Community dental health最新文献

This issue marks another series of big changes for Community Dental Health. Whilst the cliché tells us that there is nothing permanent except change, Darwin realised that it's "not the strongest of the species that survive, nor the most intelligent, but the one most responsive to change". We're heeding Darwin's words, even though his star never rose as high as publishing in this journal. The world of academic journals is especially susceptible to such shifts. Open Access (OA) publishing makes research findings freely available, with researchers paying to publish their work, rather than expecting readers to cough up for the privilege. Many research funders require data to be openly accessible in this way. Of course, this is a new funding model, but for the last ten years we have allowed authors to choose OA publication. There are also more academics submitting more papers, with a particular rise in manuscripts from outside of Europe. This growth is accompanied by an increase in the number of journals. Unfortunately, predatory journals have emerged that do not adhere to standards of ethics or peer review and there are now parallel concerns about the integrity of some researchers; and that's before we think about Artificial Intelligence. In this context, the need for CDH to maintain its standing as a high-quality journal demands more work and a better prepared Editorial Board and referees.

Objective: The family is a fundamental unit of society and provides care to the needs of its members. This study aims to assess the independent contributions of nuclear and extended families through direct and indirect pathways towards the risk of early childhood caries among 5-year-old children from low socio-economic status families in Central India.

Methods: Cross-sectional study with two-stage sampling of 313 randomly selected school children. The American Association of Pediatric Dentistry criteria were used for diagnosing early childhood caries (ECC) and severe early childhood caries (S-ECC). It was hypothesised that the type of family would impact ECC and S-ECC by acting on individual-level variables such as frequency of cleaning teeth, dietary patterns, and utilisation of dental services. Examiner-administered interviews collected information about demographic details and oral hygiene practices. Generalized structural equation modelling (GSEM) examined the relationship between exogenous variables, including nuclear and extended families with ECC and SECC. Path coefficients and the standard error with a 95% confidence interval were reported.

Results: ECC and SECC were present among 186 (59.4%) and 47 (15%) children. Nuclear families, more frequent between meal sugar consumption and lower utilization of dental care were associated with ECC (odds ratios of 2.43, 2.78, and 8.65, respectively (p⟨ 0.001)). Nuclear families were also associated with SECC. Type of family directly (p⟨ 0.001) and indirectly (p⟨ 0.05) predicted ECC via three or more times sugar consumption and lower utilization of dental services.

Conclusions: Nuclear families were associated with ECC and SECC among children. Health professionals need to understand the influence of the type of family and the associated pathway to tackle and reduce the burden of ECC.

Objective: Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is prevalent among preschool children. The aim was to assess the effectiveness of an intervention to modify family-level determinants of caries (i.e. maternal parenting style, oral health-related self-efficacy and oral health-related knowledge) via preschool teachers, to improve the child level determinants of ECC (dietary sugar consumption, oral hygiene pattern, dental attendance pattern).

Basic research design: Quasi-experimental study.

Setting: Preschools in Gampaha District, Sri Lanka.

Participants: Preschoolers and their mothers/caregivers.

Interventions: Delivered via preschool teachers to 200 children and their caregivers.

Main outcome measures: Maternal parenting style, oral health related self-efficacy and oral health related knowledge, parentally reported dietary sugar consumption, oral hygiene pattern, dental attendance pattern and ECC.

Results: Maternal oral health related knowledge, authoritative parenting, authoritarian parenting and oral health related self-efficacy, maternally reported sugar consumption, sweetened drink consumption, tooth brushing frequency, dental visiting during the past six months and receipt of treatment better in the intervention group than the control group post-intervention.

Conclusions: The intervention shows potential in modifying family level determinants of ECC.

Objectives: To describe the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and its potential influencing factors within the Myanmar population.

Methods: Data were from the first national oral health survey, involving 3,513 participants aged 15-18 years, 35-44 years, and 60-74 years from 21 selected townships in Myanmar. Self-administered questionnaire-based surveys, conducted from December 2016 to January 2017, included socio-demographics, behavioral factors, self-reported oral conditions (number of teeth present, teeth and gingival conditions), and inquiries regarding OHRQoL (a set of 12 questions with 5 response options) using the recommended questions from WHO Oral Health Surveys.

Results: The most prevalent oral health issues were difficulties in chewing (32.2%) and biting foods (30.8%). In bivariate analysis, older individuals, rural residents, and participants with higher educational levels were associated with OHRQoL. In multiple regression analysis, self-reported number of teeth, teeth and gingival conditions were strong predictors of OHRQoL in all age groups.

Conclusion: Self-rated oral health conditions predicted quality of life due to oral problems. The development of national oral health policies and strategies is imperative to facilitate early detection of oral health problems and promote the awareness of oral health importance.

Objectives: To compare parent/carer proxy-reported dental caries experience of their 5-year-old child with epidemiological survey clinician examination of caries experience in the same children. To determine any differences in the accuracy by area-based socioeconomic group.

Methods: A cross-sectional data linkage study linked data from the Growing Up in Scotland (GUS) study and the National Dental Inspection Programme (NDIP) school epidemiology survey. Parent/carer proxy-reported caries experience was compared with clinician-measured caries experience on n=3008 children, and data were stratified by home-residential area-based socioeconomic deprivation levels (Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD)). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated overall and stratified by SIMD.

Results: Overall, parent/carer proxy-reporting had low sensitivity (42.3% 95%CI: 39.0, 45.7) that decreased with decreasing deprivation (SIMD-1(most deprived): 49.4% to SIMD-5 (least deprived): 37.2%). Specificity remained consistently high overall and across area-based socioeconomic deprivation levels (overall=96.2%, 95%CI: 95.3, 97.0; SIMD-1: 94.4% SIMD-5: 97.8%). In children whose parents/carers reported them to have caries experience (GUS) a high percentage were found to have caries experience (NDIP) (PPV=81.8%, 95%CI: 78.2, 84.9).

Conclusion: Parent/carer proxy-reporting of caries experience in 5-year-old children had very low sensitivity and was lowest in children from the least deprived areas. In contrast, parents/carers who reported their child had caries experience did so reasonably accurately. This study concludes that proxy reporting caries experience is not sufficiently sensitive to replace clinician examination in assessing dental caries experience in surveys of child populations and highlights the importance of data linkage to routine datasets.

Background: Despite concerns such as allergic dermatitis and bans recommended by health authorities, latex gloves are used by dental professionals in many countries. There are published reports of the prevalence of latex allergy in health professionals including dental professionals; however, no systematic review and meta-analysis is available.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of latex allergy in dental professionals.

Method: Two researchers independently searched articles using appropriate keyword combinations in three search engines; PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar for observational studies on latex allergy in dental professionals reported in English or where complete translations in English were included. Percentage prevalence of latex allergy was the variable of interest. The risk of bias was assessed using the Hoy et al. (2012) tool and publication bias using a funnel plot.

Results: From 435 possible sources, a total of 14 studies were included in the review and meta-analysis. The prevalence of latex allergy, based on 6302 participants was 10.37% (95% CI: 7.31 to 13.88). Heterogeneity (I2) was high (94.13%); hence, REM was used. There was moderate risk of bias across studies and minimal publication bias. GRADE analysis indicated that the evidence was uncertain.

Conclusions: The prevalence of latex allergy in dental professionals is about 10.37%. Evidence is of low quality due to high heterogeneity.

Objective: To explore ethnic inequalities in oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and the role of nativity status on them.

Methods: Data from 1868 adults (16-65 years) of 9 ethnic groups participating in a community-based health survey in East London. Participants completed a supervised questionnaire including the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) to calculate prevalence, extent and severity of oral impacts. Associations between ethnicity and nativity status (individually and combined) with OHRQoL were assessed in regression models, crude and adjusted for socio-demographic factors and clinical oral health indicators.

Results: Black others showed higher prevalence (OR: 1.91; 95%CI 1.05-3.46), severity (IRR: 2.87, 95%CI 1.63-5.06) and extent of oral impacts (IRR: 1.86, 95%CI 1. 35-2.59). Oral impacts were more severe among Black Caribbeans (IRR: 2.85, 95%CI 1.31-6.18) and Bangladeshis (IRR: 3.08, 95%CI .07-8.91); whereas impacts were more extensive among Pakistanis (IRR: 1.54, 95%CI 1.05-2.25) and Bangladeshis (IRR: 1.87, 95%CI 1.16-3.00). Nativity status individually showed no association with OHRQoL, although when combined with ethnicity resulted in many minority groups showing worse OHRQoL than White British participants.

Conclusion: Ethnicity and nativity status have a combined and important role in OHRQoL: ethnic minority groups showed worse OHRQoL even when controlling for clinical oral status.

The pressure on academics to publish is greater than ever. Sharing knew knowledge has always been satisfying and is necessary for career development. There are also ethical imperatives to avoid withholding knowledge and to prevent colleagues duplicating research unnecessarily, which would waste their time and burden participants. On top of these long-standing drivers, academic institutions must now manage their resources carefully and want to see a return on their investment in you, which will be measured in terms of quality and quantity of research outputs. As the need for publications has increased, so has the number of submissions and consequently, the competition to publish in the best-known journals. In some years CDH receives ten times more manuscripts than we can fit in the journal. Academics must publish more often, and their submissions must be of the highest quality to stand a chance of publication.

This paper reviews the associations between sugars consumption and non-communicable diseases. Systematic reviews demonstrate associations between sugars intake and dental caries, weight gain, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Children consuming more sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are 1.55 times more likely to be overweight. In adults, higher consumption of SSBs is associated with a 27% higher relative risk of developing type 2 diabetes. In adults, greater free sugar consumption was positively associated with total CVD (HR 1.07; 95% CI: 1.03-1.10), ischaemic heart disease (HR 1.06; 95%CI: 1.02,1.10), and stroke (HR 1.10, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.17). Those consuming sugars higher than the recommended level of 10% of total energy are more likely to develop dental caries; 42 out of 50 studies involving children and 5 out of 5 in adults reported at least one positive association between sugars and caries. Reduction in sugars consumption requires a myriad of interventions to reduce supply and demand at national and global levels, fiscal policies, alongside high-quality research and promoting environments to reduce the burden of NCDs.

Objectives: To determine how social factors influence career decisions of dental service providers, particularly focusing on examining the impact of dentists' origins.

Methods: Online survey of Hessian panel dentists, with pairwise comparisons to a set of factors impacting their decision-making process. An Analytic Hierarchy Process examined the weighting of influencing drivers in career choice.

Results: Dentists from rural backgrounds were more likely to establish practices in rural areas than those from urban origins. Origin correlated with entrepreneurial intentions and a strong association of rural origin. Dentists who grew up in rural areas were 4.19 times more likely to start a business.

Conclusion: These findings may support efficient resource allocation and support for rural dental businesses.