Community dental health最新文献

Objective: This study aims to explore the association between breastfeeding duration and self-perceived oral health at age 46 while accounting for various sociodemographic and lifestyle factors.

Methods: This is a secondary data analysis of the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70), which follows the lives of individuals born in the UK during a single week in 1970. Information on breastfeeding duration was collected via interviews and categorized as: never, less than 3 months, and 3 months or more. Self-perceived oral health at age 46 was dichotomized into "good" (excellent, very good, good) and "poor" (fair, poor) based on the responses to a single question on a self-administered questionnaire. Covariates included cohort member (CM)'s sex, marital status, education level, and social class in addition to maternal education, father's social class and family ethnicity. Logistic regression modelling was used to assess the association between breastfeeding duration and self-perceived adult oral health.

Results: The unadjusted model showed that breastfeeding for 3 months or over reduced the odds of poor self-perceived oral health by 20% (95% CI: 0.67-0.95). This association was completely explained by sociodemographic characteristics.

Conclusion: Despite the well documented benefits of breastfeeding, the duration of breastfeeding did not appear to influence the self-perceived oral health of the participants at age 46.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the prosthetic status of community-dwelling individuals aged ≥65 years in the city center of Kayseri and evaluate the impact of these factors on their oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL).

Material and methods: In total, 457 older adults from Kayseri were included in this cross-sectional study. Data were collected from 21 Family Health Centers (FHCs). Sociodemographic data and prosthetic status were recorded, and the Turkish version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) was administered to assess OHRQoL. Participants were classified into the following prosthetic groups: complete denture (CD), complete upper denture (CUD), complete lower denture (CLD), removable partial prosthesis (RPP), fixed prosthesis (FP), implant-supported overdenture (ISOD), natural dentition (ND), and need for prosthetic treatment (NP). Statistical analyses were performed using the Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman correlation tests, with a significance level set at p = 0.05.

Results: The mean OHIP-14 score was 9.8. Women reported significantly higher OHIP-14 scores than men, and lower education level and income were associated with higher OHIP-14 scores. Individuals in NP group had the highest OHIP-14 scores, while participants with fixed prostheses reported better outcomes. There was a significant negative correlation between prosthesis satisfaction and OHIP-14 scores (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: Fixed prostheses had the most positive effect on OHRQoL, while complete mandibular dentures were associated with lower outcomes. Gender, marital status, education, and income also significantly influenced OHRQoL, with women and lower socioeconomic groups reporting lower quality of life.

Background: Head and neck cancer (HNC) is influenced by lipids and inflammatory factors. This study explores the causal relationship between 179 lipids, 91 inflammatory factors, and HNC using Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis.

Method: GWAS datasets for lipids and inflammatory markers were combined with HNC data from the FinnGen Biobank. TSMR and MVMR analyses with multiple sensitivity methods were performed to validate results. Mediator analysis identified inflammatory factors as intermediaries in lipid-HNC pathways.

Results: Eight lipids were causally associated with HNC. Two distinct pathways were identified: inflammatory markers CD244, FLT3LG, and NT-3 mediated the relationship between lipids (e.g., sterol esters, phosphatidylcholines) and HNC.

Conclusion: This study identifies lipids and inflammatory markers as key mediators of HNC development, offering potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets for future research.

Background: Increasing evidence suggests that periodontitis (PD) is epidemiologically associated with mental health. To minimize the influence of confounding factors, we employed Mendelian randomization (MR) as the analytical approach to investigate the potential causal relationships between PD and schizophrenia (SZ), bipolar disorder (BD), and major depressive disorder (MDD).

Methods: 8 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), sourced from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 45,563 individuals were used as instrumental variables for PD. 131, 52 and 0 SNPs were employed from 3 GWASs of SZ, BD and MDD, respectively. We took inverse variance-weighted model as the primary method for causal estimation supplemented by MR-Egger and Weighted-median. Then we conducted sensitivity analysis and leave-one-out analysis.

Results: Periodontitis is the risk factor of BD (OR = 1.10; P = 0.0086). However, no significant causal association was observed between PD and SZ (OR = 1.03; P = 0.5045) or MDD (OR = 1.06; P = 0.1089). Neither SZ (OR = 1.01; P = 0.6763), BD (OR = 1.06; P = 0.2070) nor MDD was associated with PD.

Conclusions: Our analysis supports previous epidemiological findings by showing a potential causal association between PD and BD; whereas, no causal link of PD with SZ or MDD, and SZ, BD or MDD with PD. These offers novel concepts for the diagnosis and treatment.

Background: Social accountability relates to the obligation of a health professional school to align education, research, and services with community health priorities. Limited research has examined the role of social accountability in dental education and its potential for addressing oral health inequalities.

Aim: The aim of this narrative review is to describe current research of relevance to social accountability in dental education and identify gaps in the literature.

Method: A systematic search of the electronic databases PubMed, Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus, using the terms "social accountability", "social responsibility", and "dental education" was undertaken. Articles included in the review were those published between January 1995 and May 2024 which were related to dental professional education and deemed relevant to social accountability.

Results and conclusions: Four themes of relevance to social accountability were identified in the literature (curriculum design and delivery, attitudes, social responsiveness, and cultural competence). This review highlights challenges in measuring the community impact of socially accountable approaches in dental education. There is a need for more longitudinal research to assess the long-term impacts of social accountability in dental education. There are also potential implications for policy and research to influence the working environment of dental graduates to enable and support the workforce to apply and embed social accountability in the practice of dentistry.

This narrative review describes the impetus for health screening for non-communicable diseases in dental settings and highlights important considerations for evaluating such interventions. Real world cases are presented that showcase health screening interventions implemented in the UK. Non-communicable diseases including diabetes and cardiovascular disease are a global public health challenge. They are largely preventable by implementing lifestyle changes such as healthy eating and participation in physical activity, regular health screening for disease prevention, and/or early initiation of treatment. Hypertension case finding and control is one of the key five areas of focus for adult health, and oral health and diabetes are two of five key clinical areas for children and young people where efforts should be focused to intervene, improve outcomes and reduce inequalities. Links between oral and chronic diseases have been discussed in recent years. Therefore, screening for diabetes and cardiovascular disease has become of greater relevance to the dental profession. There is emerging evidence indicating that screening for the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes in dental settings shows promise for improving health outcomes and may offer a cost-effective preventive approach for the detection of diabetes. Real-world services implementing health screening in dental settings have highlighted possibilities for the future and highlight the potential for the role of the dental team in detecting chronic diseases.

Objective: Retirement reduces income and increases dental care needs for the elderly, but there are few studies on unmet dental care needs among the low-income elderly. This study aimed to identify actors associated with unmet dental care needs of low-income elderly people in South Korea.

Method: Secondary analysis of 2020 KNHANES data relating to 1,016 elderly individuals (65+) below median income.

Results: Unmet dental care needs were higher for women at 28.9% (p ⟨0.001), those with a middle school education at 28.5% (p ⟨ 0.05), individuals who rated their health as "poor" at 31.3%, those reporting feelings of depression at 44.8% (p ⟨ 0.001), individuals who rated their oral health as "poor" at 36.2% (p ⟨ 0.001), and those who experienced toothache at 37.2% (p ⟨ 0.001). In regression analysis women (Risk Ratio = 1.59, 95% CI 1.09-2.32), people with depression (RR = 2.29, 95% CI 1.01-5.15), those who perceived their oral health as "poor" (3.20, 95% CI 1.90-5.32) and those toothache (1.88, 95% CI 1.27-2.76) had higher unmet dental needs.

Conclusion: Substantial unmet dental care needs exist among the low-income retired elderly. Comprehensive public oral health policies and community programs are needed for this population group.

Objective: To explore the role of socioeconomic factors, area deprivation and behaviours in explaining ethnic differences in the functional dentition among East London adults using multilevel modelling.

Methods: Data from a community-based health survey in East London included information on 1898 adults aged between 16 to 65 years old and belonging to 9 ethnic groups. Supervised questionnaires gathered information on demographic characteristics, socioeconomic indicators, dental behaviours and area deprivation (IMD 2007). A functional dentition was defined as having all 6 anterior plus at least 4 posterior contacts in clinical examination.

Results: The multilevel logistic regression showed that Black Africans were 75% (95%CI: 1.21-2.52) and Black Caribbean 77% (95%CI: 1.05-2.98) more likely to have a non-functional dentition than White British participants in fully adjusted models. Other factors associated with a non-functional dentition were older age and no educational attainment.

Conclusion: Black adults are at greater risk of non-functional dentition independently from sociodemographic characteristics, oral health-related behaviours and area-level characteristics. Proportionate universalism could be effective in reducing these health gaps.

Objectives: To determine the relationship between food insecurity and periodontitis among adults in the United States (US).

Methods: Secondary analysis of the 2009-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. The sample included 6,108 US participants aged ≥ 30 years in a probability weighted sample. Periodontitis status was measured in full-month oral examinations at 6 sites per tooth for clinical attachment loss and periodontal probing depth. Food insecurity was assessed by the 18-item US Food Security Survey Module.

Results: Controlling for covariates, multiple logistic regression showed that periodontitis was associated with low food security (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=1.30, 95% CI: 1.08-1.57). Risk factors for periodontitis included HbA1c ≥ 7% (aOR=1.74, 95% CI: 1.26-2.40), seeking emergency dental care (aOR=1.36, 95% CI:1.19-1.55), smoking status, racial minorities, low income, and older age. Protective factors for periodontitis were annual dental visit (aOR=0.52, 95% CI: 0.43-0.64), health insurance (aOR=0.66, 95% CI: 0.54-0.80), female gender, and college education.

Conclusions: Food insecurity was associated with a higher risk of periodontitis among US adults. Having enough food to eat is a basic human right and would improve well-being.