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Atmospheres of Protest 抗议的气氛
Pub Date : 2021-04-08 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190863456.013.14
Illan rua Wall
Commentators often remark upon the “festive” or “tense” atmosphere of major protests. This seems to signify the general outlook of the protestors or the relations between them and the police. It signals the potential of the protests to unfold in a peaceful, joyous manner or with violence. While “festive” and “tense” are useful ways of thinking about protest atmospheres, they are often used in a highly reductive manner. The literature on atmosphere from social movement studies also tends to reproduce this reductive idea of atmosphere, whereby it can be understood through unidimensional metrics. This chapter discusses the social movement literature and opens the debate about atmospheres of protest more widely. Ultimately there is a much greater variety of atmospheric conditions in moments of protest. These nestle together, changing and interacting as the conditions shift. Atmospheres are the affective tone of space. They are produced by those gathered in that space, by the spatial dynamics and the affective social conditions. Atmospheres affect those present, changing their capacity to act. Thus it is important that we understand their potential.
评论人士经常评论重大抗议活动的“喜庆”或“紧张”气氛。这似乎反映了示威队的总体面貌或示威队与警方的关系。这表明抗议活动有可能以和平、欢乐的方式展开,也有可能以暴力方式展开。虽然“喜庆”和“紧张”是思考抗议气氛的有用方式,但它们通常以高度简化的方式使用。来自社会运动研究的关于大气的文献也倾向于再现这种简化的大气概念,从而可以通过一维度量来理解它。本章讨论了社会运动文学,并更广泛地展开了关于抗议气氛的辩论。最后,在抗议的时刻,大气条件的变化要大得多。它们依偎在一起,随着条件的变化而变化和相互作用。大气是空间的情感基调。它们是由聚集在那个空间里的人,由空间动态和情感社会条件产生的。大气影响着在场的人,改变着他们的行动能力。因此,了解它们的潜力是很重要的。
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引用次数: 0
Protest and Performativity 抗议和表演
Pub Date : 2021-04-08 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190863456.013.5
Jorge Cadena-Roa, Cristina Puga
Protests are contentious actions that pose claims to other parties. Protesters seek attention and voice or demand that a third party act (or stop acting) in a way that prompts grievances or causes suffering to the protesters or others. Protestors raise claims for a range of reasons, material, legal (such as rights and protections), and symbolic. Often all the claimants want is to call the authorities’ attention to certain issues because their efforts to be listened to through regular means have been ignored. Protests have been part and parcel of Mexican politics since postrevolutionary times. These protests routinely incorporate performative innovations into their repertoire in order to gain public support and have their demands met. This chapter analyzes the components of performance in protest and discusses a range of contrasting case studies from Mexico, highlighting features such as empathy and identity through performance.
抗议是一种有争议的行为,会向其他各方提出索赔。抗议者寻求关注和声音,或要求第三方采取(或停止行动),以引起不满或给抗议者或其他人造成痛苦。抗议者提出索赔的理由多种多样,有物质上的、法律上的(如权利和保护),也有象征性的。通常,所有索赔人想要的只是提请当局注意某些问题,因为他们通过常规手段倾听的努力被忽视了。自革命时代以来,抗议活动一直是墨西哥政治的重要组成部分。这些抗议活动经常将表演创新纳入其剧目,以获得公众支持并满足其要求。本章分析了抗议行为的组成部分,并讨论了一系列来自墨西哥的对比案例研究,强调了通过行为表现出的同理心和身份认同等特征。
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引用次数: 3
Taking a Position 确立立场
Pub Date : 2021-04-08 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190863456.013.50
S. Coleman
This chapter is stimulated by the author’s collaboration with the renowned choreographer Sharon Watson and dancers from the Northern School of Contemporary Dance to produce a contemporary dance work exploring the feelings of people who had voted for and against Brexit in the UK referendum of 2016. Suggesting that through attention to corporeal experience we might find ways of encapsulating prevalent political moods, it considers the ways in which political affect can exceed the capacities of typical scientific representation. Focusing on what it means to take a position, the chapter argues that dance has the potential to provide ways of attending to deep, prereflective, affective moods underlying and surrounding political situations. The chapter reflects upon the work of translation through which a choreographic devising process was informed by qualitative data. The idea of affective framing is outlined as a new way of thinking about such translatory work. Four arguments for further imaginative collaboration between artists and social scientists are offered, with a view to developing modes of political attention that capture the dynamics of politics as a felt experience.
作者与著名编舞莎朗·沃森(Sharon Watson)和北方当代舞蹈学院的舞者合作,创作了一部当代舞蹈作品,探讨了在2016年英国公投中投票支持和反对英国脱欧的人们的感受。通过对身体经验的关注,我们可以找到概括普遍政治情绪的方法,它考虑了政治影响可以超越典型科学表征能力的方式。本章聚焦于立场的含义,认为舞蹈有可能提供一种方式来关注政治局势背后和周围的深层、前反思、情感情绪。这一章反映了翻译工作,通过翻译,一个编舞设计过程被定性数据告知。情感框架是一种新的翻译思维方式。作者提出了艺术家和社会科学家之间进一步富有想象力的合作的四个论点,以期发展政治关注模式,将政治动态作为一种感受体验来捕捉。
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引用次数: 0
Ceremony, Genealogy, Political Theology 仪式,家谱,政治神学
Pub Date : 2021-04-08 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190863456.013.42
S. Elden
This chapter begins the work of interrogating the concept and practice of ceremony historically and theoretically. There has been some important recent work that examines the question of ceremony and its contemporary political instantiations and that examines specific ceremonial practices in different historical periods. This chapter discusses this work, develops an argument about how to understand ceremony in relation to political theology, and shows how tracing the etymology and history of ceremony can be helpful in understanding it today. All ceremonies have at least the trace of a religious lineage, even if they appear to be for purely secular purposes. The chapter explores themes around bodies and materials—gesture, choreography, clothing, and objects; the texts or liturgy of ceremony; and the temporality and spatiality of ceremony. The ceremonial is an aspect of the performance of politics but also of the politics of performance. Through a brief discussion of Shakespeare’s play Henry V, the chapter explores this question of political theater.
这一章开始从历史和理论上对仪式的概念和实践进行质疑。最近有一些重要的工作,研究了仪式的问题及其当代政治实例,研究了不同历史时期的具体仪式实践。本章讨论了这项工作,提出了一个关于如何理解与政治神学相关的仪式的论点,并展示了追踪仪式的词源和历史如何有助于今天理解它。所有的仪式至少都有宗教血统的痕迹,即使它们看起来纯粹是为了世俗的目的。这一章探讨了围绕身体和材料的主题——手势、舞蹈、服装和物体;礼仪:仪式的文本或礼仪;仪式的时间性和空间性。仪式是政治表演的一个方面也是政治表演的一个方面。通过对莎士比亚戏剧《亨利五世》的简短讨论,本章探讨了政治戏剧的这个问题。
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引用次数: 0
Adaptation and Environment 适应与环境
Pub Date : 2021-04-08 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190863456.013.17
Vicky Angelaki
This chapter engages with the process of greening the theatrical canon by taking on the example of a significant play within the Ibsen oeuvre and within naturalism more broadly, Rosmersholm. As this chapter contends, productions such as those that Rosmersholm received at the Duke of York’s Theatre in London in 2019, adapted by the playwright Duncan Macmillan and directed by Ian Rickson, can serve well as paradigms for how the greening of the canon can work in practice, and how, similarly, we might recalibrate our critical reading to allow environmental concerns to emerge as primary while, at the same time, recognizing these as profoundly intertwined with issues relating to community, justice, politics, and social progress.
本章以易卜生作品中的一部重要戏剧和更广泛的自然主义中的罗斯默斯霍姆为例,探讨了绿化戏剧经典的过程。正如本章所述,罗斯默斯霍姆于2019年在伦敦约克公爵剧院接受的那些作品,由剧作家邓肯·麦克米伦改编,由伊恩·里克森执导,可以很好地作为典范,说明经典的绿化如何在实践中发挥作用,以及我们如何重新校准我们的批判性阅读,让环境问题成为首要问题,同时,认识到这些问题与社区、正义、政治和社会进步等问题密切相关。
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引用次数: 0
Postmemory Postmemory
Pub Date : 2020-01-27 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190863456.013.46
Jordana Blejmar
This chapter addresses the links between memory, politics, and performance in the works of the so-called postmemory generations in Latin America, composed of those who were born or grew up during the dictatorships and internal conflicts that shattered the region during the second half of the twentieth century. It specifically discusses two plays: Villa+Discurso (Villa+Speech), written and directed by the Chilean dramaturge Guillermo Calderón, and Cuarto Intermedio: Guía práctica para juicios de lesa humanidad (Recess: A practical guide for trials of crimes against humanity), directed by the Argentine filmmaker Juan Schnitman and performed by the writer Félix Bruzzone, a son of disappeared parents, and Mónica Zwaig, a French lawyer and actress. Both Villa+Discurso and Cuarto intermedio touch upon Latin America’s bleakest crimes but without solemnity and with (dark) humor, and raise important and uncomfortable questions, such as who decides what to do with the material traces of the painful past, and what is our responsibility, our implication, to shared national traumas. Both plays claim that (post)memory is not merely a familial and private issue but is also a collective effort. Moreover (post)memory is presented here not so much as a representation, a recollection, or even a reenactment of the past, but as concrete actions and political interventions in the present. Thus the focus in this chapter is not only on the content of these plays (how postmemory is represented) but, more important, on the effects, and affects, that they produce on and beyond the stage.
本章探讨了所谓的拉丁美洲后记忆世代作品中记忆、政治和表演之间的联系,这些世代由那些在二十世纪下半叶独裁统治和内部冲突中出生或长大的人组成,这些独裁统治和内部冲突摧毁了该地区。它特别讨论了两部戏剧:《Villa+Discurso》(《Villa+Speech》),由智利剧作家吉列尔莫(Guillermo) Calderón编剧和导演,以及《Cuarto Intermedio: Guía práctica para juicios de lesa humanidad》(《休息:审判危害人类罪的实用指南》),由阿根廷电影制作人胡安·施尼特曼(Juan Schnitman)执导,由作家f里克斯·布鲁宗(f lix Bruzzone)和法国律师兼女演员Mónica兹韦格(Mónica zwaaig)出演,布鲁宗是一对失踪父母的儿子。Villa+Discurso和Cuarto intermedio都触及了拉丁美洲最凄凉的罪行,但没有庄重,而是(黑色)幽默,并提出了重要而令人不安的问题,比如谁决定如何处理痛苦过去的物质痕迹,我们的责任是什么,我们对共同的国家创伤的含义是什么。这两部剧都声称(后)记忆不仅仅是一个家庭和私人的问题,也是一个集体的努力。此外,(后)记忆在这里并不是作为对过去的再现、回忆,甚至是对过去的重演,而是作为当下的具体行动和政治干预。因此,本章的重点不仅是这些戏剧的内容(后记忆是如何表现的),更重要的是,它们在舞台上和舞台外产生的效果和影响。
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引用次数: 0
What’s in a Name? 名字里有什么?
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190863456.013.43
B. Hadley
In the past three decades disabled scholars, artists, and their allies have highlighted the politics of representing the disabled body in theater, film, literature, museums, and the media. They have begun to address a problematic legacy of visibility-without-agency by advocating for positive self-representations of disabled people across a range of arts practices. Terms like disabled, handicapped, and crippled have been critiqued and in some cases reclaimed to articulate the distinctiveness of crip culture and performance. Terms like disability arts, arts and disability, artists with disability, and disability-led arts practice have been applied to politicized performance by disabled artists. This chapter argues that such terms have in effect become politicized performative gestures in their own right, which enact and guide the enactment of a disability rights agenda. It examines how artists’, archivists’, and historians’ efforts to relabel past work—to redact offensive labeling of disabled people as other from the historical record—is impacting our understanding of the evolution of this field of politicized practice. It also examines the impact changing ways of labeling art about, with, and by disabled people today is having. Labels certainly can be critical political gestures, designed to achieve critical maneuvers at critical moments in time, along the trajectory toward rights for disabled people. However, the idea that labels will serve in perpetuity, both in prospect and in retrospect, in wholly unproblematic ways, is less certain. In this sense, labels designed to support specific political shifts may always be “right for now” rather than “right forever.”
在过去的三十年中,残障学者、艺术家和他们的盟友强调了在戏剧、电影、文学、博物馆和媒体中代表残障身体的政治。他们已经开始通过倡导残疾人在一系列艺术实践中积极的自我表现,来解决没有代理的可见性的遗留问题。像残废的、残废的和残废的这样的术语受到了批评,在某些情况下被重新使用,以阐明瘸子文化和表演的独特性。残障艺术、艺术与残障、残障艺术家、残障主导的艺术实践等术语被用于残障艺术家的政治化表演。本章认为,这些术语本身实际上已经成为政治化的表演姿态,它们制定并指导残疾人权利议程的制定。它考察了艺术家、档案管理员和历史学家重新标记过去作品的努力——从历史记录中删除对残疾人的冒犯性标签——是如何影响我们对这一政治化实践领域演变的理解的。它还研究了当今残疾人艺术标签方式的变化所产生的影响。标签当然可以是关键的政治姿态,旨在实现关键时刻的关键操作,沿着残疾人权利的轨迹。然而,标签将以完全没有问题的方式永久存在的想法,无论是在未来还是在回顾中,都不太确定。从这个意义上说,为支持特定的政治转变而设计的标签可能总是“暂时正确”,而不是“永远正确”。
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引用次数: 0
Media Sites 媒体网站
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190863456.013.36
Kimberly Wedeven Segall
This chapter looks at mass media as political performance in the sense that select ed bodies, images, and voices are part of a production with an intended audience. Alternative media offer different political performances in the sense that small-scale productions of marginalized communities use personal/ or communal voices to interrupt dominant structures. This chapter offers specific extended examples of the latter in particular, such as music videos and filmed performances. Distinguishing between mainstream press and its vernacular forms, this chapter suggests how alternative media performs a distinct psychological and political functions: enacting resiliencies, redefining citizenship, reviving racial solidarities. Contextualizing how mass media needs to be interpreted not for its neutrality but as a site of performance and politics offers a new lens on women’s protests.
本章将大众传媒视为一种政治表演,因为精选的人物、图像和声音是具有目标受众的作品的一部分。另类媒体提供了不同的政治表演,因为边缘化社区的小规模生产使用个人/或社区的声音来打断主导结构。本章特别提供了后者的具体扩展示例,例如音乐视频和电影表演。通过区分主流媒体和本土媒体,本章提出了另类媒体如何发挥独特的心理和政治功能:制定弹性、重新定义公民身份、恢复种族团结。将大众媒体作为表演和政治场所,而非中立性来解读,为女性抗议提供了新的视角。
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引用次数: 0
Immersion
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190863456.013.45
Willmar Sauter
This chapter presents various kinds of immersion, in which terms such as presence, participation, curiosity, and reflection are relevant aspects of public communication. It reconsiders some traditional schemes of communication and their applications in theater and performance studies as well as aesthetic theories that underline the position of the beholder. To make ideas of the spectator’s immersive involvement as concrete as possible, it refers to a contemporary trilogy of plays performed as Women in Science, in which various communicative strategies and techniques were employed. The attention is directed toward the watching B(eholder) as constitutive of theatrical communication, while the performing A(gent) can assume a wide variety of shapes. The beholder’s immersion has a close affinity to political activities.
本章介绍了各种类型的沉浸,其中存在、参与、好奇和反思等术语是公共传播的相关方面。它重新考虑了一些传统的交流方案及其在戏剧和表演研究中的应用,以及强调旁观者地位的美学理论。为了使观众身临其境的参与尽可能具体,它参考了当代戏剧三部曲《科学中的女性》,其中采用了各种交流策略和技术。注意力指向观看者B(观众),作为戏剧交流的组成部分,而表演者A(代理人)可以呈现各种各样的形状。旁观者的沉浸与政治活动有着密切的联系。
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引用次数: 0
Island Impasse Island死胡同
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190863456.013.12
E. Cox
This chapter responds to the theme of borders with reference to the artistic and activist work of the Iranian refugee Behrouz Boochani, who was held for several years at Manus Island detention center, Papua New Guinea, at the behest of the Australian government. The discussion examines Boochani’s documentary film, Chauka, Please Tell Us the Time (2017), created clandestinely on a mobile device within the detention center. The chapter considers new border formations, marked by prolonged encounters with prohibitory migration laws that transform borders from instruments of passing into tools of impasse. Describing an emergent condition of the border, the chapter works through a concept of “thickening” that results from punitive laws concerning forced migration and from the artistic interventions of people subjected to these laws.
本章以伊朗难民Behrouz Boochani的艺术与行动主义作品回应边界主题,他在澳洲政府的要求下,被关押在巴布亚新几内亚马努斯岛拘留中心数年。讨论探讨了布查尼的纪录片《Chauka,请告诉我们时间》(2017),这部纪录片是在拘留中心的移动设备上秘密创作的。这一章考虑了新的边界形成,其标志是与禁止性移民法的长期接触,这些法律将边界从通行的工具变成了僵局的工具。本章描述了边境的紧急情况,通过“增厚”的概念进行工作,这一概念源于有关强迫移民的惩罚性法律以及受这些法律约束的人们的艺术干预。
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引用次数: 0
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The Oxford Handbook of Politics and Performance
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