Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.12778/235108618X15452373745866
B. Keohavong, Jun Yeob Lee, J. Lee, Sung-Ki Lee, Gur-Yoo Kim, S. Ohh
Deep sea water (DSW) has emerged as an alternative source of drinking water, it worth to examine whether the DSW exerts any difference in animal responses upon drinking. This study aims to investigate the effect of drinking DSW in broiler chicken. A total of 400 Ross 308 broilers were allocated into 4 treatments with 5 replications (20 birds per pen per a treatment) during a 28-d feeding periods. Control birds were provided with fresh water for drinking. The DSW was diluted with deionized water (W) in the ratio of 1:80 (1DSW:80W), 1:40 (1DSW:40W) and 1:20 (1DSW:20W). The diets for both control and 1DSW:80W groups were supplemented with 0.18% of food-grade salt to satisfy the minimal salt needs. Water and feed were available for ad libitum consumption for all the groups. Total salt intake of birds drinking 1DSW:80W and 1DSW:20W was higher (p<0.05) than 1DSW:40W and control groups. Average daily water intake, water to feed intake ratio, mortality and serum IgG levels were not different (p>0.05) between treatments and control group. However, nutrient utilization of 1DSW:40W group was improved (p<0.05) when compared with the control. The relative weight of thymus and bursa of fabricius in 1DSW:40W and 1DSW:20W groups were greater (p<0.05) than 1DSW:80W and the control. The DSW might be successfully used as drinking water to broiler chickens and its serum IgG is slightly improved at the level of 1DSW:20W. However, a total salt intake equilibration is a pre-requisite for the effective DSW utilization.
{"title":"Effects of Drinking Diluted Deep Sea Water on Growth Performance and Immune Response in Broiler Chickens","authors":"B. Keohavong, Jun Yeob Lee, J. Lee, Sung-Ki Lee, Gur-Yoo Kim, S. Ohh","doi":"10.12778/235108618X15452373745866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12778/235108618X15452373745866","url":null,"abstract":"Deep sea water (DSW) has emerged as an alternative source of drinking water, it worth to examine whether the DSW exerts any difference in animal responses upon drinking. This study aims to investigate the effect of drinking DSW in broiler chicken. A total of 400 Ross 308 broilers were allocated into 4 treatments with 5 replications (20 birds per pen per a treatment) during a 28-d feeding periods. Control birds were provided with fresh water for drinking. The DSW was diluted with deionized water (W) in the ratio of 1:80 (1DSW:80W), 1:40 (1DSW:40W) and 1:20 (1DSW:20W). The diets for both control and 1DSW:80W groups were supplemented with 0.18% of food-grade salt to satisfy the minimal salt needs. Water and feed were available for ad libitum consumption for all the groups. Total salt intake of birds drinking 1DSW:80W and 1DSW:20W was higher (p<0.05) than 1DSW:40W and control groups. Average daily water intake, water to feed intake ratio, mortality and serum IgG levels were not different (p>0.05) between treatments and control group. However, nutrient utilization of 1DSW:40W group was improved (p<0.05) when compared with the control. The relative weight of thymus and bursa of fabricius in 1DSW:40W and 1DSW:20W groups were greater (p<0.05) than 1DSW:80W and the control. The DSW might be successfully used as drinking water to broiler chickens and its serum IgG is slightly improved at the level of 1DSW:20W. However, a total salt intake equilibration is a pre-requisite for the effective DSW utilization.","PeriodicalId":105811,"journal":{"name":"Econometric Modeling: Agriculture","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126373796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Using daily data of oil prices and exchange rates of 14 countries for the period January 1999 to November 2014, this study examines the dynamic correlation between oil prices and exchange rates by DCC-GARCH model. The results show the significant negative correlation between oil prices and exchange rates over the period. These results imply that the increase of oil price is coinciding with US dollar depreciation and vice versa. This correlation strengthens in negative direction during financial crisis period, while it shifts to an upward trend after financial crisis period.
{"title":"The Dynamic Relationship between Oil Prices and Exchange Rates","authors":"Hamid Sakaki","doi":"10.18686/FM.V2I2.909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18686/FM.V2I2.909","url":null,"abstract":"Using daily data of oil prices and exchange rates of 14 countries for the period January 1999 to November 2014, this study examines the dynamic correlation between oil prices and exchange rates by DCC-GARCH model. The results show the significant negative correlation between oil prices and exchange rates over the period. These results imply that the increase of oil price is coinciding with US dollar depreciation and vice versa. This correlation strengthens in negative direction during financial crisis period, while it shifts to an upward trend after financial crisis period.","PeriodicalId":105811,"journal":{"name":"Econometric Modeling: Agriculture","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122142277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-16DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780198821885.003.0005
Emiko Fukase, W. Martin
Sub-Saharan African exports of horticultural and processed agricultural products are growing in line with the major shift towards these products in world markets. Continued growth in these exports may be vitally important for expanding returns from African agriculture and for increasing its overall exports. Policy reforms such as reductions in the tariff escalation facing Africa, improvements in the productivity of agricultural processing, and reductions in trade barriers within Africa and beyond would all further stimulate exports of processed agriculture. While essential, expansion of these exports should be regarded as complements to—rather than substitutes for—development of other dynamic export sectors.
{"title":"Agro-Processing and Horticultural Exports from Africa","authors":"Emiko Fukase, W. Martin","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780198821885.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780198821885.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"Sub-Saharan African exports of horticultural and processed agricultural products are growing in line with the major shift towards these products in world markets. Continued growth in these exports may be vitally important for expanding returns from African agriculture and for increasing its overall exports. Policy reforms such as reductions in the tariff escalation facing Africa, improvements in the productivity of agricultural processing, and reductions in trade barriers within Africa and beyond would all further stimulate exports of processed agriculture. While essential, expansion of these exports should be regarded as complements to—rather than substitutes for—development of other dynamic export sectors.","PeriodicalId":105811,"journal":{"name":"Econometric Modeling: Agriculture","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126823148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Traditional approaches to structural vector autoregressions (VARs) can be viewed as special cases of Bayesian inference arising from very strong prior beliefs. These methods can be generalized with a less restrictive formulation that incorporates uncertainty about the identifying assumptions themselves. We use this approach to revisit the importance of shocks to oil supply and demand. Supply disruptions turn out to be a bigger factor in historical oil price movements and inventory accumulation a smaller factor than implied by earlier estimates. Supply shocks lead to a reduction in global economic activity after a significant lag, whereas shocks to oil demand do not. (JEL C32, L71, Q35, Q43)
{"title":"Structural Interpretation of Vector Autoregressions with Incomplete Identification: Revisiting the Role of Oil Supply and Demand Shocks","authors":"C. Baumeister, James D. Hamilton","doi":"10.1257/AER.20151569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/AER.20151569","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional approaches to structural vector autoregressions (VARs) can be viewed as special cases of Bayesian inference arising from very strong prior beliefs. These methods can be generalized with a less restrictive formulation that incorporates uncertainty about the identifying assumptions themselves. We use this approach to revisit the importance of shocks to oil supply and demand. Supply disruptions turn out to be a bigger factor in historical oil price movements and inventory accumulation a smaller factor than implied by earlier estimates. Supply shocks lead to a reduction in global economic activity after a significant lag, whereas shocks to oil demand do not. (JEL C32, L71, Q35, Q43)","PeriodicalId":105811,"journal":{"name":"Econometric Modeling: Agriculture","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127365994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tradable Green Certificates for Renewable Support: The Role of Expectations and Uncertainty","authors":"Magne Hustveit, Jens Sveen Frogner, Stein-Erik Fleten","doi":"10.1016/J.ENERGY.2017.11.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENERGY.2017.11.013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":105811,"journal":{"name":"Econometric Modeling: Agriculture","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124613667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The paper investigates potential synergies and trade-offs between emission reduction policies and sustainable development objectives. Specifically, it provides an ex-ante assessment that the impacts of the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), submitted under the Paris Agreement, will have on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of poverty eradication (SDG1) and reduced income inequality (SDG10). Through this research we aim at answering the following questions: does mitigation policy always imply a trade-off with development objectives? If this is the case, what is the magnitude of the effect of the new international climate architecture on poverty and inequality? By combining an empirical analysis with a modelling exercise, the paper estimates the future trends of poverty prevalence and inequality across countries in a reference scenario and under a climate mitigation policy with alternative revenue recycling schemes. Our study finds that a full implementation of the emission reduction contributions, stated in the NDCs, is projected to slow down the effort to reduce poverty by 2030 (+4.2% of the population below the poverty line compared to the baseline scenario), especially in countries that have proposed relatively more stringent mitigation targets and suffer higher policy costs. Conversely, the impact of climate policy on inequality shows opposite sign but remains very limited. If financial support for mitigation action in developing countries is provided through an international climate fund, the prevalence of poverty will be slightly reduced at the aggregate level, but the country-specific effect depends on the relative size of funds flowing to beneficiary countries and on their economic structure. The output of our analysis contributes to the emerging literature on the linkages between climate change policy and sustainable development, although we capture only partially the complex system of interrelations and feedbacks proper of the SDGs. Moreover, due to its policy relevance, it further enriches the debate on the implementation of the Paris Agreement and its climate finance tools.
{"title":"Can the Paris Deal Boost SDGs Achievement? An Assessment of Climate Mitigation Co-Benefits or Side-Effects on Poverty and Inequality","authors":"L. Campagnolo, M. Davide","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3038713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3038713","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper investigates potential synergies and trade-offs between emission reduction policies and sustainable development objectives. Specifically, it provides an ex-ante assessment that the impacts of the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), submitted under the Paris Agreement, will have on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of poverty eradication (SDG1) and reduced income inequality (SDG10). Through this research we aim at answering the following questions: does mitigation policy always imply a trade-off with development objectives? If this is the case, what is the magnitude of the effect of the new international climate architecture on poverty and inequality? By combining an empirical analysis with a modelling exercise, the paper estimates the future trends of poverty prevalence and inequality across countries in a reference scenario and under a climate mitigation policy with alternative revenue recycling schemes. Our study finds that a full implementation of the emission reduction contributions, stated in the NDCs, is projected to slow down the effort to reduce poverty by 2030 (+4.2% of the population below the poverty line compared to the baseline scenario), especially in countries that have proposed relatively more stringent mitigation targets and suffer higher policy costs. Conversely, the impact of climate policy on inequality shows opposite sign but remains very limited. If financial support for mitigation action in developing countries is provided through an international climate fund, the prevalence of poverty will be slightly reduced at the aggregate level, but the country-specific effect depends on the relative size of funds flowing to beneficiary countries and on their economic structure. The output of our analysis contributes to the emerging literature on the linkages between climate change policy and sustainable development, although we capture only partially the complex system of interrelations and feedbacks proper of the SDGs. Moreover, due to its policy relevance, it further enriches the debate on the implementation of the Paris Agreement and its climate finance tools.","PeriodicalId":105811,"journal":{"name":"Econometric Modeling: Agriculture","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121073229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper assesses the structural, joint implications of climate and land-use change on agriculture in the European Union, by means of a computable general equilibrium model of the world economy. The counterfactual simulations are conducted at the year 2050 under the second Shared Socioeconomic Pathway. We find that climate and land-use change are likely to affect agricultural systems very differently across Europe. Northern countries are expected to benefit from climate change impacts, whereas other areas in Europe will suffer negative consequences in terms of reduced agricultural output, real income and welfare. The most vulnerable region is not made of Mediterranean countries, but rather Central Europe. Our results suggest that climate and land-use changes may exacerbate existing disparities within the EU. Therefore, appropriate adaptation strategies and a more flexible land-use are required to limit these negative consequences and possibly exploit the beneficial effects of climate change in some countries.
{"title":"To What Extent Will Climate and Land-Use Change Affect EU-28 Agriculture? A Computable General Equilibrium Analysis","authors":"M. Sartori, D. Geneletti, S. Schiavo, R. Scolozzi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3038311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3038311","url":null,"abstract":"This paper assesses the structural, joint implications of climate and land-use change on agriculture in the European Union, by means of a computable general equilibrium model of the world economy. The counterfactual simulations are conducted at the year 2050 under the second Shared Socioeconomic Pathway. We find that climate and land-use change are likely to affect agricultural systems very differently across Europe. Northern countries are expected to benefit from climate change impacts, whereas other areas in Europe will suffer negative consequences in terms of reduced agricultural output, real income and welfare. The most vulnerable region is not made of Mediterranean countries, but rather Central Europe. Our results suggest that climate and land-use changes may exacerbate existing disparities within the EU. Therefore, appropriate adaptation strategies and a more flexible land-use are required to limit these negative consequences and possibly exploit the beneficial effects of climate change in some countries.","PeriodicalId":105811,"journal":{"name":"Econometric Modeling: Agriculture","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115581934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this paper is to deal with the optimal choice between extraction and storage of crude oil during time under a large panel of constraints for a fixed maturity T. We consider a manager that owns an oil field from which he can extract oil and decide to sell or to store it. This operational strategy has to be done in continuous time and has to satisfy physical, operational and financial constraints such as: storage capacity, crude oil spot price volatility, amount quantity available for possible extraction or the maximum amount which could be invested at time t for the extraction choice. We solve the optimisation problem of the manager's profit under this large panel of constraints and provide an optimal strategy. We then deal with different numerical scenario cases to check the robustness and the corresponding optimal strategies given by our model.
{"title":"Optimal Management of an Oil Exploitation","authors":"Stéphane Goutte, Idris Kharroubi, T. Lim","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3034485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3034485","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to deal with the optimal choice between extraction and storage of crude oil during time under a large panel of constraints for a fixed maturity T. We consider a manager that owns an oil field from which he can extract oil and decide to sell or to store it. This operational strategy has to be done in continuous time and has to satisfy physical, operational and financial constraints such as: storage capacity, crude oil spot price volatility, amount quantity available for possible extraction or the maximum amount which could be invested at time t for the extraction choice. We solve the optimisation problem of the manager's profit under this large panel of constraints and provide an optimal strategy. We then deal with different numerical scenario cases to check the robustness and the corresponding optimal strategies given by our model.","PeriodicalId":105811,"journal":{"name":"Econometric Modeling: Agriculture","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128398333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A survey of private forest owners on adoption of the Natura 2000 charter has been designed to allow respondents to state motives for non-adoption. These motives fall into five main categories: Economic, Compatibility with own practices, Control over one's property, Information and " no motive ". Using a mixed logit model, we can show that owners of properties at least in part in N2000, significantly evoke the Control motive more often than the other owners; that is not the case of the other motives. Owners who are convinced their properties have a remarkable feature are significantly less likely to evoke the Control motive. We argue that these findings might be appropriated by environmental managers to induce adoption of the N2000 Charter. Abstract A survey of private forest owners on adoption of the Natura 2000 charter has been designed to allow
{"title":"Why are Private Forest Owners Not Adopting Natura 2000? A Survey of Motivations","authors":"P. Polomé, C. Michel","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.3033857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.3033857","url":null,"abstract":"A survey of private forest owners on adoption of the Natura 2000 charter has been designed to allow respondents to state motives for non-adoption. These motives fall into five main categories: Economic, Compatibility with own practices, Control over one's property, Information and \" no motive \". Using a mixed logit model, we can show that owners of properties at least in part in N2000, significantly evoke the Control motive more often than the other owners; that is not the case of the other motives. Owners who are convinced their properties have a remarkable feature are significantly less likely to evoke the Control motive. We argue that these findings might be appropriated by environmental managers to induce adoption of the N2000 Charter. Abstract A survey of private forest owners on adoption of the Natura 2000 charter has been designed to allow","PeriodicalId":105811,"journal":{"name":"Econometric Modeling: Agriculture","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131003578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Using the method of first principles and guided by the unpublished dissertation research of Vipin Gupta (1998) at the Wharton School, we ontologically derive the dynamic conditionality for environmental performance management for a firm. Based on the insights from the dynamic conditionality comprising of seven algebraic relationships, and using a 2015 survey sample of Chinese small and medium enterprises, we empirically investigate and refute Friedman’s doctrine that profit maximization motive constitutes the appropriate heuristic for performance management of corporate social responsibility factors, such as environmental performance or what we term as green programming. We derive and present thirteen additional algebraic relationships to clarify the managerial and scholarly implications of our work.
{"title":"An Ontological Derivation of the Dynamic Conditionality for Environmental Performance Management","authors":"Vipin Gupta, Y. Zhang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3031265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3031265","url":null,"abstract":"Using the method of first principles and guided by the unpublished dissertation research of Vipin Gupta (1998) at the Wharton School, we ontologically derive the dynamic conditionality for environmental performance management for a firm. Based on the insights from the dynamic conditionality comprising of seven algebraic relationships, and using a 2015 survey sample of Chinese small and medium enterprises, we empirically investigate and refute Friedman’s doctrine that profit maximization motive constitutes the appropriate heuristic for performance management of corporate social responsibility factors, such as environmental performance or what we term as green programming. We derive and present thirteen additional algebraic relationships to clarify the managerial and scholarly implications of our work.","PeriodicalId":105811,"journal":{"name":"Econometric Modeling: Agriculture","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123196598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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