Pub Date : 2018-01-05DOI: 10.15406/jnsk.2018.08.00270
Manuel Riaño-Garzón, Edgar Alexis Díaz Camargo
TBI was defined as damage to the brain by external mechanical forces, an injury that may be accompanied by physical, cognitive, behavioral and emotional alterations [1]. According to the National Administrative Department of Statistics DANE, of the total number of deaths in Colombia, Trauma occupies the first place with 40.4% of the total distributed as follows: homicides 69%, traffic accident 15.9%, other accidents 7.6%, suicides 3.4%, and other traumas 3.3% [2].
{"title":"Neurofeedback Training to Increase of Cognitive Skills in Patient with Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)","authors":"Manuel Riaño-Garzón, Edgar Alexis Díaz Camargo","doi":"10.15406/jnsk.2018.08.00270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jnsk.2018.08.00270","url":null,"abstract":"TBI was defined as damage to the brain by external mechanical forces, an injury that may be accompanied by physical, cognitive, behavioral and emotional alterations [1]. According to the National Administrative Department of Statistics DANE, of the total number of deaths in Colombia, Trauma occupies the first place with 40.4% of the total distributed as follows: homicides 69%, traffic accident 15.9%, other accidents 7.6%, suicides 3.4%, and other traumas 3.3% [2].","PeriodicalId":106839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Stroke","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129565065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-04DOI: 10.15406/JNSK.2017.08.00269
Stavros J. Baloyannis
Among the theories on Mind of Pre-Socratic philosophers, the originality of Anaxagoras’ concepts is particularly impressive. The compact, strong, precise Anaxagoras’ thought,the uniqueness of his ontology, plenty of new scientific horizons and further perspectives, attempting to link the real world with metaphysics, the substance with the energy, the Mind (nous) with the human existence and the universe, the man with the cosmos, place Anaxagoras in an exceptional high level in the pantheon of Greek philosophers. According to Anaxagoras, the Mind (nous) is infinite and self-powered. Mind is the supreme principle, the greatest power, that is mixed with nothing but it exists alone itself by itself, whereas all other entities include a portion of everything.Mind is the purest of all entities, with a unique authenticity. It rules over all entities that have life, both greater and less, as the superb creative power, which controls the function and the activity of everything and puts all things in order, setting them in a continuous motion. Anaxagoras claimed that the rotation of the things causes them to be more distinct and active. In addition he had the idea, that the material elements may be divided endlessly. Therefor neither is there a least but there is always a less, even invisible in its unlimited smallness. Subsequently each substance or thing may be both small and great. It is reasonable to conceive that “being” is not “non being or non existing”, and all things include a portion of every type of basic substance, being basically “homoiomerous”. Nothing comes into being nor decays totally. Every type of substance can also emerge from every type of substance. Only mind (Nous) is always the same, self-existent, timeless (achronon), eternal, unchangeable, perfect. Concerning cosmology, Anaxagoras thought that the Mind (Nous) provoked * Professor Emeritus rotation of the primordial chaos and ordered the redistribution of diffusely existing elements, which started to being separated. Ultimately, the continuous rotation induced the creation of cosmos, the structure of the celestial world, the emerge of the universe. Prior to creation of the universe by the Mind, everything was in undifferentiated condition, in a chaotic state, until the continuous rotation in the form of a vortex (perichoresis), caused the formation of the world by the fusion of the various visible material masses. Anaxagoras’philosophy, associating the theoretical elevation with the scientific pragmatism is an important precursor to modern scientific theories, including the theory of relativity and the generation of the universe. Moreover, Anaxagoras’ concept of the omnipotent Mind is a significant milestone in the field Neurophilosophy.
{"title":"Anaxagoras on Mind","authors":"Stavros J. Baloyannis","doi":"10.15406/JNSK.2017.08.00269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JNSK.2017.08.00269","url":null,"abstract":"Among the theories on Mind of Pre-Socratic philosophers, the originality of Anaxagoras’ concepts is particularly impressive. The compact, strong, precise Anaxagoras’ thought,the uniqueness of his ontology, plenty of new scientific horizons and further perspectives, attempting to link the real world with metaphysics, the substance with the energy, the Mind (nous) with the human existence and the universe, the man with the cosmos, place Anaxagoras in an exceptional high level in the pantheon of Greek philosophers. According to Anaxagoras, the Mind (nous) is infinite and self-powered. Mind is the supreme principle, the greatest power, that is mixed with nothing but it exists alone itself by itself, whereas all other entities include a portion of everything.Mind is the purest of all entities, with a unique authenticity. It rules over all entities that have life, both greater and less, as the superb creative power, which controls the function and the activity of everything and puts all things in order, setting them in a continuous motion. Anaxagoras claimed that the rotation of the things causes them to be more distinct and active. In addition he had the idea, that the material elements may be divided endlessly. Therefor neither is there a least but there is always a less, even invisible in its unlimited smallness. Subsequently each substance or thing may be both small and great. It is reasonable to conceive that “being” is not “non being or non existing”, and all things include a portion of every type of basic substance, being basically “homoiomerous”. Nothing comes into being nor decays totally. Every type of substance can also emerge from every type of substance. Only mind (Nous) is always the same, self-existent, timeless (achronon), eternal, unchangeable, perfect. Concerning cosmology, Anaxagoras thought that the Mind (Nous) provoked * Professor Emeritus rotation of the primordial chaos and ordered the redistribution of diffusely existing elements, which started to being separated. Ultimately, the continuous rotation induced the creation of cosmos, the structure of the celestial world, the emerge of the universe. Prior to creation of the universe by the Mind, everything was in undifferentiated condition, in a chaotic state, until the continuous rotation in the form of a vortex (perichoresis), caused the formation of the world by the fusion of the various visible material masses. Anaxagoras’philosophy, associating the theoretical elevation with the scientific pragmatism is an important precursor to modern scientific theories, including the theory of relativity and the generation of the universe. Moreover, Anaxagoras’ concept of the omnipotent Mind is a significant milestone in the field Neurophilosophy.","PeriodicalId":106839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Stroke","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125052716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-30DOI: 10.15406/JNSK.2016.05.00187
K. Lagios, T. Mpazinas, S. Veranis, Sphikas Sp, A. Kapetanakis, G. Koutsoumpelis
We present a case of a 73 years old, caucasian male patient who presented two years ago with progressive dementia, frequent falls, unsteady gait and somnolence. He suffered from diabetes type 2 and mild chronic renal insufficiency. He was diagnosed with obstructive hydrocephalus and tentorial dural fistula (Cognard type IV). He underwent brain angiography and embolization of the fistula. His symptoms improved remarkably postembolisation and he remains stable after two years of follow up
{"title":"Hydrocephalus Treated with Embolization of a Tentorial Dural Fistula","authors":"K. Lagios, T. Mpazinas, S. Veranis, Sphikas Sp, A. Kapetanakis, G. Koutsoumpelis","doi":"10.15406/JNSK.2016.05.00187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JNSK.2016.05.00187","url":null,"abstract":"We present a case of a 73 years old, caucasian male patient who presented two years ago with progressive dementia, frequent falls, unsteady gait and somnolence. He suffered from diabetes type 2 and mild chronic renal insufficiency. He was diagnosed with obstructive hydrocephalus and tentorial dural fistula (Cognard type IV). He underwent brain angiography and embolization of the fistula. His symptoms improved remarkably postembolisation and he remains stable after two years of follow up","PeriodicalId":106839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Stroke","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129478541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-21DOI: 10.15406/JNSK.2017.07.00268
Stephanie Kersten, B. Fuchs, M. Liebherr
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is defined as a “chronic, inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with additionally differently pronounced loss of axons and reactive gliosis” [1]. Although etiological and pathogenetic processes are still unclear, it is assumed that MS can be assigned to autoimmune diseases, in which body tissue is attacked by the immune system [1,2]. Due to their different inflammatory origin, persons with MS still differ in the manifestation of individual symptoms. The most common symptoms comprise sensory disturbances (approx. 40% of the patients), motor impairments (ca. 39% of the patients), pain syndrome (ca. 15% of the patients), and cognitive impairments (ca. 10% of the patients) [3]. Therefore, MS must be seen as a complex and inter-individually strong varying neurodegenerative disease. On a symptomatic level, limitations can occur in neuropsychological functions (e.g. cognition, fatigue, depression), vegetative functions (e.g. bladder, dysentery, and sexuality disorders), as well as in deficits associated with the cerebral nerves (e.g. eye movement disorders, dysarthria, dysphagia) and pain phenomena [1,4]. Sustained motor impairments are caused by spasticity, muscle weakness, gait and balance disorders [1,4]. Significant differences in people with MS (pwMS) base on the fact that the course of the disease pattern is unpredictable. Until this day and age, pharmacological treatments are considered as gold standard in MS therapy. Thereby, pharmacological as well as nonpharmacological interventions must be seen as symptom-based treatment. Until now, the etiology of MS has not been clarified; in consequence it is absolutely necessary to further develop existing rehabilitation programs in order to maintain physical, sensory, psychological and social functions. In this context, first investigations pointed out the possibilities of using bioand neurofeedback as a therapeutical intervention in this group of patients. In biofeedback (BF) therapy, body signals are reported to the patients in real-time, so that the person can learn to influence these body functions [5]. The aim of biofeedback treatment is the perception and influence of physical processes, which are important in the maintenance of mental, psychosomatic and physical diseases. Biofeedback can be used as a specific intervention, without already known side effects [5]. For example, Jensen et al. [6] used Neurofeedback (EEG-Biofeedback) to treat chronic pain in people with MS (pwMS). The authors reported a positive influence of the additional use of neurofeedback on self-hypnosis in chronic pain of pwMS. Choobforousshazadeh et al. [7] investigated the effects of neurofeed back training on depressive symptoms and fatigue in pwMS. Furthermore, Lucio & colleagues [8] found an improved control of pelvic floor muscles in pwMS who suffer from sexual dysfunctions, after EMGsupported biofeedback training and additional neuromuscular electrostimulation. Pro
{"title":"EMG - Supported Biofeedback Training in a Person with Multiple Sclerosis - A Case Study","authors":"Stephanie Kersten, B. Fuchs, M. Liebherr","doi":"10.15406/JNSK.2017.07.00268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JNSK.2017.07.00268","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is defined as a “chronic, inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with additionally differently pronounced loss of axons and reactive gliosis” [1]. Although etiological and pathogenetic processes are still unclear, it is assumed that MS can be assigned to autoimmune diseases, in which body tissue is attacked by the immune system [1,2]. Due to their different inflammatory origin, persons with MS still differ in the manifestation of individual symptoms. The most common symptoms comprise sensory disturbances (approx. 40% of the patients), motor impairments (ca. 39% of the patients), pain syndrome (ca. 15% of the patients), and cognitive impairments (ca. 10% of the patients) [3]. Therefore, MS must be seen as a complex and inter-individually strong varying neurodegenerative disease. On a symptomatic level, limitations can occur in neuropsychological functions (e.g. cognition, fatigue, depression), vegetative functions (e.g. bladder, dysentery, and sexuality disorders), as well as in deficits associated with the cerebral nerves (e.g. eye movement disorders, dysarthria, dysphagia) and pain phenomena [1,4]. Sustained motor impairments are caused by spasticity, muscle weakness, gait and balance disorders [1,4]. Significant differences in people with MS (pwMS) base on the fact that the course of the disease pattern is unpredictable. Until this day and age, pharmacological treatments are considered as gold standard in MS therapy. Thereby, pharmacological as well as nonpharmacological interventions must be seen as symptom-based treatment. Until now, the etiology of MS has not been clarified; in consequence it is absolutely necessary to further develop existing rehabilitation programs in order to maintain physical, sensory, psychological and social functions. In this context, first investigations pointed out the possibilities of using bioand neurofeedback as a therapeutical intervention in this group of patients. In biofeedback (BF) therapy, body signals are reported to the patients in real-time, so that the person can learn to influence these body functions [5]. The aim of biofeedback treatment is the perception and influence of physical processes, which are important in the maintenance of mental, psychosomatic and physical diseases. Biofeedback can be used as a specific intervention, without already known side effects [5]. For example, Jensen et al. [6] used Neurofeedback (EEG-Biofeedback) to treat chronic pain in people with MS (pwMS). The authors reported a positive influence of the additional use of neurofeedback on self-hypnosis in chronic pain of pwMS. Choobforousshazadeh et al. [7] investigated the effects of neurofeed back training on depressive symptoms and fatigue in pwMS. Furthermore, Lucio & colleagues [8] found an improved control of pelvic floor muscles in pwMS who suffer from sexual dysfunctions, after EMGsupported biofeedback training and additional neuromuscular electrostimulation. Pro","PeriodicalId":106839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Stroke","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129891159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-20DOI: 10.15406/jnsk.2016.05.00186
Sloka S. Iyengar
Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com potential proand anti-epileptogenic effects [1,2]. Given that epilepsy can be associated with neurodegeneration, mossy fiber sprouting and changes in receptor and neurotransmitter function, examining the specific role of reactive astrogliosis in epilepsy has been fraught with difficulties. Previously, a transgenic mouse line was generated [3] where deletion of β1-integrin preferentially in radial glia caused reactive astrogliosis marked by hypertrophy and upregulation of astrocyte-specific markers. Using this transgenic mouse line, in the current Journal of Neuroscience study [4], the authors examined whether reactive astrogliosis by itself was sufficient to cause epilepsy, and what the underlying mechanisms would be.
{"title":"Reactive Astrogliosis in Epilepsy -Passive Bystanders no more","authors":"Sloka S. Iyengar","doi":"10.15406/jnsk.2016.05.00186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jnsk.2016.05.00186","url":null,"abstract":"Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com potential proand anti-epileptogenic effects [1,2]. Given that epilepsy can be associated with neurodegeneration, mossy fiber sprouting and changes in receptor and neurotransmitter function, examining the specific role of reactive astrogliosis in epilepsy has been fraught with difficulties. Previously, a transgenic mouse line was generated [3] where deletion of β1-integrin preferentially in radial glia caused reactive astrogliosis marked by hypertrophy and upregulation of astrocyte-specific markers. Using this transgenic mouse line, in the current Journal of Neuroscience study [4], the authors examined whether reactive astrogliosis by itself was sufficient to cause epilepsy, and what the underlying mechanisms would be.","PeriodicalId":106839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Stroke","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128904823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-19DOI: 10.15406/jnsk.2017.07.00267
K. Takizawa, J. R. Almeida, J. Brooks, Daniela Cechi, D. Polito
{"title":"Postherpetic Abdominal Pseudohernia","authors":"K. Takizawa, J. R. Almeida, J. Brooks, Daniela Cechi, D. Polito","doi":"10.15406/jnsk.2017.07.00267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jnsk.2017.07.00267","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":106839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Stroke","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132492258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-29DOI: 10.15406/JNSK.2017.07.00266
Alenicova Oa, Likhachev Sa, Davidova Oi
Visual impairments are not the core symptoms in PD, but gain in significance when accompanied by exacerbation of the primary symptoms, since visual impairments reduce compensation and adaptation the patient to motor disturbances. Most frequent complaints include fuzzy vision, photophobia, asthenopia (with eye fatigue, often accompanied by headache and blurred vision). Patients with PD often find it difficult to read and to orientate themselves in the dusk or a scarcely lit room [1,2]. However, when patients seek for ophthalmological help, routine examinations often do not reveal any eye disorder, while neurologists do not pay needful attention to such complaints, because they are not familiar enough with Parkinsonian visual disturbances.
{"title":"Clinical Significance and Pathogenesis of Visual Impairment in Parkinson's Disease","authors":"Alenicova Oa, Likhachev Sa, Davidova Oi","doi":"10.15406/JNSK.2017.07.00266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JNSK.2017.07.00266","url":null,"abstract":"Visual impairments are not the core symptoms in PD, but gain in significance when accompanied by exacerbation of the primary symptoms, since visual impairments reduce compensation and adaptation the patient to motor disturbances. Most frequent complaints include fuzzy vision, photophobia, asthenopia (with eye fatigue, often accompanied by headache and blurred vision). Patients with PD often find it difficult to read and to orientate themselves in the dusk or a scarcely lit room [1,2]. However, when patients seek for ophthalmological help, routine examinations often do not reveal any eye disorder, while neurologists do not pay needful attention to such complaints, because they are not familiar enough with Parkinsonian visual disturbances.","PeriodicalId":106839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Stroke","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121906433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-27DOI: 10.15406/jnsk.2017.07.00265
C. Gentile, Aless, R. Adami
Ischemic stroke due to atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with a high risk of recurrence, which may occur early after the index event [1]. Oral anticoagulant therapy (OAT) is effective in preventing stroke recurrence and should be initiated as soon as possible [2]. However, the choice of the best timing to start OAT remains controversial and requires an accurate evaluation of the patient clinical conditions, to limit the risk of symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation (sHT).
{"title":"Early Anticoagulation for Recurrent Ischemic Stroke despite the Presence of Ventricular Bleeding","authors":"C. Gentile, Aless, R. Adami","doi":"10.15406/jnsk.2017.07.00265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jnsk.2017.07.00265","url":null,"abstract":"Ischemic stroke due to atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with a high risk of recurrence, which may occur early after the index event [1]. Oral anticoagulant therapy (OAT) is effective in preventing stroke recurrence and should be initiated as soon as possible [2]. However, the choice of the best timing to start OAT remains controversial and requires an accurate evaluation of the patient clinical conditions, to limit the risk of symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation (sHT).","PeriodicalId":106839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Stroke","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131874139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-22DOI: 10.15406/jnsk.2017.07.00263
M. Ruggiero
In a very recent paper published in November 2017 in the peer-reviewed scientific journal Bio Accent Open Access HIV, I describe a novel procedure designed to improve efficacy of DNA vaccines in areas as diverse as Alzheimer’s disease, HIV infection and cancer [1]. This procedure is based on non-covalent binding of highly charged molecules to DNA; positively charged polyL-lysine is first bound to plasmid DNA. This step is followed by binding of negatively charged chondroitin sulfate to the [polyL-lysine/DNA] complex in a very precise ratio. The third step consists in encasing the resulting [chondroitin sulfate/poly-Llysine/DNA] complexes in a shell of phosphatidylcholine with the formation of a structure similar to liposomes or micelles. This structure reminds the physiological assembly of phospholipids and glycosaminoglycans in human plasma as well as the primeval multi-molecular structures responsible for the origin of life on earth [2]. The implications deriving from the development of this procedure are significant for all those diseases where immunotherapy through DNA vaccination may prove useful. In the field of neurodegenerative diseases, current approaches to immunotherapy of Alzheimer’s disease, although promising, still show a number of limitations and it is anticipated that “More effective and sophisticated vaccines such as DNA vaccine and recombinant viral vaccines will be utilized in future” [3]. The procedure described in Ruggiero [1] may effectively overcome current limitations and increase efficacy of DNA vaccination in Alzheimer’s disease by providing a tool that enhances bioavailability of DNA vaccines and improves immune responses.
在2017年11月发表在同行评审科学期刊《Bio Accent Open Access HIV》上的一篇最新论文中，我描述了一种新的程序，旨在提高DNA疫苗在阿尔茨海默病、艾滋病毒感染和癌症等多种领域的疗效[1]。这一过程是基于高电荷分子与DNA的非共价结合;带正电的聚赖氨酸首先与质粒DNA结合。这一步之后，带负电荷的硫酸软骨素以非常精确的比例与[聚赖氨酸/DNA]复合物结合。第三步是将生成的[硫酸软骨素/聚赖氨酸/DNA]复合物包裹在磷脂酰胆碱的外壳中，形成类似脂质体或胶束的结构。这种结构让人联想到人类血浆中磷脂和糖胺聚糖的生理组装，以及地球上生命起源的原始多分子结构[2]。这一程序的发展对所有那些通过DNA疫苗免疫治疗可能证明有用的疾病具有重要意义。在神经退行性疾病领域，目前阿尔茨海默病的免疫治疗方法虽然很有前景，但仍存在一些局限性，预计“未来将使用更有效、更复杂的疫苗，如DNA疫苗和重组病毒疫苗”[3]。Ruggiero[1]所描述的程序可以通过提供一种提高DNA疫苗的生物利用度和改善免疫反应的工具，有效地克服目前的局限性，提高DNA疫苗接种在阿尔茨海默病中的疗效。
{"title":"Alzheimer DNA Vaccine and Relativistic Time Dilation","authors":"M. Ruggiero","doi":"10.15406/jnsk.2017.07.00263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jnsk.2017.07.00263","url":null,"abstract":"In a very recent paper published in November 2017 in the peer-reviewed scientific journal Bio Accent Open Access HIV, I describe a novel procedure designed to improve efficacy of DNA vaccines in areas as diverse as Alzheimer’s disease, HIV infection and cancer [1]. This procedure is based on non-covalent binding of highly charged molecules to DNA; positively charged polyL-lysine is first bound to plasmid DNA. This step is followed by binding of negatively charged chondroitin sulfate to the [polyL-lysine/DNA] complex in a very precise ratio. The third step consists in encasing the resulting [chondroitin sulfate/poly-Llysine/DNA] complexes in a shell of phosphatidylcholine with the formation of a structure similar to liposomes or micelles. This structure reminds the physiological assembly of phospholipids and glycosaminoglycans in human plasma as well as the primeval multi-molecular structures responsible for the origin of life on earth [2]. The implications deriving from the development of this procedure are significant for all those diseases where immunotherapy through DNA vaccination may prove useful. In the field of neurodegenerative diseases, current approaches to immunotherapy of Alzheimer’s disease, although promising, still show a number of limitations and it is anticipated that “More effective and sophisticated vaccines such as DNA vaccine and recombinant viral vaccines will be utilized in future” [3]. The procedure described in Ruggiero [1] may effectively overcome current limitations and increase efficacy of DNA vaccination in Alzheimer’s disease by providing a tool that enhances bioavailability of DNA vaccines and improves immune responses.","PeriodicalId":106839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Stroke","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125584765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-21DOI: 10.15406/JNSK.2017.07.00262
Khurram A Siddiqui, R. Radhakrishanan, Ali R Dehdashtian, Irfan Elahi, Shahzad Maqbool
Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com presented as such and was within therapeutic window and was given IV Fibrinolytic therapy as per hospital stroke guideline and within few hours she developed left sided weakness and continued to have neck pain which was thought initially on presentation to be related to possible cervical dissection and her development of new symptoms and signs lead to investigations of the cervical spine that yielded the diagnosis of a extradural spinal mass. This case highlights proper neurologic examination and reexamination of the patient can lead to diagnosis and management.
{"title":"Unusual Stroke Mimic","authors":"Khurram A Siddiqui, R. Radhakrishanan, Ali R Dehdashtian, Irfan Elahi, Shahzad Maqbool","doi":"10.15406/JNSK.2017.07.00262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JNSK.2017.07.00262","url":null,"abstract":"Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com presented as such and was within therapeutic window and was given IV Fibrinolytic therapy as per hospital stroke guideline and within few hours she developed left sided weakness and continued to have neck pain which was thought initially on presentation to be related to possible cervical dissection and her development of new symptoms and signs lead to investigations of the cervical spine that yielded the diagnosis of a extradural spinal mass. This case highlights proper neurologic examination and reexamination of the patient can lead to diagnosis and management.","PeriodicalId":106839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Stroke","volume":"200 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134041551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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