Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1177/26349833221101076
Wanyu Cai, Qi Chen, Yijin Wang, S. Dong, P. Luo
Resistance element welding (REW) with a concealed rivet cover (Q235) was used to join steel-DP780 and Al-5052. The macroscopic morphology and the microstructure were observed using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical properties of the joint were also tested. The results show that the intermetallic compound (IMC) formed at the Q235/Al interface is FeAl3, while the IMCs formed at the DP780/Al interface are Fe2Al5 and FeAl3. The welding current has a significant influence on the nugget size, peak load, average hardness of aluminum heat-affected zone, and the bearing area of the aluminum plate. There are three fracture models of the countersunk rivet REW joint under a tensile-shear force: the interface failure fracture model, the fusion pullout failure fracture model, and the heat-affected zone failure fracture model. At a welding current of 18 kA, the nugget pullout failure mode is observed, and the best mechanical properties of the joint are obtained. The shear resistance of the joint can reach up to 5712 N.
{"title":"Microstructural and mechanical characterization of steel-DP780/Al-5052 joints formed using resistance element welding with concealed rivet cover","authors":"Wanyu Cai, Qi Chen, Yijin Wang, S. Dong, P. Luo","doi":"10.1177/26349833221101076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/26349833221101076","url":null,"abstract":"Resistance element welding (REW) with a concealed rivet cover (Q235) was used to join steel-DP780 and Al-5052. The macroscopic morphology and the microstructure were observed using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical properties of the joint were also tested. The results show that the intermetallic compound (IMC) formed at the Q235/Al interface is FeAl3, while the IMCs formed at the DP780/Al interface are Fe2Al5 and FeAl3. The welding current has a significant influence on the nugget size, peak load, average hardness of aluminum heat-affected zone, and the bearing area of the aluminum plate. There are three fracture models of the countersunk rivet REW joint under a tensile-shear force: the interface failure fracture model, the fusion pullout failure fracture model, and the heat-affected zone failure fracture model. At a welding current of 18 kA, the nugget pullout failure mode is observed, and the best mechanical properties of the joint are obtained. The shear resistance of the joint can reach up to 5712 N.","PeriodicalId":10608,"journal":{"name":"Composites and Advanced Materials","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81898829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1177/26349833221103888
Md.Zahid Hasan, Yeasin Arafat, M. M. Bashar, Md. Nabi Newaz Niloy, Md Imranul Islam, S. Khandaker, Amrita S. Chowdhury
Bio-based materials have attracted ample research interest due to their intrinsic beneficial impact on human society. Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) extracted from a variety of bioresources is one of the most prominent candidate in this regard. Herein, the MCC was synthesized from jute fiber by a facile ammonium persulfate (APS) oxidation method resulting in carboxylic functional groups on the fiber surface. The carboxylated MCC was utilized to develop polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite films in a solution casting method. The surface chemistry, thermal properties, and surface morphology of MCC and MCC-PVA composite films were studied by FT-IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The SEM images confirmed the rod-like MCC with average particle diameter 4.6 μm and length in 48.4 μm. The FT-IR spectroscopy suggested the complete removal of lignin and hemicellulose from jute fiber. A peak at 1730 cm−1 was introduced in MCC due to oxidation with APS. The MCC was readily dispersible in water, and chemical interaction with –OH group of PVA was spontaneous due to the carboxylation in MCC. The absorption peak of –OH groups in MCC-PVA composite films were shifted, somewhat disappeared and weakened due to the intra and intermolecular hydrogen bonding of MCC and OH groups in PVA. Thermogravimetric analysis expressed the thermal behavior of MCC and MCC-PVA composite films. The char formation at 500°C of the two different composite films was 15% and 16%, respectively. The stability of MCC-PVA composite films at elevated temperatures is the indication of potential application as flame retardant material.
{"title":"Poly-(vinyl alcohol) composite films reinforced with carboxylated functional microcrystalline cellulose from jute fiber","authors":"Md.Zahid Hasan, Yeasin Arafat, M. M. Bashar, Md. Nabi Newaz Niloy, Md Imranul Islam, S. Khandaker, Amrita S. Chowdhury","doi":"10.1177/26349833221103888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/26349833221103888","url":null,"abstract":"Bio-based materials have attracted ample research interest due to their intrinsic beneficial impact on human society. Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) extracted from a variety of bioresources is one of the most prominent candidate in this regard. Herein, the MCC was synthesized from jute fiber by a facile ammonium persulfate (APS) oxidation method resulting in carboxylic functional groups on the fiber surface. The carboxylated MCC was utilized to develop polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite films in a solution casting method. The surface chemistry, thermal properties, and surface morphology of MCC and MCC-PVA composite films were studied by FT-IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The SEM images confirmed the rod-like MCC with average particle diameter 4.6 μm and length in 48.4 μm. The FT-IR spectroscopy suggested the complete removal of lignin and hemicellulose from jute fiber. A peak at 1730 cm−1 was introduced in MCC due to oxidation with APS. The MCC was readily dispersible in water, and chemical interaction with –OH group of PVA was spontaneous due to the carboxylation in MCC. The absorption peak of –OH groups in MCC-PVA composite films were shifted, somewhat disappeared and weakened due to the intra and intermolecular hydrogen bonding of MCC and OH groups in PVA. Thermogravimetric analysis expressed the thermal behavior of MCC and MCC-PVA composite films. The char formation at 500°C of the two different composite films was 15% and 16%, respectively. The stability of MCC-PVA composite films at elevated temperatures is the indication of potential application as flame retardant material.","PeriodicalId":10608,"journal":{"name":"Composites and Advanced Materials","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76162477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1177/26349833221077701
I. Oladele, Simbiat Olawunmi Aliu, A. S. Taiwo, N. I. Agbeboh
One of the main purposes of this research is to control environmental pollution and mitigate the impact of ignorantly discarded waste plastics in the environment through recycling of such plastics and using them to develop innovative composite materials. The present work investigates the influence of stone-dust particles and bagasse fiber on the mechanical and physical properties of reinforced recycled high-density polyethylene bio-composites. The bagasse fiber was first treated with 0.5 m NaOH solution at a temperature of 50°C for 2 h in order to improve the surface morphology and also modified the mechanical properties of the fiber. Likewise, the stone-dust particles were analyzed by using a standard sieve shaker to obtain particle sizes of 75 μm. Both reinforcements were used for composite development through the compression molding technique and the samples were subjected to mechanical and physical properties tests in accordance with standards. Analysis of the results revealed that flexural, hardness, wear, and hydrophobicity of the developed bio-composites were improved by stone-dust particles. The flexural strength at peak and modulus were enhanced by 88% and 92%, respectively. Also, it was discovered that, tensile, impact and thermal conductivity properties of the bio-composites were improved by bagasse fiber. The ultimate tensile strength and Young’s modulus were enhanced by 43% and 34%, respectively. Hence, the blend of these by-products showed that they are potential bio-materials for the development of bio-composites.
本研究的主要目的之一是通过回收废旧塑料并利用其开发创新复合材料，控制环境污染，减轻无知丢弃的废旧塑料对环境的影响。研究了石尘颗粒和甘蔗渣纤维对增强再生高密度聚乙烯生物复合材料力学性能和物理性能的影响。首先将甘蔗渣纤维用0.5 m NaOH溶液在50℃下处理2 h，以改善表面形貌，并改性纤维的力学性能。同样，用标准振动筛对石粉颗粒进行分析，得到粒径为75 μm的颗粒。通过压缩成型技术将两种增强材料用于复合材料的开发，并根据标准对样品进行了机械和物理性能测试。结果表明，石粉颗粒可改善生物复合材料的抗弯性能、硬度、耐磨性和疏水性。峰值抗弯强度和模量分别提高88%和92%。同时还发现，甘蔗渣纤维可以提高生物复合材料的拉伸、冲击和导热性能。抗拉强度和杨氏模量分别提高了43%和34%。因此，这些副产物的共混表明它们是发展生物复合材料的潜在生物材料。
{"title":"Comparative investigation of the influence of stone-dust particles and bagasse fiber on the mechanical and physical properties of reinforced recycled high-density polyethylene bio-composites","authors":"I. Oladele, Simbiat Olawunmi Aliu, A. S. Taiwo, N. I. Agbeboh","doi":"10.1177/26349833221077701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/26349833221077701","url":null,"abstract":"One of the main purposes of this research is to control environmental pollution and mitigate the impact of ignorantly discarded waste plastics in the environment through recycling of such plastics and using them to develop innovative composite materials. The present work investigates the influence of stone-dust particles and bagasse fiber on the mechanical and physical properties of reinforced recycled high-density polyethylene bio-composites. The bagasse fiber was first treated with 0.5 m NaOH solution at a temperature of 50°C for 2 h in order to improve the surface morphology and also modified the mechanical properties of the fiber. Likewise, the stone-dust particles were analyzed by using a standard sieve shaker to obtain particle sizes of 75 μm. Both reinforcements were used for composite development through the compression molding technique and the samples were subjected to mechanical and physical properties tests in accordance with standards. Analysis of the results revealed that flexural, hardness, wear, and hydrophobicity of the developed bio-composites were improved by stone-dust particles. The flexural strength at peak and modulus were enhanced by 88% and 92%, respectively. Also, it was discovered that, tensile, impact and thermal conductivity properties of the bio-composites were improved by bagasse fiber. The ultimate tensile strength and Young’s modulus were enhanced by 43% and 34%, respectively. Hence, the blend of these by-products showed that they are potential bio-materials for the development of bio-composites.","PeriodicalId":10608,"journal":{"name":"Composites and Advanced Materials","volume":"256 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77618446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1177/26349833221091290
A. Ahmed, A. Sadiq, K. Shahzada
This paper presents experimental study on the response of a sustainable structure 3.65 x3.05x3.35 m, made with confined hollow concrete block masonry (CHCBM). The model was tested under quasi-static cyclic test to assess the response against seismic load and to determine the potential vulnerability. Based on test data, envelope curves and bilinear idealized curves were drawn according to both Magenes–Calvi and Elnashai methods. Different performance levels i.e. Immediate Occupancy (IO), Life Safety (LS) and Collapse Prevention (CP) were evaluated based on both methods. Damage pattern and force-deformation behavior of CHCBM building was compared with models of the similar configuration and loading conditions. Similarly values of Response modification factor (R), Displacement Ductility (µD) and Displacement amplification factor (Cd) were calculated and compared with the previously tested models and it confirmed that CHCBM building was ductile and structurally integrated under earthquake loading.
{"title":"Confined hollow concrete block masonry buildings: An experimental approach for vulnerability assessment","authors":"A. Ahmed, A. Sadiq, K. Shahzada","doi":"10.1177/26349833221091290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/26349833221091290","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents experimental study on the response of a sustainable structure 3.65 x3.05x3.35 m, made with confined hollow concrete block masonry (CHCBM). The model was tested under quasi-static cyclic test to assess the response against seismic load and to determine the potential vulnerability. Based on test data, envelope curves and bilinear idealized curves were drawn according to both Magenes–Calvi and Elnashai methods. Different performance levels i.e. Immediate Occupancy (IO), Life Safety (LS) and Collapse Prevention (CP) were evaluated based on both methods. Damage pattern and force-deformation behavior of CHCBM building was compared with models of the similar configuration and loading conditions. Similarly values of Response modification factor (R), Displacement Ductility (µD) and Displacement amplification factor (Cd) were calculated and compared with the previously tested models and it confirmed that CHCBM building was ductile and structurally integrated under earthquake loading.","PeriodicalId":10608,"journal":{"name":"Composites and Advanced Materials","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84737502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1177/26349833221105522
Abraham Murad, Belete Sirahbizu
With its market demand expansion and increased application areas, products of wood-plastic composite (WPC) have been developing and growing rapidly in many countries over the last decades. This paper attempts to investigate the effect of wood species that are waste from the furniture industries on the performance of wood-plastic composites (WPCs). The samples were prepared by varying the wood flour species at 30wt% mixed with 70wt% HDPE (High Density polyethylene). The wood species used for samples preparation are Cordia africana’s /wanza/ wood flour, Austria pine’s wood flour, and the mixture of both wood species flour in 15wt% of each wood species and the resulted composites tensile and impact properties determined. Morphological and water absorption characteristics of these composites were also determined. The composite from the mixture of wood species exhibited best interfacial bonding between matrix and reinforcement that resulted in providing the best water absorption property, and the maximum tensile strength of the composite which is, 15.465 MPa. Compared with the pure HDPE, the reduction of impact strength with the addition of wood was also observed. Wood species in wood-plastic composites are an essential factor for the performance of WPCs.
{"title":"Experimental study on the effect of Cordia africana’s and Austria pine’s wood species on the performance of wood plastic composite","authors":"Abraham Murad, Belete Sirahbizu","doi":"10.1177/26349833221105522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/26349833221105522","url":null,"abstract":"With its market demand expansion and increased application areas, products of wood-plastic composite (WPC) have been developing and growing rapidly in many countries over the last decades. This paper attempts to investigate the effect of wood species that are waste from the furniture industries on the performance of wood-plastic composites (WPCs). The samples were prepared by varying the wood flour species at 30wt% mixed with 70wt% HDPE (High Density polyethylene). The wood species used for samples preparation are Cordia africana’s /wanza/ wood flour, Austria pine’s wood flour, and the mixture of both wood species flour in 15wt% of each wood species and the resulted composites tensile and impact properties determined. Morphological and water absorption characteristics of these composites were also determined. The composite from the mixture of wood species exhibited best interfacial bonding between matrix and reinforcement that resulted in providing the best water absorption property, and the maximum tensile strength of the composite which is, 15.465 MPa. Compared with the pure HDPE, the reduction of impact strength with the addition of wood was also observed. Wood species in wood-plastic composites are an essential factor for the performance of WPCs.","PeriodicalId":10608,"journal":{"name":"Composites and Advanced Materials","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86246082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1177/26349833221132296
A. Özen, D. Auhl
Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is a low-cost additive manufacturing method with moderate tolerances and high design flexibility. Ample studies are being undertaken for modeling the mechanical properties of FDM by using the Finite Element Method (FEM). The process technique of FDM results in anisotropic inner structures that are affected by the chosen manufacturing parameters. Moreover, composite filaments, such as fiber-reinforced polymers, have anisotropy even in filament form before FDM printing. These anisotropic effects are needed to be examined and incorporated for an adequate model. In order to speed up the design stage, we aim to prepare a practical method for simulating the mechanical properties of FDM-printed fiber-reinforced polymer composites. In this work, we computed the homogenized material properties for various fiber lengths, fiber volume percentages, and fiber orientations by asymptotic homogenization at the microscale. Then, mesoscale simulations are carried out through FEM simulations by incorporating the influences of process parameters. In this way, we demonstrate the effect of various micro- and mesostructural features on the homogenized properties step by step.
{"title":"Modeling of the mechanical properties of fused deposition modeling (FDM) printed fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites by asymptotic homogenization","authors":"A. Özen, D. Auhl","doi":"10.1177/26349833221132296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/26349833221132296","url":null,"abstract":"Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is a low-cost additive manufacturing method with moderate tolerances and high design flexibility. Ample studies are being undertaken for modeling the mechanical properties of FDM by using the Finite Element Method (FEM). The process technique of FDM results in anisotropic inner structures that are affected by the chosen manufacturing parameters. Moreover, composite filaments, such as fiber-reinforced polymers, have anisotropy even in filament form before FDM printing. These anisotropic effects are needed to be examined and incorporated for an adequate model. In order to speed up the design stage, we aim to prepare a practical method for simulating the mechanical properties of FDM-printed fiber-reinforced polymer composites. In this work, we computed the homogenized material properties for various fiber lengths, fiber volume percentages, and fiber orientations by asymptotic homogenization at the microscale. Then, mesoscale simulations are carried out through FEM simulations by incorporating the influences of process parameters. In this way, we demonstrate the effect of various micro- and mesostructural features on the homogenized properties step by step.","PeriodicalId":10608,"journal":{"name":"Composites and Advanced Materials","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88903737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1177/26349833211003578
K. Letcham, P. Vincent
The present study investigates the performance of U-type clamp anchorage on external strengthening of reinforced concrete beams using carbon fibre-reinforced polymer composites. Unidirectional carbon fibre was used to strengthen the beam having a cross-section of 150 × 200 mm2 and the fabricated U-type clamp was used as a clamping device to enhance the fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) bonding. To test the beam, four-point bending system was adopted and the experimental parameters were the number of FRP layers. The failure mode of strengthened beams with U-type clamp was very similar (rupture of FRP composites) to the beams without U-type clamp. However, the delamination of FRP was evaded by counteracting the peeling stress development at the edge of fibre. Since the beams strengthened with U-type clamp exhibited more linear behaviour than that of the beams strengthened without U-type clamp, there may be a higher possibility for abrupt/rapid/brittle mode of failure and the ductility index of the beam with U-type clamp confirmed the above behaviour. However, the introduction of U-type clamp enhanced the flexural stiffness and ultimate strength by counteracting the debonding, and the beam with U-type clamp exhibited a maximum of 58.33% and 20.37% enhancement in flexural stiffness and ultimate strength than that of the beam without U-type clamp, respectively. The theoretical strength value of all strengthened beams was evaluated using models proposed in the previous research and compared with experimental results. It is inferred that the use of U-type clamp in FRP strengthening provides economic and structural benefits compared to a beam without U-type clamp.
{"title":"U-type mechanical clamping to anchor the CFRP composites in strengthening of RC beams subjected to bending","authors":"K. Letcham, P. Vincent","doi":"10.1177/26349833211003578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/26349833211003578","url":null,"abstract":"The present study investigates the performance of U-type clamp anchorage on external strengthening of reinforced concrete beams using carbon fibre-reinforced polymer composites. Unidirectional carbon fibre was used to strengthen the beam having a cross-section of 150 × 200 mm2 and the fabricated U-type clamp was used as a clamping device to enhance the fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) bonding. To test the beam, four-point bending system was adopted and the experimental parameters were the number of FRP layers. The failure mode of strengthened beams with U-type clamp was very similar (rupture of FRP composites) to the beams without U-type clamp. However, the delamination of FRP was evaded by counteracting the peeling stress development at the edge of fibre. Since the beams strengthened with U-type clamp exhibited more linear behaviour than that of the beams strengthened without U-type clamp, there may be a higher possibility for abrupt/rapid/brittle mode of failure and the ductility index of the beam with U-type clamp confirmed the above behaviour. However, the introduction of U-type clamp enhanced the flexural stiffness and ultimate strength by counteracting the debonding, and the beam with U-type clamp exhibited a maximum of 58.33% and 20.37% enhancement in flexural stiffness and ultimate strength than that of the beam without U-type clamp, respectively. The theoretical strength value of all strengthened beams was evaluated using models proposed in the previous research and compared with experimental results. It is inferred that the use of U-type clamp in FRP strengthening provides economic and structural benefits compared to a beam without U-type clamp.","PeriodicalId":10608,"journal":{"name":"Composites and Advanced Materials","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78242250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1177/2634983321994745
Jiachang Zhou, Heyi Kang, H. Wei, Hongqun Tang, Xing Ou, Chaoqin Luo
Red mud is a solid waste in the production of alumina from bauxite. Red mud iron alloy (RMIA) is prepared from the red mud and laterite nickel ore via the high-temperature carbothermal reduction smelting and refining. Herein, by adjusting the contents of chromium (Cr) and titanium (Ti) in RMIA, low alloy cast iron with high hardness and wear resistance was obtained. Optical emission spectrometer, optical microscope, scanning electron microscopy, and hardness and two-body wear test were used for characterization. The results show that the addition of either Cr or Ti element can lead to carbide formation and refining of graphite. With an increase in the content of Cr or Ti, the hardness and the wear resistance of the alloy were enhanced, and the effect of Cr element was better than that of Ti element. The optimal microstructure and properties of the alloy were obtained at 4.8%Cr0.36%Ti, at which stage, the network eutectic carbide structure disappeared and evenly distributed in the matrix, and meanwhile, the graphite morphology was refined. The hardness of the alloy was higher than high chromium cast iron (HCCI), and the wear resistance of the modified alloy was better than HCCI under low load. The aim of this work is to provide a reference for the preparation of wear-resistant ferroalloys from the red mud directly via high-temperature carbothermal reduction.
{"title":"Microstructure and wear resistance of red mud iron alloy with chromium and titanium","authors":"Jiachang Zhou, Heyi Kang, H. Wei, Hongqun Tang, Xing Ou, Chaoqin Luo","doi":"10.1177/2634983321994745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2634983321994745","url":null,"abstract":"Red mud is a solid waste in the production of alumina from bauxite. Red mud iron alloy (RMIA) is prepared from the red mud and laterite nickel ore via the high-temperature carbothermal reduction smelting and refining. Herein, by adjusting the contents of chromium (Cr) and titanium (Ti) in RMIA, low alloy cast iron with high hardness and wear resistance was obtained. Optical emission spectrometer, optical microscope, scanning electron microscopy, and hardness and two-body wear test were used for characterization. The results show that the addition of either Cr or Ti element can lead to carbide formation and refining of graphite. With an increase in the content of Cr or Ti, the hardness and the wear resistance of the alloy were enhanced, and the effect of Cr element was better than that of Ti element. The optimal microstructure and properties of the alloy were obtained at 4.8%Cr0.36%Ti, at which stage, the network eutectic carbide structure disappeared and evenly distributed in the matrix, and meanwhile, the graphite morphology was refined. The hardness of the alloy was higher than high chromium cast iron (HCCI), and the wear resistance of the modified alloy was better than HCCI under low load. The aim of this work is to provide a reference for the preparation of wear-resistant ferroalloys from the red mud directly via high-temperature carbothermal reduction.","PeriodicalId":10608,"journal":{"name":"Composites and Advanced Materials","volume":"145 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77965999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1177/2633366X20977496
Dawei Zhang, P. Qu, Yuxi Jia
For predicting the mechanical properties of discontinuous carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastics (DCFRTP), it is essential to consider the microstructure, including the fiber orientation and the properties of the constituting materials. In the present study, a heterogeneous particle model, considering the microscopic factors, is constructed on the basis of the peridynamic (PD) theory to investigate the tensile properties of DCFRTP. Two kinds of randomly oriented DCFRTP, with different constituents and volume fractions of carbon fiber, are used for the verification of this numerical model. A comparison between the PD simulations and the experimental results shows a good agreement. The effect of the model size on the prediction is discussed.
{"title":"A new numerical method for the tensile property analysis of discontinuous fiber-reinforced thermoplastics","authors":"Dawei Zhang, P. Qu, Yuxi Jia","doi":"10.1177/2633366X20977496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2633366X20977496","url":null,"abstract":"For predicting the mechanical properties of discontinuous carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastics (DCFRTP), it is essential to consider the microstructure, including the fiber orientation and the properties of the constituting materials. In the present study, a heterogeneous particle model, considering the microscopic factors, is constructed on the basis of the peridynamic (PD) theory to investigate the tensile properties of DCFRTP. Two kinds of randomly oriented DCFRTP, with different constituents and volume fractions of carbon fiber, are used for the verification of this numerical model. A comparison between the PD simulations and the experimental results shows a good agreement. The effect of the model size on the prediction is discussed.","PeriodicalId":10608,"journal":{"name":"Composites and Advanced Materials","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73942622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1177/26349833211024659
Liang Caiping
Poplar fiber was treated with phosphate solution as a modifier and then wood fiber/high-density polyethylene (HDPE) degradable composite was prepared by melt blending with HDPE. The effects of phosphate solution concentration on tensile strength and flexural strength of composites were investigated. The surface morphology of phosphate-treated poplar fibers was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the phosphate treatment increases the surface roughness of the poplar fiber, increases the strength of the single fiber, and effectively improves the mechanical adhesion to the HDPE matrix. However, when the phosphate concentration is too large, the density of the cellulose molecular chains is lowered, and the mechanical properties of the whole fiber are lowered. When the concentration of phosphate solution is 3%, the treatment time is 4 h, and the treatment temperature is 60°C, the tensile properties, bending properties, and water resistance of poplar fiber/HDPE composites are the best.
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