Akubueze Emmanuel Uzoma, C. F. Nwaeche, Md. Al-Amin, Oluwa Segun Muniru, O. Olatunji, Sixtus Onyedika Nzeh
The integration of sustainable components in automotive parts is in growing demand. This study involves the entire process, from the extraction of kenaf cellulosic fibers to the fabrication of automotive parts by applying injection molding (sample only) and Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) techniques. Fibers were pretreated, followed by moisture content analysis before composite fabrication. The composite was fabricated by integrating the fibers with polypropylene, maleic anhydride polypropylene (MAPP), unsaturated polyester, and epoxy resin. Mechanical tests were done following ASTM D5083, ASTM D256, and ASTM D5229 standards. The RTM technique was applied for the fabrication of parts with reinforced kenaf long bast fibers. RTM indicated a higher tensile strength of 55 MPa at an optimal fiber content of 40%. Fiber content from 10% to 40% was found to be compatible with or better than the control sample in mechanical tests. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images showed both fiber-epoxy-PE bonding along with normal irregularities in the matrix. The finite element simulations for the theoretical analysis of the mechanical performance characteristics showed higher stiffness and strength in the direction parallel to the fiber orientation. This study justifies the competitiveness of sustainable textile fibers as a reinforcement for plastics to use in composite materials for automotive industries.
{"title":"Development of Interior and Exterior Automotive Plastics Parts Using Kenaf Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite","authors":"Akubueze Emmanuel Uzoma, C. F. Nwaeche, Md. Al-Amin, Oluwa Segun Muniru, O. Olatunji, Sixtus Onyedika Nzeh","doi":"10.3390/eng4020096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/eng4020096","url":null,"abstract":"The integration of sustainable components in automotive parts is in growing demand. This study involves the entire process, from the extraction of kenaf cellulosic fibers to the fabrication of automotive parts by applying injection molding (sample only) and Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) techniques. Fibers were pretreated, followed by moisture content analysis before composite fabrication. The composite was fabricated by integrating the fibers with polypropylene, maleic anhydride polypropylene (MAPP), unsaturated polyester, and epoxy resin. Mechanical tests were done following ASTM D5083, ASTM D256, and ASTM D5229 standards. The RTM technique was applied for the fabrication of parts with reinforced kenaf long bast fibers. RTM indicated a higher tensile strength of 55 MPa at an optimal fiber content of 40%. Fiber content from 10% to 40% was found to be compatible with or better than the control sample in mechanical tests. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images showed both fiber-epoxy-PE bonding along with normal irregularities in the matrix. The finite element simulations for the theoretical analysis of the mechanical performance characteristics showed higher stiffness and strength in the direction parallel to the fiber orientation. This study justifies the competitiveness of sustainable textile fibers as a reinforcement for plastics to use in composite materials for automotive industries.","PeriodicalId":10630,"journal":{"name":"Comput. Chem. Eng.","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89395259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, the effects of mean stress and damage accumulation on the fatigue life of springs are theoretically studied. The study examines the fatigue life of homogeneously stressed material subjected to cyclic loading. The mean stress of a load cycle is non-zero. Goodman and Haigh diagrams are commonly used for estimating fatigue life in engineering applications. Alternatively, conventional hypotheses by Smith–Watson–Topper, Walker and Bergmann have been successfully used to describe uniaxial cyclic fatigue with non-zero mean value over the whole range of the fatigue life. However, the physical characteristics of the mean stress sensitivities in these hypotheses are different. The mean stress sensitivity according to Smith–Watson–Topper is identical for all materials and stress levels. This weakness reduces the applicability of the Smith–Watson–Topper parameter. At first glance, the mean stress sensitivities according to Walker and Bergmann are diverse. The mean stress sensitivities depend upon two different additional correction parameters, namely the Bergmann parameter and the Walker exponent. The possibility of fitting the mean stress sensitivity in these hypotheses overcomes the significant drawback of the Smith–Watson–Topper schema. The principal task of this actual study is to reveal the dependence between the Bergmann parameter and the Walker exponent, which leads to a certain mean stress sensitivity. The manuscript establishes the simple relationship between both fitting parameters, which causes the equivalent mean stress sensitivity for the Bergmann and Walker criteria. As known from the state of the technology, fabrication and operation yield several impacts with a significant influence on the fatigue life of springs. One effect deals with the sequence of low and high stress amplitudes and amplitude-dependent damage accumulation. Particularly, during the load cycle a certain microscopical creep occurs. This creep causes damage. The accumulation hypothesis for creep damage is introduced. The hypothesis can be verified experimentally.
{"title":"Effects of Mean Stress and Multiaxial Loading on the Fatigue Life of Springs","authors":"V. Kobelev","doi":"10.3390/eng4020095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/eng4020095","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the effects of mean stress and damage accumulation on the fatigue life of springs are theoretically studied. The study examines the fatigue life of homogeneously stressed material subjected to cyclic loading. The mean stress of a load cycle is non-zero. Goodman and Haigh diagrams are commonly used for estimating fatigue life in engineering applications. Alternatively, conventional hypotheses by Smith–Watson–Topper, Walker and Bergmann have been successfully used to describe uniaxial cyclic fatigue with non-zero mean value over the whole range of the fatigue life. However, the physical characteristics of the mean stress sensitivities in these hypotheses are different. The mean stress sensitivity according to Smith–Watson–Topper is identical for all materials and stress levels. This weakness reduces the applicability of the Smith–Watson–Topper parameter. At first glance, the mean stress sensitivities according to Walker and Bergmann are diverse. The mean stress sensitivities depend upon two different additional correction parameters, namely the Bergmann parameter and the Walker exponent. The possibility of fitting the mean stress sensitivity in these hypotheses overcomes the significant drawback of the Smith–Watson–Topper schema. The principal task of this actual study is to reveal the dependence between the Bergmann parameter and the Walker exponent, which leads to a certain mean stress sensitivity. The manuscript establishes the simple relationship between both fitting parameters, which causes the equivalent mean stress sensitivity for the Bergmann and Walker criteria. As known from the state of the technology, fabrication and operation yield several impacts with a significant influence on the fatigue life of springs. One effect deals with the sequence of low and high stress amplitudes and amplitude-dependent damage accumulation. Particularly, during the load cycle a certain microscopical creep occurs. This creep causes damage. The accumulation hypothesis for creep damage is introduced. The hypothesis can be verified experimentally.","PeriodicalId":10630,"journal":{"name":"Comput. Chem. Eng.","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89089739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joomyung Lee, H. Tayfur, Mostafa M. Hamza, Y. Alzahrani, M. Diaconeasa
This limited-scope study demonstrates the application of probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) methodologies to a spent fuel storage system for spent pebble-filled dry cask with a focus only on the necessary PRA technical elements sufficient to risk-inform the spent fuel storage system design. A dropping canister scenario in a silo of the spent fuel storage system is analyzed through an initiating event (IE) identification from the Master Logic Diagram (MLD); event sequence analysis (ES) by establishing the event tree; data analysis (DA) for event sequence quantification (ESQ) with uncertainty quantification; mechanistic source term (MST) analysis by using ORIGEN; radiological consequence analysis (RC) by deploying MicroShield, and risk integration (RI) by showing the Frequency-Consequence (F-C) target curve in the emergency area boundary (EAB). Additionally, a sensitivity study is conducted using the ordinary least square (OLS) regression method to assess the impact of variables such as failed pebble numbers, their location in the canister, and building wall thickness. Furthermore, the release categories grouped from the end states in the event tree are verified as safety cases through the F-C curve. This study highlights the implementation of PRA elements in a logical and structured manner, using appropriate methodologies and computational tools, thereby showing how to risk-inform the design of a dry cask system for storing spent pebble-filled fuel.
{"title":"A Limited-Scope Probabilistic Risk Assessment Study to Risk-Inform the Design of a Fuel Storage System for Spent Pebble-Filled Dry Casks","authors":"Joomyung Lee, H. Tayfur, Mostafa M. Hamza, Y. Alzahrani, M. Diaconeasa","doi":"10.3390/eng4020094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/eng4020094","url":null,"abstract":"This limited-scope study demonstrates the application of probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) methodologies to a spent fuel storage system for spent pebble-filled dry cask with a focus only on the necessary PRA technical elements sufficient to risk-inform the spent fuel storage system design. A dropping canister scenario in a silo of the spent fuel storage system is analyzed through an initiating event (IE) identification from the Master Logic Diagram (MLD); event sequence analysis (ES) by establishing the event tree; data analysis (DA) for event sequence quantification (ESQ) with uncertainty quantification; mechanistic source term (MST) analysis by using ORIGEN; radiological consequence analysis (RC) by deploying MicroShield, and risk integration (RI) by showing the Frequency-Consequence (F-C) target curve in the emergency area boundary (EAB). Additionally, a sensitivity study is conducted using the ordinary least square (OLS) regression method to assess the impact of variables such as failed pebble numbers, their location in the canister, and building wall thickness. Furthermore, the release categories grouped from the end states in the event tree are verified as safety cases through the F-C curve. This study highlights the implementation of PRA elements in a logical and structured manner, using appropriate methodologies and computational tools, thereby showing how to risk-inform the design of a dry cask system for storing spent pebble-filled fuel.","PeriodicalId":10630,"journal":{"name":"Comput. Chem. Eng.","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83568930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad K. Najjar, Luis Otávio Cocito De Araujo, O. Oladimeji, M. Khalas, Karoline V. Figueiredo, D. Boer, Carlos A. P. Soares, A. Haddad
Construction projects demand a higher amount of energy predominantly for heating, ventilation, and illumination purposes. Modular construction has come into the limelight in recent years as a construction method that uses sustainable building materials and optimizes energy efficiency. Ventilation openings in buildings are designed to facilitate air circulation by naturally driven ventilation and could aid in reducing energy consumption in construction projects. However, a knowledge gap makes it difficult to propose the best dimensions of ventilation openings in buildings. Hence, the aim of this work is to empower the decision-making process in terms of proposing the best ventilation opening dimensions toward sustainable energy use and management in buildings. A novel framework is presented herein to evaluate the impact and propose the best dimensions of ventilation openings for metal frame modular construction in Brazil, using building information modeling. The ventilation openings were constructed and their dimensions evaluated in eight Brazilian cities, based on the bioclimatic zone (BioZ) classification indicated in ABNT NBR 15220: Curitiba (1st BioZ); Rio Negro (2nd BioZ); São Paulo (3rd BioZ); Brasília (4th BioZ); Campos (5th BioZ); Paranaíbe (6th BioZ); Goiás (7th BioZ); and Rio de Janeiro (8th BioZ). The study results show that the energy consumption of the same building model would vary based on the dimensions of ventilation openings for each BioZ in Brazil. For instance, modeling the same modular construction unit in the city of Rio Negro could consume around 50% of the energy compared to the same unit constructed in the city of Rio de Janeiro, using the small opening sizes based on the smallest dimensions of the ventilation openings. Similarly, modeling the construction unit in Curitiba, São Paulo, Brasília, Campos, Paranaíba, and Goiás could reduce energy consumption by around 40%, 34%, 36%, 18%, 20%, and 16%, respectively, compared to constructing the same building in the city of Rio de Janeiro, using the small opening sizes based on the smallest dimensions of the ventilation openings. This work could help practitioners and professionals in modular construction projects to design the best dimensions of the ventilation openings based on each BioZ towards increasing energy efficiency and sustainability.
{"title":"Influence of Ventilation Openings on the Energy Efficiency of Metal Frame Modular Constructions in Brazil Using BIM","authors":"Mohammad K. Najjar, Luis Otávio Cocito De Araujo, O. Oladimeji, M. Khalas, Karoline V. Figueiredo, D. Boer, Carlos A. P. Soares, A. Haddad","doi":"10.3390/eng4020093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/eng4020093","url":null,"abstract":"Construction projects demand a higher amount of energy predominantly for heating, ventilation, and illumination purposes. Modular construction has come into the limelight in recent years as a construction method that uses sustainable building materials and optimizes energy efficiency. Ventilation openings in buildings are designed to facilitate air circulation by naturally driven ventilation and could aid in reducing energy consumption in construction projects. However, a knowledge gap makes it difficult to propose the best dimensions of ventilation openings in buildings. Hence, the aim of this work is to empower the decision-making process in terms of proposing the best ventilation opening dimensions toward sustainable energy use and management in buildings. A novel framework is presented herein to evaluate the impact and propose the best dimensions of ventilation openings for metal frame modular construction in Brazil, using building information modeling. The ventilation openings were constructed and their dimensions evaluated in eight Brazilian cities, based on the bioclimatic zone (BioZ) classification indicated in ABNT NBR 15220: Curitiba (1st BioZ); Rio Negro (2nd BioZ); São Paulo (3rd BioZ); Brasília (4th BioZ); Campos (5th BioZ); Paranaíbe (6th BioZ); Goiás (7th BioZ); and Rio de Janeiro (8th BioZ). The study results show that the energy consumption of the same building model would vary based on the dimensions of ventilation openings for each BioZ in Brazil. For instance, modeling the same modular construction unit in the city of Rio Negro could consume around 50% of the energy compared to the same unit constructed in the city of Rio de Janeiro, using the small opening sizes based on the smallest dimensions of the ventilation openings. Similarly, modeling the construction unit in Curitiba, São Paulo, Brasília, Campos, Paranaíba, and Goiás could reduce energy consumption by around 40%, 34%, 36%, 18%, 20%, and 16%, respectively, compared to constructing the same building in the city of Rio de Janeiro, using the small opening sizes based on the smallest dimensions of the ventilation openings. This work could help practitioners and professionals in modular construction projects to design the best dimensions of the ventilation openings based on each BioZ towards increasing energy efficiency and sustainability.","PeriodicalId":10630,"journal":{"name":"Comput. Chem. Eng.","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74037814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Skid resistance of a road pavement surface is the force developed when a tyre is prevented from rotating and slides along the pavement surface. This property comes from the combination of the macro- and micro-texture of pavement. The skid resistance of an asphalt pavement is an important parameter influencing driving safety on a road since there is a proven relationship between skid resistance and accident parameters. This paper deals with the measurement principle of pavement skid resistance (surface friction) including longitudinal and transverse friction. A high number of measuring devices of skid resistance are also introduced, highlighting their advantages and limitations. Moreover, the measurement policies in the European Union and in Hungary are outlined. Pavement surface texture is investigated, dealing with the levels of surface texture, the most common measuring techniques, the macro-texture features of asphalt types, as well as the Hungarian regulation in the field. As a related topic, the aggregate properties and their implication in the relevant Hungarian specification are introduced briefly as well. Some outcomes of the EU’s COST Action 354 on the development of unified European macro-roughness and skid resistance performance indicators and indices are also presented.
{"title":"Skid Resistance of Asphalt Pavements","authors":"S. Rosta, L. Gáspár","doi":"10.3390/eng4020091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/eng4020091","url":null,"abstract":"Skid resistance of a road pavement surface is the force developed when a tyre is prevented from rotating and slides along the pavement surface. This property comes from the combination of the macro- and micro-texture of pavement. The skid resistance of an asphalt pavement is an important parameter influencing driving safety on a road since there is a proven relationship between skid resistance and accident parameters. This paper deals with the measurement principle of pavement skid resistance (surface friction) including longitudinal and transverse friction. A high number of measuring devices of skid resistance are also introduced, highlighting their advantages and limitations. Moreover, the measurement policies in the European Union and in Hungary are outlined. Pavement surface texture is investigated, dealing with the levels of surface texture, the most common measuring techniques, the macro-texture features of asphalt types, as well as the Hungarian regulation in the field. As a related topic, the aggregate properties and their implication in the relevant Hungarian specification are introduced briefly as well. Some outcomes of the EU’s COST Action 354 on the development of unified European macro-roughness and skid resistance performance indicators and indices are also presented.","PeriodicalId":10630,"journal":{"name":"Comput. Chem. Eng.","volume":"125 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72659129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carlos A. García-Pintos, Noé G. Aldana-Murillo, Emmanuel Ovalle-Magallanes, Edgar A. Martínez
Visual map-based robot navigation is a strategy that only uses the robot vision system, involving four fundamental stages: learning or mapping, localization, planning, and navigation. Therefore, it is paramount to model the environment optimally to perform the aforementioned stages. In this paper, we propose a novel framework to generate a visual map for environments both indoors and outdoors. The visual map comprises key images sharing visual information between consecutive key images. This learning stage employs a pre-trained local feature transformer (LoFTR) constrained with a 3D projective transformation (a fundamental matrix) between two consecutive key images. Outliers are efficiently detected using marginalizing sample consensus (MAGSAC) while estimating the fundamental matrix. We conducted extensive experiments to validate our approach in six different datasets and compare its performance against hand-crafted methods.
{"title":"A Deep Learning-Based Visual Map Generation for Mobile Robot Navigation","authors":"Carlos A. García-Pintos, Noé G. Aldana-Murillo, Emmanuel Ovalle-Magallanes, Edgar A. Martínez","doi":"10.3390/eng4020092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/eng4020092","url":null,"abstract":"Visual map-based robot navigation is a strategy that only uses the robot vision system, involving four fundamental stages: learning or mapping, localization, planning, and navigation. Therefore, it is paramount to model the environment optimally to perform the aforementioned stages. In this paper, we propose a novel framework to generate a visual map for environments both indoors and outdoors. The visual map comprises key images sharing visual information between consecutive key images. This learning stage employs a pre-trained local feature transformer (LoFTR) constrained with a 3D projective transformation (a fundamental matrix) between two consecutive key images. Outliers are efficiently detected using marginalizing sample consensus (MAGSAC) while estimating the fundamental matrix. We conducted extensive experiments to validate our approach in six different datasets and compare its performance against hand-crafted methods.","PeriodicalId":10630,"journal":{"name":"Comput. Chem. Eng.","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83809911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimal design of offshore wind power farm in high resolution using geographical information system","authors":"Sunwoo Kim, S. Kang, Jay Lee","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4064501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4064501","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10630,"journal":{"name":"Comput. Chem. Eng.","volume":"6 1","pages":"108253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82776443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cold weather conditions pose significant challenges to the performance and durability of concrete materials, construction processes, and structures. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the material-related challenges in cold weather concrete construction, including slow setting, reduced curing rate, and slower strength development, as well as frost damage, early freezing, and freeze–thaw actions. Various innovative materials and technologies may be implemented to address these challenges, such as optimizing the concrete mix proportions, chemical admixtures, supplementary cementitious materials, and advanced construction techniques. The paper also examines the impact of weather-related challenges for personnel, equipment, and machinery in cold environments and highlights the importance of effective planning, communication, and management strategies. Results indicate that the successful implementation of appropriate strategies can mitigate the challenges, reduce construction time, and enhance the performance, durability, and sustainability of concrete structures in cold and freezing temperatures. The paper emphasizes the importance of staying updated about the latest advancements and best practices in the field. Future trends include the development of smart and functional concrete materials, advanced manufacturing and construction techniques, integrated design, and optimization of tools, all with a strong focus on sustainability and resilience.
{"title":"An Overview of Smart Materials and Technologies for Concrete Construction in Cold Weather","authors":"J. Nilimaa, Vasiola Zhaka","doi":"10.3390/eng4020089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/eng4020089","url":null,"abstract":"Cold weather conditions pose significant challenges to the performance and durability of concrete materials, construction processes, and structures. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the material-related challenges in cold weather concrete construction, including slow setting, reduced curing rate, and slower strength development, as well as frost damage, early freezing, and freeze–thaw actions. Various innovative materials and technologies may be implemented to address these challenges, such as optimizing the concrete mix proportions, chemical admixtures, supplementary cementitious materials, and advanced construction techniques. The paper also examines the impact of weather-related challenges for personnel, equipment, and machinery in cold environments and highlights the importance of effective planning, communication, and management strategies. Results indicate that the successful implementation of appropriate strategies can mitigate the challenges, reduce construction time, and enhance the performance, durability, and sustainability of concrete structures in cold and freezing temperatures. The paper emphasizes the importance of staying updated about the latest advancements and best practices in the field. Future trends include the development of smart and functional concrete materials, advanced manufacturing and construction techniques, integrated design, and optimization of tools, all with a strong focus on sustainability and resilience.","PeriodicalId":10630,"journal":{"name":"Comput. Chem. Eng.","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90456049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods have gained increased attention in sustainable engineering, where complex decision-making problems require consideration of multiple criteria and stakeholder perspectives. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of the different MCDM methods, their applications in sustainable engineering, and their strengths and weaknesses. The paper discusses the concept of sustainable engineering, its principles, and the different areas where MCDM methods have been applied, including energy, manufacturing, transportation, and environmental engineering. Case studies of real-world applications are presented and analyzed, highlighting the main findings and implications for engineering practice. Finally, the challenges and limitations of MCDM methods in sustainable engineering are discussed, and future research directions are proposed. This review contributes to the understanding of the role of MCDM methods in sustainable engineering and provides guidance for researchers and practitioners.
{"title":"Integrating Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Methods with Sustainable Engineering: A Comprehensive Review of Current Practices","authors":"Anđelka Štilić, A. Puška","doi":"10.3390/eng4020088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/eng4020088","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods have gained increased attention in sustainable engineering, where complex decision-making problems require consideration of multiple criteria and stakeholder perspectives. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of the different MCDM methods, their applications in sustainable engineering, and their strengths and weaknesses. The paper discusses the concept of sustainable engineering, its principles, and the different areas where MCDM methods have been applied, including energy, manufacturing, transportation, and environmental engineering. Case studies of real-world applications are presented and analyzed, highlighting the main findings and implications for engineering practice. Finally, the challenges and limitations of MCDM methods in sustainable engineering are discussed, and future research directions are proposed. This review contributes to the understanding of the role of MCDM methods in sustainable engineering and provides guidance for researchers and practitioners.","PeriodicalId":10630,"journal":{"name":"Comput. Chem. Eng.","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75156392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexis Vázquez-Ramírez, Dante Mújica-Vargas, Antonio Luna-Álvarez, Manuel Matuz-Cruz, J. J. Rubio
This paper presents a novel methodology for the early detection of oil palm bud degeneration based on computer vision. The proposed system uses the YOLO algorithm to detect diseased plants within the bud by analyzing images captured by a drone within the crop. Our system uses a drone equipped with a Jetson Nano embedded system to obtain complete images of crops with a 75% reduction in time and with 40% more accuracy compared to the traditional method. As a result, our system achieves a precision of 92% and a recall of 96%, indicating a high detection rate and a low false-positive rate. In real-time detection, the system is able to effectively detect diseased plants by monitoring an entire hectare of crops in 25 min. The system is also able to detect diseased plants other than those it was trained on with 43% precision. These results suggest that our methodology provides an effective and reliable means of early detection of bud degeneration in oil palm crops, which can prevent the spread of pests and improve crop production.
{"title":"Real-Time Detection of Bud Degeneration in Oil Palms Using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle","authors":"Alexis Vázquez-Ramírez, Dante Mújica-Vargas, Antonio Luna-Álvarez, Manuel Matuz-Cruz, J. J. Rubio","doi":"10.3390/eng4020090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/eng4020090","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a novel methodology for the early detection of oil palm bud degeneration based on computer vision. The proposed system uses the YOLO algorithm to detect diseased plants within the bud by analyzing images captured by a drone within the crop. Our system uses a drone equipped with a Jetson Nano embedded system to obtain complete images of crops with a 75% reduction in time and with 40% more accuracy compared to the traditional method. As a result, our system achieves a precision of 92% and a recall of 96%, indicating a high detection rate and a low false-positive rate. In real-time detection, the system is able to effectively detect diseased plants by monitoring an entire hectare of crops in 25 min. The system is also able to detect diseased plants other than those it was trained on with 43% precision. These results suggest that our methodology provides an effective and reliable means of early detection of bud degeneration in oil palm crops, which can prevent the spread of pests and improve crop production.","PeriodicalId":10630,"journal":{"name":"Comput. Chem. Eng.","volume":"348 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91520145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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