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Toward plasma drifts in EMC3: Implementation of gradient, divergence, and particle tracing schemes 在 EMC3 中实现等离子体漂移:实施梯度、发散和粒子追踪方案
IF 1.6 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2024-03-08 DOI: 10.1002/ctpp.202300154
Ruben De Wolf, Felix Reimold, Yuhe Feng, Matthieu Jacobs, Wouter Dekeyser, Giovanni Samaey, Martine Baelmans
This paper presents a first implementation of gradient, divergence, and particle tracing schemes for the EMC3 code, a stochastic 3D plasma fluid code widely employed for edge plasma and impurity transport modeling in tokamaks and stellarators. These schemes are essential to accommodate plasma drift computations, which are currently absent in the code. Plasma drifts have been recognized to significantly influence transport of particles and energy, and their inclusion in future code upgrades will substantially enhance the code's predictive capabilities. For gradient and divergence calculations, we introduce a second‐order least‐squares gradient scheme. We confirm the second‐order convergence properties and assess the accuracy of several analytical test cases in the presence of synthetic noise. In the second part of this paper, we employ the validated gradient scheme in a fourth‐order Runge–Kutta particle tracing scheme to trace a particle through a generic drift velocity field. The impact of synthetic noise on the scheme's performance is investigated by evaluating various error metrics. We find that the implemented schemes function as intended and exhibit sufficient accuracy to enable drift computations.
EMC3是一种随机三维等离子体流体代码,广泛用于托卡马克和恒星器中的边缘等离子体和杂质传输建模。这些方案对于适应等离子体漂移计算至关重要,而目前该代码中还没有等离子体漂移计算。等离子体漂移已被认为会对粒子和能量的传输产生重大影响,在未来的代码升级中加入等离子体漂移将大大增强代码的预测能力。对于梯度和发散计算,我们引入了二阶最小二乘梯度方案。我们确认了二阶收敛特性,并评估了几个存在合成噪声的分析测试案例的准确性。在本文的第二部分,我们在四阶 Runge-Kutta 粒子追踪方案中采用了经过验证的梯度方案,以追踪粒子通过一般漂移速度场的情况。通过评估各种误差指标,研究了合成噪声对方案性能的影响。我们发现,所实施的方案能够发挥预期的功能,并表现出足够的精度,可以进行漂移计算。
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引用次数: 0
Ion acceleration from golden mylar film irradiated by visible ns pulsed laser 用可见 ns 脉冲激光辐照金色麦拉薄膜时的离子加速度
IF 1.6 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2024-03-07 DOI: 10.1002/ctpp.202300166
L. Torrisi, L. Silipigni, M. Cutroneo, A. Torrisi
A Pulsed ns laser operating at 532 nm wavelength with 150 mJ pulse energy was employed to irradiate micrometric thick mylar films, from 1 to 100 μm thick, covered by 0.05 μm Au in the back face. Protons and light ions have been accelerated by the electric field developed in the non‐equilibrium plasma by the laser pulse in a vacuum at an intensity of the order of 1010 W/cm2. Time‐of‐flight technique, obtained using a Faraday cup and a fast storage oscilloscope, is employed to measure the ion velocity, energy, and yield emitted in backward and forward directions. The yield of the emitted plasma photons is also evaluated. Two ion collectors are used in opposite directions to measure the plasma radiations emitted in backward and forward directions. Data analysis is based on the Coulomb‐Boltzmann‐shifted (CBS) distribution function. The target ablation yield is evaluated in the order of 3.5 μm per laser shot.
利用波长为 532 nm、脉冲能量为 150 mJ 的脉冲 ns 激光器辐照厚度为 1 至 100 μm 的微米厚的聚酯薄膜,薄膜背面覆盖有 0.05 μm 的金。质子和轻离子在非平衡等离子体中被真空中强度为 1010 W/cm2 的激光脉冲产生的电场加速。利用法拉第杯和快速存储示波器获得的飞行时间技术,可以测量离子的速度、能量以及向前和向后发射的产率。此外,还对发射的等离子光子产量进行了评估。使用两个方向相反的离子收集器来测量前后方向发射的等离子辐射。数据分析基于库仑-波兹曼偏移(CBS)分布函数。每次激光发射的目标烧蚀率约为 3.5 μm。
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引用次数: 0
Self-consistent transport simulation of boron dust particle injection in the peripheral plasma in Large Helical Device 大型螺旋装置外围等离子体中硼尘粒注入的自洽输运模拟
IF 1.6 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.1002/ctpp.202300105
M. Shoji, G. Kawamura, R. Smirnov, Y. Tanaka, S. Masuzaki, F. Nespoli, E. Gilson, R. Lunsford
The trajectories and the ablation positions of boron dust particles dropped from an impurity powder dropper in the peripheral plasma in the Large Helical Device (LHD) were calculated using a three-dimensional edge plasma simulation code (EMC3-EIRENE) and a dust transport simulation code (DUSTT). The simulation shows that the trajectory of the boron dust particles is deflected at the upper divertor leg due to the effect of the hydrogen plasma flow, and the ablation positions of the dust particles in an ergodic layer change toward the outboard side of the torus for higher plasma densities. The effect of the boron ion flow in the divertor leg on the deflection is investigated by coupling the two codes self-consistently. The simulation predicts that the boron ions in the divertor leg, which are produced by sputtering on the divertor plates, which do not affect the change in the ablation positions. It also shows that the ablation positions move toward the inboard side and approach the Last Closed Flux Surface (LCFS) in case of increased boron dust drop rates, which is caused by the lowered plasma flow in the upper divertor leg due to the lowered electron temperature by radiation cooling by the dropped dust particles.
利用三维边缘等离子体模拟代码(EMC3-EIRENE)和尘埃传输模拟代码(DUSTT)计算了大型螺旋装置(LHD)外围等离子体中从杂质粉末滴管滴下的硼尘埃粒子的运动轨迹和烧蚀位置。模拟结果表明,由于氢等离子体流的影响,硼尘埃粒子的轨迹在分流器上部发生偏转,等离子体密度较高时,等离子体层中尘埃粒子的烧蚀位置向环的外侧变化。通过自洽耦合两种代码,研究了硼离子流在分流器支腿中对偏转的影响。模拟预测,硼离子在分流板上溅射产生的硼离子不会影响烧蚀位置的变化。模拟结果还显示,在硼尘下降率增加的情况下,烧蚀位置会向内侧移动,并接近最后封闭通量面(LCFS),这是由于电子温度被下降的尘粒辐射冷却而降低,从而降低了分流器上部的等离子体流量。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of temperature and pressure gradient on power deposition and field pattern in High Magnetic field Helicon eXperiment 温度和压力梯度对高磁场 Helicon 实验中功率沉积和磁场模式的影响
IF 1.6 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.1002/ctpp.202300124
Y. Zhou, T. Y. Huang, X. M. Wu

Based on High Magnetic field Helicon eXperiment, considering the parabolic distribution and Gaussian distribution of radial plasma density, HELIC code was used to study the influence of temperature and pressure gradient on power deposition, electric field, and current density of Helicon Wave Plasma. Three different gradients (positive, negative, and zero gradient) were selected. The results show that positive temperature gradient is beneficial to increase the relative absorption power at the center of plasma. Compared with negative and zero pressure gradients, positive pressure gradient increases the relative absorption power and weakens the current density at the center of plasma, and increases the electric field intensity at the edge of plasma. Larger edge heating will cause the relative absorption power at edge to rise rapidly, which is not conducive to the coupling at the center of plasma. In practical experiments, it is particularly important to reduce the heating effect at edge by cooling the antenna itself. Three different gradients of temperature and pressure have little effect on electric field intensity and current density in plasma, and the variation trend is basically similar, which proves the stability of the antenna mode: m = 1.

在高磁场 Helicon 实验的基础上,考虑到等离子体径向密度的抛物线分布和高斯分布,使用 HELIC 代码研究了温度和压力梯度对 Helicon 波等离子体的功率沉积、电场和电流密度的影响。选择了三种不同的梯度(正梯度、负梯度和零梯度)。结果表明,正温度梯度有利于提高等离子体中心的相对吸收功率。与负梯度和零压力梯度相比,正压力梯度增加了等离子体中心的相对吸收功率,减弱了等离子体中心的电流密度,增加了等离子体边缘的电场强度。较大的边缘加热会导致边缘相对吸收功率迅速上升,不利于等离子体中心的耦合。在实际实验中,通过冷却天线本身来降低边缘的加热效应尤为重要。三种不同的温度和压力梯度对等离子体中的电场强度和电流密度影响不大,且变化趋势基本相似,这证明了天线模式的稳定性:m = 1。
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引用次数: 0
N-convergence in one–component plasma: Comparison of Coulomb, Ewald, and angular–averaged Ewald potentials 单组分等离子体中的N-收敛:库仑势、埃瓦尔德势和角均埃瓦尔德势的比较
IF 1.6 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI: 10.1002/ctpp.202300164
G. S. Demyanov, A. S. Onegin, P. R. Levashov
In this study, we investigate the dependence of potential energy of the one–component plasma on the number of particles with pure Coulomb, Ewald, and angular–averaged Ewald potentials. We show that in the weakly–coupled regime, the Coulomb potential provides a faster convergence of the energy to the thermodynamic limit. However, in the medium- and, especially, strong-coupling regime, the Ewald potential shows significantly better convergence. Thus, the criticism of the Ewald potential in [Fraser et al. Phys. Rev. B 53, 1814 (1996)] within classical simulations turns out to be unjustified in this case: the accounting for long-range interaction effects greatly improves the -convergence of one–component plasma thermodynamic functions.
在这项研究中,我们用纯库仑势、埃瓦尔德势和角平均埃瓦尔德势研究了单组分等离子体的势能与粒子数量的关系。我们发现,在弱耦合机制下,库仑势能能更快地收敛到热力学极限。然而,在中等耦合,尤其是强耦合条件下,埃瓦尔德势的收敛性要好得多。因此,[Fraser 等人,Phys. Rev. B 53, 1814 (1996)]在经典模拟中对 Ewald 势的批评在这种情况下是没有道理的:考虑长程相互作用效应大大提高了单组分等离子体热力学函数的 N$$ N$ 收敛性。
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引用次数: 0
Self-organization of plasma edge turbulence in interaction with recycling neutrals 等离子体边缘湍流与循环中性物质相互作用的自组织过程
IF 1.6 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2024-02-26 DOI: 10.1002/ctpp.202300146
V. Quadri, P. Tamain, Y. Marandet, H. Bufferand, N. Rivals, G. Ciraolo, G. Falchetto, R. Düll, H. Yang
Experimental results from several tokamaks suggest a strong impact of divertor density regimes on turbulent transport in the edge plasma. Reciprocally, the change in transverse transport and SOL width affects the access to density regimes, making it a fundamental topic for heat exhaust issue. Such phenomenology is highly nonlinear and can only be approached quantitatively using numerical simulations treating turbulence and neutrals recycling physics self-consistently. In this study, the SOLEDGE3X edge multi-fluid code is used to investigate the mutual interaction between edge plasma turbulence and neutrals recycling. A fluid neutrals model based on the assumption of a charge-exchange-dominated plasma-neutral interaction has been implemented. Two simulations in circular geometry are compared: one without neutrals, where the particle flux is driven by a constant in flux from the core region, and the other one with neutrals recycling included in which the particle input to the system is self-consistently injected by a gas puff from the midplane. The presence of the neutrals triggers three types of perturbations on the plasma: a local and non-axisymmetric one driven by the gas puff, a global perturbation affecting both profiles and turbulence properties in the whole domain, and a local one in the vicinity of the limiter where recycling occurs. The largest effect of the inclusion of self-consistent neutrals recycling is a large-scale reorganization of the plasma profiles and turbulence properties due to the dissociation of particle and energy fluxes. These effects are expected to be more important at higher densities regimes or in diverted configuration.
几个托卡马克反应堆的实验结果表明,分流器密度制度对边缘等离子体的湍流输运有很大影响。反过来,横向传输和 SOL 宽度的变化也会影响到密度状态的进入,从而使其成为排热问题的一个基本主题。这种现象学是高度非线性的,只能通过自洽地处理湍流和中性回收物理的数值模拟来进行定量研究。本研究使用 SOLEDGE3X 边缘多流体代码来研究边缘等离子体湍流和中子回收之间的相互作用。基于电荷交换主导等离子体与中性相互作用的假设,实现了流体中性模型。比较了两种圆形几何模拟:一种不含中性粒子,粒子通量由来自核心区域的恒定通量驱动;另一种包含中性粒子循环,粒子输入系统的粒子由来自中平面的气体脉冲自洽注入。中性粒子的存在会对等离子体产生三种扰动:由气体脉冲驱动的局部非轴对称扰动、影响整个域的剖面和湍流特性的全局扰动,以及发生回收的限幅器附近的局部扰动。加入自洽中性再循环的最大影响是由于粒子和能量通量的解离而导致等离子体剖面和湍流特性的大规模重组。预计这些影响在密度较高的情况下或在分流配置中更为重要。
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引用次数: 0
Numerical study on dust particle charging and dynamics in continuous and pulsed radio frequency argon discharges 连续和脉冲射频氩放电中尘埃粒子充电和动力学的数值研究
IF 1.6 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2024-02-25 DOI: 10.1002/ctpp.202300176
Abdelhak Missaoui, Morad El kaouini, Hassan Chatei
Charging and dynamics of a spherical dust grain injected into a continuous and pulsed radio frequency (RF) discharge have been studied using a one-dimensional fluid model. First, the plasma characteristics of the two types of discharges are computed and compared. In the pulsed discharge, it is found that the central electron density exhibits a periodic variation while the averaged electron density is lower compared to that in the continuous discharge due to the decrease in the total ionization rate. Further, the dust charge is computed using the plasma characteristics. It is found that the dust charge negatively increases as the duty cycle ratio increases. Also, the charge in the pulsed discharge is lower in comparison to the continuous discharge due to the shorter duration of the pulsed RF discharge limiting the amount of energy transferred to electrons. On the other hand, the dust particle remains in the powered sheath region exhibiting a damped oscillation in the two discharges with higher oscillation frequency in the continuous discharge.
我们利用一维流体模型对注入连续和脉冲射频(RF)放电的球形尘粒的充电和动力学进行了研究。首先,计算并比较了两种放电的等离子体特性。研究发现,在脉冲放电中,中心电子密度呈现周期性变化,而由于总电离率下降,平均电子密度低于连续放电。此外,还利用等离子体特性计算了尘埃电荷。结果发现,随着占空比的增加,尘埃电荷呈负增长。此外,由于脉冲射频放电的持续时间较短,限制了传输给电子的能量,因此脉冲放电中的电荷量低于连续放电。另一方面,尘埃粒子在两次放电中都保持在供电鞘区内,表现出阻尼振荡,而在连续放电中振荡频率较高。
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引用次数: 0
Simulation study of the influence of the cross-field anomalous diffusion on the tungsten impurity transport in the scrape-off layer with activated drifts 跨场反常扩散对带有活化漂移的刮除层中钨杂质迁移影响的模拟研究
IF 1.6 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2024-02-20 DOI: 10.1002/ctpp.202300130
Jin Guo, Yuchen Xu, Shifeng Mao, Guoliang Xu, Minyou Ye
Tungsten (W) impurity eroded from the divertor target can degrade the confinement performance of future fusion reactors. The mechanism of the effect of E × B drift on the W transport in the scrape-off layer (SOL) was investigated with a fixed cross-field anomalous particle diffusion coefficient for W ions (D⊥,W) of 1 m2s−1 in our previous simulation work, which indicates that the W flux entering the confined region (Γenter) and mean W concentration in the confined region (
掺杂钨(W)杂质从掺杂靶侵蚀出来会降低未来聚变反应堆的约束性能。在我们之前的模拟工作中,当 W 离子的横场反常粒子扩散系数(D⊥,W)固定为 1 m2s-1 时,我们研究了 E × B 漂移对 W 在刮离层(SOL)中传输的影响机制、这表明,漂移会使进入约束区域的 W 通量(Γenter)和约束区域的平均 W 浓度(CWavg$$ {C}_{mathrm{W}}^{mathrm{avg}} $$)增加一个数量级以上。在这项工作中,我们进一步研究了跨场反常扩散对 W 在 SOL 中传输的影响。当 D⊥,W 变化范围为 0.5 至 3 m2s-1 时,W 离子通量(ΓW)保持基本流动模式,而Γenter 主要来自较热的分流区。结果表明,D⊥,W 值会影响 W 从分流区的泄漏和进入封闭区。因此,Γenter 和 CWavg$$ {C}_{mathrm{W}}^{mathrm{avg}} 都会随着 D⊥ 的增大而减小。$$ 都会随着 D⊥,W 的增大而减小。比较了两种漂移情况的机理。
{"title":"Simulation study of the influence of the cross-field anomalous diffusion on the tungsten impurity transport in the scrape-off layer with activated drifts","authors":"Jin Guo, Yuchen Xu, Shifeng Mao, Guoliang Xu, Minyou Ye","doi":"10.1002/ctpp.202300130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ctpp.202300130","url":null,"abstract":"Tungsten (W) impurity eroded from the divertor target can degrade the confinement performance of future fusion reactors. The mechanism of the effect of <i>E</i> × <i>B</i> drift on the W transport in the scrape-off layer (SOL) was investigated with a fixed cross-field anomalous particle diffusion coefficient for W ions (<i>D</i><sub>⊥,W</sub>) of 1 m<sup>2</sup>s<sup>−1</sup> in our previous simulation work, which indicates that the W flux entering the confined region (<i>Γ</i><sub>enter</sub>) and mean W concentration in the confined region (<mjx-container aria-label=\"upper C Subscript normal upper W Superscript a v g\" ctxtmenu_counter=\"0\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" role=\"application\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 103%; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math aria-hidden=\"true\"><mjx-semantics><mjx-mrow><mjx-msubsup data-semantic-children=\"0,1,2\" data-semantic-collapsed=\"(4 (3 0 1) 2)\" data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-speech=\"upper C Subscript normal upper W Superscript a v g\" data-semantic-type=\"subsup\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"4\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-script style=\"vertical-align: -0.309em; margin-left: -0.045em;\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"4\" data-semantic-role=\"unknown\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\" size=\"s\" style=\"margin-left: 0.138em;\"><mjx-c></mjx-c><mjx-c></mjx-c><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-spacer style=\"margin-top: 0.18em;\"></mjx-spacer><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"4\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\" size=\"s\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-script></mjx-msubsup></mjx-mrow></mjx-semantics></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml aria-hidden=\"true\" display=\"inline\" unselectable=\"on\"><math altimg=\"/cms/asset/fbd033f7-9ccd-46b3-8538-6a67d8c5f73f/ctpp202300130-math-0001.png\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><semantics><mrow><msubsup data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-children=\"0,1,2\" data-semantic-collapsed=\"(4 (3 0 1) 2)\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-speech=\"upper C Subscript normal upper W Superscript a v g\" data-semantic-type=\"subsup\"><mi data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic-parent=\"4\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\">C</mi><mi data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic-parent=\"4\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\" mathvariant=\"normal\">W</mi><mi data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic-parent=\"4\" data-semantic-role=\"unknown\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\" mathvariant=\"normal\">avg</mi></msubsup></mrow>$$ {C}_{mathrm{W}}^{mathrm{avg}} $$</annotation","PeriodicalId":10700,"journal":{"name":"Contributions to Plasma Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139924671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Introducing electromagnetic effects in Soledge3X 在 Soledge3X 中引入电磁效应
IF 1.6 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2024-02-20 DOI: 10.1002/ctpp.202300147
Raffael Düll, Hugo Bufferand, Eric Serre, Guido Ciraolo, Virginia Quadri, Nicolas Rivals, Patrick Tamain
In the pedestal region, electromagnetic effects affect the evolution of micro-instabilities and plasma turbulence. The transport code Soledge3X developed by the CEA offers an efficient framework for turbulent 3D simulation on an electrostatic model with a fixed magnetic field. The physical accuracy of the model is improved with electromagnetic induction, driven by the local value of the parallel component of the electromagnetic vector potential , known from Ampère's law. It is solved implicitly in a coupled system with the vorticity equation on the electric potential