%). Adverse fetal outcomes observed were: prematurity (4.6%), intrauterine growth retardation (5.33%), still birth (0.6%), and fetal asphyxia (3.33%). Neonatal admission at NICU was needed in 2(1.33%) cases. \u0000CBMJ 2024 January: vol. 13 no. 01 P: 77-82","PeriodicalId":10576,"journal":{"name":"Community Based Medical Journal","volume":"31 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139602062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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