Community dental health最新文献

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of probable awake bruxism in children and its association with emotional, behavioral, and contextual factors related to anxiety, emotional well-being, bullying, parental sense of coherence, and risk of sleep-disordered breathing.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 642 children aged 6 to 10 years enrolled in public schools in Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. Data collection comprised three stages: (i) a questionnaire for parents/caregivers addressing children's daytime and nighttime behaviors, family income, and parental education; (ii) a child questionnaire assessing emotional well-being and bullying; and (iii) an intraoral examination to identify clinical signs suggestive of bruxism. Validated instruments were used: the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAI-C) for anxiety, the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ8-10) for emotional well-being, the Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ) for bullying, the Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC-13) for parental sense of coherence, and the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ) for risk of sleep-disordered breathing. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression, with odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) reported.

Results: The prevalence of probable awake bruxism was 29.6%. Most children did not report significant emotional well-being impairment, increased risk of sleep-disordered breathing, or clinically significant anxiety. However, three-quarters of parentes/caregivers presented low sense of coherence, reflecting reduced perceived ability to cope with stress and daily challenges. Bullying experience was highly prevalent, reported by 84.4% participants.

Conclusion: Probable awake bruxism showed high prevalence among children, reinforcing its clinical and epidemiological relevance Findings emphasize the importance of addressing bruxism from a multifactorial perspective integrating.

Aim: To identify report and discuss the tools assessing orthodontic treatment need (OTN), - complexity (OTC), -priority (OTP), and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL in children and adolescents, defining their strengths and weaknesses and to pinpoint research gaps to inform orthodontic practitioners, policy makers, and future research endeavours. Methods: The databases of PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and Web of Science were searched from inception to January 2025. Epidemiological studies, controlled trials, and comparative studies involving subjects ≤18 years old, using different tools to assess OTN, OTC, OTP, and OHRQoL were included. Three authors independently assessed study eligibility, extracted and analysed the data. Results: 15,898 articles were initially identified, from which 171 were finally included for analysis. For OTN, the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need was the most frequently used, followed by the Dental Aesthetics Index. Both score occlusal traits and do not take into account other factors contributing to overall OTN. The Index of Complexity and Orthodontic Need was the third most used. Several OHRQoL questionnaires were retrieved, identifying Child Perception Questionnaire (CPQ) as most frequently used. Conclusions: A range of assessment tools were identified for OTN and OHRQoL. OTN indexes mainly rate dental malocclusion severity and don't consider patient-specific factors, such as patient perception. A tool assessing OTC that takes into account treatment-specific factors, required skills of the orthodontist, treatment time, and costs is required. Additionally, no tool was found to assess OTN, which is crucial for allocation of public healthcare resources and insurance coverage for orthodontic treatment.

Background: Non-dental health practitioners in Australia, including general practitioners, nurses, pharmacists, and allied health professionals, encounter patients with oral health concerns. While well-positioned to provide early intervention, their capacity is affected by knowledge gaps, confidence, and systemic limitations. Objective: To map Australian non-dental health practitioners' oral health knowledge, attitudes, and practices and identify barriers and enablers to integrating oral health into general healthcare. Methods: Following Joanna Briggs Institute methodology, five databases (MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science) were searched for original studies published between 1 January 2014 and 16 July 2024. Results: Of 3225 records, 20 studies were included: nurses (n = 8), midwives (n = 5), pharmacists (n = 5), and general practitioners (n = 2). Data were synthesised using deductive thematic analysis and descriptive counts of oral health attitudes, knowledge, and practices. Attitudes towards oral health were generally positive, but engagement varied. Midwives and pharmacists demonstrated greater involvement following structured training, whereas general practitioners, aged care staff, and cystic fibrosis clinicians reported limited engagement due to insufficient education, time constraints, and unclear roles. Additional barriers included a lack of referral pathways and clinical guidelines. Enablers included interprofessional collaboration and oral health training. Conclusions: Non-dental health practitioners are well placed to promote oral health; however, integration remains inconsistent. Addressing educational and systemic barriers through targeted training, clear referral systems, and the inclusion of oral health in general and chronic disease guidelines could strengthen oral health integration and reduce inequalities in preventive care across Australian healthcare.

Background: While observational studies have highlighted a potential link between diabetes and oral lichen planus (OLP), the causal relationship remains unclear, and it is uncertain which specific form of diabetes might promote OLP development. This Mendelian randomization (MR) study aims to estimate the causal effects of diabetes-related traits on OLP and identify potential mediating factors. Methods: Utilizing summary statistics from genome-wide association studies predominantly of European ancestry, we conducted univariable and multivariable MR to estimate overall and independent effects of four diabetes-related traits (type 1 diabetes [T1D], type 2 diabetes [T2D], fasting glucose, fasting insulin) on OLP. Two-step MR was employed to identify and assess the mediation proportion of 91 inflammatory factors. Results: Genetic susceptibility to T1D was found to increase the risk of OLP (inverse-variance weighted OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.04-1.16, p = 0.002), with consistent findings across all MR methods. The relationship between T1D and OLP remained robust after adjusting for T2D, fasting insulin, and fasting glucose. Furthermore, IL-10 was identified as a partial mediator, accounting for 23.3% of the causal effect of T1D on OLP. No potential pleiotropy for significant estimates was detected (p > 0.05). Univariable MR analyses showed no significant causal relationship between T2D, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and OLP development. Conclusions: IL-10 may partially mediate the association between T1D and OLP. These findings provide genetic evidence suggesting a potential link between T1D and OLP through pathways beyond glycemic regulation, but should be interpreted with caution given the limitations of the study.

This study aimed to investigate the association between the use of solid fuels for cooking and two oral health outcomes - edentulism and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) - in a nationally representative sample of Brazilian adults aged 50 years and older. Data were from the second wave (2019-2021) of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSI-Brazil). Multivariable Poisson regression models were used to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for edentulism and poor OHRQoL, defined as a score greater than zero on the Oral Impacts on Daily Performance (OIDP) questionnaire. Analyses stratified by sex were also performed. The analytical samples included 8978 individuals for edentulism and 8857 for OHRQoL. Individuals exposed to solid fuels had higher prevalence of edentulism (PR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.30) and poor OHRQoL (PR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.46) than those unexposed. The association with edentulism was stronger among women, whereas the association with OHRQoL was more pronounced among men. The use of solid cooking fuels was associated with a higher prevalence of edentulism and poorer OHRQoL among older Brazilian adults.

Objective: To investigate the association between the Single-Point Insulin Sensitivity Estimator (SPISE) index and the prevalence of periodontitis in Korean adults.

Basic research design: A cross-sectional study.

Participants: Adults aged ≥20 years (n = 9899).

Main outcome measures: Data from the 7^th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), conducted between 2016 and 2018 were analyzed. The SPISE index was calculated using the body mass index (BMI), serum triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels, and the participants were categorized into quartiles. Periodontitis was defined on the basis of the World Health Organization's Community Periodontal Index. The association between the SPISE index and periodontitis was evaluated using logistic regression analysis, and its predictive accuracy was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.

Results: A higher SPISE index was significantly associated with lower periodontitis prevalence, with a consistent inverse correlation observed in the unadjusted and multivariate models adjusted for age, sex, smoking, drinking, exercise, systemic diseases, socioeconomic status, and oral hygiene habits. The Q4 group had a 41% lower risk of periodontitis compared to the Q1 group (OR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.50-0.70), and the areas under the ROC curves (AUC) from the ROC analysis was 0.749.

Conclusions: The SPISE index demonstrated a significant inverse correlation with periodontitis.

Syphilis, a resurgent sexually transmitted infection caused by Treponema pallidum, poses significant public health challenges globally. Its varied clinical presentations, especially oral manifestations, position dental professionals uniquely for early detection and intervention. This review synthesizes current epidemiological trends, clinical features, diagnostic approaches, prevention strategies, and management guidelines with an emphasis on the role of dental professionals. A literature review was conducted to assess the clinical presentation of syphilis, prevention and management by dental professionals. Key topics included epidemiology, risk factors, transmission, diagnosis and treatment. A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, and Google Scholar for studies published in English from 2010 to 2024, supplemented by public health and media reports. A notable increase in syphilis cases was reported globally, including Canada and the United States, with disproportionate impacts on vulnerable populations. Oral lesions, including chancres and mucosal patches, frequently present in early stages, underscoring the importance of dental examination. Rapid point-of-care testing offers opportunities for timely diagnosis in dental settings. Prevention relies on education, routine screening, and structural interventions, while management centres on penicillin-based treatment and coordinated referrals. Dental professionals can play a critical role in mitigating syphilis transmission through early identification, patient education, and referral. Strengthening interdisciplinary collaboration and provider training is essential for improving syphilis outcomes and population health.

In an underserved parish in South Louisiana, a critical need for early childhood dental care was identified. This brief report describes a service-learning intervention that was developed, implemented and aimed at screening, educating, and improving access to dental care for children aged 3 to 6. The core services provided by the program include fluoride varnish application, dental screenings, oral health education, nutritional counseling, and parental engagement for 170 students. The primary goal was to build sustainable partnerships that ensured reciprocity between the community and the university that was involved. The objectives were to enhance access to care, advance oral health literacy, mitigate oral health disparities, and promote dental prevention strategies. Additionally, the program aimed to serve the community while offering healthcare students valuable experiential learning opportunities.

Background: Attributes of cystic fibrosis (CF) can increase one's risk of developing periodontitis, and both CF and periodontitis are known to impact health-related quality of life (HRQoL). In this hypothesis-generating pilot study, our goals were to assess if periodontitis is associated with lower HRQoL for adults with CF and to identify sociodemographic, medical, and dental factors associated with HRQoL.

Methods: We conducted a pilot cross-sectional study of adults with CF ages ≥18 years at a single CF center (N = 32). HRQoL was assessed in two ways: (1) Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) based on the Oral Health Impact Profile 14 (OHIP-14); and (2) CF-related quality of life (CFRQoL) based on the Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire-Revised (CFQ-R). We used the Mann-Whitney test to assess for differences in median scores of OHIP-14 and CFQ-R domains by periodontitis status. We used the Mann-Whitney test, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and the Spearman rank correlation to identify factors associated with HRQoL.

Results: The median age of participants was 30 years, 63% were female, and 97% were white. Median OHIP-14 and CFQ-R domain scores did not differ significantly by periodontitis status. There were no significant differences in the OHIP-14 or CFQ-R domain scores for adults with CF by periodontitis severity. Low socioeconomic status (SES), anxiety, and depression were associated with significantly worse domain scores for both HRQoL measures.

Conclusions: Periodontitis in adults with CF was not associated with HRQoL, but markers of low SES and poor mental health were associated with lower HRQoL, including OHRQoL. These findings are preliminary and should be interpreted within the context of this study population comprised of higher-income adults with CF. Future studies should further examine potential disparities in HRQoL for a more socioeconomically diverse individuals with CF.

Traditional approaches to dental public health education across Europe remain dominated by lecture-based learning which often fail to cultivate critical reflection on inequities, privilege, and the broader social determinants of oral health. Social accountability has been recognized as core competency for dental graduates, requiring dental professionals to align professional practice with the health needs of communities. Community-engaged education is a promising pedagogical model that situates learning within real-world contexts, fosters empathy, cultural competence, and advocacy skills, and strengthens professional identity formation. This paper discusses the Peninsula Dental School's innovative model, which integrates community engagement, reflective practice, and interprofessional education within a spiral curriculum. Through the Interprofessional Engagement (IPE) module, students collaborate with local community organisations to co-design health improvement projects, critically reflect on their experiences, and gain deeper insight into oral health inequities. Embedding community engagement and social accountability across European dental curricula is both timely and necessary to equip future practitioners to address oral health inequities, meet evolving societal needs, and contribute to a more just healthcare system.