Malieka Batool, Fakhra Gulzar, Arsalan Saghir, Muhammad Umar
Public transport is a vital infrastructural facility that must be contiguous for the public to use. Orange Line Metro Train Service has improved the public transportation facility in Lahore. To evaluate its performance, a study is conducted on students of the University of Engineering and Technology. Four dependent variables were selected for the study; time, comfort/ convenience, safety/ security, and economic feature. A survey was conducted and results were evaluated using Cronbach’s Alpha value on dependent variables. Correlation analysis and basic statistical analysis were also used in data analysis. It was found that gender has no significant difference in the perception of comfort/convenience features. Additionally, it was found that comfort significantly impacts a person’s reuse of OLMRTS compared to other variables due to the high Cronbach’s alpha value.
{"title":"Factors Affecting the Use of Orange Line Metro Train Service by University Students","authors":"Malieka Batool, Fakhra Gulzar, Arsalan Saghir, Muhammad Umar","doi":"10.4028/p-gpmt0a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-gpmt0a","url":null,"abstract":"Public transport is a vital infrastructural facility that must be contiguous for the public to use. Orange Line Metro Train Service has improved the public transportation facility in Lahore. To evaluate its performance, a study is conducted on students of the University of Engineering and Technology. Four dependent variables were selected for the study; time, comfort/ convenience, safety/ security, and economic feature. A survey was conducted and results were evaluated using Cronbach’s Alpha value on dependent variables. Correlation analysis and basic statistical analysis were also used in data analysis. It was found that gender has no significant difference in the perception of comfort/convenience features. Additionally, it was found that comfort significantly impacts a person’s reuse of OLMRTS compared to other variables due to the high Cronbach’s alpha value.","PeriodicalId":10603,"journal":{"name":"Construction Technologies and Architecture","volume":" 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141823041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Naveed Ishaq, Naveed Anjum, Zaheer Ahmed, Asad Javed, J. Sidiqy, Musharaf Khan
Bitumen, a fundamental component of asphalt used in road construction, plays a vital role in determining the performance and longevity of pavements. The assessment of bitumen characteristics is crucial to ensure its suitability for specific applications and environmental conditions. This research paper explores the use of fumed silica, a high-purity, fine particulate form of silicon dioxide, as an additive in bitumen to improve its properties. The study investigates the impact of Fumed Silica SiO2 on the results obtained. The following tests, including the specific gravity test, penetration test, softening point test, and flash and fire test were used to determine the rheological characteristics of bitumen. In particular, the treated bitumen qualities were concentrated after performing lab testing by breaking down the rheological properties. The research aims to enhance the understanding of how SiO2 affects bitumen properties and its potential benefits in enhancing the performance of road pavements. According to this study, 0.1 wt. % of fumed silica produces the results mentioned above better than larger concentrations of fumed silica.
{"title":"Utilization of SiO2 for Assessing Bitumen Characteristics through Consistency Tests","authors":"Muhammad Naveed Ishaq, Naveed Anjum, Zaheer Ahmed, Asad Javed, J. Sidiqy, Musharaf Khan","doi":"10.4028/p-lftf65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-lftf65","url":null,"abstract":"Bitumen, a fundamental component of asphalt used in road construction, plays a vital role in determining the performance and longevity of pavements. The assessment of bitumen characteristics is crucial to ensure its suitability for specific applications and environmental conditions. This research paper explores the use of fumed silica, a high-purity, fine particulate form of silicon dioxide, as an additive in bitumen to improve its properties. The study investigates the impact of Fumed Silica SiO2 on the results obtained. The following tests, including the specific gravity test, penetration test, softening point test, and flash and fire test were used to determine the rheological characteristics of bitumen. In particular, the treated bitumen qualities were concentrated after performing lab testing by breaking down the rheological properties. The research aims to enhance the understanding of how SiO2 affects bitumen properties and its potential benefits in enhancing the performance of road pavements. According to this study, 0.1 wt. % of fumed silica produces the results mentioned above better than larger concentrations of fumed silica.","PeriodicalId":10603,"journal":{"name":"Construction Technologies and Architecture","volume":" 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141822531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Following the Kashmir Earthquake on October 8, 2005 attention is being paid to the seismic vulnerability on a national scale. There is an urgent need to check the bridge structures in earthquake-prone zones of Pakistan. In order to address this problem, this research aimed to perform a progressive pushover analysis of a reinforced concrete bridge of Pakistan and to check the seismic capacity of the under-investigation bridge to ensure the seismic demand of the area. The modelling and analysis of the existing bridge within the seismic zone 3 of Pakistan was carried out using computer-aided software CSI Bridge. Pushover analysis was conducted at different drift levels to assess its seismic demand and capacity across various seismic zones. The research concluded with an overview that bridge was able to achieve the life safety stage and it can sustain the earthquake acceleration in the seismic zone 3 of Pakistan. Lastly, recommendations measures for the under-investigation bridge were developed.
{"title":"Progressive Pushover Analysis of a Reinforced Concrete Bridge of Pakistan","authors":"Aymen Zia, Ahsan Khalil","doi":"10.4028/p-q7qzni","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-q7qzni","url":null,"abstract":"Following the Kashmir Earthquake on October 8, 2005 attention is being paid to the seismic vulnerability on a national scale. There is an urgent need to check the bridge structures in earthquake-prone zones of Pakistan. In order to address this problem, this research aimed to perform a progressive pushover analysis of a reinforced concrete bridge of Pakistan and to check the seismic capacity of the under-investigation bridge to ensure the seismic demand of the area. The modelling and analysis of the existing bridge within the seismic zone 3 of Pakistan was carried out using computer-aided software CSI Bridge. Pushover analysis was conducted at different drift levels to assess its seismic demand and capacity across various seismic zones. The research concluded with an overview that bridge was able to achieve the life safety stage and it can sustain the earthquake acceleration in the seismic zone 3 of Pakistan. Lastly, recommendations measures for the under-investigation bridge were developed.","PeriodicalId":10603,"journal":{"name":"Construction Technologies and Architecture","volume":"112 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141821462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The availability of fresh water in the required quantity is the major challenge in Karachi city. There is a need to evaluate the potential of available water resources and devise a suitable distribution mechanism for the city. This study aims to determine the current water situation of Karachi City and it predicts the future water situation till 2040 considering 30 gallons per capita per day (GPCD) as an annual requirement per person. The study is conducted with the help of WEAP software. WEAP software uses different scenarios to estimate future water needs. In the software, water needs of Karachi from 2020 to 2040 were assessed and analysis of water demand, unmet demand, supply delivered, and demand site coverage was carried out. During modeling, a growth rate of 2.31% per year was used. The result indicates that the water demand will increase to 759.064 million gallons per day (MGD) in 2040, so an extra supply of 336.564 MGD will be required to meet water demands and urbanization of the city. To meet this unmet demand, it is suggested that water leakage be reduced as proposed by the Karachi Water & Sewerage Board (KWSB). Moreover, water conservation techniques and the use of treated wastewater along with the existing water are recommended to reduce the unmet demand.
{"title":"Utilization of WEAP Software to Assess Current and Future Water Demand of Karachi City","authors":"Muhammad Abdul Hanan, Muhammad Waqas Malik","doi":"10.4028/p-n0j7ya","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-n0j7ya","url":null,"abstract":"The availability of fresh water in the required quantity is the major challenge in Karachi city. There is a need to evaluate the potential of available water resources and devise a suitable distribution mechanism for the city. This study aims to determine the current water situation of Karachi City and it predicts the future water situation till 2040 considering 30 gallons per capita per day (GPCD) as an annual requirement per person. The study is conducted with the help of WEAP software. WEAP software uses different scenarios to estimate future water needs. In the software, water needs of Karachi from 2020 to 2040 were assessed and analysis of water demand, unmet demand, supply delivered, and demand site coverage was carried out. During modeling, a growth rate of 2.31% per year was used. The result indicates that the water demand will increase to 759.064 million gallons per day (MGD) in 2040, so an extra supply of 336.564 MGD will be required to meet water demands and urbanization of the city. To meet this unmet demand, it is suggested that water leakage be reduced as proposed by the Karachi Water & Sewerage Board (KWSB). Moreover, water conservation techniques and the use of treated wastewater along with the existing water are recommended to reduce the unmet demand.","PeriodicalId":10603,"journal":{"name":"Construction Technologies and Architecture","volume":"102 30","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141821587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research paper presents the findings of an experimental study conducted to investigate the influence of varying sizes and percentages of steel and nylon fibers on the mechanical and durability properties of concrete. The objective of this study was to explore the potential enhancements in concrete performance through fiber reinforcement, considering the two distinct fiber types - steel and nylon. A comprehensive testing program was devised, encompassing a wide range of fiber combinations to assess their individual and combined effects on concrete properties. The concrete specimens were prepared by incorporating different sizes (length and diameter) and proportions (percentage by volume) of steel and nylon fibers into the concrete mix. Mechanical properties, including compressive strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength, were evaluated to determine the impact of fiber reinforcement on the concrete's load-bearing capacity and resistance to cracking. Additionally, the durability properties, chloride ion penetration, and abrasion resistance, were assessed to understand the potential improvement in the concrete's long-term performance under adverse environmental conditions. The experimental results revealed significant variations in the mechanical and durability properties of the fiber-reinforced concrete compared to the conventional concrete mix. Steel fibers demonstrated superior performance in enhancing the concrete's load-carrying capacity and ductility, especially at higher percentages. On the other hand, nylon fibers exhibited exceptional resistance to and abrasion, contributing to improved durability. Notably, the steel and nylon fibers exhibited synergistic effects, leading to a balanced enhancement of mechanical and durability properties. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the benefits of incorporating steel and nylon fibers in concrete, offering an effective means of optimizing the material's overall performance for diverse engineering applications. The results from this research can serve as a basis for developing more resilient and sustainable concrete structures, which can withstand harsh environmental conditions and contribute to the advancement of construction practices. Further exploration into the long-term behavior and cost-effectiveness of fiber-reinforced concrete is recommended for a comprehensive understanding of its feasibility in practical engineering applications.
{"title":"An Experiment Study of Concrete Caste with River Sand and with Varying Sizes and Percentages of Steel and Nylon Fibers","authors":"Muhammad Adnan, Aqeel Ahmed, Zaheer Ahmed, Naveed Anjum, Munaza Komal, Khalid Hussain","doi":"10.4028/p-nbp9it","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-nbp9it","url":null,"abstract":"This research paper presents the findings of an experimental study conducted to investigate the influence of varying sizes and percentages of steel and nylon fibers on the mechanical and durability properties of concrete. The objective of this study was to explore the potential enhancements in concrete performance through fiber reinforcement, considering the two distinct fiber types - steel and nylon. A comprehensive testing program was devised, encompassing a wide range of fiber combinations to assess their individual and combined effects on concrete properties. The concrete specimens were prepared by incorporating different sizes (length and diameter) and proportions (percentage by volume) of steel and nylon fibers into the concrete mix. Mechanical properties, including compressive strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength, were evaluated to determine the impact of fiber reinforcement on the concrete's load-bearing capacity and resistance to cracking. Additionally, the durability properties, chloride ion penetration, and abrasion resistance, were assessed to understand the potential improvement in the concrete's long-term performance under adverse environmental conditions. The experimental results revealed significant variations in the mechanical and durability properties of the fiber-reinforced concrete compared to the conventional concrete mix. Steel fibers demonstrated superior performance in enhancing the concrete's load-carrying capacity and ductility, especially at higher percentages. On the other hand, nylon fibers exhibited exceptional resistance to and abrasion, contributing to improved durability. Notably, the steel and nylon fibers exhibited synergistic effects, leading to a balanced enhancement of mechanical and durability properties. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the benefits of incorporating steel and nylon fibers in concrete, offering an effective means of optimizing the material's overall performance for diverse engineering applications. The results from this research can serve as a basis for developing more resilient and sustainable concrete structures, which can withstand harsh environmental conditions and contribute to the advancement of construction practices. Further exploration into the long-term behavior and cost-effectiveness of fiber-reinforced concrete is recommended for a comprehensive understanding of its feasibility in practical engineering applications.","PeriodicalId":10603,"journal":{"name":"Construction Technologies and Architecture","volume":"119 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141821970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Floating Vegetation Islands (FVIs) are commonly found on the shallow surfaces of open channels, such as rivers and canals. These FVIs can significantly alter the flow characteristics, causing changes in flow velocity and turbulence around the canopy zone. This research employs Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling to investigate the impact of FVIs on flow velocity in an open channel. The numerical simulations were conducted using ANSYS-FLUENT software, utilizing the Reynolds Stress Model (RSM). Three patches of FVIs with a density of 2.0583/cm2 were considered in the simulations. The findings demonstrate a substantial reduction in flow velocity, up to 100%, within the vegetation zone, while a velocity increase of 285% was observed in the free adjacent zone. A shedding behavior with large and turbulent wake structures was observed behind the floating patches, whereas a significant difference in the velocity magnitudes between the upper canopy part and the lower free part (water column) was observed. This study highlights the significant influence of FVIs on flow dynamics in open channels.
{"title":"Investigation of Velocity Distribution in an Open Channel with Rigid Floating Vegetation Islands","authors":"Jawad Ashraf, Naveed Anjum, Zaheer Ahmed, Usman Ghani","doi":"10.4028/p-mwo8bt","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-mwo8bt","url":null,"abstract":"Floating Vegetation Islands (FVIs) are commonly found on the shallow surfaces of open channels, such as rivers and canals. These FVIs can significantly alter the flow characteristics, causing changes in flow velocity and turbulence around the canopy zone. This research employs Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling to investigate the impact of FVIs on flow velocity in an open channel. The numerical simulations were conducted using ANSYS-FLUENT software, utilizing the Reynolds Stress Model (RSM). Three patches of FVIs with a density of 2.0583/cm2 were considered in the simulations. The findings demonstrate a substantial reduction in flow velocity, up to 100%, within the vegetation zone, while a velocity increase of 285% was observed in the free adjacent zone. A shedding behavior with large and turbulent wake structures was observed behind the floating patches, whereas a significant difference in the velocity magnitudes between the upper canopy part and the lower free part (water column) was observed. This study highlights the significant influence of FVIs on flow dynamics in open channels.","PeriodicalId":10603,"journal":{"name":"Construction Technologies and Architecture","volume":"114 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141822040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The construction produced a large volume of debris. This debris may be utilized as Recycled Aggregates (RAs), especially in the pavement. RCA is widely used across the globe; it not only reduces the burden on the environment but also on natural resources. The scope of this study is to utilize recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for testing rutting susceptibility to hot mix asphalt (HMA). Physical and mechanical tests were performed to determine the behaviour of aggregates for natural and each level of RCA combined with natural aggregates. A typical binder was utilized and found qualified for use in HMA. Rutting susceptibility tests were performed on natural (controlled) and sample mixes with RCA (0–100%) at a 20% interval. It was observed that the optimum result for rutting potential was found to be at 20% of RCA. It was observed that an increase in RCA proportion results in an increase in asphalt content and, on the contrary, a decrease in rut resistance.
{"title":"Effect of Recycled Concrete Aggregates (RCA) for Rutting Susceptibility in Flexible Pavement","authors":"Sajjad Ali, Arooba Ejaz","doi":"10.4028/p-ybe4or","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-ybe4or","url":null,"abstract":"The construction produced a large volume of debris. This debris may be utilized as Recycled Aggregates (RAs), especially in the pavement. RCA is widely used across the globe; it not only reduces the burden on the environment but also on natural resources. The scope of this study is to utilize recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for testing rutting susceptibility to hot mix asphalt (HMA). Physical and mechanical tests were performed to determine the behaviour of aggregates for natural and each level of RCA combined with natural aggregates. A typical binder was utilized and found qualified for use in HMA. Rutting susceptibility tests were performed on natural (controlled) and sample mixes with RCA (0–100%) at a 20% interval. It was observed that the optimum result for rutting potential was found to be at 20% of RCA. It was observed that an increase in RCA proportion results in an increase in asphalt content and, on the contrary, a decrease in rut resistance.","PeriodicalId":10603,"journal":{"name":"Construction Technologies and Architecture","volume":" 830","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141823359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To alleviate the corrosion issue, GFRP bars are usually preferred over steel reinforcing bars. However, its application causes larger deflection and brittle failure of concrete members. To solve this, steel bars can be used in combination with GFRP bars to reduce deflection and enhance ductility. Steel-GFRP hybrid reinforced concrete is a relatively recent concept, as a result, it is still in the development stage. This study numerically examines the flexure response of concrete beams reinforced with hybrid reinforcement i.e., GFRP bars combined with steel. A total of five numerical models were developed for this investigation. The analysis methodology is based on the models developed for investigation of GFRP reinforced concrete beams which was validated with experimental studies. It is found that with an increase in the replacement percentage of steel in GFRP RC beams, the ultimate load is increased. Also, it is observed that there is a significant reduction in deflection in post-cracking and pre-steel yielding region along with enhancement in the attributes of ductility which is beneficial for serviceability aspects. The steel-GFRP hybrid-reinforced concrete beams were found to have failed by yielding of steel and subsequent concrete crushing.
{"title":"Numerical Study on Flexural Behaviour of Steel-GFRP Hybrid-Reinforced Concrete Beams","authors":"M. Ifrahim, A. J. Sangi","doi":"10.4028/p-ocbyf0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-ocbyf0","url":null,"abstract":"To alleviate the corrosion issue, GFRP bars are usually preferred over steel reinforcing bars. However, its application causes larger deflection and brittle failure of concrete members. To solve this, steel bars can be used in combination with GFRP bars to reduce deflection and enhance ductility. Steel-GFRP hybrid reinforced concrete is a relatively recent concept, as a result, it is still in the development stage. This study numerically examines the flexure response of concrete beams reinforced with hybrid reinforcement i.e., GFRP bars combined with steel. A total of five numerical models were developed for this investigation. The analysis methodology is based on the models developed for investigation of GFRP reinforced concrete beams which was validated with experimental studies. It is found that with an increase in the replacement percentage of steel in GFRP RC beams, the ultimate load is increased. Also, it is observed that there is a significant reduction in deflection in post-cracking and pre-steel yielding region along with enhancement in the attributes of ductility which is beneficial for serviceability aspects. The steel-GFRP hybrid-reinforced concrete beams were found to have failed by yielding of steel and subsequent concrete crushing.","PeriodicalId":10603,"journal":{"name":"Construction Technologies and Architecture","volume":"108 52","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141821504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ashar Ahmed, Ahsan Zaheer Shaikh, Muhammad Abeer Shaikh
Road defects are inevitable in the infrastructure of any city but its effects on the safety of road users and overall economy vary. There are several factors which contribute towards the magnitude and frequency of such defects and how much human and financial loss they incur. Finding suitable solutions to these road defects which are cost effective as well as sustainable are necessary. This study aims to explore the various common road defects, their cause and possible sustainable solutions. Different localities in the city of Karachi were selected for estimating the average frequency and magnitude of common road defect types. It was found that on an average there were 2.8 potholes, 1.5 ditches, 1.68 speed breakers, 1.3 open manholes, and 0.16 open nullahs per kilometer in Karachi. All together they constitute about 59,436 road defects in the city of Karachi. The most hazardous of them are the open manholes which account for day to day fatal and severe injury accidents. Some of the solutions evaluated for the repair of these road defects were concrete debris, aggregate mixture (gherha), earthen backfill, and used rubber tire strips based manhole cover.
{"title":"Evaluation of Possible Sustainable Solutions to Road Defects in Karachi","authors":"Ashar Ahmed, Ahsan Zaheer Shaikh, Muhammad Abeer Shaikh","doi":"10.4028/p-qayo9n","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-qayo9n","url":null,"abstract":"Road defects are inevitable in the infrastructure of any city but its effects on the safety of road users and overall economy vary. There are several factors which contribute towards the magnitude and frequency of such defects and how much human and financial loss they incur. Finding suitable solutions to these road defects which are cost effective as well as sustainable are necessary. This study aims to explore the various common road defects, their cause and possible sustainable solutions. Different localities in the city of Karachi were selected for estimating the average frequency and magnitude of common road defect types. It was found that on an average there were 2.8 potholes, 1.5 ditches, 1.68 speed breakers, 1.3 open manholes, and 0.16 open nullahs per kilometer in Karachi. All together they constitute about 59,436 road defects in the city of Karachi. The most hazardous of them are the open manholes which account for day to day fatal and severe injury accidents. Some of the solutions evaluated for the repair of these road defects were concrete debris, aggregate mixture (gherha), earthen backfill, and used rubber tire strips based manhole cover.","PeriodicalId":10603,"journal":{"name":"Construction Technologies and Architecture","volume":"107 37","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141821650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The workforce shortage has become a critical issue in the construction industry in the United States, and many people believe that the shortage will be prevalent for years. The main reasons for the construction workforce shortage are the aging workforce and a lack of interest from young people in joining the industry. As educators in construction, we need to actively participate in events that provide opportunities to interact with children and young adults so that we can provide them with information about career opportunities in the construction industry and boost the image of the construction industry. Research studies show that kids start to make career choices when they are in 8th or 9th grade. Boosting awareness of construction career possibilities for kids in that age group is an important effort to attract young talent to the construction field. This paper describes an effort to provide early construction career exposure opportunities to K-12 students through an interactive career expo organized by a local non-profit organization.
{"title":"Attracting K-12 Students to the Construction Workforce through an Interactive Career Expo","authors":"Fan Zhang, Mehmet Emre Bayraktar","doi":"10.4028/p-xq3wrv","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-xq3wrv","url":null,"abstract":"The workforce shortage has become a critical issue in the construction industry in the United States, and many people believe that the shortage will be prevalent for years. The main reasons for the construction workforce shortage are the aging workforce and a lack of interest from young people in joining the industry. As educators in construction, we need to actively participate in events that provide opportunities to interact with children and young adults so that we can provide them with information about career opportunities in the construction industry and boost the image of the construction industry. Research studies show that kids start to make career choices when they are in 8th or 9th grade. Boosting awareness of construction career possibilities for kids in that age group is an important effort to attract young talent to the construction field. This paper describes an effort to provide early construction career exposure opportunities to K-12 students through an interactive career expo organized by a local non-profit organization.","PeriodicalId":10603,"journal":{"name":"Construction Technologies and Architecture","volume":"102 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141821594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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