J. N. Idenyi, O. Edeogu, C. Afiukwa, E. Ugwuja, C. Aloke, N. Nwachukwu
The antioxidant effects of diet formulated from five leafy vegetables: Vitex doniana (Uchakiri), Ceiba pentandra (Akpuota), Ficus ottoniifolia (Ogbu), Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides (Uko) and Sesamum alatum (Oboroto), commonly available and extensively consumed in the rural areas of Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria, were studied using albino rats. A total of 84 rats (mean weight = 133.22 ± 0.33k g) assigned into seven groups of 12 rats per group were investigated. While group I was normal, groups II – VII were made diabetic by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (200 mg/Kg body weight). Groups III-VII were administered graded concentrations (10 %, 15 % and 20 % w/w) of feed/powdered leaves mixture of the respective vegetables, while groups I & II served as non-diabetic and diabetic controls respectively and received normal rat feed. Feeding of the animals was done for twenty one days (21), after which the serum levels of malonylaldehyde (MDA), vitamin C, and total antioxidant activities (TAA) were determined using standard laboratory methods. The result showed that MDA levels were significantly (p< 0.05) lower in all the groups treated with the experimental diets, while vitamin C and antioxidant activities were significantly higher when compared with the diabetic controls. Ceiba pentandra and S. alatum showed the highest and lowest antioxidant activities, respectively. The results suggest appreciable antioxidant potentials of the vegetables, which could be of importance in the management of oxidative stress in diabetic condition.
{"title":"Antioxidant Activity of Diet Formulated from Selected Leafy Vegetables Commonly Available and Consumed in Abakaliki, Nigeria.","authors":"J. N. Idenyi, O. Edeogu, C. Afiukwa, E. Ugwuja, C. Aloke, N. Nwachukwu","doi":"10.5580/f9a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/f9a","url":null,"abstract":"The antioxidant effects of diet formulated from five leafy vegetables: Vitex doniana (Uchakiri), Ceiba pentandra (Akpuota), Ficus ottoniifolia (Ogbu), Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides (Uko) and Sesamum alatum (Oboroto), commonly available and extensively consumed in the rural areas of Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria, were studied using albino rats. A total of 84 rats (mean weight = 133.22 ± 0.33k g) assigned into seven groups of 12 rats per group were investigated. While group I was normal, groups II – VII were made diabetic by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (200 mg/Kg body weight). Groups III-VII were administered graded concentrations (10 %, 15 % and 20 % w/w) of feed/powdered leaves mixture of the respective vegetables, while groups I & II served as non-diabetic and diabetic controls respectively and received normal rat feed. Feeding of the animals was done for twenty one days (21), after which the serum levels of malonylaldehyde (MDA), vitamin C, and total antioxidant activities (TAA) were determined using standard laboratory methods. The result showed that MDA levels were significantly (p< 0.05) lower in all the groups treated with the experimental diets, while vitamin C and antioxidant activities were significantly higher when compared with the diabetic controls. Ceiba pentandra and S. alatum showed the highest and lowest antioxidant activities, respectively. The results suggest appreciable antioxidant potentials of the vegetables, which could be of importance in the management of oxidative stress in diabetic condition.","PeriodicalId":107168,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Alternative Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130950309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The research on medicinal plants is gradually gaining popularity due to millions of people depending on the use of different parts of these materials for various ailments.The antibacterial activity of hot and cold water and ethanolic extracts of the root, stem and leaf of Parkia clappertonia against Escherichia coli ATCC 11775, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC10145, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 12600 was evaluated using agar-well diffusion and agar dilution methods. All the organisms were susceptible to all the extracts with the diameter of zones of inhibition ranging between 14 mm – 27 mm for hot water extracts, 12 mm – 22 mm for cold water extracts and 12 mm – 25 mm for ethanolic extracts. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations ranged between 2.5 mg/ml – 20.0 mg/ml. The rate of kill of the test bacterial species by hot water extract was concentration dependent. Saponin, flavonoids, tannin, glycoside, alkaloid and anthraquinone were the phytochemical constituents detected from the Parkia clapatoniana root, stem and leaf extracts. The implications of these findings in the medicinal use of Parkia clapertoniana are discussed.
由于数以百万计的人依赖于使用这些材料的不同部分来治疗各种疾病，药用植物的研究正逐渐受到欢迎。采用琼脂孔扩散法和琼脂稀释法，比较热、冷水和根、茎、叶乙醇提取物对大肠埃希菌ATCC 11775、铜绿假单胞菌ATCC10145、金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC 12600的抑菌活性。所有生物对所有提取物均敏感，其抑制区直径为热水提取物14 mm ~ 27 mm，冷水提取物12 mm ~ 22 mm，乙醇提取物12 mm ~ 25 mm。最小抑制浓度范围为2.5 mg/ml - 20.0 mg/ml。热水浸提液对试验菌种的杀灭率呈浓度依赖性。从白头翁根、茎、叶提取物中检出皂苷、黄酮类、单宁、苷、生物碱和蒽醌等植物化学成分。本文讨论了这些发现在药用上的意义。
{"title":"Comparative Antibacterial Studies On The Root, Stem Bark And Leaf Extracts Of Parkia Clappertoniana.","authors":"G. Adeshina, Om Onujagbe, J. Onaolapo","doi":"10.5580/298a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/298a","url":null,"abstract":"The research on medicinal plants is gradually gaining popularity due to millions of people depending on the use of different parts of these materials for various ailments.The antibacterial activity of hot and cold water and ethanolic extracts of the root, stem and leaf of Parkia clappertonia against Escherichia coli ATCC 11775, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC10145, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 12600 was evaluated using agar-well diffusion and agar dilution methods. All the organisms were susceptible to all the extracts with the diameter of zones of inhibition ranging between 14 mm – 27 mm for hot water extracts, 12 mm – 22 mm for cold water extracts and 12 mm – 25 mm for ethanolic extracts. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations ranged between 2.5 mg/ml – 20.0 mg/ml. The rate of kill of the test bacterial species by hot water extract was concentration dependent. Saponin, flavonoids, tannin, glycoside, alkaloid and anthraquinone were the phytochemical constituents detected from the Parkia clapatoniana root, stem and leaf extracts. The implications of these findings in the medicinal use of Parkia clapertoniana are discussed.","PeriodicalId":107168,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Alternative Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115288591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chronic hepatitis C is a major cause of chronic liver disease globally, and the natural history of progression may lead to cirrhosis with liver failure, hepatocellular carcinoma, and premature liver-related death. We present the case of a 24-year-old Asian man with chronic hepatitis C virus infection 1 genotype treated by ribavirin placed into the field formed by low level laser radiation and transmitted through the light-guide. The administrated therapy resulted in stabilization of the pathological processes accompanied by the normalization of serum alanine-aminotransaminase and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels, improvement of patient’s condition and his quality of life. No side effects in applying the aforementioned method were observed.
{"title":"Normalization Of Liver Enzyme Levels In A Patient With Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection Treated By Ribavirin Placed Into The Field Of Unusual Properties Of Low Level Laser Radiation: Case Report And Review Of Literature.","authors":"N. Djumaeva, E. Musabaev, T. Metskan","doi":"10.5580/2b47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/2b47","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic hepatitis C is a major cause of chronic liver disease globally, and the natural history of progression may lead to cirrhosis with liver failure, hepatocellular carcinoma, and premature liver-related death. We present the case of a 24-year-old Asian man with chronic hepatitis C virus infection 1 genotype treated by ribavirin placed into the field formed by low level laser radiation and transmitted through the light-guide. The administrated therapy resulted in stabilization of the pathological processes accompanied by the normalization of serum alanine-aminotransaminase and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels, improvement of patient’s condition and his quality of life. No side effects in applying the aforementioned method were observed.","PeriodicalId":107168,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Alternative Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116277437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I.Chidi Nosiri, I. Abdu-Aguye, M. Hussaini, E. Abdurahaman
The diuretic effect of the ethanol extract of the leaves of Irvingia gabonensis was assessed in adult wistar rats. Five groups of five adult wistar rats each were used for the study. Ethanol extract of Irvingia gabonensis was administered orally to the first and second groups of rats at doses of 50 and 100mg/kg respectively. The third and fourth groups were given Frusemide (5mg/kg) and Acetazolamide (5mg/kg) while the last group was used as positive control in the study. The parameters used to evaluate the diuretic effect of the different doses of the extract were cumulative urine volume, electrolyte changes and pH. The cumulative urine output was monitored at 3hrly intervals for 24hrs.The diuretic effect was compared with the control, acetazolamide (5mg/kg) and frusemide (5mg/kg). The extract (50 and 100mg/kg) produced a time related increase in urine output. The electrolyte excretion was also affected by the different doses of the extract especially the HCO3 ions. The 50 mg/kg extract produced an increase (P< 0.03) in Cl excretion compared with the control likewise the 100 mg/kg with a significant (P<0.001) increase in Cl excretion. Comparing the urinary excretion of electrolytes produced by the extract with acetazolamide, similar diuretic profile was observed like the pH and the increased excretion of HCO3 . Frusemide, a high ceiling diuretic had no effect on HCO3 , had a different pH but enhanced the urinary excretion of Na, K and Cl. These results suggest that the active ingredient(s) in the ethanol extract of Irvingia gabonensis induces diuretic response comparable to that produced by acetazolamide.
{"title":"Leaf Extracts Of Irvingia Gabonensis Increase Urine Output And Electrolytes In Rats","authors":"I.Chidi Nosiri, I. Abdu-Aguye, M. Hussaini, E. Abdurahaman","doi":"10.5580/223b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/223b","url":null,"abstract":"The diuretic effect of the ethanol extract of the leaves of Irvingia gabonensis was assessed in adult wistar rats. Five groups of five adult wistar rats each were used for the study. Ethanol extract of Irvingia gabonensis was administered orally to the first and second groups of rats at doses of 50 and 100mg/kg respectively. The third and fourth groups were given Frusemide (5mg/kg) and Acetazolamide (5mg/kg) while the last group was used as positive control in the study. The parameters used to evaluate the diuretic effect of the different doses of the extract were cumulative urine volume, electrolyte changes and pH. The cumulative urine output was monitored at 3hrly intervals for 24hrs.The diuretic effect was compared with the control, acetazolamide (5mg/kg) and frusemide (5mg/kg). The extract (50 and 100mg/kg) produced a time related increase in urine output. The electrolyte excretion was also affected by the different doses of the extract especially the HCO3 ions. The 50 mg/kg extract produced an increase (P< 0.03) in Cl excretion compared with the control likewise the 100 mg/kg with a significant (P<0.001) increase in Cl excretion. Comparing the urinary excretion of electrolytes produced by the extract with acetazolamide, similar diuretic profile was observed like the pH and the increased excretion of HCO3 . Frusemide, a high ceiling diuretic had no effect on HCO3 , had a different pH but enhanced the urinary excretion of Na, K and Cl. These results suggest that the active ingredient(s) in the ethanol extract of Irvingia gabonensis induces diuretic response comparable to that produced by acetazolamide.","PeriodicalId":107168,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Alternative Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116393794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To study the effects of ethanolic extracts of Vernonia amygdalina and Ocimum gratissimum on the testes of diabetic rats, forty male rats were used. Group A consisted of eight (8) rats which served as nondiabetic control. The remaining rats were injected intraperitoneally with streptozotocin to induce diabetes. The rats confirmed diabetic were randomly divided into four experimental groups (B, C, D and E) made up of eight rats each. Group B served as the diabetic control and were given normal saline. Groups C, D and E received 200mg/kg body weights of Vernonia amygdalina (VA), Ocimum gratissimum (OC) and a combination of VA and OC respectively. This investigation lasted for 28 days. Results revealed normal testicular architecture in the normal control. Diabetic control exhibited alteration of germinal epithelium, distortion of seminiferous tubules as well as vacuolation of seminiferous tubules. The effects of the extracts on diabetic rats’ testes showed improvements compared to the diabetic control group. These improvements were more pronounced in the group D rats which received OC than in group C treated with VA. A more appreciable testicular improvement was observed in group E treated with combination of the extracts of VA and OC. We therefore conclude that the use of the extracts of these plants should be used in combination as they exert a better improvement to combat the adverse effects of diabetes on the testes of male rats.
{"title":"Ethanolic Extracts Of Vernonia Amygdalina And Ocimum Gratissimum Enhance Testicular Improvement In Diabetic Wistar Rats","authors":"O. R. Asuquo, A. Edet, O. Mesembe, J. I. Atanghwo","doi":"10.5580/89d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/89d","url":null,"abstract":"To study the effects of ethanolic extracts of Vernonia amygdalina and Ocimum gratissimum on the testes of diabetic rats, forty male rats were used. Group A consisted of eight (8) rats which served as nondiabetic control. The remaining rats were injected intraperitoneally with streptozotocin to induce diabetes. The rats confirmed diabetic were randomly divided into four experimental groups (B, C, D and E) made up of eight rats each. Group B served as the diabetic control and were given normal saline. Groups C, D and E received 200mg/kg body weights of Vernonia amygdalina (VA), Ocimum gratissimum (OC) and a combination of VA and OC respectively. This investigation lasted for 28 days. Results revealed normal testicular architecture in the normal control. Diabetic control exhibited alteration of germinal epithelium, distortion of seminiferous tubules as well as vacuolation of seminiferous tubules. The effects of the extracts on diabetic rats’ testes showed improvements compared to the diabetic control group. These improvements were more pronounced in the group D rats which received OC than in group C treated with VA. A more appreciable testicular improvement was observed in group E treated with combination of the extracts of VA and OC. We therefore conclude that the use of the extracts of these plants should be used in combination as they exert a better improvement to combat the adverse effects of diabetes on the testes of male rats.","PeriodicalId":107168,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Alternative Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128158876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effects of ethanol and water extracts of the leaves of Irvingia gabonensis on isolated non-pregnant rat uterus and Ileum have been investigated. The isolated uterine horns and Ileum each were mounted into organ baths containing different physiological solution connected to a recording microdynamometer to measure the contractions. The standard drugs Acetylcholine (Ach), Atropine, pirenzepine and verapamil and the extracts were injected into the organ bath to study their pharmacological effects on the uterine smooth muscles. Ethanol extract (25 400μg/ml) contracted the rat uterus while the water extract (0.025 – 20mg/ml ) had no effect. Both extracts had no observable contractile effect on rat ileum. The ethanol extract was less potent than acetylcholine in contracting the tissue. The response of the uterus to the ethanol extract was reduced by atropine (14nM ); Pirenzepine (0.1μM) and completely blocked by Verapamil ( 0.1μM ).This result indicates that the ethanol extract of Irvingia gabonensis may produce a ca++ dependent muscarinic receptor – mediated contraction (extracellular calcium dependent ) of the non pregnant rat uterus.
{"title":"Effect Of Irvingia Gabonensis Leaf Extracts On Non Pregnant Rat Uterus","authors":"C. Nosiri, I. Hussaini, I. Abdu-Aguye","doi":"10.5580/828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/828","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of ethanol and water extracts of the leaves of Irvingia gabonensis on isolated non-pregnant rat uterus and Ileum have been investigated. The isolated uterine horns and Ileum each were mounted into organ baths containing different physiological solution connected to a recording microdynamometer to measure the contractions. The standard drugs Acetylcholine (Ach), Atropine, pirenzepine and verapamil and the extracts were injected into the organ bath to study their pharmacological effects on the uterine smooth muscles. Ethanol extract (25 400μg/ml) contracted the rat uterus while the water extract (0.025 – 20mg/ml ) had no effect. Both extracts had no observable contractile effect on rat ileum. The ethanol extract was less potent than acetylcholine in contracting the tissue. The response of the uterus to the ethanol extract was reduced by atropine (14nM ); Pirenzepine (0.1μM) and completely blocked by Verapamil ( 0.1μM ).This result indicates that the ethanol extract of Irvingia gabonensis may produce a ca++ dependent muscarinic receptor – mediated contraction (extracellular calcium dependent ) of the non pregnant rat uterus.","PeriodicalId":107168,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Alternative Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128968312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The antiemetic effect of ethanol extract of the seed and seed skin of Garcinia kola in young chicks was investigated. Preparation of the seed of Garcinia kola is used in African traditional medicine in treatment of cough and emesis.Standard methods were used for the phytochemical screening of the extracts. Copper sulphate (50 mg/kg) was used to induce emesis in chicks divided into six groups of five chicks each. Different doses of the extracts were tested for their antiemetic properties. These were compared with the effect of a positive control antiemetic drug (Metoclopromide 2mg/kg) and a negative control (normal saline) against copper sulphate induced emesis.The phytochemical screening showed that both the seed and seed skin extracts contained saponins, alkaloids and flavonoids. Emesis was induced by copper sulphate (50mg/kg). The seed extract at 50 and 150 mg/kg produced a percentage inhibition by 71.70 and 75.47% respectively while the seed bark extract at 50 and 150 mg/kg produced a percentage inhibition by 47.16 and 62.27% respectively. Extracts at 50 and 150mg/kg showed a decrease in copper sulphate induced emesis in a dose dependent manner. These results suggest that the ethanol extract of the seed of Garcinia kola and its seed skin have antiemetic properties which provide for the first time the rationale for its use in African traditional medicine in the management of emesis.
{"title":"Preliminary Study of the Antiemetic Effect of Garcinia Kola Seed Extract in Young Chicks","authors":"C. Nosiri, B. Alewu, Gambo Abba","doi":"10.5580/204c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/204c","url":null,"abstract":"The antiemetic effect of ethanol extract of the seed and seed skin of Garcinia kola in young chicks was investigated. Preparation of the seed of Garcinia kola is used in African traditional medicine in treatment of cough and emesis.Standard methods were used for the phytochemical screening of the extracts. Copper sulphate (50 mg/kg) was used to induce emesis in chicks divided into six groups of five chicks each. Different doses of the extracts were tested for their antiemetic properties. These were compared with the effect of a positive control antiemetic drug (Metoclopromide 2mg/kg) and a negative control (normal saline) against copper sulphate induced emesis.The phytochemical screening showed that both the seed and seed skin extracts contained saponins, alkaloids and flavonoids. Emesis was induced by copper sulphate (50mg/kg). The seed extract at 50 and 150 mg/kg produced a percentage inhibition by 71.70 and 75.47% respectively while the seed bark extract at 50 and 150 mg/kg produced a percentage inhibition by 47.16 and 62.27% respectively. Extracts at 50 and 150mg/kg showed a decrease in copper sulphate induced emesis in a dose dependent manner. These results suggest that the ethanol extract of the seed of Garcinia kola and its seed skin have antiemetic properties which provide for the first time the rationale for its use in African traditional medicine in the management of emesis.","PeriodicalId":107168,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Alternative Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131711490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Bassey, Aquaisua Aquaisua, I. Edagha, Aniekan I. Peters, Enobong I. Bassey
Objective: Modern day healthcare has greatly evolved following advances in technology and medical research. But despite the availability of these services, traditional bone setting has continued as a most sought after ‘alternative’ health service, especially in developing countries.This study therefore was carried out to investigate the practice of traditional bone setting in the Southsouth region of Nigeria. Design: Some popular traditional bone setters (TBS) were interviewed using a questionnaire designed to evaluate information such as the age, level of education, years of experience, mode of acquisition of skills, types of fractures treated, method of fracture treatment, types of complications and number of death recorded, class of people who come for treatment, mode of referrals to and from hospitals, assistance needed to improve their practice and ways to improve cooperation between TBS and orthodox practitioners. Result: The practice of TBS in Southern Nigeria seems have evolved and the TBS are inculcating modern methods into their practice.Conclusion: Revitalising the existing precious science of traditional bone setting would be a cost-effective alternative for the costly "state of the art" techniques of surgical reduction, heavy Plaster of Paris plasters and long periods of immobilisation.
{"title":"The Practice Of Traditional Bone Setting In The South- South Region Of Nigeria","authors":"R. Bassey, Aquaisua Aquaisua, I. Edagha, Aniekan I. Peters, Enobong I. Bassey","doi":"10.5580/566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/566","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Modern day healthcare has greatly evolved following advances in technology and medical research. But despite the availability of these services, traditional bone setting has continued as a most sought after ‘alternative’ health service, especially in developing countries.This study therefore was carried out to investigate the practice of traditional bone setting in the Southsouth region of Nigeria. Design: Some popular traditional bone setters (TBS) were interviewed using a questionnaire designed to evaluate information such as the age, level of education, years of experience, mode of acquisition of skills, types of fractures treated, method of fracture treatment, types of complications and number of death recorded, class of people who come for treatment, mode of referrals to and from hospitals, assistance needed to improve their practice and ways to improve cooperation between TBS and orthodox practitioners. Result: The practice of TBS in Southern Nigeria seems have evolved and the TBS are inculcating modern methods into their practice.Conclusion: Revitalising the existing precious science of traditional bone setting would be a cost-effective alternative for the costly \"state of the art\" techniques of surgical reduction, heavy Plaster of Paris plasters and long periods of immobilisation.","PeriodicalId":107168,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Alternative Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125834159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia) is commonly known as rasayana plant and its rejuvenating property is well reported in Ayurvedic and other ancient literature. It is a fairly common plant of the dry deciduous forests growing over hedges and small trees. Various parts of the plant are being prescribed in Ayurveda and other systems of medicine as a monoherbal or polyherbal preparation. In India, various extracts of the plant are used as a remedy for many diseases and are included in various polyherbal preparations used for the treatment of diabetes, hepatitis, etc. Since each part of guduchi has some medicinal property, it is very much commercially exploitable. During the last few decades considerable progress has been achieved regarding its biological activity and medicinal applications. Hence, it can be chosen as a source for the development of industrial products for treatment of various diseases. We have put an effort to compile available literature on research work done for this plant mainly on its therapeutic utility till recent, from the early beginning. This review gives a bird view of the main biological activities, pharmacological actions and medicinal applications of guduchi extracts and also biological activities of few guduchi compounds isolated.
{"title":"Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia): Biological and Medicinal properties, a review","authors":"K. Krishna, B. Jigar, P. Jagruti","doi":"10.5580/2104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/2104","url":null,"abstract":"Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia) is commonly known as rasayana plant and its rejuvenating property is well reported in Ayurvedic and other ancient literature. It is a fairly common plant of the dry deciduous forests growing over hedges and small trees. Various parts of the plant are being prescribed in Ayurveda and other systems of medicine as a monoherbal or polyherbal preparation. In India, various extracts of the plant are used as a remedy for many diseases and are included in various polyherbal preparations used for the treatment of diabetes, hepatitis, etc. Since each part of guduchi has some medicinal property, it is very much commercially exploitable. During the last few decades considerable progress has been achieved regarding its biological activity and medicinal applications. Hence, it can be chosen as a source for the development of industrial products for treatment of various diseases. We have put an effort to compile available literature on research work done for this plant mainly on its therapeutic utility till recent, from the early beginning. This review gives a bird view of the main biological activities, pharmacological actions and medicinal applications of guduchi extracts and also biological activities of few guduchi compounds isolated.","PeriodicalId":107168,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Alternative Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120993567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Rajamanickam, A. Rajasekaran, S. D. Quine, M. Jesupillai, R. Sabitha
The chloroform, acetone and ethanolic flower extracts of couroupita guianensis were evaluated for in vitro anthelmintic activity on adult earth worm, Pheritima phosthuma (Indian variety). The activity was assessed by worm motility assay which involved determination of time of paralysis and death of worms. The alcoholic extract was found to be more effective than the chloroform and acetone extract and the activity was comparable with the standard drug Piperazine citrate. INTRODUCTION Couroupita guianensis is a tree belonging to the family Lecythidaceae. It is native to South India and Malaysia and commonly known as Nagalinga pushpam in Tamil. Various part of the tree have been reported to contain oils, keto steroids, glycosides, couroupitone, indirubcin,isatin and phenolic substances and also reported to possess anti microbial activity(1-5). The present study was aimed to evaluate anthelmintic acticity of flowers of Couroupita guianensis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The flowers were collected from western ghates of Virudunagar District, Tamilnadu, India and authenticated by Dr. Stephen, Dept. of Botany, The American College, Madurai, Tamilnadu, India. A voucher specimen (CG) have been kept in our laboratory for future reference. PREPARATION OF THE EXTRACT The coarsely powdered flower materials were extracted exhaustively with chloroform, acetone and ethanol using Soxhlet apparatus(6). These extracts were concentrated under reduced pressure and preserved in desiccators until further use. ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITY The method described by Dash et al(7-8) was employed for evaluating anthelmintic activity. Pheritima posthuma (obtained from horticulture department, Madurai, Tamilnadu, India) of approximately equal size (15 Cm) was divided in to ten groups. Each group consists of six earth worms of same type and treated with any of the following. Fifty milliliter of test solution containing 20, 50 and 100 mg /ml of test extracts (Chloroform, acetone and ethanol extracts of flowers of Couroupita guianensis) and Piperazine citrate (10mg/kg). The Mean time of paralysis and death was recorded in minutes. The paralysis time was recorded when no movement of any sort could be observed except when the worms were shaken vigorously. Time for death of worms were recorded when worms were neither moved while shaken vigorously nor when dipped in warm water (500C). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS All the values were represented as Mean ± S.E.M using student ‘‘t’‘ test. P of human beings(9-11).Phenolic compounds by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation hinder the energy production in helminth parasites(12). Phytochemical analysis of flowers of CG showed the presence of phenolic substances. Therefore, we conclude that phenolic compounds may be responsible for the anthelmintic activity of flowers of CG. Further study is in progress to isolate active constituent responsible for the activity. References 1. The useful plants of India, Publication of information directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 2. Jo
{"title":"Anthelmintic activity of the flower extract ofCouroupita guianensis","authors":"V. Rajamanickam, A. Rajasekaran, S. D. Quine, M. Jesupillai, R. Sabitha","doi":"10.5580/1da2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/1da2","url":null,"abstract":"The chloroform, acetone and ethanolic flower extracts of couroupita guianensis were evaluated for in vitro anthelmintic activity on adult earth worm, Pheritima phosthuma (Indian variety). The activity was assessed by worm motility assay which involved determination of time of paralysis and death of worms. The alcoholic extract was found to be more effective than the chloroform and acetone extract and the activity was comparable with the standard drug Piperazine citrate. INTRODUCTION Couroupita guianensis is a tree belonging to the family Lecythidaceae. It is native to South India and Malaysia and commonly known as Nagalinga pushpam in Tamil. Various part of the tree have been reported to contain oils, keto steroids, glycosides, couroupitone, indirubcin,isatin and phenolic substances and also reported to possess anti microbial activity(1-5). The present study was aimed to evaluate anthelmintic acticity of flowers of Couroupita guianensis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The flowers were collected from western ghates of Virudunagar District, Tamilnadu, India and authenticated by Dr. Stephen, Dept. of Botany, The American College, Madurai, Tamilnadu, India. A voucher specimen (CG) have been kept in our laboratory for future reference. PREPARATION OF THE EXTRACT The coarsely powdered flower materials were extracted exhaustively with chloroform, acetone and ethanol using Soxhlet apparatus(6). These extracts were concentrated under reduced pressure and preserved in desiccators until further use. ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITY The method described by Dash et al(7-8) was employed for evaluating anthelmintic activity. Pheritima posthuma (obtained from horticulture department, Madurai, Tamilnadu, India) of approximately equal size (15 Cm) was divided in to ten groups. Each group consists of six earth worms of same type and treated with any of the following. Fifty milliliter of test solution containing 20, 50 and 100 mg /ml of test extracts (Chloroform, acetone and ethanol extracts of flowers of Couroupita guianensis) and Piperazine citrate (10mg/kg). The Mean time of paralysis and death was recorded in minutes. The paralysis time was recorded when no movement of any sort could be observed except when the worms were shaken vigorously. Time for death of worms were recorded when worms were neither moved while shaken vigorously nor when dipped in warm water (500C). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS All the values were represented as Mean ± S.E.M using student ‘‘t’‘ test. P of human beings(9-11).Phenolic compounds by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation hinder the energy production in helminth parasites(12). Phytochemical analysis of flowers of CG showed the presence of phenolic substances. Therefore, we conclude that phenolic compounds may be responsible for the anthelmintic activity of flowers of CG. Further study is in progress to isolate active constituent responsible for the activity. References 1. The useful plants of India, Publication of information directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 2. Jo","PeriodicalId":107168,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Alternative Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124834048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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