Pub Date : 2022-10-10DOI: 10.9734/ajgr/2022/v5i3143
A. E. Kaine, R. Ikomi, K. Iloba
Aquatic ecosystems disturbance globally are increasing at alarming rate and it has debilitating effects on the ecological balance of the systems. The disturbances experienced by aquatic systems arise mainly from human influences. In this present study, we delineated six stations into pollution categories using multivariate approach (principal component analysis; PCA). The six stations selected were; SW 1- sea water (Benin River mouth/sea), SW2- Benin River (Benin River mouth/sea), SW3- sea water (Escravos River mouth/sea), SW4-River mouth (Escravos River mouth/sea), SW5- sea water (Forcados River mouth/sea) and SW6-River mouth (Forcados River mouth/sea). The PCA we constructed to visualize the relationship between the sampled stations and selected physico-chemical parameters showed that the first PCA component had a variance of 53.29% with an eigenvalue of 6.93 while the second PCA component explained 38.10% with an eigen value of 4.95. SW1 and SW2 were negatively correlated with DO, THC and conductivity, and nitrate, COD, TSS and temperature were negatively correlated with SW5 and SW6. Phosphate, salinity and turbidity were positively correlated with SW3 and SW4. Sulphate, pH and BOD were not associated with any of the stations sampled. Of the six stations we delineated, four were categorized as heavily polluted and they include; SW1, SW2, SW5 and SW6, while SW3 was moderately polluted and SW4 was fairly polluted. This showed that the selected stations within the coastlines of Delta State, Nigeria are heavily impacted by human influences.
{"title":"Delineating Stations along the Coastline of Delta State, Nigeria into Pollution Categories: Multivariate Approach","authors":"A. E. Kaine, R. Ikomi, K. Iloba","doi":"10.9734/ajgr/2022/v5i3143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajgr/2022/v5i3143","url":null,"abstract":"Aquatic ecosystems disturbance globally are increasing at alarming rate and it has debilitating effects on the ecological balance of the systems. The disturbances experienced by aquatic systems arise mainly from human influences. In this present study, we delineated six stations into pollution categories using multivariate approach (principal component analysis; PCA). The six stations selected were; SW 1- sea water (Benin River mouth/sea), SW2- Benin River (Benin River mouth/sea), SW3- sea water (Escravos River mouth/sea), SW4-River mouth (Escravos River mouth/sea), SW5- sea water (Forcados River mouth/sea) and SW6-River mouth (Forcados River mouth/sea). The PCA we constructed to visualize the relationship between the sampled stations and selected physico-chemical parameters showed that the first PCA component had a variance of 53.29% with an eigenvalue of 6.93 while the second PCA component explained 38.10% with an eigen value of 4.95. SW1 and SW2 were negatively correlated with DO, THC and conductivity, and nitrate, COD, TSS and temperature were negatively correlated with SW5 and SW6. Phosphate, salinity and turbidity were positively correlated with SW3 and SW4. Sulphate, pH and BOD were not associated with any of the stations sampled. Of the six stations we delineated, four were categorized as heavily polluted and they include; SW1, SW2, SW5 and SW6, while SW3 was moderately polluted and SW4 was fairly polluted. This showed that the selected stations within the coastlines of Delta State, Nigeria are heavily impacted by human influences. ","PeriodicalId":106705,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Geographical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127612140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-19DOI: 10.9734/ajgr/2022/v5i3138
Siyir Kinyuy Jocien, Nfor Frederick
Agriculture is the mainstay of Cameroon’s economy, engaging an estimated 70 percent of the economically active population and accounting for an estimated 80 percent of the primary sector’s contribution to the country’s GDP. It also provides 1/3 of foreign exchange earnings and 15 percent of the country’s budgetary resources. This study set out to investigate agricultural practices and environmental degradation in Santa Sub-division, North West Region of Cameroon. The major types of agricultural practices studied were food crop, market gardening and animal farming. The study made use of primary and secondary data sources. Primary data sources included field observation, interviews and questionnaires. A total of 170 questionnaires were administered using stratified random sampling technique and the data obtained was complemented by secondary sources from published and unpublished materials. Findings revealed that agricultural practices have precarious impacts on the environment in Santa. Climate change was seen to have a silver lining in the crop sector. Declining soil fertility and climate change were some of the major problems faced by farmers in Santa. Adaptation measures amongst others were mixed crop farming, crop rotation, soil management practices and mulching. The study recommended the need to determine the carrying capacity of various grazing, range lands and regulatory control of herd size. This study also proposes the adoption of climate-smart agriculture to minimize the effects of climate change on agriculture in Santa. Farmers in Santa should strengthen their economic security by adopting sustainable agricultural systems, and targeting their production to take advantage of new demands and consumption patterns.
{"title":"Agricultural Practices and Environmental Degradation in Santa Sub-division, North West Region of Cameroon","authors":"Siyir Kinyuy Jocien, Nfor Frederick","doi":"10.9734/ajgr/2022/v5i3138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajgr/2022/v5i3138","url":null,"abstract":"Agriculture is the mainstay of Cameroon’s economy, engaging an estimated 70 percent of the economically active population and accounting for an estimated 80 percent of the primary sector’s contribution to the country’s GDP. It also provides 1/3 of foreign exchange earnings and 15 percent of the country’s budgetary resources. This study set out to investigate agricultural practices and environmental degradation in Santa Sub-division, North West Region of Cameroon. The major types of agricultural practices studied were food crop, market gardening and animal farming. The study made use of primary and secondary data sources. Primary data sources included field observation, interviews and questionnaires. A total of 170 questionnaires were administered using stratified random sampling technique and the data obtained was complemented by secondary sources from published and unpublished materials. Findings revealed that agricultural practices have precarious impacts on the environment in Santa. Climate change was seen to have a silver lining in the crop sector. Declining soil fertility and climate change were some of the major problems faced by farmers in Santa. Adaptation measures amongst others were mixed crop farming, crop rotation, soil management practices and mulching. The study recommended the need to determine the carrying capacity of various grazing, range lands and regulatory control of herd size. This study also proposes the adoption of climate-smart agriculture to minimize the effects of climate change on agriculture in Santa. Farmers in Santa should strengthen their economic security by adopting sustainable agricultural systems, and targeting their production to take advantage of new demands and consumption patterns.","PeriodicalId":106705,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Geographical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115484782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-19DOI: 10.9734/ajgr/2022/v5i2135
Funwi Godlove Ngwa, C. M. Wanie
Rural development is a continuous process facilitated by stakeholders who play complementary roles. In rural Mezam Division notwithstanding, there exists a dearth of information on the stakeholder categories, their spatial distribution and intervention domains in the rural development process. This paper examines the stakeholder categories, their spatial distribution within the various sub-divisions and specific domains of intervention in the rural development process in Mezam Division. Field surveys, focused group discussions, interviews and the administration of 260 questionnaires constituted the main primary data sources while a review of institutional, library and internet sources served as secondary source materials of data gathering for this research. The collected data was analysed using descriptive techniques. The results categorized the rural development stakeholders in Mezam Division into four; state institutions (16%), Community Based Organisations (CBOs) (49%), Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) (27%) and Cooperative Development Agencies (CDAs) (8%). These stakeholders are unevenly concentrated within the four sub-divisions in Mezam Division as follows; Santa (33%), Bafut (28%), Tubah (23%) and Bali (16%).The areas of intervention of the stakeholders include water supply schemes (39%), school construction (20%), agriculture (17%), road maintenance (8%), health (7%), erection of community halls and palaces (5%) and electricity supply schemes (4%). The paper concludes that the rural populations should be fully empowered and their local institutions like the rural councils be made totally autonomous. In this way, the rural councils could easily rally the rural people, raise funds, execute projects, coordinate the activities of other stakeholders and serve as the custodian of rural development.
{"title":"Stakeholders’ Contributions to Rural Development in Mezam Division, Cameroon","authors":"Funwi Godlove Ngwa, C. M. Wanie","doi":"10.9734/ajgr/2022/v5i2135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajgr/2022/v5i2135","url":null,"abstract":"Rural development is a continuous process facilitated by stakeholders who play complementary roles. In rural Mezam Division notwithstanding, there exists a dearth of information on the stakeholder categories, their spatial distribution and intervention domains in the rural development process. This paper examines the stakeholder categories, their spatial distribution within the various sub-divisions and specific domains of intervention in the rural development process in Mezam Division. Field surveys, focused group discussions, interviews and the administration of 260 questionnaires constituted the main primary data sources while a review of institutional, library and internet sources served as secondary source materials of data gathering for this research. The collected data was analysed using descriptive techniques. The results categorized the rural development stakeholders in Mezam Division into four; state institutions (16%), Community Based Organisations (CBOs) (49%), Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) (27%) and Cooperative Development Agencies (CDAs) (8%). These stakeholders are unevenly concentrated within the four sub-divisions in Mezam Division as follows; Santa (33%), Bafut (28%), Tubah (23%) and Bali (16%).The areas of intervention of the stakeholders include water supply schemes (39%), school construction (20%), agriculture (17%), road maintenance (8%), health (7%), erection of community halls and palaces (5%) and electricity supply schemes (4%). The paper concludes that the rural populations should be fully empowered and their local institutions like the rural councils be made totally autonomous. In this way, the rural councils could easily rally the rural people, raise funds, execute projects, coordinate the activities of other stakeholders and serve as the custodian of rural development.","PeriodicalId":106705,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Geographical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116121705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-18DOI: 10.9734/ajgr/2022/v5i2134
kayode oloruntoba
The aim of this study was to develop an understanding on the contributing influences that occurs between qualities of public space, public space aesthetics, the comforts derive in public space and public space accessibility in science cities. This study seeks to investigate the extent at which public space attributes impact on another. Emphasis accruing to open greenery including public spaces in the physical development of science cities necessitates the selection of Cyberjaya (Science City) Malaysia as the study area. Survey questionnaires were used to investigate potential respondent’s perceptions on public space utilization and the feedback was validated with structural equation modelling (SEM). The findings indicated that the accessibility attributes significantly influenced other public space utilization attributes while good quality of public space influenced the comfort derived from it. Attractiveness of public space was found not capable to predict the comfort and good quality of public space. However, public space attractiveness exhibited weak relationship with quality of public space while other attributes shown strong relationship with each other.
{"title":"Determining the Prevailing Effects among Public Space Utilization Factors in Science City: A Study in Cyberjaya, Malaysia","authors":"kayode oloruntoba","doi":"10.9734/ajgr/2022/v5i2134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajgr/2022/v5i2134","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to develop an understanding on the contributing influences that occurs between qualities of public space, public space aesthetics, the comforts derive in public space and public space accessibility in science cities. This study seeks to investigate the extent at which public space attributes impact on another. Emphasis accruing to open greenery including public spaces in the physical development of science cities necessitates the selection of Cyberjaya (Science City) Malaysia as the study area. Survey questionnaires were used to investigate potential respondent’s perceptions on public space utilization and the feedback was validated with structural equation modelling (SEM). The findings indicated that the accessibility attributes significantly influenced other public space utilization attributes while good quality of public space influenced the comfort derived from it. Attractiveness of public space was found not capable to predict the comfort and good quality of public space. However, public space attractiveness exhibited weak relationship with quality of public space while other attributes shown strong relationship with each other.","PeriodicalId":106705,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Geographical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123697923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-17DOI: 10.9734/ajgr/2022/v5i2133
kayode oloruntoba, Familola Isaac, Oni Olusola Feyisara
Human social and community satisfaction has become vital among the local residents. This study examines the factor of neighbourhood choice and preference in a local community in the Ondo State, Nigeria. The study implored local residents’ perception via 150 structured questionnaires. The findings showed that local residents’ choice of environment hinged on the factor of safety, socio-economic and resident’s culture. Thus, the choice of the local community might not be the same with the urban residents.
{"title":"The Choice of Neighbourhood Environments among the Local Community Setting in Ondo State, Nigeria","authors":"kayode oloruntoba, Familola Isaac, Oni Olusola Feyisara","doi":"10.9734/ajgr/2022/v5i2133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajgr/2022/v5i2133","url":null,"abstract":"Human social and community satisfaction has become vital among the local residents. This study examines the factor of neighbourhood choice and preference in a local community in the Ondo State, Nigeria. The study implored local residents’ perception via 150 structured questionnaires. The findings showed that local residents’ choice of environment hinged on the factor of safety, socio-economic and resident’s culture. Thus, the choice of the local community might not be the same with the urban residents.","PeriodicalId":106705,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Geographical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117107992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.9734/ajgr/2022/v5i2131
Brown Ibama, Eyenghe, Tari, Dapa Idaminabo Nengi, Chikagbum Wocha
In recent times the consequences of flooding on farmlands have been majorly attributed to climate change which has contributed to the distortions in the social and economic activities in Rivers State, Nigeria. This study aims to identify adaptive mitigative measures to manage the social and economic impact of farmlands flooding in selected communities in Etche Local Government Area in Rivers State. The objectives include the identification of the significant causes of farmland flooding in the study area, determining the social and economic impacts of farmland flooding in the study area, and identify mitigation measures put in place to combat farmland flooding in the study area. The study adopted the Mixed Methods Research approach using a concurrent triangulation research design. The data sources include questionnaire administration (using a 5-scale Likert Scale), key informant in-depth interviews, personal observation, photographs, and published materials from institutions. A total of 146 questionnaires were administered across these selected communities, including Nihi, Isu and Umuechem. A purposive sampling technique was deployed, and a total of 96 questionnaires were retrieved and validated for analysis. Some of the leading causes of farmland flooding include the blockage of storm-water channels, overgrazing and bush burning, overpopulation due to increased development (structures), heavy rainfall and drainage failure. The study further revealed that the social and economic impacts on farmland, communities and inhabitants are depression, stress, anger, and social vices. Other effects include loss of farmland and produce, increase in goods and services, loss of livelihood system, loss of income and damage to properties. The anticipated mitigative measures by respondents are a collaboration of stakeholders (farmers, communities, and government agencies), warning signals, reconstruction of failed drainages, quick responses, and adequate relief materials. In addition, the study recommended proper education and enlightenment of the vulnerable population on how to avoid the negative consequences of flood disasters. vulnerable people should prepare for any eventuality, real-time data on flood vulnerability mapping of the study area to enable the government, government agencies like the (NIMET) and the vulnerable population to know the extent of flooding and duration of every flooding episode. Furthermore, effective Spatial planning of those vulnerable communities to reduce the negative consequences of flood disaster and afforestation should be encouraged to mitigate adverse impacts of the flood.
{"title":"Adaptive Mitigation to Farmland Flooding as a Resilience Builder in Selected Communities in Etche Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria","authors":"Brown Ibama, Eyenghe, Tari, Dapa Idaminabo Nengi, Chikagbum Wocha","doi":"10.9734/ajgr/2022/v5i2131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajgr/2022/v5i2131","url":null,"abstract":"In recent times the consequences of flooding on farmlands have been majorly attributed to climate change which has contributed to the distortions in the social and economic activities in Rivers State, Nigeria. This study aims to identify adaptive mitigative measures to manage the social and economic impact of farmlands flooding in selected communities in Etche Local Government Area in Rivers State. The objectives include the identification of the significant causes of farmland flooding in the study area, determining the social and economic impacts of farmland flooding in the study area, and identify mitigation measures put in place to combat farmland flooding in the study area. The study adopted the Mixed Methods Research approach using a concurrent triangulation research design. The data sources include questionnaire administration (using a 5-scale Likert Scale), key informant in-depth interviews, personal observation, photographs, and published materials from institutions. A total of 146 questionnaires were administered across these selected communities, including Nihi, Isu and Umuechem. A purposive sampling technique was deployed, and a total of 96 questionnaires were retrieved and validated for analysis. Some of the leading causes of farmland flooding include the blockage of storm-water channels, overgrazing and bush burning, overpopulation due to increased development (structures), heavy rainfall and drainage failure. The study further revealed that the social and economic impacts on farmland, communities and inhabitants are depression, stress, anger, and social vices. Other effects include loss of farmland and produce, increase in goods and services, loss of livelihood system, loss of income and damage to properties. The anticipated mitigative measures by respondents are a collaboration of stakeholders (farmers, communities, and government agencies), warning signals, reconstruction of failed drainages, quick responses, and adequate relief materials. In addition, the study recommended proper education and enlightenment of the vulnerable population on how to avoid the negative consequences of flood disasters. vulnerable people should prepare for any eventuality, real-time data on flood vulnerability mapping of the study area to enable the government, government agencies like the (NIMET) and the vulnerable population to know the extent of flooding and duration of every flooding episode. Furthermore, effective Spatial planning of those vulnerable communities to reduce the negative consequences of flood disaster and afforestation should be encouraged to mitigate adverse impacts of the flood.","PeriodicalId":106705,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Geographical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114021540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-06DOI: 10.9734/ajgr/2022/v5i2129
R. U. Ayadiuno, Dominic Chukwuka Ndulue, A. Mozie, Ifeoma Joy Nwokolo
Almost all parts of the world are threatened by one type of hazards such as soil erosion, flooding, landslide, earthquake, among others. Various types of soil erosion exist which include splash, sheet, rill and gully erosion. Gully erosion has been recognized as an important environmental threat in many parts of the world and remains the world’s biggest problem affecting the lives of man, plants and animals. Gully erosion occurs in various parts of Nigeria under geologic, climatic and soil conditions. The purpose of this study is to look at flood and soil erosion in Nsukka Urban and the erosive activities of the floods along its path ways. The study used both primary and secondary data comprising measurements, oral interviews, photographs, and satellite imageries. This study adopted a mixed method approach in data analysis and representation with ArcGIS version 10.4 software as the major analytical tool used, other calculations were either manually performed or were calculated using Microsoft Excel 2007.The results of the satellite imageries analyzed, were rendered in tables and maps. The soil particles removed from the identified gully site in the study area were calculated and projection of further annual soil loss established, pending when the erosion problem will be addressed. The management, control of flood and soil erosion required to reduce and mitigate against the adverse effect of the gullying were also proffered.
世界上几乎所有地区都受到一种灾害的威胁，如水土流失、洪水、滑坡、地震等。土壤侵蚀有多种类型，包括飞溅侵蚀、片状侵蚀、细沟侵蚀和沟蚀。在世界许多地方，沟壑侵蚀已被认为是一个重要的环境威胁，并且仍然是影响人类、植物和动物生活的世界最大问题。在地质、气候和土壤条件下，尼日利亚各地都发生沟蚀。本研究的目的是研究恩苏卡市的洪水和土壤侵蚀以及洪水沿其路径的侵蚀活动。该研究使用了第一手和二手数据，包括测量数据、口头访谈、照片和卫星图像。本研究采用混合方法进行数据分析和表示，主要分析工具为ArcGIS version 10.4软件，其他计算采用人工计算或使用Microsoft Excel 2007进行计算。对卫星图像的分析结果以表格和地图的形式呈现出来。计算了研究区内确定的沟壑区的土壤颗粒，并建立了进一步的年土壤流失量预测，等待侵蚀问题得到解决。管理、控制洪水和土壤侵蚀，以减少和缓解沟壑的不利影响也提供了。
{"title":"Effects of Time and Land Use Land Cover Change (LULCC) in the Dimension of the Gully Expansion and Soil Particles Loss at Ibeziako Erosion Site in Nsukka Urban, Enugu State, Nigeria","authors":"R. U. Ayadiuno, Dominic Chukwuka Ndulue, A. Mozie, Ifeoma Joy Nwokolo","doi":"10.9734/ajgr/2022/v5i2129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajgr/2022/v5i2129","url":null,"abstract":"Almost all parts of the world are threatened by one type of hazards such as soil erosion, flooding, landslide, earthquake, among others. Various types of soil erosion exist which include splash, sheet, rill and gully erosion. Gully erosion has been recognized as an important environmental threat in many parts of the world and remains the world’s biggest problem affecting the lives of man, plants and animals. Gully erosion occurs in various parts of Nigeria under geologic, climatic and soil conditions. The purpose of this study is to look at flood and soil erosion in Nsukka Urban and the erosive activities of the floods along its path ways. The study used both primary and secondary data comprising measurements, oral interviews, photographs, and satellite imageries. This study adopted a mixed method approach in data analysis and representation with ArcGIS version 10.4 software as the major analytical tool used, other calculations were either manually performed or were calculated using Microsoft Excel 2007.The results of the satellite imageries analyzed, were rendered in tables and maps. The soil particles removed from the identified gully site in the study area were calculated and projection of further annual soil loss established, pending when the erosion problem will be addressed. The management, control of flood and soil erosion required to reduce and mitigate against the adverse effect of the gullying were also proffered.","PeriodicalId":106705,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Geographical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129968692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-13DOI: 10.9734/ajgr/2022/v5i1127
Ekeke, Ihechiluru Peace, Eyenghe, Tari, Brown Ibama
The apparent disconnect of different modes of transport in the Port Harcourt metropolis is causing difficulty in urban mobility among commuters. The study has assessed the integration of road and water transport systems to build a sustainable urban environment in Port Harcourt metropolis, Nigeria. The specific objectives of the study are to identify the road and water infrastructure transport systems in Port Harcourt metropolis and their state of functionality, identify and examine the disconnect existing in the street and water transportation in the study area, identify the challenges facing the integration of road and water transportation in the study, and provide physical planning strategy to achieving the integration of road and water transport systems in the study area. The study adopted a Mixed Methods Research (MMR) approach using a concurrent triangulation research design to obtain the relevant data and information that addressed the study aim and objectives of the study. In addition, the study employed purposive and simple random sampling techniques, including the key informant method. A total of four hundred (400) commuters, fifty (50) each, were interviewed from six (6) major road corridors and two (2) jetties in Port Harcourt City (Aggrey, Trans-Amadi and Olu-Obasanjo Roads) and Obio/Akpor (Akpajo-Elelenwo-Oil Mill, NTA and Agip Roads) and two (2) jetties: Port Harcourt City (Bille/Bonny/Nembe Jetty) and Obio/Akpor (Feltaco Jetty). Some Key informants from the transport sector like the Rivers State Ministry of Transport (RSMT) staff Rivers State Ministry of Urban Development and Physical Planning (RSMUDPP). Others are staff of the Rivers State Transport Company (RTC), National Union of Road Transport Workers (NURTW), Rivers State Marine Transport Company, waterways transport operators, and Town Planners were among those interviewed. The study found potential for integrating road and water transport systems in the study area, and some of the infrastructures are obsolete and lack maintenance, thereby impeding interconnectivity and interlinkage between both systems. The study also revealed that government unwillingness to harness and develop the potential poor urban planning and management, and poor urban governance contribute to the disconnect of the road and water transport systems observed, affecting the quality of life and well-being of residents and poor urban sustainability. Thus, to improve the potentials and challenges identified, the study suggested that the government should develop an integrated transportation policy framework to enhance the integration of road and water transport systems. The government should upgrade and rehabilitate roads and water transportation infrastructure to improve intermodal connectivity and linkages for efficiency and effectiveness in the study area. The Public-Private Partnership approach should be developed and adopted in the planning and management of the transport sector in the study area; deve
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Pub Date : 2022-04-27DOI: 10.9734/ajgr/2022/v5i1125
D. O. Omwami, J. Kurauka, S. Ochola
As a result of poor hygiene in schools, public health and the status of public schools are adversely affected. There have been limited programs addressing sanitation issues in Kisumu East schools. This study therefore aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of the WASH program and teachers' contributions to improving the quality of latrines in Kisumu East and investigating the environmental factors that have had an impact on the quality of latrines. A total of 20 schools participated in the study interviews, of which 16 schools were involved in the WASH program, and 4 were not involved in the WASH program, with a target population of 384 students and 40 teachers. A descriptive research design was used to guide the investigation. The data was processed and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 25.0 software package, and data was presented in the form of means and variance. Tables were also used to display the data. Students and teachers in non-WASH schools agreed that the latrines were filthy. For instance, 62.5 percent of teachers and 62.3 percent of students from schools implementing the WASH program reported that latrines were dirty. Still, only 37.7 percent of teachers and 37.5 percent of students reported that they were very dirty. The study found an association between teachers' contributions and cleanliness, with a correlation coefficient (r) of -3.18 and a significance level of (p0.05). There was also a correlation between the implementation of WASH and the number of cases of diarrheal disease among students, with a significance value of 0.001*. It was concluded that the WASH program had a significant impact on the state of public health in public schools. Therefore, the study recommends that more effort should be put into addressing the challenges facing toilet cleanliness and hygiene practices.
由于学校卫生条件差，公共卫生和公立学校的地位受到不利影响。在基苏木东部的学校里，解决卫生问题的项目有限。因此，本研究旨在评估WASH项目的有效性和教师对改善基苏木东部厕所质量的贡献，并调查影响厕所质量的环境因素。共有20所学校参与了研究访谈，其中16所学校参与了WASH项目，4所学校没有参与WASH项目，目标人群为384名学生和40名教师。采用描述性研究设计来指导调查。使用Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 25.0软件包对数据进行处理和分析，数据以均值和方差的形式表示。表格还用于显示数据。非wash学校的学生和老师都认为厕所很脏。例如，在实施WASH项目的学校中，62.5%的教师和62.3%的学生报告说厕所很脏。尽管如此，只有37.7%的教师和37.5%的学生说他们很脏。研究发现教师的贡献与清洁度之间存在相关性，相关系数(r)为-3.18，显著性水平为(p0.05)。WASH的实施与学生腹泻病例数也存在相关性，显著性值为0.001*。结论是，讲卫生方案对公立学校的公共卫生状况产生了重大影响。因此，该研究建议，应该投入更多的精力来解决厕所清洁和卫生习惯所面临的挑战。
{"title":"Examining the Effectiveness of the Wash Programme on Public Health in Public Schools in Kisumu East Sub-county, Kenya","authors":"D. O. Omwami, J. Kurauka, S. Ochola","doi":"10.9734/ajgr/2022/v5i1125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajgr/2022/v5i1125","url":null,"abstract":"As a result of poor hygiene in schools, public health and the status of public schools are adversely affected. There have been limited programs addressing sanitation issues in Kisumu East schools. This study therefore aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of the WASH program and teachers' contributions to improving the quality of latrines in Kisumu East and investigating the environmental factors that have had an impact on the quality of latrines. A total of 20 schools participated in the study interviews, of which 16 schools were involved in the WASH program, and 4 were not involved in the WASH program, with a target population of 384 students and 40 teachers. A descriptive research design was used to guide the investigation. The data was processed and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 25.0 software package, and data was presented in the form of means and variance. Tables were also used to display the data. Students and teachers in non-WASH schools agreed that the latrines were filthy. For instance, 62.5 percent of teachers and 62.3 percent of students from schools implementing the WASH program reported that latrines were dirty. Still, only 37.7 percent of teachers and 37.5 percent of students reported that they were very dirty. The study found an association between teachers' contributions and cleanliness, with a correlation coefficient (r) of -3.18 and a significance level of (p0.05). There was also a correlation between the implementation of WASH and the number of cases of diarrheal disease among students, with a significance value of 0.001*. It was concluded that the WASH program had a significant impact on the state of public health in public schools. Therefore, the study recommends that more effort should be put into addressing the challenges facing toilet cleanliness and hygiene practices.","PeriodicalId":106705,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Geographical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122972450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-18DOI: 10.9734/ajgr/2022/v5i1123
Asmaa H. Rasslan, Abdalla Sameh
Although the choropleth method is considered among the easiest cartographic methods, it lacks accurate representation of the real population density. In this regard, dasymetric maps offer the better alternative, especially for heterogonous spaces and those exhibit intense spatial dynamic, like the Greater Cairo Region, which has the highest population and population density among various Egyptian governorates. The current study aims mainly at comparing the dasymetric mapping technique with the choropleth mapping technique for studying the population density in the Greater Cairo Region. To this end, the satellite image processing and ArcGIS (version 10.6.1) were used. For instance, it was found, in the choropleth map, that the population density category ranged from 161.415 to 270.922 person per km2 occupied 1% of the total area of 1481 km2; whereas, in the dasymetric map, the population density category ranged from 139.986 to 761044 person per km2 concentrated in only 0.4% of the total area of 648 km2. Thus it is clear that the dasymetric mapping technique is more representative of the realistic population density distribution, because it eliminates all land uses except the residential land use. Conclusively, it is highly recommended to use the dasymetric mapping technique rather than the choropleth method.
{"title":"The Population Density Map of the Greater Cairo Region Comparison of 2017 Choropleth Map and Dasymetric Map","authors":"Asmaa H. Rasslan, Abdalla Sameh","doi":"10.9734/ajgr/2022/v5i1123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajgr/2022/v5i1123","url":null,"abstract":"Although the choropleth method is considered among the easiest cartographic methods, it lacks accurate representation of the real population density. In this regard, dasymetric maps offer the better alternative, especially for heterogonous spaces and those exhibit intense spatial dynamic, like the Greater Cairo Region, which has the highest population and population density among various Egyptian governorates. The current study aims mainly at comparing the dasymetric mapping technique with the choropleth mapping technique for studying the population density in the Greater Cairo Region. To this end, the satellite image processing and ArcGIS (version 10.6.1) were used. For instance, it was found, in the choropleth map, that the population density category ranged from 161.415 to 270.922 person per km2 occupied 1% of the total area of 1481 km2; whereas, in the dasymetric map, the population density category ranged from 139.986 to 761044 person per km2 concentrated in only 0.4% of the total area of 648 km2. Thus it is clear that the dasymetric mapping technique is more representative of the realistic population density distribution, because it eliminates all land uses except the residential land use. Conclusively, it is highly recommended to use the dasymetric mapping technique rather than the choropleth method.","PeriodicalId":106705,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Geographical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115513735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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