Community dental health最新文献

Objective: To explore attitudes, behaviours, and perceptions of e-cigarettes among students at the University of Dundee, Scotland, UK. Basic research design: A mixed-methods study approach combining an online questionnaire and focus groups. Clinical setting: University of Dundee campus environment. Participants: University of Dundee students aged 18 and older. Seventy-five participants completed the questionnaire, with five participants in-person focus groups. Interventions: No interventions applied; observational study only. Main outcome measures: E-cigarette awareness, usage patterns, visibility, perceptions of safety compared to traditional cigarettes, influence of flavours and packaging, attitudes towards public space usage, and environmental concerns. Results: Among participants, 99% were aware of e-cigarettes, with 37% reporting use. Demographics showed 40% aged 21-25, with 73% women and 24% men. Among focus group participants, 20% were current e-cigarette users, 20% had tried e-cigarettes, and 60% were non-smokers. E-cigarettes were highly visible to 75% of respondents, and 94% believed flavours and packaging influenced appeal. Most participants (76%) perceived e-cigarettes as safer than traditional cigarettes. Qualitative themes revealed addiction concerns, social influences, and uncertainty about long-term health effects. Conclusions: This study revealed complex attitudes towards e-cigarettes among university students, highlighting both their perceived benefits as smoking cessation aids and concerns about non-smoker appeal. Findings emphasise the need for comprehensive education, targeted policies, and research into long-term health and environmental impacts. Future studies should examine longitudinal effects, education intervention effectiveness, and environmental consequences of e-cigarette use.

Objective: This study compared the oral health status of children from North Korean refugees(NKR) and South Korean(SK) families. Basic research design: The DMFT index of children from NKR families was compared to those from SK families. The NRK underwent oral examinations to determine the Decayed-Filled-Teeth (dft), Decayed Teeth (dt), and Filled Teeth (ft) index was determined through an oral examination. Also, DMFT index of children from SK families was confirmed using oral examination data from the 2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(KNHANES) and cross-sectional study using matched comparison groups. Clinical setting: The oral health status of a total of 304 childrens, including 154 NKR childrens and 154 SK children was assessed. The NKR childrens were recommended by the participants recruited using the snowball sampling method and SK childrens were matched 1:1 by sex and age with NK Childrens. NK childrens were Face-to-face surveys were conducted between January 2021 and December 2022. Data on SK children were obtained from the oral examination findings of the KNHANES. Results: NKR children had a higher incidence of dental caries than SK childrens (odds ratio = 2.68; 95% confidence interval = 1.34-5.37). NKR and SK children's dft scores were 3.82 ± 2.98 and 2.29 ± 2.88, respectively, with a significant difference between groups (p = 0.026). Conclusions: All oral health indicators, including dental caries status, and DT of children from NKR families, were poorer than those of children from SK families. Therefore, oral health education is necessary to improve oral health and prevent oral diseases.

Background: People experiencing homelessness (PEH) have significantly poorer oral health compared to the general population, with barriers to dental care exacerbating health inequalities. Community-based dental interventions delivered by dental students offers a potential solution for improving oral health among PEH. Objectives: This scoping review aims to map existing literature on community-based dental interventions provided by dental students to PEH and to explore the reported outcomes of these from the perspectives of PEH. Methods: A scoping review was conducted using the PRISMA-ScR checklist. The comprehensive search was conducted across multiple databases and reference lists were hand searched. The Population, Concept, Context (PCC) framework using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology was followed to guide the search strategy and eligibility criteria. Studies were screened against the eligibility criteria by two reviewers. Results: Six studies met the inclusion criteria, originating from the UK, Australia, the USA, and Canada. Interventions included oral health education and clinical treatments. Thematic analysis identified two overarching themes: 'experience of the intervention' and 'impact of the intervention.' High levels of satisfaction were reported, with participants noting improved oral health knowledge and intentions to improve oral health behaviours. Conclusions: Community-based dental interventions were well-received by PEH and led to improved oral health knowledge, oral health behaviour change and psychosocial wellbeing. The interventions fostered dignity and trust through respectful care, while also enriching dental education by promoting empathy and social accountability. Despite promising short-term outcomes, further inclusive and longitudinal research is needed to assess long-term impact and global relevance.

ObjectiveTo determine if (a) secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure is associated with tooth loss and (b) such a relationship is modified by socioeconomic position (SEP).MethodsData were from the 2019 Brazilian National Health Survey. Zero-inflated negative binomial regression and binary logistic regression were employed to examine the association between monthly exposure to SHS at home or at work with extent of teeth lost and lack of functional dentition (FD), respectively. Effect Measure Modification (EMM) analyses and the simple slope test explored whether the association varied with levels of education, wealth, and income.ResultsThe sample comprised 53,295 never smoker adults. Those exposed to SHS had 4% (95% CI: 1.01; 1.07) more lost teeth, were 19% (95% CI: 0.72; 0.92) more likely to have lost teeth, and were 25% (95% CI: 1.06; 1.47) more likely to lack a FD. A super-additive association was found when comparing participants exposed to SHS with incomplete elementary school and those unexposed to SHS with complete higher education (relative excess risk due to interaction of 0.97 [95% CI: 0.45; 1.49]). Such an EMM was less noticeable when examining other SEP measures.ConclusionSHS exposure was consistently associated with tooth loss; however, there appear to be key differences according to education levels.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and its precursor, oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) comprises significant disease burdens in southeast Asia. In Sri Lanka, OSCC is the commonest cancer in males. Oral health-related quality of life (OHQoL) assesses the impact of oral health on the overall well-being of an individual. This study aimed to investigate OHQoL using Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14), to identify the most affected domains in the study groups and potential associations with sociodemographic variables. A cross-sectional study with 129 participants including OSCC, OED and control groups was conducted using a translated version of OHIP-14. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS and Graph Pad Prism software. The total OHIP-14 scores were compared between study groups. Descriptive statistics on OHQoL domains and correlation with monthly income and OHIP-14 score were conducted. The mean OHIP-14 scores were 25 ± 13, 14 ± 8.1, and 2.4 ± 3.3 for the OSCC, OED, and control groups respectively with a statistically significant difference (p value <0.0001). Domains with highest mean scores indicating a poorer OHQoL in OSCC and OED groups were physical pain and psychological disability. Worse OHQoL correlated with low monthly income in patients. This study identified most affected domains in the OHQoL in study groups and revealed a correlation between income and OHQoL in patients. The findings have important implications for clinicians to take OHQoL into consideration during treatment design and inform policy changes to improve outcomes for OSCC and OED patients.

Objective: To investigate the association between caregiver's oral health status and children's caries by way of a systematic review.

Research design: The Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews was used to conduct this review and the PRISMA-P 2015 statement as a reporting guideline. Specific inclusion and exclusion criteria were established based on prescribed guidelines. PubMed, Cinahl, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched up to September 2023. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used for quality assessment. Frequency distribution of results was calculated for preschool children and children.

Results: All 10 studies eligible for inclusion in the final review were assessed as a low risk of bias. In all studies, the mother was reported as the primary caregiver. A significant association between oral health of caregivers and their children was found for dental caries in seven of the 10 included studies; four for preschoolers and two for children in the deciduous dentition, and one for children in the permanent dentition.

Conclusions: This review emphasises the need for early intervention programs in addressing dental caries in children at the family-level, with particular focus on maternal oral health. These programmes should emphasise the critical role of caregivers and be tailored to identify and support high-risk households.

Objective: Oral diseases impair quality of life and may contribute to reduced work productivity. This study aimed to estimate productivity loss due to oral health conditions and to examine its association with oral health conditions using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) during 2017-2018 and 2019-2020. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of data from 6830 NHANES-participating adults ≥30 years who had received dental examinations and self-reported oral health-related productivity loss-was conducted. Oral health was measured using various proxy indicators such as self-rated oral health; periodontal disease awareness; bone loss; and the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index. Associations (odds ratios [OR]) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for oral health problems were estimated using logistic regression models adjusted for demographic variables, with productivity loss as the dependent variable. Results: Of all the participants, 3.69% reported that they faced productivity problems frequently due to oral health problems. Poor self-rated oral health (OR = 17.76), self-reported bone loss around the teeth (OR = 1.56), and higher DMFT scores were significantly associated with productivity loss. Non-Hispanic Black participants reported greater productivity loss compared with non-Hispanic White participants (OR = 2.4). Conclusion: The study findings demonstrated that poor oral health-including periodontal disease, bone loss, and dental caries-was significantly associated with productivity loss among US adults. Addressing this problem by providing access to dental care and preventive measures can increase workforce productivity and reduce economic losses.

Objectives: To examine the associations between oral health behaviours, quality of life, and caries experience, and to assess the extent to which these behaviours account for oral health disparities across socioeconomic groups. Participants: 879 adults aged 45-54 years from metropolitan Adelaide, South Australia. Research design: Data on socioeconomic status (SES, via household income), oral health behaviours (toothbrushing, mouth rinsing, interdental cleaning, dental visiting, and self-care) and quality of life were collected via questionnaire. Clinical examinations were completed for 709 participants to assess caries experience. Outcome measures: Quality of life, assessed via the 14-item Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14), and caries experience via DMFT scores. Results: An inverse SES gradient was recognised for quality of life and caries experience. Lower-income participants had reduced dental visiting scores [17.5 (95% CI: 17.1-18.0)] than higher-income groups [20.0 (95% CI: 19.6-20.4)], and higher dental self-care scores [17.7 (95% CI: 17.3-18.0)] than mid-income participants [17.6 (95% CI: 17.2-18.0)]. Higher-income individuals were likelier to have visited a dentist in the last 12 months (39.5%) and brush daily (36.9%) than lower-income individuals (29.7% and 30.0%). Full behavioural adjustment attenuated SES disparities in quality of life (unadjusted β = -2.7, 95% CI: -3.4 to -2.1; adjusted β = -2.0, 95% CI: -2.7 to -1.3), but not caries experience (unadjusted β = -0.8, 95% CI: -1.3 to -0.3; adjusted β = -0.7, 95% CI: -1.2 to -0.1). Conclusions: Oral health behaviours were associated with reduced socioeconomic inequalities in quality of life. Insignificant associations were observed between oral health behaviours and caries experience, even after adjustment for SES.

Objectives: Space maintainers are frequently used to prevent malocclusion problems in early primary tooth loss. Parents' oral health literacy and awareness of space maintainers may influence children's oral health outcomes. This study aimed to examine the direct and indirect roles of parents' space maintainer awareness on their children's untreated dental caries with a conceptual model.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 600 children and their parents. Sociodemographic data and space maintainer awareness survey was administered to parents face to face. Parents' oral health literacy levels were measured with TREALD-30 and TREALD-30A scales. Children's oral health status was evaluated using DMFT and PUFA indexes. Path analysis was performed to test the conceptual model (p < 0.05).

Results: The conceptual model revealed significant effects of TREALD-30A scores on space maintainer awareness (ß = 0.384, p < 0.001), DMFT scores on space maintainer awareness (ß = 0.081, p = 0.023) and space maintainer awareness on PUFA scores (ß = 0.106, p = 0.017). Additionally, TREALD-30A (ß = -0.032, p = 0.002) and DMFT (ß = -0.008, p = 0.014) scores had significant indirect effects on PUFA through space maintainer awareness. The space maintainer awareness score has a mediating role.

Conclusions: The path analysis has shown that the parents' space maintainer awareness has a direct and indirect effect on the clinical outcomes of untreated dental caries in their children. Although oral health literacy alone was not effective, it reduced clinical consequences of untreated dental caries in children through space maintainer awareness. The model suggests that interventions to increase parents' oral health literacy and space maintainers awareness will help parents pay more attention to their children's oral health.

Objective: To explore the impact of area-level deprivation on 5-year-olds' (school year 1) oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in Wales. Basic research design: During the 2022/23 academic year, a sample of 5-year-old children in state-maintained schools in Wales were selected to undergo a clinical examination. A random stratified sample of 15,625 children were invited to participate. The British Association for the Study of Community Dentistry diagnostic criteria was used to calculate d3mft (decayed, missing, and filled teeth) and PUFA (pulpal involvement, ulceration, fistula, and abscess) scores for each child. Main outcome measures: Before the examination, parents/guardians completed the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS), a validated measure of OHRQoL. Results and Conclusion: Data were gathered from 8,463 children from 612 schools, with a mean age of 5.95 years. 28.6% had experienced dental caries. Mean d3mft was 1.07 (3.39 in those with caries experience) and PUFA was present in 2.0%. 18.4% of parents/guardians reported a negative impact on the ECOHIS and this increased to 35.1% amongst children with caries experience (d3mft>0). The most common impacts reported were pain (11.6%, 23.6% if d3mft>0) and feelings of guilt in parents/guardians (6.7%, 16.5% if d3mft>0). The highest levels of impact were recorded amongst children from deprived communities, and this persisted after controlling for caries experience or untreated decay (p < 0.05). These data reinforce the need for measures to tackle early childhood caries alongside other efforts to minimise childhood disadvantage.