Elnaz Khalilzadeh, Amir Chakhmachi, Zohreh Dehghani
In this paper, the laser pulse evolution arising from the field ionization during the interaction of a long laser pulse with gaseous hydrogen atoms is investigated using the kinetic 1D‐3 V Particle‐In‐Cell (PIC) Smilei simulation code. After performing various simulations, it is shown that the field ionization of hydrogen atoms has a non‐negligible effect on the evolution of the laser pulse compared to the pre‐ionized plasma case. The results of our simulations show that the amount of these evolutions is strongly dependent on the parameters of the laser and initial ionization assumed. In this regard, two main mechanisms are responsible for the changes in the generated radiations and then the evolution of the laser pulse. When the average degree of ionization is weak, the backscattered Raman radiations can provide the necessary conditions for the chaotic behavior to occur and the laser pulse to evolve. When the laser and plasma pulse parameters (such as the laser pulse amplitude, hydrogen atoms density, and the rise time of pulse) are selected so that a strong space charge field is formed, the wave breaking (which happened faster due to density changes during the field ionization) is the main factor for evolutions in the laser pulse.
本文使用动力学 1D-3 V 粒子内胞（PIC）Smilei 仿真代码研究了长激光脉冲与气态氢原子相互作用过程中场电离引起的激光脉冲演变。在进行了各种模拟后，结果表明与电离前等离子体情况相比，氢原子的场电离对激光脉冲的演化有不可忽略的影响。模拟结果表明，这些演变量与激光参数和假定的初始电离有很大关系。在这方面，有两种主要机制导致了所产生辐射的变化以及激光脉冲的演变。当平均电离程度较弱时，后向散射拉曼辐射可为混沌行为的发生和激光脉冲的演变提供必要条件。当激光和等离子体脉冲参数（如激光脉冲振幅、氢原子密度和脉冲上升时间）的选择使空间电荷场形成较强时，波的破碎（由于场电离过程中的密度变化而发生得较快）是激光脉冲演变的主要因素。
{"title":"Role of field ionization in laser pulse evolution during interaction of long laser pulse with gaseous hydrogen atoms","authors":"Elnaz Khalilzadeh, Amir Chakhmachi, Zohreh Dehghani","doi":"10.1002/ctpp.202400022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ctpp.202400022","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the laser pulse evolution arising from the field ionization during the interaction of a long laser pulse with gaseous hydrogen atoms is investigated using the kinetic 1D‐3 V Particle‐In‐Cell (PIC) Smilei simulation code. After performing various simulations, it is shown that the field ionization of hydrogen atoms has a non‐negligible effect on the evolution of the laser pulse compared to the pre‐ionized plasma case. The results of our simulations show that the amount of these evolutions is strongly dependent on the parameters of the laser and initial ionization assumed. In this regard, two main mechanisms are responsible for the changes in the generated radiations and then the evolution of the laser pulse. When the average degree of ionization is weak, the backscattered Raman radiations can provide the necessary conditions for the chaotic behavior to occur and the laser pulse to evolve. When the laser and plasma pulse parameters (such as the laser pulse amplitude, hydrogen atoms density, and the rise time of pulse) are selected so that a strong space charge field is formed, the wave breaking (which happened faster due to density changes during the field ionization) is the main factor for evolutions in the laser pulse.","PeriodicalId":10700,"journal":{"name":"Contributions to Plasma Physics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ion acoustic waves (IAWs) are theoretically researched in a negative ion plasma (NIP) with warm light ions, cold heavy ions, and distributed electrons. The reductive perturbation method (RPM) is used to simplify two‐fluid plasma equations and the relevant ZK equation and solitary solution of IAWs are derived. Small‐k expansion method is applied to obtained the instability growth rate of IAWs. The flatness and tail parameters modify the amplitude, width, soliton energy, and instability growth rate. It is noted that the increscent flatness and tail parameters result in the increasing amplitude, width, and soliton energy. Increasing flatness and tail parameters lead to the decreasing growth rate. These results will be helpful in understanding the plasma dynamics for NIP system containing distributed electrons in Earth's ionosphere.
{"title":"Effect of (r, q) Distribution on Ion Acoustic Waves in a Negative‐Ion Plasma With Application to Earth's Ionosphere","authors":"Zhong‐Zheng Li, Li‐Qiang Xie, Sheng‐De Liang, Dong‐Ning Gao","doi":"10.1002/ctpp.202400074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ctpp.202400074","url":null,"abstract":"Ion acoustic waves (IAWs) are theoretically researched in a negative ion plasma (NIP) with warm light ions, cold heavy ions, and distributed electrons. The reductive perturbation method (RPM) is used to simplify two‐fluid plasma equations and the relevant ZK equation and solitary solution of IAWs are derived. Small‐k expansion method is applied to obtained the instability growth rate of IAWs. The flatness and tail parameters modify the amplitude, width, soliton energy, and instability growth rate. It is noted that the increscent flatness and tail parameters result in the increasing amplitude, width, and soliton energy. Increasing flatness and tail parameters lead to the decreasing growth rate. These results will be helpful in understanding the plasma dynamics for NIP system containing distributed electrons in Earth's ionosphere.","PeriodicalId":10700,"journal":{"name":"Contributions to Plasma Physics","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The OCP plasma model which has been the favourite plasma model of Gabor Kalman is simple but on the other side connected with some principal difficulties, and gave rise to some controversies. We discuss here the three main problems of Coulomb systems, the limit cases of the parameter : and . We show first that Taylor expansions in are in general divergent and have asymptotic character and expansions in are convergent. We study the analytic properties of the partition functions and the thermodynamic functions. Assuming analytizity with respect to the relevant physical parameter for pair interactions we can show that the analyticity with respect to this parameter allows to extend several OCP—properties, except the exchange functions, to many component systems by analytic continuation of the case to . In particular follows that the Taylor coefficients of analytic OCP functions may be extended to any multicomponent Coulomb system. Further, we discuss also the most difficult case and the problem with contributions linear in the interaction, the so‐called Hartree terms.
{"title":"Problems of quantum‐statistical thermodynamics of plasmas: High‐ and low‐temperature limits and analyticity","authors":"Werner Ebeling","doi":"10.1002/ctpp.202400048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ctpp.202400048","url":null,"abstract":"The OCP plasma model which has been the favourite plasma model of Gabor Kalman is simple but on the other side connected with some principal difficulties, and gave rise to some controversies. We discuss here the three main problems of Coulomb systems, the limit cases of the parameter : and . We show first that Taylor expansions in are in general divergent and have asymptotic character and expansions in are convergent. We study the analytic properties of the partition functions and the thermodynamic functions. Assuming analytizity with respect to the relevant physical parameter for pair interactions we can show that the analyticity with respect to this parameter allows to extend several OCP—properties, except the exchange functions, to many component systems by analytic continuation of the case to . In particular follows that the Taylor coefficients of analytic OCP functions may be extended to any multicomponent Coulomb system. Further, we discuss also the most difficult case and the problem with contributions linear in the interaction, the so‐called Hartree terms.","PeriodicalId":10700,"journal":{"name":"Contributions to Plasma Physics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rui Ding, Masahiro Kobayashi, Guoliang Xu, Hai Xie
{"title":"Preface to the Proceedings of 19th International Workshop on Plasma Edge Theory in Fusion Devices. September 18–21, 2023, ASIPP, Hefei, China","authors":"Rui Ding, Masahiro Kobayashi, Guoliang Xu, Hai Xie","doi":"10.1002/ctpp.202400087","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ctpp.202400087","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10700,"journal":{"name":"Contributions to Plasma Physics","volume":"64 7-8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Considerable interest has emerged in atmospheric pressure discharges within the microwave frequency range over the past decade, driven by the growing potential applications such as material processing, CO2 dissociation, waste treatment, hydrogen production, water treatment, and so forth. This review delves into the diverse types of atmospheric pressure plasma jets (APPJs) operated at microwave frequencies. The analysis integrates insights from an overall review that encapsulates the different types of geometry, characterizations, modeling, and various applications of microwave atmospheric plasma jets (MW‐APPJs). This paper will contribute to a comprehensive understanding of microwave plasma generated in the ambient atmosphere. The fundamental insights into these discharges are emerging, but there are still numerous unexplained phenomena in these inherently complex plasmas that need to be studied. The properties of these MW‐APPJs encompass a higher range of electron densities (ne), gas temperatures (Tg), electron temperatures (Te), and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). This review provides an overview of the key underlying processes crucial for generating and stabilizing MW‐APPJs. Additionally, the unique physical and chemical properties of these discharges are summarized. In the initial section, we aim to introduce the primary scientific characterizations of different types of waveguide‐based and non‐waveguide‐based MW‐APPJs. The subsequent part focuses on the diverse modeling approaches for different MW‐APPJs and the outcomes derived from these models. The final section describes the potential applications of MW‐APPJs in various domains.
{"title":"Microwave atmospheric pressure plasma jet: A review","authors":"Suryasunil Rath, Satyananda Kar","doi":"10.1002/ctpp.202400036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ctpp.202400036","url":null,"abstract":"Considerable interest has emerged in atmospheric pressure discharges within the microwave frequency range over the past decade, driven by the growing potential applications such as material processing, CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> dissociation, waste treatment, hydrogen production, water treatment, and so forth. This review delves into the diverse types of atmospheric pressure plasma jets (APPJs) operated at microwave frequencies. The analysis integrates insights from an overall review that encapsulates the different types of geometry, characterizations, modeling, and various applications of microwave atmospheric plasma jets (MW‐APPJs). This paper will contribute to a comprehensive understanding of microwave plasma generated in the ambient atmosphere. The fundamental insights into these discharges are emerging, but there are still numerous unexplained phenomena in these inherently complex plasmas that need to be studied. The properties of these MW‐APPJs encompass a higher range of electron densities (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>e</jats:italic></jats:sub>), gas temperatures (<jats:italic>T</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>g</jats:italic></jats:sub>), electron temperatures (<jats:italic>T</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>e</jats:italic></jats:sub>), and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). This review provides an overview of the key underlying processes crucial for generating and stabilizing MW‐APPJs. Additionally, the unique physical and chemical properties of these discharges are summarized. In the initial section, we aim to introduce the primary scientific characterizations of different types of waveguide‐based and non‐waveguide‐based MW‐APPJs. The subsequent part focuses on the diverse modeling approaches for different MW‐APPJs and the outcomes derived from these models. The final section describes the potential applications of MW‐APPJs in various domains.","PeriodicalId":10700,"journal":{"name":"Contributions to Plasma Physics","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The structure and phase transition of a two‐dimensional dusty plasma, confined by an anisotropic power‐law potential and interacting via a screened Coulomb potential, were investigated using Monte Carlo simulations. The study varied the number of particles (), screening strength (), eccentricity parameter (), and confinement power parameter () to characterize the system's structural properties.
{"title":"Structure and melting of strongly coupled dusty plasma","authors":"Mohamed Issaad","doi":"10.1002/ctpp.202400057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ctpp.202400057","url":null,"abstract":"The structure and phase transition of a two‐dimensional dusty plasma, confined by an anisotropic power‐law potential and interacting via a screened Coulomb potential, were investigated using Monte Carlo simulations. The study varied the number of particles (), screening strength (), eccentricity parameter (), and confinement power parameter () to characterize the system's structural properties.","PeriodicalId":10700,"journal":{"name":"Contributions to Plasma Physics","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xinliang Xu, Zhanhui Wang, Nami Li, Na Wu, Yulin Zhou, Xueke Wu, Cailong Fu
A new integrating model has been developed to couple tokamak edge multiscale magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) events and transport simulations, such as edge-localized mode (ELM) cycles. As a proof of principle, we first start from a set of three-field two-fluid model equations, which includes the pressure, current, and vorticity. The equations are separated into the slowly evolving part of the axisymmetric component by taking a time average of the axisymmetric component. The time-averaged fluxes, which are quadratic in fluctuating quantities, act as driven terms for the time-averaged axisymmetric quantities that determine the plasma transport, and therefore the large-scale evolution of the plasma profiles. Then the HL-2A's ELM cycles are simulated using the model. Good agreements of ELM size and pedestal recovery time have been achieved for the solutions obtained from the coupled simulation compared with experiment. For one ELM cycle simulation, the coupled code can achieve a speedup of a factor of up to 30 over standalone code.
为了将托卡马克边缘多尺度磁流体动力学（MHD）事件和传输模拟（如边缘局部模式（ELM）循环）结合起来，我们开发了一种新的集成模型。作为原理验证，我们首先从一组三场双流体模型方程出发，其中包括压力、电流和涡度。通过取轴对称分量的时间平均值，将方程分离成轴对称分量的缓慢演化部分。时间平均通量是波动量的二次方，它作为时间平均轴对称量的驱动项，决定了等离子体的传输，从而决定了等离子体剖面的大尺度演变。然后利用该模型模拟了 HL-2A 的 ELM 循环。通过耦合模拟得到的解与实验结果相比，在 ELM 尺寸和基座恢复时间方面取得了良好的一致性。在一次 ELM 循环模拟中，耦合代码比独立代码最多可提速 30 倍。
{"title":"HL-2A's ELM cycle simulations by integrating BOUT++'s drift MHD and transport code","authors":"Xinliang Xu, Zhanhui Wang, Nami Li, Na Wu, Yulin Zhou, Xueke Wu, Cailong Fu","doi":"10.1002/ctpp.202300144","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ctpp.202300144","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A new integrating model has been developed to couple tokamak edge multiscale magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) events and transport simulations, such as edge-localized mode (ELM) cycles. As a proof of principle, we first start from a set of three-field two-fluid model equations, which includes the pressure, current, and vorticity. The equations are separated into the slowly evolving part of the axisymmetric component by taking a time average of the axisymmetric component. The time-averaged fluxes, which are quadratic in fluctuating quantities, act as driven terms for the time-averaged axisymmetric quantities that determine the plasma transport, and therefore the large-scale evolution of the plasma profiles. Then the HL-2A's ELM cycles are simulated using the model. Good agreements of ELM size and pedestal recovery time have been achieved for the solutions obtained from the coupled simulation compared with experiment. For one ELM cycle simulation, the coupled code can achieve a speedup of a factor of up to 30 over standalone code.</p>","PeriodicalId":10700,"journal":{"name":"Contributions to Plasma Physics","volume":"64 7-8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The wave‐breaking amplitude of a strong nonlinear plasma wave has been determined in a warm plasma. Pseudopotential technique has been adopted to describe the wave‐breaking phenomena in such plasma. The solution is obtained with the consideration that the phase velocity of the plasma wave is equal to the velocity of light in vacuum. This assumption is justified since the wave which is excited usually by the relativistic charged particle bunches or laser pulses has phase speed very close to the speed of light in vacuum. The investigation shows that the breaking amplitude decreases with the increase of the electron temperature. Furthermore, the wavelength of the plasma wave is seen to decrease as we increase the electron temperature. The obtained results have relevance in the astrophysical situation as well as in the field of plasma based charged particle acceleration process.
{"title":"Effect of temperature on the wave breaking amplitude of nonlinear relativistic strong plasma waves","authors":"Govind Singh Yadav, Mithun Karmakar","doi":"10.1002/ctpp.202400075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ctpp.202400075","url":null,"abstract":"The wave‐breaking amplitude of a strong nonlinear plasma wave has been determined in a warm plasma. Pseudopotential technique has been adopted to describe the wave‐breaking phenomena in such plasma. The solution is obtained with the consideration that the phase velocity of the plasma wave is equal to the velocity of light in vacuum. This assumption is justified since the wave which is excited usually by the relativistic charged particle bunches or laser pulses has phase speed very close to the speed of light in vacuum. The investigation shows that the breaking amplitude decreases with the increase of the electron temperature. Furthermore, the wavelength of the plasma wave is seen to decrease as we increase the electron temperature. The obtained results have relevance in the astrophysical situation as well as in the field of plasma based charged particle acceleration process.","PeriodicalId":10700,"journal":{"name":"Contributions to Plasma Physics","volume":"481 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141886006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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