This article examines the comparative effectiveness of three indoor node localization techniques—Multilateration, the Weighted Centroid algorithm, and Grid-based Received Signal Strength (RSS)—in wireless networking applications. The comparison is based on their performance against localization accuracy using RSS Indicator (RSSI) data in three experiments. The experiments utilized internally generated or real-world datasets with RSSI values for the unknown tag nodes. The datasets were obtained from various sources and evaluated in different scenarios to determine the efficiency of the three localization techniques. The results were evaluated and compared using mean error and standard deviation metrics. The findings indicate that trilateration achieves superior localization accuracy and precision in a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) environment compared to Wi-Fi and ZigBee. The Centroid technique showed the highest resistance to noise and outliers but is positioned biased (unlike Trilateration). Besides that, the Grid-based RSS technique is highly sensitive to noise, and theoretical RSS. These findings can greatly assist researchers and network operators in carefully selecting the most suitable localization technique for their wireless networking applications, taking into account the specific wireless technology utilized and their unique needs and limitations.
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Indoor Localization across Various Wireless Technologies","authors":"Amanpreet Singh, Matin Emam, Yaser Al Mtawa","doi":"10.3390/eng4030131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/eng4030131","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the comparative effectiveness of three indoor node localization techniques—Multilateration, the Weighted Centroid algorithm, and Grid-based Received Signal Strength (RSS)—in wireless networking applications. The comparison is based on their performance against localization accuracy using RSS Indicator (RSSI) data in three experiments. The experiments utilized internally generated or real-world datasets with RSSI values for the unknown tag nodes. The datasets were obtained from various sources and evaluated in different scenarios to determine the efficiency of the three localization techniques. The results were evaluated and compared using mean error and standard deviation metrics. The findings indicate that trilateration achieves superior localization accuracy and precision in a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) environment compared to Wi-Fi and ZigBee. The Centroid technique showed the highest resistance to noise and outliers but is positioned biased (unlike Trilateration). Besides that, the Grid-based RSS technique is highly sensitive to noise, and theoretical RSS. These findings can greatly assist researchers and network operators in carefully selecting the most suitable localization technique for their wireless networking applications, taking into account the specific wireless technology utilized and their unique needs and limitations.","PeriodicalId":10630,"journal":{"name":"Comput. Chem. Eng.","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80153133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Esteban A. Soto, Alexander Vizcarrondo Ortega, Andrea Hernandez, L. Bosman
As photovoltaics (PV), also known as solar electricity, has been growing over the years, the energy markets have been gradually moving toward decentralization. However, recent media accusations suggest that decentralized renewable energy is slowly becoming unpopular because of the hidden fees being charged to owners of installed PV systems. In response, this paper investigates the potential for alternative approaches to incentivize owners using peer-to-peer (P2P) sharing. This study provides an analytical comparison between the use of the P2P mechanism, the net-metering mechanism, and a combination of these in the commercial sector. Through the use of a simulation, this case study presents the possible outcomes of the implementation of these models in a microgrid. Using technical and economic indexes the comparison was made by looking at the following indexes: peak power, energy balance, economic benefit, and transaction index. Based on a microgrid of 28 commercial buildings, readings of consumption were taken at intervals of one hour, and a Python model was made to find PV size and compare trading mechanisms. It was found that the combination of P2P and net-metering had the best overall performance, followed by net-metering itself, with the best season being all for both, and summer for net-metering by itself. This shows that a P2P model implemented in a microgrid helps create more energy balance, although the combination would achieve the highest performance. This study can be used by policymakers for proposing renewable energy policies and regulations that are more beneficial to all prosumers and consumers.
{"title":"Commercial Level Analysis of P2P vs. Net-Metering Comparing Economic and Technical Indexes","authors":"Esteban A. Soto, Alexander Vizcarrondo Ortega, Andrea Hernandez, L. Bosman","doi":"10.3390/eng4030129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/eng4030129","url":null,"abstract":"As photovoltaics (PV), also known as solar electricity, has been growing over the years, the energy markets have been gradually moving toward decentralization. However, recent media accusations suggest that decentralized renewable energy is slowly becoming unpopular because of the hidden fees being charged to owners of installed PV systems. In response, this paper investigates the potential for alternative approaches to incentivize owners using peer-to-peer (P2P) sharing. This study provides an analytical comparison between the use of the P2P mechanism, the net-metering mechanism, and a combination of these in the commercial sector. Through the use of a simulation, this case study presents the possible outcomes of the implementation of these models in a microgrid. Using technical and economic indexes the comparison was made by looking at the following indexes: peak power, energy balance, economic benefit, and transaction index. Based on a microgrid of 28 commercial buildings, readings of consumption were taken at intervals of one hour, and a Python model was made to find PV size and compare trading mechanisms. It was found that the combination of P2P and net-metering had the best overall performance, followed by net-metering itself, with the best season being all for both, and summer for net-metering by itself. This shows that a P2P model implemented in a microgrid helps create more energy balance, although the combination would achieve the highest performance. This study can be used by policymakers for proposing renewable energy policies and regulations that are more beneficial to all prosumers and consumers.","PeriodicalId":10630,"journal":{"name":"Comput. Chem. Eng.","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73539700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents a new methodology to evaluate the performance of an electric vehicle hybrid power system consisting of a fuel cell and a supercapacitor. The study compares the results to those obtained for a battery electric vehicle. The methodology extends to three driving modes, ECO, NORMAL, and SPORT, corresponding to conservative, moderate, and aggressive acceleration, and three driving conditions, low, medium, and high energy demand. We develop a simulation process to evaluate the energy consumption and the energy rate of a specific electric vehicle used as a prototype for the study. The methodology applies to a driving route that includes acceleration, deceleration, braking, and constant speed segments, reproducing standard driving conditions in urban journeys. The proposed method considers combined driving modes, ECO, NORMAL, and SPORT, in each acceleration process, with variable fractions, from 0% to 100%, for each mode. This methodology optimizes the simulation results for the current driving patterns in urban environments. The simulation results show an average reduction in energy consumption of 37% and 27.1% in vehicle weight, contributing to lower energy use. The study concludes that using a hybrid power system, a fuel cell/supercapacitor, instead of a battery in electric vehicles is beneficial, especially in journeys with frequent acceleration processes.
{"title":"Performance Analysis of Electric Vehicles with a Fuel Cell–Supercapacitor Hybrid System","authors":"C. Armenta-Déu, Alejandro Arenas","doi":"10.3390/eng4030130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/eng4030130","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new methodology to evaluate the performance of an electric vehicle hybrid power system consisting of a fuel cell and a supercapacitor. The study compares the results to those obtained for a battery electric vehicle. The methodology extends to three driving modes, ECO, NORMAL, and SPORT, corresponding to conservative, moderate, and aggressive acceleration, and three driving conditions, low, medium, and high energy demand. We develop a simulation process to evaluate the energy consumption and the energy rate of a specific electric vehicle used as a prototype for the study. The methodology applies to a driving route that includes acceleration, deceleration, braking, and constant speed segments, reproducing standard driving conditions in urban journeys. The proposed method considers combined driving modes, ECO, NORMAL, and SPORT, in each acceleration process, with variable fractions, from 0% to 100%, for each mode. This methodology optimizes the simulation results for the current driving patterns in urban environments. The simulation results show an average reduction in energy consumption of 37% and 27.1% in vehicle weight, contributing to lower energy use. The study concludes that using a hybrid power system, a fuel cell/supercapacitor, instead of a battery in electric vehicles is beneficial, especially in journeys with frequent acceleration processes.","PeriodicalId":10630,"journal":{"name":"Comput. Chem. Eng.","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75620950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Rossi, Adriano Silva de Carvalho, Vinicius Moura de Oliveira, Alex Sander Clemente De Souza, C. H. Martins
Lateral distortional buckling (LDB) is an instability phenomenon characteristic of steel-concrete composite beams (SCCB) that occurs in the presence of hogging moments in regions close to internal supports. The LDB behavior in SCCB is not yet fully understood. The procedures for determining the LDB strength are based on the classic lateral torsional buckling theory or on the inverted U-frame model. In addition, the standard procedures make use of the classic design curves of the SSRC (Structural Stability Research Council) and ECCS (European Convention for Constructional Steelwork) developed to analyze the stability behavior of steel elements. However, studies indicate that the use of the same empirical curves obtained for the analysis of steel elements leads to the conservative results of the LDB strength in SCCB. Therefore, this article aims to assess the LDB strength in SCCB through the development of post-buckling numerical analysis using the ABAQUS software. In the parametric study, four types of steel with different mechanical properties were analyzed. In addition, the I-section, the unrestrained length, and the reinforcement rate in the concrete slab were varied. The results showed the influence of the steel type on the LDB strength and deviations from the standard procedures. A small influence of the longitudinal reinforcement area variation was verified in the LDB strength in the FE analyses; however, this factor is significantly important in the standard procedures, causing considerable divergences. These results can provide a reference for future research and specification reviews.
{"title":"A Parametric Study on the LDB Strength of Steel-Concrete Composite Beams","authors":"A. Rossi, Adriano Silva de Carvalho, Vinicius Moura de Oliveira, Alex Sander Clemente De Souza, C. H. Martins","doi":"10.3390/eng4030128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/eng4030128","url":null,"abstract":"Lateral distortional buckling (LDB) is an instability phenomenon characteristic of steel-concrete composite beams (SCCB) that occurs in the presence of hogging moments in regions close to internal supports. The LDB behavior in SCCB is not yet fully understood. The procedures for determining the LDB strength are based on the classic lateral torsional buckling theory or on the inverted U-frame model. In addition, the standard procedures make use of the classic design curves of the SSRC (Structural Stability Research Council) and ECCS (European Convention for Constructional Steelwork) developed to analyze the stability behavior of steel elements. However, studies indicate that the use of the same empirical curves obtained for the analysis of steel elements leads to the conservative results of the LDB strength in SCCB. Therefore, this article aims to assess the LDB strength in SCCB through the development of post-buckling numerical analysis using the ABAQUS software. In the parametric study, four types of steel with different mechanical properties were analyzed. In addition, the I-section, the unrestrained length, and the reinforcement rate in the concrete slab were varied. The results showed the influence of the steel type on the LDB strength and deviations from the standard procedures. A small influence of the longitudinal reinforcement area variation was verified in the LDB strength in the FE analyses; however, this factor is significantly important in the standard procedures, causing considerable divergences. These results can provide a reference for future research and specification reviews.","PeriodicalId":10630,"journal":{"name":"Comput. Chem. Eng.","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83349934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. González, J. García-Cascallana, Javier Gutiérrez-Bravo, X. Gómez
The study examines decentralized waste treatment in an urban setting with a high-density population of 2500 inhab./km2. The co-digestion of food and garden waste was assumed by using several mid-size digesters, while centralized biogas and digestate valorization was considered. The studied configuration generates electricity and thermal energy, covering 1.3% of the residential electricity demand and 3.2% of thermal demand. The use of double-turbocharged engines under the most favorable scenario aids cities in reaching sustainability goals. However, the location of treatment plants is a factor that may raise social discomfort and cause a nuisance to citizens. Locating waste plants near residential areas causes discomfort due to possible odors, gaseous emissions, and housing market distortions. Such problematic aspects must be addressed for the decentralized alternative to work. These factors are of great relevance and must be given a practical solution if the circular economic model is to be implemented by considering the insertion of waste streams into the production system and generating local energy sources and raw materials.
{"title":"Decentralized Biogas Production in Urban Areas: Studying the Feasibility of Using High-Efficiency Engines","authors":"R. González, J. García-Cascallana, Javier Gutiérrez-Bravo, X. Gómez","doi":"10.3390/eng4030127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/eng4030127","url":null,"abstract":"The study examines decentralized waste treatment in an urban setting with a high-density population of 2500 inhab./km2. The co-digestion of food and garden waste was assumed by using several mid-size digesters, while centralized biogas and digestate valorization was considered. The studied configuration generates electricity and thermal energy, covering 1.3% of the residential electricity demand and 3.2% of thermal demand. The use of double-turbocharged engines under the most favorable scenario aids cities in reaching sustainability goals. However, the location of treatment plants is a factor that may raise social discomfort and cause a nuisance to citizens. Locating waste plants near residential areas causes discomfort due to possible odors, gaseous emissions, and housing market distortions. Such problematic aspects must be addressed for the decentralized alternative to work. These factors are of great relevance and must be given a practical solution if the circular economic model is to be implemented by considering the insertion of waste streams into the production system and generating local energy sources and raw materials.","PeriodicalId":10630,"journal":{"name":"Comput. Chem. Eng.","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82290725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The authors present a case study of the investigation of a transient signal that appeared in the testing of a radar receiver. The characteristics of the test conditions and data are first discussed. The authors then proceed to outline the methods for detecting and analyzing transients in the data. For this, they consider several methods based on modern signal processing and evaluate their utility. The initial method used for identifying transients is based on computer vision techniques, specifically, thresholding spectrograms into binary images, morphological processing, and object boundary extraction. The authors also consider deep learning methods and methods related to optimal statistical detection. For the latter approach, since the transient in this case was chirp-like, the method of maximum likelihood is used to estimate its parameters. Each approach is evaluated, followed by a discussion of how the results could be extended to analysis and detection of other types of transient radio-frequency interference (RFI). The authors find that computer vision, deep learning, and statistical detection methods are all useful. However, each is best used at different stages of the investigation when a transient appears in data. Computer vision is particularly useful when little is known about the transient, while traditional statistically optimal detection can be quite accurate once the structure of the transient is known and its parameters estimated.
{"title":"Assessment of Techniques for Detection of Transient Radio-Frequency Interference (RFI) Signals: A Case Study of a Transient in Radar Test Data","authors":"S. Durden, V. Vilnrotter, S. Shaffer","doi":"10.3390/eng4030126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/eng4030126","url":null,"abstract":"The authors present a case study of the investigation of a transient signal that appeared in the testing of a radar receiver. The characteristics of the test conditions and data are first discussed. The authors then proceed to outline the methods for detecting and analyzing transients in the data. For this, they consider several methods based on modern signal processing and evaluate their utility. The initial method used for identifying transients is based on computer vision techniques, specifically, thresholding spectrograms into binary images, morphological processing, and object boundary extraction. The authors also consider deep learning methods and methods related to optimal statistical detection. For the latter approach, since the transient in this case was chirp-like, the method of maximum likelihood is used to estimate its parameters. Each approach is evaluated, followed by a discussion of how the results could be extended to analysis and detection of other types of transient radio-frequency interference (RFI). The authors find that computer vision, deep learning, and statistical detection methods are all useful. However, each is best used at different stages of the investigation when a transient appears in data. Computer vision is particularly useful when little is known about the transient, while traditional statistically optimal detection can be quite accurate once the structure of the transient is known and its parameters estimated.","PeriodicalId":10630,"journal":{"name":"Comput. Chem. Eng.","volume":"190 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91466545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thermal images are highly dependent on outside environmental conditions. This paper proposes a method for improving the accuracy of the measured outside temperature on buildings with different surrounding parameters, such as air humidity, external temperature, and distance to the object. A model was proposed for improving thermal image quality based on KMeans and the modified generative adversarial network (GAN) structure. It uses a set of images collected for objects exposed to different outside conditions in terms of the required weather recommendations for the measurements. This method improves the diagnosis of thermal deficiencies in buildings. Its results point to the probability that areas of heat loss match multiple infrared measurements with inconsistent contrast for the same object. The model shows that comparable accuracy and higher matching were reached. This model enables effective and accurate infrared image analysis for buildings where repeated survey output shows large discrepancies in measured surface temperatures due to material properties.
{"title":"Energy Efficiency Assessment for Buildings Based on the Generative Adversarial Network Structure","authors":"Ivana Walter, Marko Tanaskovic, Miloš Stanković","doi":"10.3390/eng4030125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/eng4030125","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal images are highly dependent on outside environmental conditions. This paper proposes a method for improving the accuracy of the measured outside temperature on buildings with different surrounding parameters, such as air humidity, external temperature, and distance to the object. A model was proposed for improving thermal image quality based on KMeans and the modified generative adversarial network (GAN) structure. It uses a set of images collected for objects exposed to different outside conditions in terms of the required weather recommendations for the measurements. This method improves the diagnosis of thermal deficiencies in buildings. Its results point to the probability that areas of heat loss match multiple infrared measurements with inconsistent contrast for the same object. The model shows that comparable accuracy and higher matching were reached. This model enables effective and accurate infrared image analysis for buildings where repeated survey output shows large discrepancies in measured surface temperatures due to material properties.","PeriodicalId":10630,"journal":{"name":"Comput. Chem. Eng.","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85104325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Sosnin, Egor Berestenko, E. H. A. Mounassar, I. Shorstkii
The tomato processing industry is focused on product yield maximization, keeping energy costs and waste effluents to a minimum while maintaining high product quality. In our study, cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) pretreatment enhanced tomato processing to facilitate peelability, a specific peeling process, and enhance peel drying. Peeling force analysis determined that CAP pretreatment of whole tomatoes improved peelability under the conditions used. The specific peeling force after CAP treatment decreased by more than three times. It was observed that cold atmospheric plasma pretreatment reduced the duration of infrared drying of tomato peels by 18.2%. Along with that, a positive effect on the reduction of the specific energy consumption of peel drying was shown for CAP-pretreated tomato peels. The obtained data show that the technology of cold atmospheric plasma pretreatment, in particular, when processing whole tomatoes and tomato peels, has a promising application in industry, as it can significantly reduce the specific energy consumption for peeling and drying procedures.
{"title":"Cold Plasma Technology for Tomato Processing By-Product Valorization: The Case of Tomato Peeling and Peel Drying","authors":"M. Sosnin, Egor Berestenko, E. H. A. Mounassar, I. Shorstkii","doi":"10.3390/eng4030124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/eng4030124","url":null,"abstract":"The tomato processing industry is focused on product yield maximization, keeping energy costs and waste effluents to a minimum while maintaining high product quality. In our study, cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) pretreatment enhanced tomato processing to facilitate peelability, a specific peeling process, and enhance peel drying. Peeling force analysis determined that CAP pretreatment of whole tomatoes improved peelability under the conditions used. The specific peeling force after CAP treatment decreased by more than three times. It was observed that cold atmospheric plasma pretreatment reduced the duration of infrared drying of tomato peels by 18.2%. Along with that, a positive effect on the reduction of the specific energy consumption of peel drying was shown for CAP-pretreated tomato peels. The obtained data show that the technology of cold atmospheric plasma pretreatment, in particular, when processing whole tomatoes and tomato peels, has a promising application in industry, as it can significantly reduce the specific energy consumption for peeling and drying procedures.","PeriodicalId":10630,"journal":{"name":"Comput. Chem. Eng.","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84546315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Low-cost sorption materials based on the clay mineral of the smectite group—montmorillonite—were used for the removal of radionuclides uranium (VI) and strontium (II) from contaminated water. A wide range of industrial methods such as thermal treatment, acid activation, and mechanochemical activation were applied. Complex methods, such as SEM microscopy analysis, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), thermal analysis, and nitrogen adsorption–desorption at −196 °C, were used to assess the characteristics of the structure of the obtained materials. The thermal treatment, acid activation, and mechanochemical activation resulted in changes in the surface properties of the clay minerals: specific surface area, porosity, and distribution of active sites. It was established that the mechanochemical activation of montmorillonite significantly increases the sorption characteristics of the material for U(VI) and Sr(II) and the acid activation of montmorillonite increases it for U(VI). The appropriateness of the experimental adsorption values for U(VI) and Sr(II) on modified montmorillonite to Langmuir and Freundlich models was found. Independently of the changes induced by acid attack, calcinations, or milling, the sorption of U(VI) and Sr(II) ions on treated montmorillonite occurs on a homogeneous surface through monolayer adsorption in a similar fashion to natural montmorillonite. Water purification technologies and modern environmental protection technologies may successfully use the obtained clay-based sorbents.
{"title":"Performance of Thermal-, Acid-, and Mechanochemical-Activated Montmorillonite for Environmental Protection from Radionuclides U(VI) and Sr(II)","authors":"I. Kovalchuk","doi":"10.3390/eng4030122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/eng4030122","url":null,"abstract":"Low-cost sorption materials based on the clay mineral of the smectite group—montmorillonite—were used for the removal of radionuclides uranium (VI) and strontium (II) from contaminated water. A wide range of industrial methods such as thermal treatment, acid activation, and mechanochemical activation were applied. Complex methods, such as SEM microscopy analysis, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), thermal analysis, and nitrogen adsorption–desorption at −196 °C, were used to assess the characteristics of the structure of the obtained materials. The thermal treatment, acid activation, and mechanochemical activation resulted in changes in the surface properties of the clay minerals: specific surface area, porosity, and distribution of active sites. It was established that the mechanochemical activation of montmorillonite significantly increases the sorption characteristics of the material for U(VI) and Sr(II) and the acid activation of montmorillonite increases it for U(VI). The appropriateness of the experimental adsorption values for U(VI) and Sr(II) on modified montmorillonite to Langmuir and Freundlich models was found. Independently of the changes induced by acid attack, calcinations, or milling, the sorption of U(VI) and Sr(II) ions on treated montmorillonite occurs on a homogeneous surface through monolayer adsorption in a similar fashion to natural montmorillonite. Water purification technologies and modern environmental protection technologies may successfully use the obtained clay-based sorbents.","PeriodicalId":10630,"journal":{"name":"Comput. Chem. Eng.","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72900234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper begins with an introduction to porcelain tiles. A review of the major scientific and technological features of mullite-based porcelain tiles (MPTs) and anorthite-based porcelain tiles (APTs), focusing primarily on the raw material, processing, phase evolution and mechanical behavior, is then presented. Based on the porcelain tile firing behavior and a series of physical and chemical changes that can occur, a comprehensive comparison is described. In the last part, the prospects for further developments related to MPTs and APTs are discussed.
{"title":"Comparison between Mullite-Based and Anorthite-Based Porcelain Tiles: A Review","authors":"Kun Li, Eloise de Sousa Cordeiro, A. De Noni","doi":"10.3390/eng4030123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/eng4030123","url":null,"abstract":"This paper begins with an introduction to porcelain tiles. A review of the major scientific and technological features of mullite-based porcelain tiles (MPTs) and anorthite-based porcelain tiles (APTs), focusing primarily on the raw material, processing, phase evolution and mechanical behavior, is then presented. Based on the porcelain tile firing behavior and a series of physical and chemical changes that can occur, a comprehensive comparison is described. In the last part, the prospects for further developments related to MPTs and APTs are discussed.","PeriodicalId":10630,"journal":{"name":"Comput. Chem. Eng.","volume":"45 12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72996856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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