Pub Date : 2023-04-12DOI: 10.9734/ajgr/2023/v6i1172
Forests preservation and restoration are crucial, to sustain ecological and social benefits. Agroforestry systems are important land use restoration instruments because they allow food production combined with sustainable forest management. There are different kinds of agroforestry systems, and they can occur in degradedareas andin forested areas which are legally protected or not. In Brazil, where forests cover 46.5% of land area, deforestation continues and there are several challenges to protect and restore forests. Permanent Preservation Areas (PPA) and Legal Reservation Areas (LRA), which have been institutionalized in Brazilian Environmental Legislation require the maintenance of areas with native vegetation within rural properties restricting certain activities. Historically, they have not been duly respected by most land owners where riverbanks, springs, slopes and other areas have been occupied suppressing natural vegetation. Thus, there are possibilities for ecological management and use of PPA and mainly LRA, which seek to both preserve environmental resources and contribute to food production and income, especially in the campesino smallholders. This paper discusses possibilities and limitations of using agroforestry systems in PPA and LRA, pointing out that agroforestry systems are also feasible for restoring degraded areas and for expanding enriched areas and uses of their natural resources. Despite legal possibilities, a historical problem in Brazil is related to the lack of compliance with environmental legislation. Moreover, the scenario of deforestation and several difficulties to advance in environmental management in Brazil have been harming this conservationist possibilities.
{"title":"Agroforestry Systems on Brazilian Legal Protected Lands: Permanent Preservation Areas (PPA) and Legal Reservation Areas (LRA)","authors":"","doi":"10.9734/ajgr/2023/v6i1172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajgr/2023/v6i1172","url":null,"abstract":"Forests preservation and restoration are crucial, to sustain ecological and social benefits. Agroforestry systems are important land use restoration instruments because they allow food production combined with sustainable forest management. There are different kinds of agroforestry systems, and they can occur in degradedareas andin forested areas which are legally protected or not. In Brazil, where forests cover 46.5% of land area, deforestation continues and there are several challenges to protect and restore forests. Permanent Preservation Areas (PPA) and Legal Reservation Areas (LRA), which have been institutionalized in Brazilian Environmental Legislation require the maintenance of areas with native vegetation within rural properties restricting certain activities. Historically, they have not been duly respected by most land owners where riverbanks, springs, slopes and other areas have been occupied suppressing natural vegetation. Thus, there are possibilities for ecological management and use of PPA and mainly LRA, which seek to both preserve environmental resources and contribute to food production and income, especially in the campesino smallholders. This paper discusses possibilities and limitations of using agroforestry systems in PPA and LRA, pointing out that agroforestry systems are also feasible for restoring degraded areas and for expanding enriched areas and uses of their natural resources. Despite legal possibilities, a historical problem in Brazil is related to the lack of compliance with environmental legislation. Moreover, the scenario of deforestation and several difficulties to advance in environmental management in Brazil have been harming this conservationist possibilities.","PeriodicalId":106705,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Geographical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125598701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-10DOI: 10.9734/ajgr/2023/v6i1171
E. Ogunbodede, A. S. Ale, B. A. Ogundare
The research aimed at examining the policy of the State Government in providing free shuttle buses for the students in the state. Seven towns in Ondo State, where free shuttle buses were operating were purposively selected. The selected Towns were Ikare, Owo, Akure, Ondo, Okitipupa, Irele and Igbokoda. Five public schools were randomly selected using balloting method in each of the Towns. In all, thirty-five schools were involved in the research. Furthermore, ten students from each arm of the classes (JSS I to SSS III) were selected using balloting method of sampling technique. In-depth interview were conducted on parents and Principal of the schools. Quantitative data were collected through structured questionnaire administered to students, teachers and operators of the shuttle buses. Secondary source of data include the use of maps (Ondo State map), published articles and journals. Information on school population and other information on public schools relevant to this research were collected from the State Ministry of Education. Data collected from the field were analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques. The result shows that since the commencement of the free bus shuttle, rate of lateness had been drastically reduced. Moral teaching and instructions given at the morning assembly had impact on larger number of students who come to school on time. The Result also revealed high rate of cognitive development of the students’ base on class’s attendance. The paper recommends that more buses should be provided for the schools and that all schools in the state should be included in the scheme.
{"title":"A Geographical Analysis of Free Bus Shuttle System in Ondo State, Nigeria","authors":"E. Ogunbodede, A. S. Ale, B. A. Ogundare","doi":"10.9734/ajgr/2023/v6i1171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajgr/2023/v6i1171","url":null,"abstract":"The research aimed at examining the policy of the State Government in providing free shuttle buses for the students in the state. Seven towns in Ondo State, where free shuttle buses were operating were purposively selected. The selected Towns were Ikare, Owo, Akure, Ondo, Okitipupa, Irele and Igbokoda. Five public schools were randomly selected using balloting method in each of the Towns. In all, thirty-five schools were involved in the research. Furthermore, ten students from each arm of the classes (JSS I to SSS III) were selected using balloting method of sampling technique. In-depth interview were conducted on parents and Principal of the schools. Quantitative data were collected through structured questionnaire administered to students, teachers and operators of the shuttle buses. Secondary source of data include the use of maps (Ondo State map), published articles and journals. Information on school population and other information on public schools relevant to this research were collected from the State Ministry of Education. Data collected from the field were analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques. The result shows that since the commencement of the free bus shuttle, rate of lateness had been drastically reduced. Moral teaching and instructions given at the morning assembly had impact on larger number of students who come to school on time. The Result also revealed high rate of cognitive development of the students’ base on class’s attendance. The paper recommends that more buses should be provided for the schools and that all schools in the state should be included in the scheme.","PeriodicalId":106705,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Geographical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132930592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.9734/ajgr/2022/v5i4170
Boluwaduro C. Adeboyejo, Miracle H. Kure, Akintunde O. Onamade, Oreoluwa O. Gbolade, S. Archibong
The power that develops when communities define their urban planning agendas is now becoming more and more evident, and community-led development may offer long-lasting upgrades to metropolitan areas. A city's social and physical environment can either enable or hinder its residents' well-being and ability to become independent whereas there are still wide gaps between understanding the inclusive urban environment and a healthy environment. There remains an overwhelming reality of alienation of the users from their environment. The term inclusive cities are widely used to refer to the inclusion of marginalized communities – slum dwellers, migrants, minority groups, women or young people – in urban processes. This paper aimed at defining an inclusive and healthy urban environment in the global south, its benefits, and its characteristics to redefine the community. An empirical article review was conducted to establish the concepts. Findings from the reviews show different indicators of urban environment exclusion and drivers of inclusivity concepts. It is therefore concluded that for urban sustainability, each community should be given priority for an inclusive healthy urban environment. Stakeholders of the global south should therefore provide policies and implement programs for total inclusiveness.
{"title":"Inclusive and Healthy Urban Environment in the Global South: Definition, Characteristics and Benefits","authors":"Boluwaduro C. Adeboyejo, Miracle H. Kure, Akintunde O. Onamade, Oreoluwa O. Gbolade, S. Archibong","doi":"10.9734/ajgr/2022/v5i4170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajgr/2022/v5i4170","url":null,"abstract":"The power that develops when communities define their urban planning agendas is now becoming more and more evident, and community-led development may offer long-lasting upgrades to metropolitan areas. A city's social and physical environment can either enable or hinder its residents' well-being and ability to become independent whereas there are still wide gaps between understanding the inclusive urban environment and a healthy environment. There remains an overwhelming reality of alienation of the users from their environment. The term inclusive cities are widely used to refer to the inclusion of marginalized communities – slum dwellers, migrants, minority groups, women or young people – in urban processes. This paper aimed at defining an inclusive and healthy urban environment in the global south, its benefits, and its characteristics to redefine the community. An empirical article review was conducted to establish the concepts. Findings from the reviews show different indicators of urban environment exclusion and drivers of inclusivity concepts. It is therefore concluded that for urban sustainability, each community should be given priority for an inclusive healthy urban environment. Stakeholders of the global south should therefore provide policies and implement programs for total inclusiveness.","PeriodicalId":106705,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Geographical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128621384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.9734/ajgr/2022/v5i4168
Dhanraj Kalu Ahire, N. Bachhav
The present investigation was studying the regional disparities in level of economic development of Nashik district a geographical analysis. It was based on secondary data collected from different government organizations and in government reports. The data covered 2021-22. All the sectors of economic development indicators, cropping intensity, irrigation intensity, area under crops, electricity usage, working population, road distances, percentage of BPL family, were considered for this study. The Z score method was applied in analysing the measurement of economic development. The studied regional diversity which was found in economic development in the study region. High development was found in Nashik, Malegoan, Niphad and Baglan.tahsil while moderate economic development was recorded in Chandwad, Dindori, Sinnar and Yeola tahsils. Surgana, Kalwan, Deola, Nandgoan, Peint, Triembak and Igatpuri tahsil have recorded the lowest economic development. In comparison to other regions, Thus, physical features like topography, soil, rainfall, forest cover and manmade features like concentration of tribal population, percentage working population, crop and irrigation intensity were affected by uneven economic development in this study region. The present paper gave the geographical analysis of economic development in Nashik district during the period of 2021-22.
{"title":"Regional Disparities in the Level of Economic Development in Nashik District: A Geographical Analysis","authors":"Dhanraj Kalu Ahire, N. Bachhav","doi":"10.9734/ajgr/2022/v5i4168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajgr/2022/v5i4168","url":null,"abstract":"The present investigation was studying the regional disparities in level of economic development of Nashik district a geographical analysis. It was based on secondary data collected from different government organizations and in government reports. The data covered 2021-22. All the sectors of economic development indicators, cropping intensity, irrigation intensity, area under crops, electricity usage, working population, road distances, percentage of BPL family, were considered for this study. The Z score method was applied in analysing the measurement of economic development. The studied regional diversity which was found in economic development in the study region. High development was found in Nashik, Malegoan, Niphad and Baglan.tahsil while moderate economic development was recorded in Chandwad, Dindori, Sinnar and Yeola tahsils. Surgana, Kalwan, Deola, Nandgoan, Peint, Triembak and Igatpuri tahsil have recorded the lowest economic development. In comparison to other regions, Thus, physical features like topography, soil, rainfall, forest cover and manmade features like concentration of tribal population, percentage working population, crop and irrigation intensity were affected by uneven economic development in this study region. The present paper gave the geographical analysis of economic development in Nashik district during the period of 2021-22.","PeriodicalId":106705,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Geographical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115758857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.9734/ajgr/2022/v5i4169
Dr. Innocent E. Bello, Umar Bala Usman, Mahmud Abubakar
A general notion from majority of researchers noted that connecting rural-urban services with Information Technology (IT), Internet of Things (IoT), Information Communication Technology (ICT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) is making cities smarter. This is because, the global urban population is expected to grow by 63% between 2014 and 2050 – compared to an overall global population growth of 32% during the same period. The Federal Capital City (FCC), Abuja, Nigeria is no exception to urban population growth which requires IT, IoT, ICT and AI technologies if she must be regarded as a Smart City. This study was, therefore, aimed at mapping and assessing a three-decade urban dynamics of the FCC, Abuja, towards ascertaining the suitability of the FCC, Abuja being regarded as a Smart City. Three (3) epochs of Landsat ETM+ data from the US Global Land Cover Facility web platform was analyzed using the maximum likelihood algorithm to process the Remote Sensing images for thirty (30) years time period (2000, 2010, and 2020). The study shows that the urban builtup land cover increased significantly from 72.88 km2 (22.04%) in year 2000 to 145.77km2 (44.09%) in 2020. As the causative alteration of natural vegetation paved the way for urban infrastructure, the study re-affirms a corresponding effects on the decrease in light vegetation cover from 119.85km2 (36.25%) in 2000, to 29.24km2 (8.84%) in 2010, and down to as low as 13.49km2 (4.08%) in 2020. Other land covers also decreased due to population upsurge and physical urban developments. The findings confirm the suitability of the FCC, Abuja as an emerging Smart City as the study further revealed a number of efforts made to digitalized government services through e-governance. The total (overall) accuracy of the supervised classifications of LULC for 2000, 2010, and 2020 images were 97.3%, 99.2% and 99% respectively with corresponding strong positive Kappa statistics of 0.95, 0.99 and 0.97. It is recommended that Smart City initiatives anchored on digital hub tools such as IoT, AI and ICT; Remote Sensing; and GIS Technologies be deployed in the ongoing and future city-wide development initiatives in order to fast track smart, smooth, effective and efficient service delivery in the FCC, Abuja, Nigeria.
{"title":"Space-based Mapping and Assessment of a Three-decade Urban Landcover Dynamics towards a Smart Federal Capital City, Abuja, Nigeria","authors":"Dr. Innocent E. Bello, Umar Bala Usman, Mahmud Abubakar","doi":"10.9734/ajgr/2022/v5i4169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajgr/2022/v5i4169","url":null,"abstract":"A general notion from majority of researchers noted that connecting rural-urban services with Information Technology (IT), Internet of Things (IoT), Information Communication Technology (ICT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) is making cities smarter. This is because, the global urban population is expected to grow by 63% between 2014 and 2050 – compared to an overall global population growth of 32% during the same period. The Federal Capital City (FCC), Abuja, Nigeria is no exception to urban population growth which requires IT, IoT, ICT and AI technologies if she must be regarded as a Smart City. This study was, therefore, aimed at mapping and assessing a three-decade urban dynamics of the FCC, Abuja, towards ascertaining the suitability of the FCC, Abuja being regarded as a Smart City. Three (3) epochs of Landsat ETM+ data from the US Global Land Cover Facility web platform was analyzed using the maximum likelihood algorithm to process the Remote Sensing images for thirty (30) years time period (2000, 2010, and 2020). The study shows that the urban builtup land cover increased significantly from 72.88 km2 (22.04%) in year 2000 to 145.77km2 (44.09%) in 2020. As the causative alteration of natural vegetation paved the way for urban infrastructure, the study re-affirms a corresponding effects on the decrease in light vegetation cover from 119.85km2 (36.25%) in 2000, to 29.24km2 (8.84%) in 2010, and down to as low as 13.49km2 (4.08%) in 2020. Other land covers also decreased due to population upsurge and physical urban developments. The findings confirm the suitability of the FCC, Abuja as an emerging Smart City as the study further revealed a number of efforts made to digitalized government services through e-governance. The total (overall) accuracy of the supervised classifications of LULC for 2000, 2010, and 2020 images were 97.3%, 99.2% and 99% respectively with corresponding strong positive Kappa statistics of 0.95, 0.99 and 0.97. It is recommended that Smart City initiatives anchored on digital hub tools such as IoT, AI and ICT; Remote Sensing; and GIS Technologies be deployed in the ongoing and future city-wide development initiatives in order to fast track smart, smooth, effective and efficient service delivery in the FCC, Abuja, Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":106705,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Geographical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122553117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-09DOI: 10.9734/ajgr/2022/v5i4167
Kousik Das Malakar, Supriya Roy
Handicraft plays a very important role in representing the culture and traditions of any community. Indian handicrafts are highly eco-friendly, labour intensive, unorganized household sector, with huge potential for employment generation and foreign exchange earnings and practised extensively in the rural areas. Based on this background and field observations, this study aims to investigate the historical tradition, society, and livelihood transformation of the Malakar community in rural Bengal. This study made use of data gathered through field interviews and phone calls in rural Bengal. And data were calculated in both quantitative and qualitative ways. Key findings show that sholapith is a culturally significant eco-friendly craft that is part of the Hindu Community's historical heritage. And it will be the future scope of huge uses of any ceremony’s decoration and it fulfils the lives, livelihood, and societal identity of the 'Malakar' community. Socio-economically, the maker of the craft was not suitably developed in the aspects of income and other social things. According to this study, the Malakar community's cultural identity has been transformed and will decline in the future due to the transformation of traditional livelihoods. So, the historical-cultural community of Malakar and their inherited cultural works need to be developed and brought to more people's attention.
{"title":"Historical Tradition and Socio-cultural Transformation of the Malakar Community in Rural Bengal, India","authors":"Kousik Das Malakar, Supriya Roy","doi":"10.9734/ajgr/2022/v5i4167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajgr/2022/v5i4167","url":null,"abstract":"Handicraft plays a very important role in representing the culture and traditions of any community. Indian handicrafts are highly eco-friendly, labour intensive, unorganized household sector, with huge potential for employment generation and foreign exchange earnings and practised extensively in the rural areas. Based on this background and field observations, this study aims to investigate the historical tradition, society, and livelihood transformation of the Malakar community in rural Bengal. This study made use of data gathered through field interviews and phone calls in rural Bengal. And data were calculated in both quantitative and qualitative ways. Key findings show that sholapith is a culturally significant eco-friendly craft that is part of the Hindu Community's historical heritage. And it will be the future scope of huge uses of any ceremony’s decoration and it fulfils the lives, livelihood, and societal identity of the 'Malakar' community. Socio-economically, the maker of the craft was not suitably developed in the aspects of income and other social things. According to this study, the Malakar community's cultural identity has been transformed and will decline in the future due to the transformation of traditional livelihoods. So, the historical-cultural community of Malakar and their inherited cultural works need to be developed and brought to more people's attention.","PeriodicalId":106705,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Geographical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130735916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To respond to the degradation of natural resources and the installation of an imbalance between production and consumption needs, the populations of Orodara have adopted an association of fruit arboriculture and cereal growing on the same plot. These changes have favoured the development of a specific agrarian landscape of the fruit agroforestry type. This study questions the evolution of soil fertility in the face of land use dynamics in Orodara. The exploitation of Landsat satellite images of multi-dates (1991 to 2018) made it possible to obtain information on land use. Fertility data were obtained from the analysis of the organic matter, the sum of exchangeable bases as well as the hydrogen potential (pH) of soils from 1997 to 2019. The analysis of our results shows a production system dominated by fruit growing in association with cereal growing. Two units of agricultural occupation were divided in 1991 between annual crops (56%) and permanent crops (4%). Between 2002 and 2018, a third unit developed from the association of the first two, occupying 39% of the total area in 2018, compared to 19 and 13% respectively occupied by annual and permanent crops. This dynamic affects the evolution of soil fertility. From 1997 to 2019, fertility decreased by 23% from the average rate and increased by 22% from the low fertility rate. Contrary to the increase in vegetation cover, the level of soil fertility declines, compromising the sustainability of agricultural production in the municipality of Orodara.
{"title":"Land use Dynamic and Soil Fertility in the Orodara Municipality, Burkina Faso","authors":"Kékélé Adama, P.M.J Sie, Sanogo Fatimata, Somé Yélézouomin Stéphane Corentin","doi":"10.9734/ajgr/2022/v5i4151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajgr/2022/v5i4151","url":null,"abstract":"To respond to the degradation of natural resources and the installation of an imbalance between production and consumption needs, the populations of Orodara have adopted an association of fruit arboriculture and cereal growing on the same plot. These changes have favoured the development of a specific agrarian landscape of the fruit agroforestry type. This study questions the evolution of soil fertility in the face of land use dynamics in Orodara. The exploitation of Landsat satellite images of multi-dates (1991 to 2018) made it possible to obtain information on land use. Fertility data were obtained from the analysis of the organic matter, the sum of exchangeable bases as well as the hydrogen potential (pH) of soils from 1997 to 2019. The analysis of our results shows a production system dominated by fruit growing in association with cereal growing. Two units of agricultural occupation were divided in 1991 between annual crops (56%) and permanent crops (4%). Between 2002 and 2018, a third unit developed from the association of the first two, occupying 39% of the total area in 2018, compared to 19 and 13% respectively occupied by annual and permanent crops. This dynamic affects the evolution of soil fertility. From 1997 to 2019, fertility decreased by 23% from the average rate and increased by 22% from the low fertility rate. Contrary to the increase in vegetation cover, the level of soil fertility declines, compromising the sustainability of agricultural production in the municipality of Orodara.","PeriodicalId":106705,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Geographical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134011397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-12DOI: 10.9734/ajgr/2022/v5i3150
A. S. Chandel, Tariku Gemede Bedecha, Esayas Girma Hordofa, M. Mathewos, Daba Biru Leta
Women are active participants in almost every aspect of agricultural activity around the world. However, due to the deep-rooted gender division of labor in developing countries, their contribution is underestimated. Despite having the fastest growing economy in the world, Ethiopia is still one of the poorest nations. It is vulnerable to weather-related shocks and suffers from widespread food insecurity, particularly among rural populations and smallholder farmers. In Ethiopia, women farmers perform 75 percent of farm labor, which accounts for 70 percent of household food production, but they typically produce up to 35 percent less than male farmers because they have less access to extension services. Therefore, the study focused on reflecting on the role of women in Ethiopian agriculture. This study was conducted at Oda Dawt Kebele, Teyo District, Arsi Zone, and the Oromia Regional State in Ethiopia. The main objective of the study was to identify and examine the role of women in agriculture. Quantitative and qualitative techniques were used to collect data from primary and secondary sources. The researcher used a simple random sampling technique and chose 405 women as the sample size. The questionnaires were written in English for data collection and then translated into the local Afan Oromo language for easier comprehension by respondents. The data collected was also analyzed using a variety of statistical techniques. The main objectives of this evidence-based study were to identify and examine the role of women in agriculture and related sectors. The study results suggest that women play an important role in farming activities that are underestimated. In general, the study emphasizes the importance of the male and female workforce for the economic or agricultural sector. Recognition of the roles and contributions of women in social and economic development, particularly by planners and policymakers, to improve the status of women and increase food security at household and national levels. The purpose of this study is to highlight the important role of women in agricultural activities as the number of studies on the role of women in agriculture increases. In addition, the results of this research could be useful for planners, decision-makers, and practitioners as effective use of women's labor power are required. In general, the study discovers or emphasizes the importance of the female labor force, as opposed to the male labor force, in contributing to the economic activity of the agricultural sector.
{"title":"Contributions of Ethiopian Women in Farming and Its Allied Fields","authors":"A. S. Chandel, Tariku Gemede Bedecha, Esayas Girma Hordofa, M. Mathewos, Daba Biru Leta","doi":"10.9734/ajgr/2022/v5i3150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajgr/2022/v5i3150","url":null,"abstract":"Women are active participants in almost every aspect of agricultural activity around the world. However, due to the deep-rooted gender division of labor in developing countries, their contribution is underestimated. Despite having the fastest growing economy in the world, Ethiopia is still one of the poorest nations. It is vulnerable to weather-related shocks and suffers from widespread food insecurity, particularly among rural populations and smallholder farmers. In Ethiopia, women farmers perform 75 percent of farm labor, which accounts for 70 percent of household food production, but they typically produce up to 35 percent less than male farmers because they have less access to extension services. Therefore, the study focused on reflecting on the role of women in Ethiopian agriculture. This study was conducted at Oda Dawt Kebele, Teyo District, Arsi Zone, and the Oromia Regional State in Ethiopia. The main objective of the study was to identify and examine the role of women in agriculture. Quantitative and qualitative techniques were used to collect data from primary and secondary sources. The researcher used a simple random sampling technique and chose 405 women as the sample size. The questionnaires were written in English for data collection and then translated into the local Afan Oromo language for easier comprehension by respondents. The data collected was also analyzed using a variety of statistical techniques. The main objectives of this evidence-based study were to identify and examine the role of women in agriculture and related sectors. The study results suggest that women play an important role in farming activities that are underestimated. In general, the study emphasizes the importance of the male and female workforce for the economic or agricultural sector. Recognition of the roles and contributions of women in social and economic development, particularly by planners and policymakers, to improve the status of women and increase food security at household and national levels. The purpose of this study is to highlight the important role of women in agricultural activities as the number of studies on the role of women in agriculture increases. In addition, the results of this research could be useful for planners, decision-makers, and practitioners as effective use of women's labor power are required. In general, the study discovers or emphasizes the importance of the female labor force, as opposed to the male labor force, in contributing to the economic activity of the agricultural sector.","PeriodicalId":106705,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Geographical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128938090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.9734/ajgr/2022/v5i3149
Eyenghe, Tari, Brown Ibama, Wosu, Bobby Ogechi
Garbage management is an organised and systematic channelling of garbage through the pathway to ensure that they are disposed of with good public health and environmental safety. The study aimed to critically evaluate the garbage collection and disposal in Port Harcourt Municipality to achieve urban sustainability and management. The objectives are to identify the methods of garbage collection and disposal in the study area, evaluate the efficiency of the method of garbage collection and disposal in the study area, identify the challenges faced in garbage collection and disposal in the study area, and identify sustainable physical planning measures for the collection and disposal of garbage in the study area. The study employed a Mixed Methods Research (MMR) approach and sequential explanatory design. The study employed stratified and simple random sampling techniques. The study identified 25 neighbourhoods in the study area and was grouped into three strata using a stratified sampling technique (high, medium, and low densities). 1 neighbourhood in each stratum (density) was selected randomly for sampling, including Diobu, D/Line and Old GRA, respectively. Taro Yamane’s formula was applied, and 100 respondents were selected for sampling using a simple random sampling technique. The study found that most garbage generated in the study area was plastic, metal/can, and paper/cartons stored in plastic bags, containers, and metals. The study revealed that garbage is collected by truck pushers/scavengers and government agencies and disposed of in designated authorised dumping sites, bush and burning. The study found that the strategies employed for garbage collection and disposal are efficient. The challenges faced in garbage collection and disposal from the study include indiscriminate dumping of garbage at unauthorised sites, non-compliance to schedule time for garbage disposal, lack of finance, inadequate human resources, and lack of an operational vehicle. Accordingly, the study recommends that; the waste management agency carry out a periodic survey of garbage collected and disposed of in their area of operation. The government should abolish the open dumpsite method of garbage disposal by households and eliminate indiscriminate dumping of garbage along streets. The waste management agency should ultimately adopt a house-to-house garbage collection in the neighbourhoods to achieve resource recovery and recycling and monitoring team that will ensure strict adherence to garbage collection and disposal regulations.
{"title":"Urban Sustainability and Management: Critical Evaluation of Garbage Collection and Disposal in Port Harcourt Municipality","authors":"Eyenghe, Tari, Brown Ibama, Wosu, Bobby Ogechi","doi":"10.9734/ajgr/2022/v5i3149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajgr/2022/v5i3149","url":null,"abstract":"Garbage management is an organised and systematic channelling of garbage through the pathway to ensure that they are disposed of with good public health and environmental safety. The study aimed to critically evaluate the garbage collection and disposal in Port Harcourt Municipality to achieve urban sustainability and management. The objectives are to identify the methods of garbage collection and disposal in the study area, evaluate the efficiency of the method of garbage collection and disposal in the study area, identify the challenges faced in garbage collection and disposal in the study area, and identify sustainable physical planning measures for the collection and disposal of garbage in the study area. The study employed a Mixed Methods Research (MMR) approach and sequential explanatory design. The study employed stratified and simple random sampling techniques. The study identified 25 neighbourhoods in the study area and was grouped into three strata using a stratified sampling technique (high, medium, and low densities). 1 neighbourhood in each stratum (density) was selected randomly for sampling, including Diobu, D/Line and Old GRA, respectively. Taro Yamane’s formula was applied, and 100 respondents were selected for sampling using a simple random sampling technique. The study found that most garbage generated in the study area was plastic, metal/can, and paper/cartons stored in plastic bags, containers, and metals. The study revealed that garbage is collected by truck pushers/scavengers and government agencies and disposed of in designated authorised dumping sites, bush and burning. The study found that the strategies employed for garbage collection and disposal are efficient. The challenges faced in garbage collection and disposal from the study include indiscriminate dumping of garbage at unauthorised sites, non-compliance to schedule time for garbage disposal, lack of finance, inadequate human resources, and lack of an operational vehicle. Accordingly, the study recommends that; the waste management agency carry out a periodic survey of garbage collected and disposed of in their area of operation. The government should abolish the open dumpsite method of garbage disposal by households and eliminate indiscriminate dumping of garbage along streets. The waste management agency should ultimately adopt a house-to-house garbage collection in the neighbourhoods to achieve resource recovery and recycling and monitoring team that will ensure strict adherence to garbage collection and disposal regulations.","PeriodicalId":106705,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Geographical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129110709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-18DOI: 10.9734/ajgr/2022/v5i3145
D. Ramesh, L. Muthukrishnan, N. Karthi, S. Dhivya
Sand dunes are simply an extension of the beach which is a reservoir of sand, during storms when the waves erode the dune and carry the sand into the sea. They are providing habitat for shellfish, birds, rodents, and ungulates. They have been used for coastal defense, water catchment areas, agriculture purposes, mining, and housing. Many of the goods and services produced by the sand dunes are not easily quantified and accounted for since they are not being traded in the formal market. Hence, many of the environmental benefits have been often neglected or even ignored by the economy, industry, coastal communities, and other stakeholders. Systematic accounting of the benefits shall enlighten the relationship between environmental function, human dependency, and economics. Though there are many goods and services, economic assessment of sand dune landforms is scarce. Estimated values of sand dune landforms allow policymakers to assess the benefits that society gains from the environmental feature. The monetary value of sand dune landforms goods and services shall be a tool to raise awareness and convey the (relative) importance of the environmental feature to the general public and policymakers. In addition, the monetary value shall support decision-making on the allocation of resources for competing uses. This policy paper analysis assesses the economic value of sand dune landforms to wise use of the sand dune and sustainable management of the coastal environment. This policy paper used the Benefit Transfer method to estimate the equivalent economic benefit of the sand dune landforms. The monetary benefit of sand dunes in a one-hectare area of the sand dune has been estimated at Rs.8220002/ha./yr =US$ 176103.66(average). Sand dunes have been distributed in 1231 patches with a total area of 32445 ha. Using the average value of sand dune benefits, the equivalent economic benefit from sand dunes of India cost Rs. 26670 crore/yr.=US$ 5.71 billion. Among the coastal States and UTs, Andhra Pradesh State has a huge area (11594 ha.) of sand dunes which share Rs. 9530 crore/yr.=US$ 2.04 billion which occupies 36% of the total sand dunes of India.
{"title":"Goods and Services and Equivalent Economic Benefits of Sand Dunes of India","authors":"D. Ramesh, L. Muthukrishnan, N. Karthi, S. Dhivya","doi":"10.9734/ajgr/2022/v5i3145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajgr/2022/v5i3145","url":null,"abstract":"Sand dunes are simply an extension of the beach which is a reservoir of sand, during storms when the waves erode the dune and carry the sand into the sea. They are providing habitat for shellfish, birds, rodents, and ungulates. They have been used for coastal defense, water catchment areas, agriculture purposes, mining, and housing. Many of the goods and services produced by the sand dunes are not easily quantified and accounted for since they are not being traded in the formal market. Hence, many of the environmental benefits have been often neglected or even ignored by the economy, industry, coastal communities, and other stakeholders. Systematic accounting of the benefits shall enlighten the relationship between environmental function, human dependency, and economics. Though there are many goods and services, economic assessment of sand dune landforms is scarce.\u0000Estimated values of sand dune landforms allow policymakers to assess the benefits that society gains from the environmental feature. The monetary value of sand dune landforms goods and services shall be a tool to raise awareness and convey the (relative) importance of the environmental feature to the general public and policymakers. In addition, the monetary value shall support decision-making on the allocation of resources for competing uses. This policy paper analysis assesses the economic value of sand dune landforms to wise use of the sand dune and sustainable management of the coastal environment.\u0000This policy paper used the Benefit Transfer method to estimate the equivalent economic benefit of the sand dune landforms. The monetary benefit of sand dunes in a one-hectare area of the sand dune has been estimated at Rs.8220002/ha./yr =US$ 176103.66(average). Sand dunes have been distributed in 1231 patches with a total area of 32445 ha. Using the average value of sand dune benefits, the equivalent economic benefit from sand dunes of India cost Rs. 26670 crore/yr.=US$ 5.71 billion. Among the coastal States and UTs, Andhra Pradesh State has a huge area (11594 ha.) of sand dunes which share Rs. 9530 crore/yr.=US$ 2.04 billion which occupies 36% of the total sand dunes of India.","PeriodicalId":106705,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Geographical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127129988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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