Pub Date : 2024-09-15DOI: 10.1016/j.commatsci.2024.113354
Four layer hexagonal SiC (4H-SiC) is a promising material for high temperature and high radiation environments, attributed to its excellent thermal conductivity and radiation resistance. However, the mechanism of radiation displacement cascades in 4H-SiC remains incomplete. This study employs molecular dynamics (MD) to explore the effects of radiation energy, direction and environmental temperature on displacement cascades in 4H-SiC. We simulated radiation displacement cascades in 4H-SiC under radiation energy ranging from 2 KeV to 10 KeV and temperature ranging from 0 K to 2100 K. We analyzed the variation pattern of radiation defects and clusters. We derived the empirical formulas describing the variation of defects and clusters with radiation energy and radiation direction. We revealed patterns in the number of radiation defects and clusters under different temperature. The findings enhance our understanding of radiation displacement cascades in 4H-SiC, providing valuable empirical formulas for predicting the behaviors of defects and clusters under varying radiation energy and temperature conditions, and have practical implications for designing materials resilient to radiation in semiconductor devices.
四层六方碳化硅(4H-SiC)具有优异的导热性和抗辐射性,是一种有望用于高温和高辐射环境的材料。然而,4H-SiC 中辐射位移级联的机理仍不完整。本研究采用分子动力学(MD)方法探讨了辐射能量、方向和环境温度对 4H-SiC 中位移级联的影响。我们模拟了辐射能量为 2 KeV 至 10 KeV、温度为 0 K 至 2100 K 时 4H-SiC 中的辐射位移级联。我们得出了描述缺陷和团簇随辐射能量和辐射方向变化的经验公式。我们揭示了不同温度下辐射缺陷和团簇数量的变化规律。这些发现加深了我们对 4H-SiC 中辐射位移级联的理解,为预测不同辐射能量和温度条件下缺陷和团簇的行为提供了宝贵的经验公式,对设计半导体器件中的抗辐射材料具有实际意义。
{"title":"Effects of radiation and temperature on displacement cascades in 4H-SiC: A molecular dynamic study","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.commatsci.2024.113354","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.commatsci.2024.113354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Four layer hexagonal SiC (4H-SiC) is a promising material for high temperature and high radiation environments, attributed to its excellent thermal conductivity and radiation resistance. However, the mechanism of radiation displacement cascades in 4H-SiC remains incomplete. This study employs molecular dynamics (MD) to explore the effects of radiation energy, direction and environmental temperature on displacement cascades in 4H-SiC. We simulated radiation displacement cascades in 4H-SiC under radiation energy ranging from 2 KeV to 10 KeV and temperature ranging from 0 K to 2100 K. We analyzed the variation pattern of radiation defects and clusters. We derived the empirical formulas describing the variation of defects and clusters with radiation energy and radiation direction. We revealed patterns in the number of radiation defects and clusters under different temperature. The findings enhance our understanding of radiation displacement cascades in 4H-SiC, providing valuable empirical formulas for predicting the behaviors of defects and clusters under varying radiation energy and temperature conditions, and have practical implications for designing materials resilient to radiation in semiconductor devices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10650,"journal":{"name":"Computational Materials Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142233842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-15DOI: 10.1016/j.commatsci.2024.113371
Diffusivity of species and defects on grain boundaries is usually several orders of magnitude larger than that inside grains. Such strongly inhomogeneous diffusivity requires prohibitively high computational demands for modeling microstructural evolution. This paper presents a highly efficient numerical solver, combining the Finite Difference method and Random Walk model, designed for accurately modeling strongly inhomogeneous diffusion within polycrystalline structures. The proposed solver, termed Finite Difference informed Random Walk (FDiRW), integrates a customized Finite Difference (cFD) scheme tailored for fast diffusion along thin grain boundaries represented by a single layer of nodes. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the FDiRW solver achieves an impressive efficiency gain of 1560x compared to traditional Finite Difference methods while maintaining accuracy, making it feasible for personal computer machines to handle diffusional systems with strongly inhomogeneous diffusivity across static polycrystalline microstructures. The model has been successfully applied to simulate radiation defect evolution, showcasing its scalability to engineering scales in both length and time dimensions.
{"title":"A Finite Difference informed Random Walk solver for simulating radiation defect evolution in polycrystalline structures with strongly inhomogeneous diffusivity","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.commatsci.2024.113371","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.commatsci.2024.113371","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Diffusivity of species and defects on grain boundaries is usually several orders of magnitude larger than that inside grains. Such strongly inhomogeneous diffusivity requires prohibitively high computational demands for modeling microstructural evolution. This paper presents a highly efficient numerical solver, combining the Finite Difference method and Random Walk model, designed for accurately modeling strongly inhomogeneous diffusion within polycrystalline structures. The proposed solver, termed Finite Difference informed Random Walk (FDiRW), integrates a customized Finite Difference (cFD) scheme tailored for fast diffusion along thin grain boundaries represented by a single layer of nodes. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the FDiRW solver achieves an impressive efficiency gain of 1560x compared to traditional Finite Difference methods while maintaining accuracy, making it feasible for personal computer machines to handle diffusional systems with strongly inhomogeneous diffusivity across static polycrystalline microstructures. The model has been successfully applied to simulate radiation defect evolution, showcasing its scalability to engineering scales in both length and time dimensions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10650,"journal":{"name":"Computational Materials Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142233898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-14DOI: 10.1016/j.commatsci.2024.113370
In the present study, we systematically explored the kinetic and thermodynamic properties of the ceramic phase MgAlB4 based on the first-principles calculations, and the adhesion work (Wad), interfacial energy (γ), atomic structure, and interfacial fracture mechanism of semi-coherent Al(111)/MgAlB4(0002) interfaces were also explored. The results show that the interfacial constructions of the MT (bridge) sites are unstable and the atoms at the interface move to the interior after relaxation. In addition, the obtained adhesion work and interfacial energy indicate that the stability of the HCP (hollow) sites interfacial configurations are higher than the MT and OT (on-top) sites. The interfacial structure of B-terminated Al(111)/MgAlB4(0002) HCP site is the most stable because it has the largest adhesion work and the smallest interfacial energy. The interfacial electronic structures indicate the B-Al covalent bonds are formed at the Al(111)/ MgAlB4(0002) interface, while mechanical failure in the B-terminated HCP site interfacial configuration occurs in the Al phase. Ultimately, the results show that the ceramic phase MgAlB4 particle reinforcement can effectively enhance the strength and plasticity of the Al-based composites.
{"title":"Revealing the adhesion strength, fracture mechanism and stability of semi-coherent Al(111)/MgAlB4(0002) interfaces: A first-principles investigation","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.commatsci.2024.113370","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.commatsci.2024.113370","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the present study, we systematically explored the kinetic and thermodynamic properties of the ceramic phase MgAlB<sub>4</sub> based on the first-principles calculations, and the adhesion work (<em>W</em><sub>ad</sub>), interfacial energy (<em>γ</em>), atomic structure, and interfacial fracture mechanism of semi-coherent Al(111)/MgAlB<sub>4</sub>(0002) interfaces were also explored. The results show that the interfacial constructions of the MT (bridge) sites are unstable and the atoms at the interface move to the interior after relaxation. In addition, the obtained adhesion work and interfacial energy indicate that the stability of the HCP (hollow) sites interfacial configurations are higher than the MT and OT (on-top) sites. The interfacial structure of B-terminated Al(111)/MgAlB<sub>4</sub>(0002) HCP site is the most stable because it has the largest adhesion work and the smallest interfacial energy. The interfacial electronic structures indicate the B-Al covalent bonds are formed at the Al(111)/ MgAlB<sub>4</sub>(0002) interface, while mechanical failure in the B-terminated HCP site interfacial configuration occurs in the Al phase. Ultimately, the results show that the ceramic phase MgAlB<sub>4</sub> particle reinforcement can effectively enhance the strength and plasticity of the Al-based composites.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10650,"journal":{"name":"Computational Materials Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142232321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-13DOI: 10.1016/j.commatsci.2024.113360
Polymer crystallization is an important research topic in materials sciences. The phase field model is employed to simulate the growth of spherulites and shish-kebabs for the semi-crystalline polymer under melt flows. Firstly, the phase field equation is discretized by the finite difference method(FDM), the energy equation is solved by the finite volume method(FVM), and the governing equation of viscous polymer melts is modeled and solved by the lattice Boltzmann method(LBM). And then the numerical simulations are conducted for the growth process of spherulites and shish-kebabs under the static and flowing conditions, respectively. Morever, the growth of shish-kebabs are simulated in two different mold cavities under melt flows and compared with each other. Finally, the growth of co-existed spherulites and shish-kebabs are simulated in both static and flowing states. Numerical results show that the coupled FD-FV-LB algorithm could successfully capture the growth interfaces of spherulites and shish-kebabs. The complex cavity makes the flow more complex, thereby changing the crystal morphologies. The melt flow makes the polymer crystals grow faster and densely towards the upstream direction, and increase the temperatures of the crystals.
{"title":"Numerical simulation of spherulite and shish-kebab growth for semi-crystalline polymer melts via phase-field model","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.commatsci.2024.113360","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.commatsci.2024.113360","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Polymer crystallization is an important research topic in materials sciences. The phase field model is employed to simulate the growth of spherulites and shish-kebabs for the semi-crystalline polymer under melt flows. Firstly, the phase field equation is discretized by the finite difference method(FDM), the energy equation is solved by the finite volume method(FVM), and the governing equation of viscous polymer melts is modeled and solved by the lattice Boltzmann method(LBM). And then the numerical simulations are conducted for the growth process of spherulites and shish-kebabs under the static and flowing conditions, respectively. Morever, the growth of shish-kebabs are simulated in two different mold cavities under melt flows and compared with each other. Finally, the growth of co-existed spherulites and shish-kebabs are simulated in both static and flowing states. Numerical results show that the coupled FD-FV-LB algorithm could successfully capture the growth interfaces of spherulites and shish-kebabs. The complex cavity makes the flow more complex, thereby changing the crystal morphologies. The melt flow makes the polymer crystals grow faster and densely towards the upstream direction, and increase the temperatures of the crystals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10650,"journal":{"name":"Computational Materials Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142229994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-13DOI: 10.1016/j.commatsci.2024.113355
A new mixed-mode cohesive zone model based on Lennard-Jones potential (LJCZM) is proposed to simulate the interface failure between graphene and epoxy matrix. The values of model parameters are obtained from a large number of molecular dynamics simulations, and a UMAT subroutine is programmed and validated to introduce this model into the ABAQUS platform. This process spans from the nanoscale to the microscale, which provides a new routine for the multiscale damage modeling of the graphene reinforced epoxy nanocomposite at microscale. In addition, the continuous damage phase-field model is used to simulate the matrix damage, and the values of model parameters are determined from the molecular dynamic simulations of the bulk epoxy at nanoscale. At last, the effects of parameters such as volume fraction, aspect ratio, orientation, and curvature of graphene nanoplatelets are investigated. The results indicate that the nanocomposite reinforced with high content and large aspect ratio graphene nanoplatelets presents the lower ultimate stress and fracture strain. In addition, the orientation and waviness of the graphene also significantly affect the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites. The nanocomposite reinforced with graphene platelets with greater waviness has higher stiffness and strength but lower toughness. The rationality and effectiveness of the model are verified through comparison with other existing results.
本文提出了一种基于伦纳德-琼斯势(LJCZM)的新型混合模式内聚区模型,用于模拟石墨烯与环氧树脂基体之间的界面破坏。模型参数值从大量分子动力学模拟中获得,并通过编程和验证 UMAT 子程序将该模型引入 ABAQUS 平台。这一过程从纳米尺度跨越到微观尺度,为石墨烯增强环氧纳米复合材料在微观尺度上的多尺度损伤建模提供了新的例程。此外,该模型采用连续损伤相场模型模拟基体损伤,模型参数值由纳米尺度的大块环氧树脂分子动力学模拟确定。最后,研究了石墨烯纳米片的体积分数、长宽比、取向和曲率等参数的影响。结果表明,高含量、大纵横比石墨烯纳米片增强的纳米复合材料具有较低的极限应力和断裂应变。此外,石墨烯的取向和波形也会显著影响纳米复合材料的力学性能。用波浪度较大的石墨烯平板增强的纳米复合材料具有较高的刚度和强度,但韧性较低。通过与其他现有结果的比较,验证了该模型的合理性和有效性。
{"title":"A Lennard-Jones potential based cohesive zone model and its application in multiscale damage simulation of graphene reinforced nanocomposites","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.commatsci.2024.113355","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.commatsci.2024.113355","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A new mixed-mode cohesive zone model based on Lennard-Jones potential (LJCZM) is proposed to simulate the interface failure between graphene and epoxy matrix. The values of model parameters are obtained from a large number of molecular dynamics simulations, and a UMAT subroutine is programmed and validated to introduce this model into the ABAQUS platform. This process spans from the nanoscale to the microscale, which provides a new routine for the multiscale damage modeling of the graphene reinforced epoxy nanocomposite at microscale. In addition, the continuous damage phase-field model is used to simulate the matrix damage, and the values of model parameters are determined from the molecular dynamic simulations of the bulk epoxy at nanoscale. At last, the effects of parameters such as volume fraction, aspect ratio, orientation, and curvature of graphene nanoplatelets are investigated. The results indicate that the nanocomposite reinforced with high content and large aspect ratio graphene nanoplatelets presents the lower ultimate stress and fracture strain. In addition, the orientation and waviness of the graphene also significantly affect the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites. The nanocomposite reinforced with graphene platelets with greater waviness has higher stiffness and strength but lower toughness. The rationality and effectiveness of the model are verified through comparison with other existing results.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10650,"journal":{"name":"Computational Materials Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142229993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-13DOI: 10.1016/j.commatsci.2024.113367
Molecular dynamics simulations were conducted on two model antiparallel β-sheet crystallites [GA]n and [GAS]n to study deformation in chain, sheet stacking, and hydrogen bonding directions under uniaxial loading. In chain direction, both models were mechanically stable, even beyond the 570 K amorphousation temperature of silk fiber; however, [GA]n model displayed higher yield strain, stress, elastic modulus, and resilience than [GAS]n. In transverse directions, they had similar stress–strain behavior and demonstrated significant anisotropic mechanical behavior. Hence, inclusion of an amino acid with a rich side chain group extending between β-sheets reduces the stiffness of crystallite in chain direction. Serine and alanine residues maintained existing H-bonds and established new ones during stretching in chain direction and shrinking in transverse directions which affected the mechanical response near the yield point. Comparison between β-sheet crystallite and PPTA (Kevlar) showed that the mechanical performance of these crystal polymers were very similar in chain direction, but contrarily β-sheet crystallite had higher stiffness in H-bonding and sheet stacking directions than PPTA. This study may provide a guideline in designing of polyaminoacid based biocompatible materials with superior mechanical performance.
对两种反平行β片状晶体模型[GA]n和[GAS]n进行了分子动力学模拟,以研究在单轴载荷作用下链向、片状堆积和氢键方向的变形。在链方向上,两种模型都具有机械稳定性,甚至超过了丝纤维 570 K 的非晶化温度;但是,[GA]n 模型的屈服应变、应力、弹性模量和回弹性均高于 [GAS]n。在横向上,它们具有相似的应力-应变行为,并表现出明显的各向异性机械行为。因此,在β片之间加入具有丰富侧链基团的氨基酸会降低晶粒在链方向上的刚度。丝氨酸和丙氨酸残基在链向拉伸和横向收缩过程中保持了现有的 H 键并建立了新的 H 键,这影响了屈服点附近的机械响应。β片状结晶与 PPTA(凯芙拉)的比较表明,这两种晶体聚合物在链方向上的机械性能非常相似,但β片状结晶在 H 键和片状堆积方向上的刚度却高于 PPTA。这项研究可为设计具有优异机械性能的聚氨基酸基生物兼容材料提供指导。
{"title":"Molecular dynamics modelling of the stress–strain response of β-sheet nanocrystals","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.commatsci.2024.113367","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.commatsci.2024.113367","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Molecular dynamics simulations were conducted on two model antiparallel β-sheet crystallites [GA]n and [GAS]n to study deformation in chain, sheet stacking, and hydrogen bonding directions under uniaxial loading. In chain direction, both models were mechanically stable, even beyond the 570 K amorphousation temperature of silk fiber; however, [GA]n model displayed higher yield strain, stress, elastic modulus, and resilience than [GAS]n. In transverse directions, they had similar stress–strain behavior and demonstrated significant anisotropic mechanical behavior. Hence, inclusion of an amino acid with a rich side chain group extending between β-sheets reduces the stiffness of crystallite in chain direction. Serine and alanine residues maintained existing H-bonds and established new ones during stretching in chain direction and shrinking in transverse directions which affected the mechanical response near the yield point. Comparison between β-sheet crystallite and PPTA (Kevlar) showed that the mechanical performance of these crystal polymers were very similar in chain direction, but contrarily β-sheet crystallite had higher stiffness in H-bonding and sheet stacking directions than PPTA. This study may provide a guideline in designing of polyaminoacid based biocompatible materials with superior mechanical performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10650,"journal":{"name":"Computational Materials Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142229992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-13DOI: 10.1016/j.commatsci.2024.113359
Recently, the stanene (Sn)/hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) van der Waals heterostructure (vdW) has garnered significant attention among the scientific community due to its distinctive electrical, optical, and thermal characteristics. Despite the promising potential of this heterostructure, the interfacial thermal resistance (ITR) between the Sn and h-BN layers remains unexplored. Understanding and modulating this ITR are essential steps towards harnessing the maximum potential of these materials in practical nanodevices. This study aims to investigate the interfacial thermal resistance (ITR) between the Sn and h-BN layers through the use of conventional molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The transient pump–probe heating technique, commonly referred to as the Fast Pump Probe (FPP) approach, is utilized to analyze the ITR of the Sn/h-BN heterostructure. The estimated ITR value of a 30 × 10 nm2 Sn/h-BN nanosheet is found to be around ∼ 7 × 10-8 K.m2/W at room temperature. This study comprehensively investigates the impact of various internal and external parameters including nanosheet size, system temperature, contact pressure, vacancy concentration, and mechanical tensile strain (uniaxial and biaxial) on ITR, providing an extensive understanding of how these factors collectively affect the thermal resistance between Sn and h-BN layers. The simulation results demonstrate a consistent decline in ITR by approximately ∼ 93 %, ∼45 %, ∼65 %, and ∼ 33 % with the increasing system size, temperature, contact pressure, and defect concentration, respectively. In contrast, increasing mechanical strain leads to a substantial enhancement in ITR, with a maximum increase of approximately ∼ 47 % under uniaxial tensile strain and almost ∼ 99 % under biaxial tensile strain. Moreover, the pristine Sn/h-BN heterostructure exhibits no significant thermal rectification effect. The Phonon Density of States (PDOS) profile of the Sn and h-BN layer is calculated to elucidate this underlying behavior of ITR. The PDOS analysis reveals that heat is transported from h-BN to the Sn layer through efficient coupling of low-frequency flexural phonons between these two materials. This work will provide both theoretical support and logical guidelines for modulating thermal resistance across diverse dissimilar material interfaces, which will be necessary for the development of advanced nanodevices used in next-generation nanoelectronics, nanophotonic, and optoelectronics applications.
{"title":"Interfacial thermal resistance in stanene/ hexagonal boron nitride van der Waals heterostructures: A molecular dynamics study","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.commatsci.2024.113359","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.commatsci.2024.113359","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recently, the stanene (Sn)/hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) van der Waals heterostructure (vdW) has garnered significant attention among the scientific community due to its distinctive electrical, optical, and thermal characteristics. Despite the promising potential of this heterostructure, the interfacial thermal resistance (ITR) between the Sn and h-BN layers remains unexplored. Understanding and modulating this ITR are essential steps towards harnessing the maximum potential of these materials in practical nanodevices. This study aims to investigate the interfacial thermal resistance (ITR) between the Sn and h-BN layers through the use of conventional molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The transient pump–probe heating technique, commonly referred to as the Fast Pump Probe (FPP) approach, is utilized to analyze the ITR of the Sn/h-BN heterostructure. The estimated ITR value of a 30 × 10 nm<sup>2</sup> Sn/h-BN nanosheet is found to be around ∼ 7 × 10<sup>-8</sup> K.m<sup>2</sup>/W at room temperature. This study comprehensively investigates the impact of various internal and external parameters including nanosheet size, system temperature, contact pressure, vacancy concentration, and mechanical tensile strain (uniaxial and biaxial) on ITR, providing an extensive understanding of how these factors collectively affect the thermal resistance between Sn and h-BN layers. The simulation<!--> <!-->results demonstrate a consistent decline in ITR by approximately ∼ 93 %, ∼45 %, ∼65 %, and ∼ 33 % with the increasing system size, temperature, contact pressure, and defect concentration, respectively. In contrast, increasing mechanical strain leads to a substantial enhancement in ITR, with a maximum increase of approximately ∼ 47 % under uniaxial tensile strain and almost ∼ 99 % under biaxial tensile strain. Moreover, the pristine Sn/h-BN heterostructure exhibits no significant thermal rectification effect. The Phonon Density of States (PDOS) profile of the Sn and h-BN layer is calculated to elucidate this underlying behavior of ITR. The PDOS analysis reveals that heat is transported from h-BN to the Sn layer through efficient coupling of low-frequency flexural phonons between these two materials. This work will provide both theoretical support and logical guidelines for modulating thermal resistance across diverse dissimilar material interfaces, which will be necessary for the development of advanced nanodevices used in next-generation nanoelectronics, nanophotonic, and optoelectronics applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10650,"journal":{"name":"Computational Materials Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142229925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-12DOI: 10.1016/j.commatsci.2024.113357
Powder metallurgy hot isostatic pressing (PM-HIP) has emerged as a promising alternative to welding for joining dissimilar metals. During HIP, interfacial bonding is mediated by solid state diffusion. The interdiffusion zone across the interface depends on processing conditions, calling for the need for accurate numerical tools capable of simulating interdiffusion and possible phase transformation in order to optimize processing parameters. Here, a phase-field (PF) model based on CALPHAD-based free energy functionals is developed to simulate the interdiffusion and phase evolution between dissimilar Fe–Cr–Ni based steels undergoing HIP and is demonstrated using the interface between 316L and SA508 steels. To overcome the numerical challenges caused by the singular magnetic and entropy terms in the CALPHAD free energy models in the Fe–Cr-Ni system, polynomial functions are fitted with temperature dependent coefficients represented by Fourier series to accurately describe the phase stability of both fcc and bcc phases in the composition and temperature space. This enables simulations of non-isothermal HIP cycles. Diffusivity data from commercial software and literature are taken to parameterize the kinetic parameters. A discrete nucleation model is incorporated for possible phase transformation. The modified thermodynamic models are validated against previous experiments at 923 K and 1273 K. The interdiffusion kinetics are benchmarked against new HIP experiments joining powder and bulk 316L to bulk SA508 with three different HIP cycles. The good agreement between simulations and experiments on both phase stability and interdiffusion indicate that the model is suitable for simulating interdiffusion between Fe–Cr–Ni alloys during HIP cycles. It is also found that using powder and bulk 316L gives similar interdiffusion profiles at elevated temperature when a dense interface forms during HIP.
粉末冶金热等静压(PM-HIP)已成为焊接异种金属的一种很有前途的替代方法。在热等静压过程中,界面结合是通过固态扩散实现的。界面上的相互扩散区取决于加工条件,因此需要精确的数值工具来模拟相互扩散和可能的相变,以优化加工参数。在此,我们基于基于 CALPHAD 的自由能函数开发了一个相场 (PF) 模型,用于模拟正在进行 HIP 的不同铁-铬-镍基钢之间的相互扩散和相变,并使用 316L 和 SA508 钢之间的界面进行了演示。为了克服铁-铬-镍体系中 CALPHAD 自由能模型中的奇异磁性和熵项所带来的数值挑战,使用傅里叶级数表示的温度相关系数拟合多项式函数,以准确描述成分和温度空间中 fcc 和 bcc 相的相稳定性。这样就可以模拟非等温 HIP 循环。从商业软件和文献中获取的扩散率数据被用于动力学参数的参数化。针对可能发生的相变,加入了离散成核模型。修改后的热力学模型与之前在 923 K 和 1273 K 下进行的实验进行了验证。模拟与实验在相稳定性和相互扩散方面的良好一致性表明,该模型适用于模拟 HIP 循环过程中铁-铬-镍合金之间的相互扩散。研究还发现,当 HIP 期间形成致密界面时,使用粉末和块体 316L 可在高温下得到相似的相互扩散曲线。
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Pub Date : 2024-09-11DOI: 10.1016/j.commatsci.2024.113326
The paper considers electronic structure of pristine and defective nickel ferrite (spinel ). The orbital ordering, band gap and charge transfer are studied in the framework of density functional theory with account of strong electronic correlations (DFT+U method). The possibility of changing the type of polaron transport in the presence of oxygen vacancies and nickel antisites has been demonstrated. The corresponding non-adiabatic activation barriers of polaron transport is considered. The resulting hopping energies are in general agreement with experimentally observed activation energies. The highlighted influence of point defects on the polaron conductivity mechanism could be a suitable explanation for the large variability of activation energies in previous experimental works. NEGF-DFT calculations were also performed to consider a possible band conduction mechanism. The enhanced conduction with the presence of oxygen bi-vacancies, and a change in carrier type is also observed.
{"title":"Influence of point defects on charge transport in nickel ferrite NiFe2O4","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.commatsci.2024.113326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.commatsci.2024.113326","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The paper considers electronic structure of pristine and defective nickel ferrite (spinel <span><math><mrow><mtext>Ni</mtext><msub><mrow><mtext>Fe</mtext></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext>O</mtext></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>). The orbital ordering, band gap and charge transfer are studied in the framework of density functional theory with account of strong electronic correlations (DFT+U method). The possibility of changing the type of polaron transport in the presence of oxygen vacancies and nickel antisites has been demonstrated. The corresponding non-adiabatic activation barriers of polaron transport is considered. The resulting hopping energies are in general agreement with experimentally observed activation energies. The highlighted influence of point defects on the polaron conductivity mechanism could be a suitable explanation for the large variability of activation energies in previous experimental works. NEGF-DFT calculations were also performed to consider a possible band conduction mechanism. The enhanced conduction with the presence of oxygen bi-vacancies, and a change in carrier type is also observed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10650,"journal":{"name":"Computational Materials Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142169498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-11DOI: 10.1016/j.commatsci.2024.113345
Data-driven techniques are used to predict the actuation strain (AS) of NiTiHfX shape memory alloy (SMA). A Machine Learning (ML) approach is used to overcome the high dimensional dependency of NiTiHfX AS on numerous factors, as well as the lack of fully known governing physics. Detailed data extraction on available experimental studies is performed to gather any related information about the actuation strain. The elemental composition, manufacturing approaches, thermal treatments, applied stress, and post-processing steps that are commonly used to process NiTiHfX and have an impact on the material AS are used as input parameters of the ML models. Since a broad data collection is performed the information for each input factor was sufficient for the use of the majority of the accessible information in the literature on NiTiHfX AS. Considering most of the regular NiTiHfX processing factors also enables the option of tuning additional characteristics of NiTiHfX in addition to the ASs. The work is unique as is the first to fully investigate the NiTiHfX actuation strain prediction.
To forecast the NiTiHfX AS, a total of 901 data sets or 17,119 data points for eighteen inputs and one output were gathered, verified, and selected. Several machine-learning approaches were applied and joined to gather to guarantee robust modeling. The global model’s overall determination factor (R2) was 0.96, suggesting the viability of the proposed NN model. Such a model opens the possibility of intelligent material selection and processing to maximize the AS or shape memory effect of NiTiHf SMA.
数据驱动技术用于预测 NiTiHfX 形状记忆合金 (SMA) 的致动应变 (AS)。机器学习(ML)方法用于克服 NiTiHfX AS 与众多因素的高维度依赖性,以及缺乏完全已知的控制物理学。对现有实验研究进行了详细的数据提取,以收集有关致动应变的任何相关信息。常用于加工 NiTiHfX 并对材料 AS 有影响的元素组成、制造方法、热处理、外加应力和后处理步骤被用作 ML 模型的输入参数。由于进行了广泛的数据收集,每个输入因素的信息都足以使用有关 NiTiHfX AS 的大部分文献信息。考虑到大多数常规的 NiTiHfX 加工因素,除了 AS 之外,还可以选择调整 NiTiHfX 的其他特性。为了预测 NiTiHfX AS,我们收集、验证并选择了 18 个输入和 1 个输出的 901 个数据集或 17119 个数据点。为保证建模的稳健性,我们采用了多种机器学习方法,并将其结合起来。全局模型的总体决定系数(R2)为 0.96,表明所提议的 NN 模型是可行的。这种模型为智能材料选择和加工提供了可能性,以最大限度地提高镍钛铪 SMA 的 AS 或形状记忆效应。
{"title":"Predicting actuation strain in quaternary shape memory alloy NiTiHfX using machine learning","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.commatsci.2024.113345","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.commatsci.2024.113345","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Data-driven techniques are used to predict the actuation strain (AS) of NiTiHfX shape memory alloy (SMA). A Machine Learning (ML) approach is used to overcome the high dimensional dependency of NiTiHfX AS on numerous factors, as well as the lack of fully known governing physics. Detailed data extraction on available experimental studies is performed to gather any related information about the actuation strain. The elemental composition, manufacturing approaches, thermal treatments, applied stress, and post-processing steps that are commonly used to process NiTiHfX and have an impact on the material AS are used as input parameters of the ML models. Since a broad data collection is performed the information for each input factor was sufficient for the use of the majority of the accessible information in the literature on NiTiHfX AS. Considering most of the regular NiTiHfX processing factors also enables the option of tuning additional characteristics of NiTiHfX in addition to the ASs. The work is unique as is the first to fully investigate the NiTiHfX actuation strain prediction.</p><p>To forecast the NiTiHfX AS, a total of 901 data sets or 17,119 data points for eighteen inputs and one output were gathered, verified, and selected. Several machine-learning approaches were applied and joined to gather to guarantee robust modeling. The global model’s overall determination factor (R<sup>2</sup>) was 0.96, suggesting the viability of the proposed NN model. Such a model opens the possibility of intelligent material selection and processing to maximize the AS or shape memory effect of NiTiHf SMA.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10650,"journal":{"name":"Computational Materials Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927025624005664/pdfft?md5=232342533694fd5540ee0b92d02bc792&pid=1-s2.0-S0927025624005664-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142169499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}