Pub Date : 2017-05-08DOI: 10.15406/jnsk.2017.06.00217
T. Abe, S. Ohnishi, T. Ishiyama, Y. Yoneoka
Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com 62 beats per minute, his respiratory rate 18 breaths per minute, and his oxygen saturation 99% while breathing ambient air. An electrocardiogram showed normal sinus rhythm, at a rate of 50 beats per minute. Inspection revealed decubitus in the back and the buttocks as well as incontinence. The arterial blood gas analysis under ambient air showed normoxia and normocapnia. His plasma glucose was 131 mg/dL (reference range, 70-110 mg/ dL), his blood level of carbon monoxide (CO) was 1.2 % (< 2%), and his blood ammonium concentration was 43 μg/dL (< 66 μg/dL). The remainder of his blood examination included inflammation values including 6.60 mg/dL of C-reactive protein (< 0.14 mg/dL) and 6505 IU/L of creatinine phosphokinase (59-248 IU/L).
{"title":"Symmetrically Paired Spots in the Basal Ganglia: A Clue to Fill the Gap in the History of Present Illness of a Comatose Patient","authors":"T. Abe, S. Ohnishi, T. Ishiyama, Y. Yoneoka","doi":"10.15406/jnsk.2017.06.00217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jnsk.2017.06.00217","url":null,"abstract":"Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com 62 beats per minute, his respiratory rate 18 breaths per minute, and his oxygen saturation 99% while breathing ambient air. An electrocardiogram showed normal sinus rhythm, at a rate of 50 beats per minute. Inspection revealed decubitus in the back and the buttocks as well as incontinence. The arterial blood gas analysis under ambient air showed normoxia and normocapnia. His plasma glucose was 131 mg/dL (reference range, 70-110 mg/ dL), his blood level of carbon monoxide (CO) was 1.2 % (< 2%), and his blood ammonium concentration was 43 μg/dL (< 66 μg/dL). The remainder of his blood examination included inflammation values including 6.60 mg/dL of C-reactive protein (< 0.14 mg/dL) and 6505 IU/L of creatinine phosphokinase (59-248 IU/L).","PeriodicalId":106839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Stroke","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129541627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-05DOI: 10.15406/JNSK.2017.06.00216
E. Klimov
Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is the third most common myopathy found in adults, with an overall incidence of more than 1:20000 (source: Orphanet). It is classified among progressive muscular dystrophies, characterized by muscular fiber necrosis and degeneration giving rise to progressive muscular weakness and atrophy. Weakness usually progresses very slowly, allowing FSHD patients to adapt and compensate muscular deficiencies, at least at the functional level [1].
{"title":"Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy: The Molecular Signaling Pathway","authors":"E. Klimov","doi":"10.15406/JNSK.2017.06.00216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JNSK.2017.06.00216","url":null,"abstract":"Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is the third most common myopathy found in adults, with an overall incidence of more than 1:20000 (source: Orphanet). It is classified among progressive muscular dystrophies, characterized by muscular fiber necrosis and degeneration giving rise to progressive muscular weakness and atrophy. Weakness usually progresses very slowly, allowing FSHD patients to adapt and compensate muscular deficiencies, at least at the functional level [1].","PeriodicalId":106839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Stroke","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132742150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-05DOI: 10.15406/JNSK.2017.06.00215
Saba Zaidi, B. Soomro
Hashimoto’s encephalopathy (HE) is an uncommon neurological syndrome associated with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, first reported by Brain et al in 1966. The disorder occurs more frequently between age 44 to 46 years, with a female to male ratio of 4:1. The clinical presentation may involve relapsing remitting course and include stroke like episodes, cognitive decline, neuropsychiatric symptoms, seizures and myoclonus. Thyroid status may vary from hyperthyroid, euthyroid to hypothyroid. Treatment with corticosteroids is almost always successful. Other forms of immunomodulation, such as intravenous immune-globulin and plasma exchange, may also be effective. We presented a case of hashimoto’s encephalopathy in a patient of known bipolar disorder with lithium toxicity.
{"title":"A Case of Hashimoto’s Encephalopathy in a Patient with Lithium Toxicity","authors":"Saba Zaidi, B. Soomro","doi":"10.15406/JNSK.2017.06.00215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JNSK.2017.06.00215","url":null,"abstract":"Hashimoto’s encephalopathy (HE) is an uncommon neurological syndrome associated with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, first reported by Brain et al in 1966. The disorder occurs more frequently between age 44 to 46 years, with a female to male ratio of 4:1. The clinical presentation may involve relapsing remitting course and include stroke like episodes, cognitive decline, neuropsychiatric symptoms, seizures and myoclonus. Thyroid status may vary from hyperthyroid, euthyroid to hypothyroid. Treatment with corticosteroids is almost always successful. Other forms of immunomodulation, such as intravenous immune-globulin and plasma exchange, may also be effective. We presented a case of hashimoto’s encephalopathy in a patient of known bipolar disorder with lithium toxicity.","PeriodicalId":106839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Stroke","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129499557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-02DOI: 10.15406/JNSK.2017.6.00213
L. Perryman, B. Speck, R. Weiner
Background: Literature supports utilizing electrical stimulation of the occipital and trigeminal nerves (PNS) for treatment of neuralgic pain localized to the craniofacial and occipital areas. However, surgical factors like extensive lead tunneling, IPG implant locations and cosmetic events have limited a more widespread usage of peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) for these conditions. Also, adverse events and complications like lead erosion and/or migration, and infection at the surgical site necessitates an alternate approach in the implant techniques with minimal invasive devices for this form of PNS.
{"title":"A Novel Wireless Minimally Invasive Neuromodulation Device for the Treatment of Chronic Intractable Occipital Neuralgia: Case Illustrations","authors":"L. Perryman, B. Speck, R. Weiner","doi":"10.15406/JNSK.2017.6.00213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JNSK.2017.6.00213","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Literature supports utilizing electrical stimulation of the occipital and trigeminal nerves (PNS) for treatment of neuralgic pain localized to the craniofacial and occipital areas. However, surgical factors like extensive lead tunneling, IPG implant locations and cosmetic events have limited a more widespread usage of peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) for these conditions. Also, adverse events and complications like lead erosion and/or migration, and infection at the surgical site necessitates an alternate approach in the implant techniques with minimal invasive devices for this form of PNS.","PeriodicalId":106839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Stroke","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122703917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-02DOI: 10.15406/jnsk.2017.06.00214
R. Khatri, A. Vellipuram, A. Maud, G. Rodriguez
Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com (ACST) demonstrated a positive statistically significant difference when CEA was utilized, however the absolute risk reduction for cerebrovascular events was rather modest compared to the best medical therapy [2,3]. The high number of CEAs required to prevent one ipsilateral stroke in combination with recent advances in best medical therapy, has questioned the surgery in asymptomatic patients in providing best clinical practice [4]. With modern intensive medical therapy, the annual risk of ipsilateral stroke in patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis is now down to ≤1% per year [5]. For asymptomatic patients, the risk of ipsilateral stroke after CEA is 0.5% per year, but this rate may not be significantly lower than that currently associated with medical therapy alone [1]. When we consider perioperative risks with carotid revascularization procedures in asymptomatic patients, including both carotid endarterectomy and carotid angioplasty and stent placement in major trials including ACAS, ACST, Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy Versus Stenting Trial (CREST) and The Asymptomatic Carotid Surgery Trial-1 (ACT1), the risk of stroke and death within 30 days ranges from 1.4 % to 3%. Although procedures have become safer over time due to a technological advancement, they are not able to keep up with the efficacy of best medical treatment to a similar extent. We believe that the accepted threshold of 3% for perioperative complication rates during recanalization procedures may indeed be high given the recent advances in best medical treatment.
{"title":"Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis Revascularization: Not for all but Selected Few","authors":"R. Khatri, A. Vellipuram, A. Maud, G. Rodriguez","doi":"10.15406/jnsk.2017.06.00214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jnsk.2017.06.00214","url":null,"abstract":"Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com (ACST) demonstrated a positive statistically significant difference when CEA was utilized, however the absolute risk reduction for cerebrovascular events was rather modest compared to the best medical therapy [2,3]. The high number of CEAs required to prevent one ipsilateral stroke in combination with recent advances in best medical therapy, has questioned the surgery in asymptomatic patients in providing best clinical practice [4]. With modern intensive medical therapy, the annual risk of ipsilateral stroke in patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis is now down to ≤1% per year [5]. For asymptomatic patients, the risk of ipsilateral stroke after CEA is 0.5% per year, but this rate may not be significantly lower than that currently associated with medical therapy alone [1]. When we consider perioperative risks with carotid revascularization procedures in asymptomatic patients, including both carotid endarterectomy and carotid angioplasty and stent placement in major trials including ACAS, ACST, Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy Versus Stenting Trial (CREST) and The Asymptomatic Carotid Surgery Trial-1 (ACT1), the risk of stroke and death within 30 days ranges from 1.4 % to 3%. Although procedures have become safer over time due to a technological advancement, they are not able to keep up with the efficacy of best medical treatment to a similar extent. We believe that the accepted threshold of 3% for perioperative complication rates during recanalization procedures may indeed be high given the recent advances in best medical treatment.","PeriodicalId":106839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Stroke","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114433612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-25DOI: 10.15406/JNSK.2017.06.00212
P. Ambrosi, C. Ambrosi
Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com Despite challenging task, a reasonable brain aneurysm visualization can be performed by noninvasive methods as magnetic resonance angiography (which identifies small aneurysms between 3 to 5 mm size) with up to 95% sensitivity and high accuracy when special sequences as volume rendering and 3D time-of-flight are performed or CT angiography which has good sensitivity for aneurysms larger than 3 mm [5]. This is making the DSA is no longer considered essential for establishing the diagnostic of brain aneurysms [1]. Non-invasive methods are particularly recognised for screening of the highrisk brain aneurysmal populations e.g patients with genetic or collagen diseases, familiar occurrence or with history of multiple aneurysms or “minor” neurological symptoms including e.g chronic or recent headache or migraines like headache, visual acuity loss, cranial neuropathies, pyramidal tract dysfunction, pituitary clinical manifestations, atypical facial pain among others. Also, it has been used specially angioCT as routine after subarachnoid haemorrhage or follow-up of treated brain aneurysm [7-15].
{"title":"Brain Aneuryms: Isn’t Time to Review the Strategy for its Detection and Screening in Limited Clinical Environment and in the New Robotic Era?","authors":"P. Ambrosi, C. Ambrosi","doi":"10.15406/JNSK.2017.06.00212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JNSK.2017.06.00212","url":null,"abstract":"Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com Despite challenging task, a reasonable brain aneurysm visualization can be performed by noninvasive methods as magnetic resonance angiography (which identifies small aneurysms between 3 to 5 mm size) with up to 95% sensitivity and high accuracy when special sequences as volume rendering and 3D time-of-flight are performed or CT angiography which has good sensitivity for aneurysms larger than 3 mm [5]. This is making the DSA is no longer considered essential for establishing the diagnostic of brain aneurysms [1]. Non-invasive methods are particularly recognised for screening of the highrisk brain aneurysmal populations e.g patients with genetic or collagen diseases, familiar occurrence or with history of multiple aneurysms or “minor” neurological symptoms including e.g chronic or recent headache or migraines like headache, visual acuity loss, cranial neuropathies, pyramidal tract dysfunction, pituitary clinical manifestations, atypical facial pain among others. Also, it has been used specially angioCT as routine after subarachnoid haemorrhage or follow-up of treated brain aneurysm [7-15].","PeriodicalId":106839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Stroke","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129949197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-17DOI: 10.15406/JNSK.2017.06.00211
Sanjoy Sanyal
99mTc pertechnetate scan: The pertechnetate (TcO4) ion in technetium (Tc) pertechnetate binds to plasma proteins, quickly moves into the extra-cellular space and distributes itself like the chloride (Cl-) ion in various organs except the normal brain because of the blood brain barrier (BBB). Thus, negligible uptake of the isotope by the normal brain prevents its effective visualisation by isotope scan, unlike other organs [3].
{"title":"Overview of Role of Radionuclides in Scanning the Brain in Health and Disease","authors":"Sanjoy Sanyal","doi":"10.15406/JNSK.2017.06.00211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JNSK.2017.06.00211","url":null,"abstract":"99mTc pertechnetate scan: The pertechnetate (TcO4) ion in technetium (Tc) pertechnetate binds to plasma proteins, quickly moves into the extra-cellular space and distributes itself like the chloride (Cl-) ion in various organs except the normal brain because of the blood brain barrier (BBB). Thus, negligible uptake of the isotope by the normal brain prevents its effective visualisation by isotope scan, unlike other organs [3].","PeriodicalId":106839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Stroke","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114648074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-17DOI: 10.15406/JNSK.2017.06.00210
V. Tarantseva
It is necessary to evaluate not only dysfunctions of ill and disabled people after cerebral stroke, but for successful rehabilitation breaches of the main functions of life activities as well and the possibilities of their lessening. In the course of medical and social examination in accordance with current legislation one should evaluate seven main categories of life activities: ability to self-service, ability to move self-reliantly, ability to orientation, ability to communication, ability to selfcontrol of behavior, ability to education and ability to work. We studied the structure of limitations of 2000 disabled people of working age, initially considered invalids after cerebral stroke.
{"title":"Breaches of the Main Categories of Life Activities among Disabled People of Working Age, Caused by Cerebral Stroke","authors":"V. Tarantseva","doi":"10.15406/JNSK.2017.06.00210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JNSK.2017.06.00210","url":null,"abstract":"It is necessary to evaluate not only dysfunctions of ill and disabled people after cerebral stroke, but for successful rehabilitation breaches of the main functions of life activities as well and the possibilities of their lessening. In the course of medical and social examination in accordance with current legislation one should evaluate seven main categories of life activities: ability to self-service, ability to move self-reliantly, ability to orientation, ability to communication, ability to selfcontrol of behavior, ability to education and ability to work. We studied the structure of limitations of 2000 disabled people of working age, initially considered invalids after cerebral stroke.","PeriodicalId":106839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Stroke","volume":"272 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129755822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-11DOI: 10.15406/jnsk.2017.06.00209
H. Erdoğan, V. Antar, A. Kaya, Levent Fırat, Tara Kubilay, E. Taşdemiroğlu
Animal models are developed to test hypotheses about causes of disease, and potential treatments. With genetic, molecular, imaging and electrophysiological studies being supported by animal models, autism research has been flourishing in recent years. On different aspects of autism research, a significant number of reviews have been published. Several of them treated animal models to help current knowledge around its etiology while some others had standpoint of species or neuroanatomical findings. In this article, we present an overview of the animal models.
{"title":"Animal Models of Autism Spectrum Disorder","authors":"H. Erdoğan, V. Antar, A. Kaya, Levent Fırat, Tara Kubilay, E. Taşdemiroğlu","doi":"10.15406/jnsk.2017.06.00209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jnsk.2017.06.00209","url":null,"abstract":"Animal models are developed to test hypotheses about causes of disease, and potential treatments. With genetic, molecular, imaging and electrophysiological studies being supported by animal models, autism research has been flourishing in recent years. On different aspects of autism research, a significant number of reviews have been published. Several of them treated animal models to help current knowledge around its etiology while some others had standpoint of species or neuroanatomical findings. In this article, we present an overview of the animal models.","PeriodicalId":106839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Stroke","volume":"592 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120879522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-10DOI: 10.15406/jnsk.2017.06.00208
R. Brucato
{"title":"Research Continues to Identify Risks Marijuana Poses to Adolescents, Including the Path to Heroin","authors":"R. Brucato","doi":"10.15406/jnsk.2017.06.00208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jnsk.2017.06.00208","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":106839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Stroke","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122496329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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