Pub Date : 2021-05-14DOI: 10.15406/JNSK.2021.11.00459
Joe Kabongo Katabwa, O. Mukuku, Guy Kanja Lwamba, S. Wembonyama
Introduction: Neuromeningeal cryptococcosis (NMC) is a severe and fatal opportunistic infection. Lethality is higher in the absence of treatment, especially in HIV co-infection. The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence, epidemiological, clinical, biological, and therapeutic features as well as the outcome of NMC in HIV-infected patients. Methods: This is a retrospective study of 108 cases of NMC diagnosed in HIV-infected patients. Data were collected over 36 months (from January 2015 to December 2017) at the HIV/AIDS Center of Excellence in Lubumbashi (Democratic Republic of the Congo). Results: The overall prevalence of NMC is 2.5%. The mean age of the patients was 41.5±13.1 years, with 72.2% aged less than 50 years. The main clinical symptomatology was headache (100%) and fever (100%). The main cytochemical CSF abnormalities were hyperproteinorachia (91.9%), hypoglycorachia (94%) and hyper-lymphocytosis (98.2%). The mean CD4 count was 168.7±137.1/mm 3 . All patients were treated with fluconazole. The overall lethality was 43.5%. Conclusion: NMC is a serious opportunistic infection in HIV-infected patients, and the case fatality rate remains unacceptable. Management of NMC in HIV-positive patients requires early diagnosis, increased access to antiretrovirals and prompt initiation of appropriate treatment.
{"title":"Neuromeningeal cryptococcosis in HIV-infected patients in Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo","authors":"Joe Kabongo Katabwa, O. Mukuku, Guy Kanja Lwamba, S. Wembonyama","doi":"10.15406/JNSK.2021.11.00459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JNSK.2021.11.00459","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Neuromeningeal cryptococcosis (NMC) is a severe and fatal opportunistic infection. Lethality is higher in the absence of treatment, especially in HIV co-infection. The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence, epidemiological, clinical, biological, and therapeutic features as well as the outcome of NMC in HIV-infected patients. Methods: This is a retrospective study of 108 cases of NMC diagnosed in HIV-infected patients. Data were collected over 36 months (from January 2015 to December 2017) at the HIV/AIDS Center of Excellence in Lubumbashi (Democratic Republic of the Congo). Results: The overall prevalence of NMC is 2.5%. The mean age of the patients was 41.5±13.1 years, with 72.2% aged less than 50 years. The main clinical symptomatology was headache (100%) and fever (100%). The main cytochemical CSF abnormalities were hyperproteinorachia (91.9%), hypoglycorachia (94%) and hyper-lymphocytosis (98.2%). The mean CD4 count was 168.7±137.1/mm 3 . All patients were treated with fluconazole. The overall lethality was 43.5%. Conclusion: NMC is a serious opportunistic infection in HIV-infected patients, and the case fatality rate remains unacceptable. Management of NMC in HIV-positive patients requires early diagnosis, increased access to antiretrovirals and prompt initiation of appropriate treatment.","PeriodicalId":106839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Stroke","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130929810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-30DOI: 10.15406/JNSK.2020.10.00435
R. Nascimento, D. André, Fabiana Gouveia, Nancy Faria, Ana Paula Reis
Introduction: The authors describe a rare presentation of central nervous system cryptococcosis in an immunocompromised patient. Case description: An HIV-positive patient, with poor adherence to the treatment, presented with a seventeen days history of severe headache. On the neurological exam there was only evidence of neck stiffness, he had a CD4 count of 23 cells/μl and plasma HIV RNA viral loads of 364,000 copies/ml. Lumbar puncture revealed positive for cryptococcal antigen virus and so treatment with amphotericin B was started. During his admission the patient developed an expressive aphasia with visual hallucinations and the brain MRI revealed cerebral cryptococcomas. After 98 days of treatment general and neurological examination was normal and the patient was discharged home. Conclusion: This case highlights a rare and severe complication of Cryptococcus neoformans infection in immunocompromised patients.
{"title":"Beware of cryptococcomas when treating Cryptococcal meningitis","authors":"R. Nascimento, D. André, Fabiana Gouveia, Nancy Faria, Ana Paula Reis","doi":"10.15406/JNSK.2020.10.00435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JNSK.2020.10.00435","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The authors describe a rare presentation of central nervous system cryptococcosis in an immunocompromised patient. Case description: An HIV-positive patient, with poor adherence to the treatment, presented with a seventeen days history of severe headache. On the neurological exam there was only evidence of neck stiffness, he had a CD4 count of 23 cells/μl and plasma HIV RNA viral loads of 364,000 copies/ml. Lumbar puncture revealed positive for cryptococcal antigen virus and so treatment with amphotericin B was started. During his admission the patient developed an expressive aphasia with visual hallucinations and the brain MRI revealed cerebral cryptococcomas. After 98 days of treatment general and neurological examination was normal and the patient was discharged home. Conclusion: This case highlights a rare and severe complication of Cryptococcus neoformans infection in immunocompromised patients.","PeriodicalId":106839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Stroke","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130544283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-23DOI: 10.15406/JNSK.2020.10.00433
S. SandroMaxCastro, Carla Daltro, M. Castro, Camila Cavalcante Castro, R. Borges, M. Matos
ackground Chronic pain leads to functional and social disability, emotionally impacting individuals. Objective: To describe the main impairments of activities of daily living, anxious and depressive symptoms and quality of life in patients with chronic pain. Methods: Cross-sectional study with patients at the Chronic Pain Clinic attended between June / 2016 and March / 2019. Clinical and socio-demographic variables were collected, using the Hospital scale for Anxiety and Depression, Visual Numerical Scale for Pain, SF-36 scale for Quality of Life, and data analysis using the SPSS statistical program. Results: The mean age was 50.0±10 years, being (89.6%) female. There was a predominance of people with a partner, with religion, complete high school education and unemployed. Degenerative disease was the most frequent diagnosis (68.9%); pain intensity ranged from moderate to severe, score 6-8 (7). Most used drugs were analgesics (93.3%) followed by antidepressants (70.7%). Physical activity as an adjuvant treatment (41.5%), and anesthetic blocks (39.6%). When investigating daily activities, the work showed total limitation followed by movement; and, partially, leisure and home activity. The quality of life was well below the median, with the physical and emotional aspects being worse. Related to the subjects' activities, sleep is the most compromised; followed by partial difficulties with appetite and sexual activity. Most show self-esteem moderately satisfied with the treatment, even with anxious and depressive symptoms. Conclusion: Pain has a very significant impact on quality of life; compromises and limits daily activities and reveals more presence of anxious and depressive symptoms in people suffering from chronic pain.
{"title":"Commitment to activities and quality of life and associated factors in patients with chronic pain","authors":"S. SandroMaxCastro, Carla Daltro, M. Castro, Camila Cavalcante Castro, R. Borges, M. Matos","doi":"10.15406/JNSK.2020.10.00433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JNSK.2020.10.00433","url":null,"abstract":"ackground Chronic pain leads to functional and social disability, emotionally impacting individuals. Objective: To describe the main impairments of activities of daily living, anxious and depressive symptoms and quality of life in patients with chronic pain. Methods: Cross-sectional study with patients at the Chronic Pain Clinic attended between June / 2016 and March / 2019. Clinical and socio-demographic variables were collected, using the Hospital scale for Anxiety and Depression, Visual Numerical Scale for Pain, SF-36 scale for Quality of Life, and data analysis using the SPSS statistical program. Results: The mean age was 50.0±10 years, being (89.6%) female. There was a predominance of people with a partner, with religion, complete high school education and unemployed. Degenerative disease was the most frequent diagnosis (68.9%); pain intensity ranged from moderate to severe, score 6-8 (7). Most used drugs were analgesics (93.3%) followed by antidepressants (70.7%). Physical activity as an adjuvant treatment (41.5%), and anesthetic blocks (39.6%). When investigating daily activities, the work showed total limitation followed by movement; and, partially, leisure and home activity. The quality of life was well below the median, with the physical and emotional aspects being worse. Related to the subjects' activities, sleep is the most compromised; followed by partial difficulties with appetite and sexual activity. Most show self-esteem moderately satisfied with the treatment, even with anxious and depressive symptoms. Conclusion: Pain has a very significant impact on quality of life; compromises and limits daily activities and reveals more presence of anxious and depressive symptoms in people suffering from chronic pain.","PeriodicalId":106839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Stroke","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125225193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-09DOI: 10.15406/jnsk.2020.10.00432
N. H. Nguyen, Thong Van Nguye, A. Nguyen
{"title":"Thrombolysis and thrombectomy to treat acute ischemic stroke in Vietnam","authors":"N. H. Nguyen, Thong Van Nguye, A. Nguyen","doi":"10.15406/jnsk.2020.10.00432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jnsk.2020.10.00432","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":106839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Stroke","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129262073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-16DOI: 10.15406/JNSK.2020.10.00404
Pablo Martínez-Soler, Juan F Martínez Canca
We present a rare case of fully penetrating spinal cord injury in an 8-year-old girl who accidentally stabbed herself with a crochet needle at L4-L5 level. She presented to the local Accident and Emergency Department without neurological deficit. This is the full account of her perioperative management resulting in total neurological preservation.
{"title":"Intramedullary stabbing spinal cord injury: Perioperative optimized management for a successful surgical outcome","authors":"Pablo Martínez-Soler, Juan F Martínez Canca","doi":"10.15406/JNSK.2020.10.00404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JNSK.2020.10.00404","url":null,"abstract":"We present a rare case of fully penetrating spinal cord injury in an 8-year-old girl who accidentally stabbed herself with a crochet needle at L4-L5 level. She presented to the local Accident and Emergency Department without neurological deficit. This is the full account of her perioperative management resulting in total neurological preservation.","PeriodicalId":106839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Stroke","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126101945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-08DOI: 10.15406/JNSK.2020.10.00402
Isabelly Barbosa vda Silva, Luciana Maria de Morais Martins Soare, Míria Mendonça Ferreira Galvão, E. de Freitas, Júlio Cezar Felinto dos Santos
{"title":"Neuromuscular physiotherapeutic reeducation in the function of the paretic upper limb after stroke","authors":"Isabelly Barbosa vda Silva, Luciana Maria de Morais Martins Soare, Míria Mendonça Ferreira Galvão, E. de Freitas, Júlio Cezar Felinto dos Santos","doi":"10.15406/JNSK.2020.10.00402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JNSK.2020.10.00402","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":106839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Stroke","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132076244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-27DOI: 10.15406/JNSK.2018.08.00333
Raj Kumar, Suyash Singh, K. Das
Cerebrovascular accidents are leading cause of mortality and disability throughout the world. Malignant cerebral edema with hemorrhagic stroke constitutes a significant proportion of these patients. Ever since Cushing performed first decompressive craniotomy (DC), the confusion on appropriate management of malignant cerebral edema continues. The present era of evidence based management and quality of life care has manipulated the literature with heterogeneous results and conundrums. Presently, the famous trials talk about functional improvement after DC and advantages of tracking secondary brain injury pathogenesis highlighting the insufferable outcome of various trials. Being a neurosurgeon, I believe that each one of us must have face a situation wherein, either caregiver’s forceful cultural belief or sometimes our own inner conscience push us against all available evidences; and a surprisingly better than expected results are achieved. We never report these cases but the question persistently troubles us is “whether to operate or not?” in a case of malignant cerebral edema.
{"title":"Can inevitable credence of caregivers and surgeon’s instinct dominate existing evidence based practice?","authors":"Raj Kumar, Suyash Singh, K. Das","doi":"10.15406/JNSK.2018.08.00333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JNSK.2018.08.00333","url":null,"abstract":"Cerebrovascular accidents are leading cause of mortality and disability throughout the world. Malignant cerebral edema with hemorrhagic stroke constitutes a significant proportion of these patients. Ever since Cushing performed first decompressive craniotomy (DC), the confusion on appropriate management of malignant cerebral edema continues. The present era of evidence based management and quality of life care has manipulated the literature with heterogeneous results and conundrums. Presently, the famous trials talk about functional improvement after DC and advantages of tracking secondary brain injury pathogenesis highlighting the insufferable outcome of various trials. Being a neurosurgeon, I believe that each one of us must have face a situation wherein, either caregiver’s forceful cultural belief or sometimes our own inner conscience push us against all available evidences; and a surprisingly better than expected results are achieved. We never report these cases but the question persistently troubles us is “whether to operate or not?” in a case of malignant cerebral edema.","PeriodicalId":106839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Stroke","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123817802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-19DOI: 10.15406/JNSK.2018.08.00306
L. Diniz, Luiz Antônio Jorge Júnior, Lucas Rodrigues, Julia Veloso, S. Yamashita
Craniopharygiomas are rare and usually benign tumors that generally involve the anterior part of the third ventricle. Intraventricular Craniopharyngiomas (IVCP) are even more infrequent, accounting for 0.71 to 11%2 of all craniopharyngiomas and tend to be diagnosed in adults. In this report, we present a case of this brain neoplasm on a 36year-old woman with severe headache, vomiting and bilateral papilledema.
{"title":"Intraventricular craniopharyngioma: a case report","authors":"L. Diniz, Luiz Antônio Jorge Júnior, Lucas Rodrigues, Julia Veloso, S. Yamashita","doi":"10.15406/JNSK.2018.08.00306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JNSK.2018.08.00306","url":null,"abstract":"Craniopharygiomas are rare and usually benign tumors that generally involve the anterior part of the third ventricle. Intraventricular Craniopharyngiomas (IVCP) are even more infrequent, accounting for 0.71 to 11%2 of all craniopharyngiomas and tend to be diagnosed in adults. In this report, we present a case of this brain neoplasm on a 36year-old woman with severe headache, vomiting and bilateral papilledema.","PeriodicalId":106839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Stroke","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126291624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-25DOI: 10.15406/jnsk.2018.08.00303
M. Ruggiero, S. Pacini
Comparison between the criteria for autism and cancer diagnosis evidences that autism is defined by a set of non-objective symptoms, whereas cancer is defined by a number of objective criteria ranging from histology to molecular biology. In addition, if the criteria for the diagnosis of cancer are relatively straightforward and there is national and international consensus on the assessment of severity and progression of the disease through staging and grading, the diagnosis of autism is still subjected to periodical revisions and, in the United States, there is not even uniformity in the criteria for diagnosis between the different States of the Union.3 Also, the interest for the two diseases appears to be very different and such a difference is present both in the general public and specialized researchers. Thus, the search engine Google Trends evidences that the interest over time for searches for “autism” is, on average, 8, whereas the interest for cancer is 72, and this trend appears to be rather constant since the inception of the system in the year 2004 (according to Google, “the numbers for ‘interest over time’ represent search interest relative to the highest point on the chart for the given region and time. A value of 100 is the peak popularity for the term. A value of 50 means that the term is half as popular. Likewise, a score of zero means the term was less than 1% as popular as the peak”). In the area of peer-reviewed papers retrievable from the database PubMed, such a difference is even more evident. A search for “autism” performed at the end of 2017 yielded about 40,000 papers with an exponential rise in the past 17 years. A search for “cancer” performed the same day, yielded about 3.5 million papers with a steady growth for the past 40 years. These simple observation may be interpreted in a number of ways that are not necessarily mutually exclusive.
{"title":"From neurology to oncology: what have in common autism and cancer? the role of oncogenes, immune system and microbiota","authors":"M. Ruggiero, S. Pacini","doi":"10.15406/jnsk.2018.08.00303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jnsk.2018.08.00303","url":null,"abstract":"Comparison between the criteria for autism and cancer diagnosis evidences that autism is defined by a set of non-objective symptoms, whereas cancer is defined by a number of objective criteria ranging from histology to molecular biology. In addition, if the criteria for the diagnosis of cancer are relatively straightforward and there is national and international consensus on the assessment of severity and progression of the disease through staging and grading, the diagnosis of autism is still subjected to periodical revisions and, in the United States, there is not even uniformity in the criteria for diagnosis between the different States of the Union.3 Also, the interest for the two diseases appears to be very different and such a difference is present both in the general public and specialized researchers. Thus, the search engine Google Trends evidences that the interest over time for searches for “autism” is, on average, 8, whereas the interest for cancer is 72, and this trend appears to be rather constant since the inception of the system in the year 2004 (according to Google, “the numbers for ‘interest over time’ represent search interest relative to the highest point on the chart for the given region and time. A value of 100 is the peak popularity for the term. A value of 50 means that the term is half as popular. Likewise, a score of zero means the term was less than 1% as popular as the peak”). In the area of peer-reviewed papers retrievable from the database PubMed, such a difference is even more evident. A search for “autism” performed at the end of 2017 yielded about 40,000 papers with an exponential rise in the past 17 years. A search for “cancer” performed the same day, yielded about 3.5 million papers with a steady growth for the past 40 years. These simple observation may be interpreted in a number of ways that are not necessarily mutually exclusive.","PeriodicalId":106839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Stroke","volume":"31 16","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113941290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-22DOI: 10.15406/JNSK.2018.08.00302
Sureshkumar Pn, A. Gopalakrishnan
Serotonin specific reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) are widely used antidepressants for a variety of clinical conditions because of their relatively safe side-effect profile. However, a recent review of all Food and Drug Administration adverse events indicates that SSRIs are common offenders among the various classes of antidepressants, producing extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS). The incidence of EPS is high with escitalopram (12%) followed by sertaline (11%), paroxetine (10%) and fluoxeine (8%).1 The SSRIs produces reversible or irreversible motor disturbances through pathophysiological changes in basal ganglion motor system by altering the dopamine receptors postsynaptically.2 Here we report a case of escitalopram-induced EPS to increase clinical awareness about this rare presentation.
{"title":"Escitalopram-induced extrapyramidal symptoms","authors":"Sureshkumar Pn, A. Gopalakrishnan","doi":"10.15406/JNSK.2018.08.00302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JNSK.2018.08.00302","url":null,"abstract":"Serotonin specific reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) are widely used antidepressants for a variety of clinical conditions because of their relatively safe side-effect profile. However, a recent review of all Food and Drug Administration adverse events indicates that SSRIs are common offenders among the various classes of antidepressants, producing extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS). The incidence of EPS is high with escitalopram (12%) followed by sertaline (11%), paroxetine (10%) and fluoxeine (8%).1 The SSRIs produces reversible or irreversible motor disturbances through pathophysiological changes in basal ganglion motor system by altering the dopamine receptors postsynaptically.2 Here we report a case of escitalopram-induced EPS to increase clinical awareness about this rare presentation.","PeriodicalId":106839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Stroke","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121660495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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