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Transcriptomic analysis reveals transcription factors implicated in radon-induced lung carcinogenesis. 转录组分析揭示了与氡诱发肺癌有关的转录因子。
IF 2.2 4区 医学 Q3 TOXICOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-03 eCollection Date: 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae161
Xing Liu, Yuting Peng, Ruobing Chen, Yueyue Zhou, Xihuan Zou, Mingzhu Xia, Xinyi Wu, Meng Yu

Background: Radon, a potent carcinogen, is a significant catalyst for lung cancer development. However, the molecular mechanisms triggering radon-induced lung cancer remain elusive.

Methods: Utilizing a radon exposure concentration of 20,000 Bq/m3 for 20 min/session, malignant transformation was induced in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B).

Results: Radon-exposed cells derived from passage 25 (BEAS-2B-Rn) exhibited enhanced proliferation and increased colony formation. Analysis of differential gene expression (DEG) through transcription factors revealed 663 up-regulated and 894 down-regulated genes in radon-exposed cells. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses revealed significant alterations in the malignant transformation pathway of cells, including those related to cancer and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. A PPI network analysis indicated a significant association of oncogenes, such as CCND1, KIT, and GATA3, with lung cancer among differentially expressed genes. In addition, the stability of the housekeeping gene was determined through RT-qPCR analysis, which also confirmed the results of transcriptome analysis.

Conclusions: The results suggest that transcription factors may play a pivotal role in conferring a survival advantage to radon-exposed cells. This is achieved by malignant transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells into lung carcinogenesis cell phenotypes.

背景:氡是一种强致癌物质,是肺癌发生的重要催化剂。然而,诱发氡诱发肺癌的分子机制仍然难以捉摸:方法:利用 20,000 Bq/m3 的氡照射浓度,20 分钟/次,诱导人支气管上皮细胞(BEAS-2B)发生恶性转化:结果:氡暴露的第 25 期细胞(BEAS-2B-Rn)表现出增殖增强和集落形成增加。通过转录因子分析差异基因表达(DEG)发现,氡暴露细胞中有 663 个基因上调,894 个基因下调。基因本体(GO)和京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)分析显示,细胞的恶性转化途径发生了显著改变,包括与癌症和 PI3K/AKT 信号途径相关的改变。PPI网络分析表明,在差异表达基因中,CCND1、KIT和GATA3等致癌基因与肺癌有显著关联。此外,通过 RT-qPCR 分析确定了看家基因的稳定性,这也证实了转录组分析的结果:结论:研究结果表明,转录因子在赋予暴露于氡的细胞生存优势方面可能起着关键作用。结论:研究结果表明,转录因子在赋予氡暴露细胞生存优势方面可能起着关键作用,而这是通过人类支气管上皮细胞向肺癌细胞表型的恶性转化实现的。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring the potential of selenium nanoparticles and fabricated selenium nanoparticles @vitamin C nanocomposite in mitigating nicotine-induced testicular toxicity in rats. 探索硒纳米颗粒和硒纳米颗粒 @ 维生素 C 纳米复合材料在减轻尼古丁诱导的大鼠睾丸毒性方面的潜力。
IF 2.2 4区 医学 Q3 TOXICOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-30 eCollection Date: 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae154
Rabab F Hindawy, Rana M M Refaat, Atef E Fouda, Mohamed A El-Shishtawy, Adarsh Kumar, Nagi M El-Shafai, Eman M Faruk, Ola E Nafea

Background: The tobacco epidemic signifies a major public health threat. Nicotine (NIC), a major active constituent in tobacco, impedes male fertility and semen quality. This work is implemented to explore the potential of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) and the newly fabricated SeNPs @vitamin C (SeNPs@VITC) nanocomposite in mitigating testicular toxicity induced by NIC.

Materials and methods: The six groups of 48 adult Wistar rats were designed as follows: the control group injected intraperitoneally with normal saline, the SeNPs group treated orally with 2 mg/kg of SeNPs, the SeNPs@VITC nanocomposite group treated orally with 2 mg/kg of SeNPs@VITC nanocomposite, the NIC group injected intraperitoneally with 1.25 mL/kg of NIC, the NIC+ SeNPs group received SeNPs plus NIC, and the NIC+ SeNPs@VITC nanocomposite group received SeNPs@VITC nanocomposite plus NIC. Treatments were administered over a 28-day period.

Results: NIC treatment significantly caused poor sperm quality, decreased serum testosterone, increased follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations, reduced hemoglobin levels, leukocytosis, disrupted testicular oxidant/antioxidant balance, and disorganized testicular structure. The construction of the novel SeNPs@VITC nanocomposite, compared to NIC plus SeNPs alone, demonstrated a more potent ameliorative effect on NIC-induced reproductive toxicity in adult rats. The SeNPs@VITC nanocomposite significantly increased sperm count, reduced the percentage of sperm head abnormalities, lowered both serum FSH and LH concentrations, and improved the hemoglobin response.

Conclusions: Both SeNPs and SeNPs@VITC nanocomposite alleviated the testicular toxicity induced by NIC, but the SeNPs@VITC nanocomposite exhibited superior efficacy. The SeNPs@VITC nanocomposite could be employed to advance enhanced therapeutic strategies for addressing male infertility.

背景:烟草流行是一个重大的公共健康威胁。烟草中的主要活性成分尼古丁(NIC)会影响男性的生育能力和精液质量。本研究旨在探索硒纳米粒子(SeNPs)和新制备的 SeNPs @维生素 C(SeNPs@VITC)纳米复合材料在减轻尼古丁(NIC)诱导的睾丸毒性方面的潜力:以48只成年Wistar大鼠为研究对象,设计了六组实验:对照组腹腔注射生理盐水,SeNPs组口服2 mg/kg的SeNPs,SeNPs@VITC纳米复合材料组口服2 mg/kg的SeNPs@VITC纳米复合材料,NIC组腹腔注射1.25 mL/kg 的 NIC,NIC+ SeNPs 组接受 SeNPs 加 NIC,NIC+ SeNPs@VITC 纳米复合材料组接受 SeNPs@VITC 纳米复合材料加 NIC。治疗为期 28 天:结果:NIC 治疗明显导致精子质量差、血清睾酮降低、卵泡刺激素(FSH)和黄体生成素(LH)浓度升高、血红蛋白水平降低、白细胞增多、睾丸氧化剂/抗氧化剂平衡失调以及睾丸结构紊乱。新型 SeNPs@VITC 纳米复合材料的构建与单独使用 NIC 和 SeNPs 相比,对 NIC 诱导的成年大鼠生殖毒性具有更强的改善作用。SeNPs@VITC 纳米复合材料能显著增加精子数量,降低精子头部畸形的百分比,降低血清 FSH 和 LH 浓度,并改善血红蛋白反应:结论:SeNPs和SeNPs@VITC纳米复合材料都能减轻NIC诱导的睾丸毒性,但SeNPs@VITC纳米复合材料的疗效更好。SeNPs@VITC纳米复合材料可用于增强治疗男性不育症的策略。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of the toxic influence of locally formulated pesticides on hepatic and renal biomarkers in male Wistar rats. 评估本地配制的杀虫剂对雄性 Wistar 大鼠肝脏和肾脏生物标志物的毒性影响。
IF 2.2 4区 医学 Q3 TOXICOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-30 eCollection Date: 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae157
Esther Itunuoluwa Adeyele, Esther Olutomilayo Ayanyemi, Rufus Ojo Akomolafe, Olaoluwa Olukiran Sesan, Omolara Titilayo Aladesanmi, Aderonke Okoya Adetutu

Background: There is growing concern of the potential damage to vital organs after long term exposure to locally formulated pesticides in rural area of Nigeria. This study was designed to assessed the effects of the individual chemical compound and their combination on the kidney and liver of rats' model.

Methodology: Fifty-four rats divided into six groups and three sub-groups were exposed to 25, 50 and 75% dose of each of the pesticide's LD50 for 4 h at 3 days interval in an inhalation chamber for 28 days. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (TOT_BIL), creatinine and urea assay showed significant increase at the aforementioned doses in comparison to the control group. The red blood cell counts, hematocrit and hemoglobin concentrations were significantly altered in the rats administered varying doses of the pesticides when compared with the control. Similar result was obtained for the differential white blood cell counts. Histopathological examinations of the liver tissue of rats showed infiltrated sinusoids, traces of karypyknosis, vacuolar degeneration and microvesicular steatosis while that of the renal tissue showed glomeruli atrophy leading to widened Bowman's spaces as well as few shrunken glomeruli and varied level of degenerative tubular changes to tubular necrosis.

Conclusion: This study established that individual pesticides and their mixture is toxic to the liver and kidney, as evidenced by the elevated markers of renal and liver functions and distortion of the structure of both organs as revealed by their photomicrographs. Therefore, it is a matter of public health significance to regularly monitor pesticide residues in foods and humans in order to assess the food safety risk and population exposure to pesticides.

背景:在尼日利亚农村地区,人们越来越担心长期接触当地配制的杀虫剂会对重要器官造成潜在损害。本研究旨在评估单个化合物及其组合对大鼠肝肾的影响:将 54 只大鼠分为 6 组和 3 个亚组,在吸入室中分别暴露于 25%、50% 和 75% LD50 剂量的杀虫剂中,每组暴露 4 小时,间隔 3 天,共 28 天。与对照组相比,上述剂量下的丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、总胆红素(TOT_BIL)、肌酐和尿素检测结果均显著增加。与对照组相比,施用不同剂量杀虫剂的大鼠的红细胞计数、血细胞比容和血红蛋白浓度都发生了显著变化。差异白细胞计数也有类似结果。大鼠肝脏组织的组织病理学检查结果显示,肝窦浸润、钙化、空泡变性和微囊脂肪变性;肾脏组织的组织病理学检查结果显示,肾小球萎缩导致鲍曼氏间隙增宽,少数肾小球萎缩,肾小管发生不同程度的退行性变化,甚至肾小管坏死:这项研究证实,单个农药及其混合物对肝脏和肾脏具有毒性,肝肾功能指标的升高和显微照片显示的肝肾器官结构的扭曲就是证明。因此,定期监测食品和人体中的农药残留量,以评估食品安全风险和人群农药摄入量,对公共卫生具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Diospyros kaki fruit aqueous extract individual/combined with famotidine mitigates peptic ulcer induced by alcohol in rats. Diospyros kaki 果实水提取物单独/与法莫替丁合用可减轻酒精诱发的大鼠消化性溃疡。
IF 2.2 4区 医学 Q3 TOXICOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-27 eCollection Date: 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae155
Nourhène Dhawefi, Saber Jedidi, Houcem Sammari, Ala Ayari, Mourad Jridi, Hichem Sebai

The present study was performed to evaluate the therapeutic impact of Diospyros kaki fruit aqueous extract (DKFAE) on ethanol induced peptic ulcer. The phytochemical studies of DKFAE were investigated using colorometric analysis. Gastric ulcer was induced by one dose of ethanol (5 ml/Kg, b.w) on 24 h empty stomach. Then, the plant extract (200, 400 mg/kg) was orally administrated for 2 weeks. Famotidine (FAM: 40 mg/kg, b.w.): a reference drug was also tested. The effect of mixture dose between the fruit extract and FAM (DKFAE, 50 mg/kg PC, p.o. + FAM, 50 mg/kg PC, p.o.) was also evaluated. One hour after induction of ulcer blood samples were collected, stomach acidity and volume, as well as lesion counts were measured, then stomach and intestine of scarified rats were subjected to biochemical, macroscopic and microscopic studies. Results showed that DKFAE exhibited an important antioxidant potential. In vivo, the results showed that alcohol induced gastric damage, improving oxidative stress markers level such as MDA and H2O2, gastric and intestinal calcium and free iron. The intoxication by ethanol also produce an inflammation occurred by high level of the C-reactive protein (CRP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in plasma. In contrast, DKFAE and the mixture dose significantly protect against macroscopic and histological injuries, the secretory profile disturbances, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes activities and non enzymatic antioxidant level decrease induced by ethanol administration. More impressively, the mixture dose exerted the more excellent effect than DKFAE and famotidine each alone showing is possible synergism.

本研究旨在评估 Diospyros kaki 果实水提取物(DKFAE)对乙醇诱发的消化性溃疡的治疗效果。DKFAE 的植物化学研究采用的是比色分析法。空腹 24 小时后,用一剂乙醇(5 毫升/千克,体重)诱发胃溃疡。然后,口服植物提取物(200、400 毫克/千克)2 周。参照药物法莫替丁(FAM:40 毫克/千克,体重)也进行了测试。此外,还评估了果实提取物和法莫替丁(DKFAE,50 毫克/千克 PC,口服 + 法莫替丁,50 毫克/千克 PC,口服)混合剂量的效果。在诱导溃疡一小时后收集血液样本,测量胃酸度和胃容量以及病变计数,然后对结疤大鼠的胃和肠进行生化、宏观和微观研究。结果表明,DKFAE 具有重要的抗氧化潜力。在体内,研究结果表明,酒精会诱发胃损伤,提高氧化应激标志物(如 MDA 和 H2O2)、胃和肠钙以及游离铁的水平。乙醇中毒还会产生炎症,血浆中的 C 反应蛋白(CRP)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性水平升高。与此相反,DKFAE 和混合剂量能明显防止乙醇引起的宏观和组织学损伤、分泌物紊乱、脂质过氧化、抗氧化酶活性和非酶抗氧化剂水平下降。更令人印象深刻的是,混合剂量比单独使用 DKFAE 和法莫替丁的效果更佳,显示出可能的协同作用。
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引用次数: 0
Multifaceted bioactivity of marine fungal derived secondary metabolite, xyloketal B -a review. 海洋真菌衍生次生代谢物木酮B的多方面生物活性--综述。
IF 2.2 4区 医学 Q3 TOXICOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-26 eCollection Date: 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae156
Sreelekshmi Puthuvalnikarthil Udayan, Sini Hariharan, Kottayath Govindan Nevin

Background: A growing number of findings have focused on the distinctive physiochemical characteristics that marine microorganisms have acquired as a result of their adaptation to the challenging conditions inherent in the marine environment. It has been established that the marine environment is a very rich source of bioactive substances with a variety of biological effects and structural diversity. A major discovery was the extraction of xyloketals from Xylaria sp. Numerous thorough studies have subsequently been carried out to determine the medicinal potential of these bioactive components. Xyloketals are thought to be a very promising and significant class of naturally occurring substances with a wide range of potent biological activities, such as radical scavenging, suppression of cell proliferation, reduction of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, antioxidant activity, inhibition of acetylcholine esterase, inhibition of L-calcium channels, and others. Xyloketal B is one of the most potent molecules with significant therapeutic properties among the numerous variants discovered.

Conclusion: This review summarizes the structural characterization of all naturally occurring xyloketal compounds, especially the B derivative with an emphasis on their bioactivity and provides an outline of how xyloketals operate in diverse disease scenarios.

背景:越来越多的研究结果关注海洋微生物因适应海洋环境固有的挑战性条件而获得的独特理化特性。已经证实,海洋环境是生物活性物质的一个非常丰富的来源,具有各种生物效应和结构多样性。从木贼中提取木酮素是一项重大发现。随后,人们进行了大量深入研究,以确定这些生物活性成分的药用潜力。木酮醇被认为是一类非常有前途的重要天然物质,具有广泛的强效生物活性,如清除自由基、抑制细胞增殖、减轻新生儿缺氧缺血性脑损伤、抗氧化、抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶、抑制 L-钙通道等。在已发现的众多变体中,木酮醇 B 是最有效的分子之一,具有显著的治疗特性:本综述总结了所有天然木酮化合物的结构特征,尤其是 B 衍生物,重点介绍了它们的生物活性,并概述了木酮类化合物如何在各种疾病中发挥作用。
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引用次数: 0
Oral toxicity evaluation of Bacillus clausii M31 isolated from the children's feces in the northern province of Vietnam. 从越南北部省份儿童粪便中分离出的克氏芽孢杆菌 M31 的口服毒性评估。
IF 2.2 4区 医学 Q3 TOXICOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-24 eCollection Date: 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae152
Nguyen Quynh Anh Ngo, Huong Thi Nguyen, Xuan Thanh Dam, Dinh Nhi Bui, Thi Thao Minh

This study investigated the acute and repeated 28-day dose toxicity profiles of Bacillus clausii M31, isolated from children's feces, in Swiss rats and New Zealand rabbits. To investigate acute toxicity, rats were given varied doses of B. clausii M31 (1 × 1011 CFU/mL, 3 × 1011 CFU/mL, and 5 × 1011 CFU/mL) orally once daily for 14 days, in accordance with OECD recommendations No. 423. To evaluate toxicity, rabbits were given either a low dosage (1 × 1011 CFU/mL) or a high dose (5 × 1011 CFU/mL) during a 28-day period using the OECD Test Guideline 407 protocol. Neither death nor significant abnormalities were observed in the rats during the experiment. The microscopic examination of key organs revealed no substantial changes in organ morphology. Furthermore, analyses of serum biochemistry and hematological parameters did not reveal any treatment-associated variations. In sum, these findings suggest that the oral intake of B. clausii M31 at concentrations up to 5 × 1011 CFU/mL for 28 days poses no discernible risks.

本研究调查了从儿童粪便中分离出的克劳斯氏芽孢杆菌 M31 在瑞士大鼠和新西兰兔子体内的急性毒性和 28 天重复剂量毒性概况。为了研究急性毒性,按照经合组织第 423 号建议,给瑞士大鼠口服不同剂量的克劳氏芽孢杆菌 M31(1 × 1011 CFU/mL、3 × 1011 CFU/mL 和 5 × 1011 CFU/mL),每天一次,连续 14 天。为了评估毒性,按照经合组织试验准则 407 协议,在 28 天内给兔子注射低剂量(1 × 1011 CFU/mL)或高剂量(5 × 1011 CFU/mL)。实验期间未发现大鼠死亡或明显异常。主要器官的显微镜检查显示,器官形态没有发生实质性变化。此外,对血清生物化学和血液学参数的分析也没有发现任何与治疗有关的变化。总之,这些研究结果表明,连续 28 天口服浓度高达 5 × 1011 CFU/mL 的克劳斯氏酵母菌 M31 不会造成明显的风险。
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引用次数: 0
Effective attenuation of Paraquat induced oxidative stress and Genotoxicity in testicular germ cells by vitamin E in Caprines. 维生素 E 能有效减轻百草枯对犬睾丸生殖细胞的氧化应激和遗传毒性。
IF 2.2 4区 医学 Q3 TOXICOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-24 eCollection Date: 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae153
Vishavjeet Rathee, Prerna Bikal, Anshu Siwach, Jitender Kumar Bhardwaj

Toxicological empirical research suggests that excessive utilization of paraquat, an herbicide, shows detrimental consequences on mammalian reproductive toxicity. The current study aims to study it as a reproductive toxin on the caprine testicular cells at 4- and 6-hour exposure duration. Paraquat treatment decreased the cell viability percentage and induced histological architectural alterations such as disruption of germinal epithelium, vacuolization, and pyknotic nuclei in the testis. The differential EB/AO staining also revealed an increased incidence of apoptosis after paraquat treatment at both dosages, i.e. 10 mM and 100 mM. Paraquat also induces oxidative stress, as evident via increased Malondialdehyde levels (a byproduct of lipid peroxidation) and a decline in the antioxidant capacity (FRAP). However, co-administration of Vitamin E significantly reduced the paraquat-mediated decline in cell viability percentage, histological alterations, and apoptosis incidences and generated oxidative stress, indicating its antioxidative properties against paraquat exposure. This research concludes that Vitamin E co-administration considerably reduced the toxicity of paraquat elicited in testicles, suggesting that Vitamin E may have advantageous potential in preventing the male gonadotoxicity caused by paraquat use in agriculture.

毒理学实证研究表明,过量使用除草剂百草枯会对哺乳动物的生殖毒性产生不利影响。本研究旨在研究百草枯在 4 小时和 6 小时暴露时间内对绒毛动物睾丸细胞产生的生殖毒性。百草枯处理降低了睾丸细胞的存活率,并诱发了组织学结构的改变,如生殖上皮破坏、空泡化和细胞核萎缩。不同的 EB/AO 染色也显示,百草枯处理两种剂量(即 10 毫摩尔和 100 毫摩尔)后,细胞凋亡的发生率均有所增加。百草枯还会诱发氧化应激,表现为丙二醛水平(脂质过氧化的副产物)升高和抗氧化能力(FRAP)下降。然而,同时服用维生素 E 能明显降低百草枯介导的细胞存活率下降、组织学改变、细胞凋亡发生率和氧化应激的产生,这表明维生素 E 对百草枯暴露具有抗氧化特性。这项研究的结论是,联合服用维生素 E 可大大降低百草枯对睾丸的毒性,这表明维生素 E 在预防农业中使用百草枯引起的男性性腺毒性方面可能具有优势。
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引用次数: 0
A toxicogenomics-based identification of potential mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in PFCs-induced cancer in human. 基于毒物基因组学鉴定全氟化合物诱发人类癌症的潜在机制和信号通路。
IF 2.2 4区 医学 Q3 TOXICOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-24 eCollection Date: 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae151
Zahra Dehghani, Sara Ranjbar, Farbod Shahabinezhad, Pooria Sabouri, Afshin Mohammadi Bardbori

Introduction: The number of new diagnosed cancer cases and cancer deaths are increasing worldwide. Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are synthetic chemicals, which are possible inducers of cancer in human and laboratory animals. Studies showed that PFCs induce breast, prostate, kidney, liver and pancreas cancer by inducing genes being involved in carcinogenic pathways.

Methodology: This study reviews the association between PFCs induced up-regulation/down-regulation of genes and signaling pathways that are important in promoting different types of cancer. To obtain chemical-gene interactions, an advanced search was performed in the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database platform.

Results: Five most prevalent cancers were studied and the maps of their signaling pathways were drawn, and colored borders indicate significantly differentially expressed genes if there had been reports of alterations in expression in the presence of PFCs.

Conclusion: In general, PFCs are capable of inducing cancer in human via altering PPARα and PI3K pathways, evading apoptosis, inducing sustained angiogenesis, alterations in proliferation and blocking differentiation. However, more epidemiological data and mechanistic studies are needed to better understand the carcinogenic effects of PFCs in human.

导 言全球新确诊癌症病例和癌症死亡人数不断增加。全氟化合物(PFCs)是一种合成化学品,可能诱发人类和实验动物癌症。研究表明,全氟化合物通过诱导参与致癌途径的基因,诱发乳腺癌、前列腺癌、肾癌、肝癌和胰腺癌:本研究回顾了全氟化合物诱导基因上调/下调与信号通路之间的关联,这些基因和信号通路对促进不同类型癌症的发生非常重要。为了获得化学物质与基因之间的相互作用,我们在比较毒物基因组学数据库平台上进行了高级搜索:结果:对五种最常见的癌症进行了研究,并绘制了其信号通路图,如果有报道称在全氟化学品存在的情况下基因的表达发生了改变,则用彩色边框表示表达显著不同的基因:总的来说,全氟化合物能够通过改变 PPARα 和 PI3K 通路、逃避凋亡、诱导持续血管生成、改变增殖和阻止分化来诱发人类癌症。然而,要更好地了解全氟化合物对人体的致癌作用,还需要更多的流行病学数据和机理研究。
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引用次数: 0
Heavy metals and probabilistic risk assessment via Prunella vulgaris (food and medicine homology) consumption in Guangdong Province, China. 中国广东省通过梅花(药食同源)消费进行重金属和概率风险评估。
IF 2.2 4区 医学 Q3 TOXICOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-24 eCollection Date: 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae142
Rui Huang, Shaowei Chen, Ping Wang, Pan Zhu, Xiumin Xu, Zihui Chen, Jiewen Peng

Prunella vulgaris is widely used as the main ingredient of herb tea in Southeast Asia, as well as a traditional Chinese medicine. However, the heavy metal contaminations such as arsenic, cadmium, mercury and lead in P. vulgaris may be a cause for concern due to the environment pollution around, plantation and processing contamination. Thus, this study intented to assess both non-carcinogenic risks and carcinogenic risks attributed to cumulative exposure to the four heavy metals in P. vulgaris. The contaminations levels of heavy metals were determined in 90 batches of P. vulgaris. And the consumption level was obtained through a questionnaire survey among a total of 6,235 adult participants in Guangdong province. This study estimated the probabilistic health risks using Monte Carlo simulation, and found that the estimated mean and the 95th percentile values for cumulative noncarcinogenic risk (HI value) and carcinogenic risk (TCR value) of P. vulgaris were all within the acceptable risk. And the assessment results indicated that arsenic was the primary contributors to both noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks through P. vulgaris consumption. These findings and continuing the surveillance of heavy metals in P. vulgaris will be particularly relevant to both consumers and policy makers.

毛蕊花在东南亚被广泛用作花草茶的主要成分,也是一种传统中药。然而,由于周围环境污染、种植和加工污染,普通樱草中的砷、镉、汞和铅等重金属污染可能会引起人们的关注。因此,本研究旨在评估因累积接触四种重金属而导致的非致癌风险和致癌风险。本研究测定了 90 批 P. vulgaris 的重金属污染水平。通过对广东省 6 235 名成年参与者进行问卷调查,获得了他们的消费水平。该研究采用蒙特卡洛模拟法对健康风险进行了概率估算,结果发现,菠萝的累积非致癌风险(HI 值)和致癌风险(TCR 值)的估算均值和第 95 百分位数均在可接受的风险范围内。评估结果表明,砷是通过食用 P. vulgaris 导致非致癌和致癌风险的主要因素。这些发现以及继续监测茨菰中的重金属对消费者和政策制定者都具有特别重要的意义。
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引用次数: 0
Effective paclitaxel: β-Cyclodextrin-based formulation boosts in vitro anti-tumor potential and lowers toxicity in zebrafish. 高效紫杉醇:基于β-环糊精的制剂可提高体外抗肿瘤潜力并降低斑马鱼的毒性。
IF 2.2 4区 医学 Q3 TOXICOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-23 eCollection Date: 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae150
Sautan Show, Debanjan Dutta, Upendra Nongthomba, Mahadesh Prasad A J

Paclitaxel (PCTX) is one of the most prevalently used chemotherapeutic agents. However, its use is currently beset with a host of problems: solubility issue, microplastic leaching, and drug resistance. Since drug discovery is challenging, we decided to focus on repurposing the drug itself by remedying its drawbacks and making it more effective. In this study, we have harnessed the aqueous solubility of sugars, and the high affinity of cancer cells for them, to entrap the hydrophobic PCTX within the hydrophilic shell of the carbohydrate β-cyclodextrin. We have characterized this novel drug formulation by testing its various physical and chemical parameters. Importantly, in all our in vitro assays, the conjugate performed better than the drug alone. We find that the conjugate is internalized by the cancer cells (A549) via caveolin 1-mediated endocytosis. Thereafter, it triggers apoptosis by inducing the formation of reactive oxygen species. Based on experiments on zebrafish larvae, the formulation displays lower toxicity compared to PCTX alone. Thus, our "Trojan Horse" approach, relying on minimal components and relatively faster formulation, enhances the anti-tumor potential of PCTX, while simultaneously making it more innocuous toward non-cancerous cells. The findings of this study have implications in the quest for the most cost-effective chemotherapeutic molecule.

紫杉醇(PCTX)是最常用的化疗药物之一。然而,它的使用目前存在一系列问题:溶解性问题、微塑料浸出和耐药性。由于药物发现具有挑战性,我们决定重点关注药物本身的再利用,弥补其缺点,使其更加有效。在这项研究中,我们利用糖类的水溶性和癌细胞对糖类的高亲和性,将疏水性 PCTX 包裹在碳水化合物 β-环糊精的亲水外壳中。我们通过测试这种新型药物制剂的各种物理和化学参数,确定了其特性。重要的是,在所有体外试验中,该共轭物的表现均优于单独使用的药物。我们发现,共轭物通过洞穴素 1 介导的内吞作用被癌细胞(A549)内化。之后,它通过诱导活性氧的形成引发细胞凋亡。根据对斑马鱼幼虫的实验,与单独使用 PCTX 相比,该制剂显示出更低的毒性。因此,我们的 "特洛伊木马 "方法依靠最少的成分和相对较快的配制,增强了 PCTX 的抗肿瘤潜力,同时使其对非癌细胞更加无害。这项研究的发现对寻找最具成本效益的化疗分子具有重要意义。
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Toxicology Research
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