Pub Date : 2010-11-04DOI: 10.1109/SMARTGRID.2010.5622036
A. Senart, S. Kurth, G. Le Roux
Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs) have received much interest in recent years, as concerns about environmental quality, energy security and economic development have risen. Diverse strategies are adopted today by the industry to overcome the new challenges in this emerging market ranging from battery ownership, to charging, to demand response and to billing. However, strategy selection is not well designed and there isn't a clear understanding of strategies' impact on business. To support the critical strategy choices that the PEV industry faces, we present in this paper a framework for their objective assessment against success criteria. We identify and compare several competing strategies that can be adopted by key industry players such as auto and utility industries, as well as new entrants into the market. We then recommend directions industries should take in order to achieve business success.
{"title":"Assessment Framework of Plug-In Electric Vehicles Strategies","authors":"A. Senart, S. Kurth, G. Le Roux","doi":"10.1109/SMARTGRID.2010.5622036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SMARTGRID.2010.5622036","url":null,"abstract":"Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs) have received much interest in recent years, as concerns about environmental quality, energy security and economic development have risen. Diverse strategies are adopted today by the industry to overcome the new challenges in this emerging market ranging from battery ownership, to charging, to demand response and to billing. However, strategy selection is not well designed and there isn't a clear understanding of strategies' impact on business. To support the critical strategy choices that the PEV industry faces, we present in this paper a framework for their objective assessment against success criteria. We identify and compare several competing strategies that can be adopted by key industry players such as auto and utility industries, as well as new entrants into the market. We then recommend directions industries should take in order to achieve business success.","PeriodicalId":106908,"journal":{"name":"2010 First IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127417755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-11-04DOI: 10.1109/SMARTGRID.2010.5622086
Joshua Wong, A. Vargas, K. Chadha, Arjun Devdas, Cheng Lin, Jigdel Kuyee
The smart grid represents a significant transformation of the electric industry, and promises high-valued products and services. However, it is a new paradigm and brings forth significant challenges with new technologies, systems, and processes. This paper presents an overview of Toronto Hydro's approach to smart grid, describing strategic roadmapping, integrated planning and operations, and a four-layer framework for integrated design and implementation. It further discusses Toronto's Smart Community demonstration, as well as strategic considerations to deliver this new and innovative system.
{"title":"Integrated Design and Implementation of Toronto's Smart Distribution Grid","authors":"Joshua Wong, A. Vargas, K. Chadha, Arjun Devdas, Cheng Lin, Jigdel Kuyee","doi":"10.1109/SMARTGRID.2010.5622086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SMARTGRID.2010.5622086","url":null,"abstract":"The smart grid represents a significant transformation of the electric industry, and promises high-valued products and services. However, it is a new paradigm and brings forth significant challenges with new technologies, systems, and processes. This paper presents an overview of Toronto Hydro's approach to smart grid, describing strategic roadmapping, integrated planning and operations, and a four-layer framework for integrated design and implementation. It further discusses Toronto's Smart Community demonstration, as well as strategic considerations to deliver this new and innovative system.","PeriodicalId":106908,"journal":{"name":"2010 First IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121569200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-11-04DOI: 10.1109/SMARTGRID.2010.5622015
Nicola Bressan, Leonardo Bazzaco, N. Bui, P. Casari, L. Vangelista, M. Zorzi
In this paper, we explore the implementation of a smart monitoring system over a wireless sensor network, with particular emphasis on the creation of a solid routing infrastructure through the Routing Protocol for Low- power and lossy networks (RPL), whose definition is currently being discussed within the IETF ROLL working group. Our framework is based on a very lightweight implementation of the REpresentational State Transfer (REST) paradigm by means of a binary web service, and on a publish/subscribe mechanism, whereby every node makes a set of resources (e.g., environmental sensors) available to interested parties. Limited to the effectiveness in creating the routing structure, we provide a performance evaluation of RPL through an experimental campaign, aimed at showing how RPLs key parameters affect the performance of routing in a smart grid scenario.
在本文中，我们探讨了在无线传感器网络上实现智能监控系统，特别强调通过低功耗和损耗网络路由协议(RPL)创建坚实的路由基础设施，其定义目前正在IETF ROLL工作组内讨论。我们的框架是基于一个非常轻量级的REpresentational State Transfer (REST)范例的实现，通过一个二进制web服务，以及一个发布/订阅机制，每个节点向相关方提供一组资源(例如，环境传感器)。限于创建路由结构的有效性，我们通过实验活动提供了RPL的性能评估，旨在展示RPL的关键参数如何影响智能电网场景中的路由性能。
{"title":"The Deployment of a Smart Monitoring System Using Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks","authors":"Nicola Bressan, Leonardo Bazzaco, N. Bui, P. Casari, L. Vangelista, M. Zorzi","doi":"10.1109/SMARTGRID.2010.5622015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SMARTGRID.2010.5622015","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we explore the implementation of a smart monitoring system over a wireless sensor network, with particular emphasis on the creation of a solid routing infrastructure through the Routing Protocol for Low- power and lossy networks (RPL), whose definition is currently being discussed within the IETF ROLL working group. Our framework is based on a very lightweight implementation of the REpresentational State Transfer (REST) paradigm by means of a binary web service, and on a publish/subscribe mechanism, whereby every node makes a set of resources (e.g., environmental sensors) available to interested parties. Limited to the effectiveness in creating the routing structure, we provide a performance evaluation of RPL through an experimental campaign, aimed at showing how RPLs key parameters affect the performance of routing in a smart grid scenario.","PeriodicalId":106908,"journal":{"name":"2010 First IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121569404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-11-04DOI: 10.1109/SMARTGRID.2010.5622054
J. Tripathi, J. de Oliveira, J. Vasseur
In this paper, a performance evaluation of the Routing Protocol for Low power and Lossy Networks (RPL) in a typical outdoor Smart Grid Substation Network is presented. Detailed simulations are carried out to produce several routing performance metrics using real-life scenarios. The real outdoor network was reproduced in simulation with the help of topology and link quality data gathered from the network over the time. Behaviors of such a network in presence of RPL and local repair mechanism, and potential areas of further study/improvement are pointed out. This study shows, RPL has the desired advantages of bounding control overhead and low delay. It also provides quick repair of local outage of link to root node and path quality fairly close to an optimized shortest path for an outdoor deployment.
{"title":"Applicability Study of RPL with Local Repair in Smart Grid Substation Networks","authors":"J. Tripathi, J. de Oliveira, J. Vasseur","doi":"10.1109/SMARTGRID.2010.5622054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SMARTGRID.2010.5622054","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a performance evaluation of the Routing Protocol for Low power and Lossy Networks (RPL) in a typical outdoor Smart Grid Substation Network is presented. Detailed simulations are carried out to produce several routing performance metrics using real-life scenarios. The real outdoor network was reproduced in simulation with the help of topology and link quality data gathered from the network over the time. Behaviors of such a network in presence of RPL and local repair mechanism, and potential areas of further study/improvement are pointed out. This study shows, RPL has the desired advantages of bounding control overhead and low delay. It also provides quick repair of local outage of link to root node and path quality fairly close to an optimized shortest path for an outdoor deployment.","PeriodicalId":106908,"journal":{"name":"2010 First IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124645884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-11-04DOI: 10.1109/SMARTGRID.2010.5622089
Sebnem Rusitschka, Kolja Eger, Christoph Gerdes
This paper presents a model for smart grid data management based on specific characteristics of cloud computing, such as distributed data management for real-time data gathering, parallel processing for real-time information retrieval, and ubiquitous access. The appliance of the cloud computing model meets the requirements of data and computing intensive smart grid applications. We gathered these requirements by analyzing the set of well-known smart grid use cases, most of which demand flexible collaboration across organizational boundaries of network operators and energy service providers as well as the active participation of the end user. Hence, preserving confidentiality and privacy, whilst processing the massive amounts of smart grid data, is of paramount importance in the design of the proposed Smart Grid Data Cloud.
{"title":"Smart Grid Data Cloud: A Model for Utilizing Cloud Computing in the Smart Grid Domain","authors":"Sebnem Rusitschka, Kolja Eger, Christoph Gerdes","doi":"10.1109/SMARTGRID.2010.5622089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SMARTGRID.2010.5622089","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a model for smart grid data management based on specific characteristics of cloud computing, such as distributed data management for real-time data gathering, parallel processing for real-time information retrieval, and ubiquitous access. The appliance of the cloud computing model meets the requirements of data and computing intensive smart grid applications. We gathered these requirements by analyzing the set of well-known smart grid use cases, most of which demand flexible collaboration across organizational boundaries of network operators and energy service providers as well as the active participation of the end user. Hence, preserving confidentiality and privacy, whilst processing the massive amounts of smart grid data, is of paramount importance in the design of the proposed Smart Grid Data Cloud.","PeriodicalId":106908,"journal":{"name":"2010 First IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124696976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-11-04DOI: 10.1109/SMARTGRID.2010.5622039
M. Kallitsis, G. Michailidis, M. Devetsikiotis
In this paper, we propose a framework for coupling the communication network of a smart grid with the power distribution network in an effort to better utilize the scarce energy resources. We believe that an agile, robust and effective communication infrastructure, relying on a service-oriented network paradigm is essential for proper operation of a greener and smarter electricity grid. The communication and power components of the grid should not be studied in isolation and we suggest a model where the communication delays are integrated in an electricity market pricing model such that the power demand affects the allocation of communication resources and vice versa. Power demand could be monitored and predicted via smart meters that would allow a dynamic pricing scheme. This serves as a feedback mechanism towards the consumers which can then reduce their consumption or activate alternative sources of energy to alleviate the local distribution system.
{"title":"A Framework for Optimizing Measurement-Based Power Distribution under Communication Network Constraints","authors":"M. Kallitsis, G. Michailidis, M. Devetsikiotis","doi":"10.1109/SMARTGRID.2010.5622039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SMARTGRID.2010.5622039","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a framework for coupling the communication network of a smart grid with the power distribution network in an effort to better utilize the scarce energy resources. We believe that an agile, robust and effective communication infrastructure, relying on a service-oriented network paradigm is essential for proper operation of a greener and smarter electricity grid. The communication and power components of the grid should not be studied in isolation and we suggest a model where the communication delays are integrated in an electricity market pricing model such that the power demand affects the allocation of communication resources and vice versa. Power demand could be monitored and predicted via smart meters that would allow a dynamic pricing scheme. This serves as a feedback mechanism towards the consumers which can then reduce their consumption or activate alternative sources of energy to alleviate the local distribution system.","PeriodicalId":106908,"journal":{"name":"2010 First IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121098205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-11-04DOI: 10.1109/SMARTGRID.2010.5622026
Ross J. Anderson, Shailendra Fuloria
We're about to acquire a significant new cyber- vulnerability. The world's energy utilities are starting to install hundreds of millions of 'smart meters' which contain a remote off switch. Its main purpose is to ensure that customers who default on their payments can be switched remotely to a prepay tariff; secondary purposes include supporting interruptible tariffs and implementing rolling power cuts at times of supply shortage. The off switch creates information security problems of a kind, and on a scale, that the energy companies have not had to face before. From the viewpoint of a cyber attacker - whether a hostile government agency, a terrorist organisation or even a militant environmental group - the ideal attack on a target country is to interrupt its citizens' electricity supply. This is the cyber equivalent of a nuclear strike; when electricity stops, then pretty soon everything else does too. Until now, the only plausible ways to do that involved attacks on critical generation, transmission and distribution assets, which are increasingly well defended. Smart meters change the game. The combination of commands that will cause meters to interrupt the supply, of applets and software upgrades that run in the meters, and of cryptographic keys that are used to authenticate these commands and software changes, create a new strategic vulnerability, which we discuss in this paper.
{"title":"Who Controls the off Switch?","authors":"Ross J. Anderson, Shailendra Fuloria","doi":"10.1109/SMARTGRID.2010.5622026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SMARTGRID.2010.5622026","url":null,"abstract":"We're about to acquire a significant new cyber- vulnerability. The world's energy utilities are starting to install hundreds of millions of 'smart meters' which contain a remote off switch. Its main purpose is to ensure that customers who default on their payments can be switched remotely to a prepay tariff; secondary purposes include supporting interruptible tariffs and implementing rolling power cuts at times of supply shortage. The off switch creates information security problems of a kind, and on a scale, that the energy companies have not had to face before. From the viewpoint of a cyber attacker - whether a hostile government agency, a terrorist organisation or even a militant environmental group - the ideal attack on a target country is to interrupt its citizens' electricity supply. This is the cyber equivalent of a nuclear strike; when electricity stops, then pretty soon everything else does too. Until now, the only plausible ways to do that involved attacks on critical generation, transmission and distribution assets, which are increasingly well defended. Smart meters change the game. The combination of commands that will cause meters to interrupt the supply, of applets and software upgrades that run in the meters, and of cryptographic keys that are used to authenticate these commands and software changes, create a new strategic vulnerability, which we discuss in this paper.","PeriodicalId":106908,"journal":{"name":"2010 First IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications","volume":"12 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129767694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-11-04DOI: 10.1109/SMARTGRID.2010.5622079
T. Takuno, M. Koyama, T. Hikihara
Renewable, natural, and distributed power sources have been adopted in order to reduce consumption of fossil fuels. These new energy sources have fluctuations in the amount of output power, frequency, and voltage. Similar situation arises at the regulation of power flow in-home. Thus, suppression of the fluctuation is required for avoiding disturbance in power grid. In this paper, two types of in-home power distribution systems are proposed. One is a circuit switching system, and the other is a power packet dispatching system. The experiments show the possibilities of new power management.
{"title":"In-Home Power Distribution Systems by Circuit Switching and Power Packet Dispatching","authors":"T. Takuno, M. Koyama, T. Hikihara","doi":"10.1109/SMARTGRID.2010.5622079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SMARTGRID.2010.5622079","url":null,"abstract":"Renewable, natural, and distributed power sources have been adopted in order to reduce consumption of fossil fuels. These new energy sources have fluctuations in the amount of output power, frequency, and voltage. Similar situation arises at the regulation of power flow in-home. Thus, suppression of the fluctuation is required for avoiding disturbance in power grid. In this paper, two types of in-home power distribution systems are proposed. One is a circuit switching system, and the other is a power packet dispatching system. The experiments show the possibilities of new power management.","PeriodicalId":106908,"journal":{"name":"2010 First IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134074196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-11-04DOI: 10.1109/SMARTGRID.2010.5622000
Brett Kilbourne, K. Bender
Utilities need access to spectrum to meet their communications needs to support smart grid applications and federal public policy should enable utilities to share spectrum with public safety and with federal government users.
{"title":"Spectrum for Smart Grid: Policy Recommendations Enabling Current and Future Applications","authors":"Brett Kilbourne, K. Bender","doi":"10.1109/SMARTGRID.2010.5622000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SMARTGRID.2010.5622000","url":null,"abstract":"Utilities need access to spectrum to meet their communications needs to support smart grid applications and federal public policy should enable utilities to share spectrum with public safety and with federal government users.","PeriodicalId":106908,"journal":{"name":"2010 First IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114430276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-11-04DOI: 10.1109/SMARTGRID.2010.5622040
Florian Dorfler, F. Bullo
This paper considers the synchronization and transient stability analysis in a simple model of a structure-preserving power system. We derive sufficient conditions relating synchronization in a power network directly to the underlying network state, parameters, and topology. In particular, we provide a spectral condition based on the algebraic connectivity of the network and a second condition based on the effective resistance among generators. These conditions build upon the authors' earlier results on synchronization in network-reduced power system models. Central to our analysis is the reduced admittance matrix of the network, which is obtained by a Schur complement of the network's topological admittance matrix with respect to its bus nodes. This network-reduction process, termed Kron reduction, relates the structure-preserving and the network-reduced power system model. We provide a detailed graph-theoretic, algebraic, and spectral analysis of the Kron reduction process leading directly to the novel synchronization conditions.
{"title":"Spectral Analysis of Synchronization in a Lossless Structure-Preserving Power Network Model","authors":"Florian Dorfler, F. Bullo","doi":"10.1109/SMARTGRID.2010.5622040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SMARTGRID.2010.5622040","url":null,"abstract":"This paper considers the synchronization and transient stability analysis in a simple model of a structure-preserving power system. We derive sufficient conditions relating synchronization in a power network directly to the underlying network state, parameters, and topology. In particular, we provide a spectral condition based on the algebraic connectivity of the network and a second condition based on the effective resistance among generators. These conditions build upon the authors' earlier results on synchronization in network-reduced power system models. Central to our analysis is the reduced admittance matrix of the network, which is obtained by a Schur complement of the network's topological admittance matrix with respect to its bus nodes. This network-reduction process, termed Kron reduction, relates the structure-preserving and the network-reduced power system model. We provide a detailed graph-theoretic, algebraic, and spectral analysis of the Kron reduction process leading directly to the novel synchronization conditions.","PeriodicalId":106908,"journal":{"name":"2010 First IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121962699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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