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Associations of Microbiota-Friendly Diet with Risk of Diabetic Retinopathy in NHANES: Mediating Role of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. 微生物友好饮食与NHANES糖尿病视网膜病变风险的关联:氧化应激和炎症的介导作用。
IF 2 4区 医学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2025.2601169
Yuanyue Cui, Yizhen Sang, Bo Hou, Jing Jin, Dandan Xie, Wei Wang

Purpose: Growing evidence implicates gut microbiota dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). This study aimed to investigate the associations between dietary index for gut microbiota (DI-GM), a novel metric reflecting gut microbiota composition and diversity, and DR risk, as well as to examine the mediating role of inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers.

Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed 4,003 diabetic individuals (mean age 59 years, 51.21% men) from 1999-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. DI-GM was derived from self-reported 24-hour dietary recalls. Mediation analysis was used to investigate the role of inflammation (neutrophils, lymphocytes, and alkaline phosphatase) and oxidative stress (gamma-glutamyl transferase, uric acid, and total bilirubin) biomarkers in the effects of DI-GM on DR prevalence. Binary logistic regression analysis was adopted to explore the association of DI-GM and DR prevalence.

Results: The prevalence of DR was 19.64%. Multivariate-adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence intervals) for the association between DI-GM and DR prevalence was 0.73 (0.68-0.79). Restricted cubic spline curves showed a non-linear inverse relationship between DI-GM and DR prevalence. Subgroup analysis indicated that the association between DI-GM and DR prevalence was more pronounced in participants with a body mass index > 25 kg/m2. Alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin mediated 10.27% and 9.45% of the effects of DI-GM scores on DR prevalence.

Conclusions: Adherence to microbiota-friendly diet was associated with a lower DR prevalence, especially among individuals with overweight or obesity. Alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin may be associated with the gut microbiota-retina interactions in DR.

目的:越来越多的证据表明,肠道菌群失调与糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)的发病机制有关。本研究旨在探讨肠道微生物群膳食指数(DI-GM)(反映肠道微生物群组成和多样性的新指标)与DR风险之间的关系,并研究炎症和氧化应激生物标志物的介导作用。方法:本横断面研究分析了1999-2018年全国健康与营养调查的4003例糖尿病患者(平均年龄59岁,男性51.21%)。DI-GM来源于自我报告的24小时饮食回忆。使用中介分析来研究炎症(中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞和碱性磷酸酶)和氧化应激(γ -谷氨酰转移酶、尿酸和总胆红素)生物标志物在DI-GM对DR患病率的影响中的作用。采用二元logistic回归分析探讨DI-GM与DR患病率的关系。结果:DR患病率为19.64%。DI-GM和DR患病率之间的多变量校正比值比(95%置信区间)为0.73(0.68-0.79)。限制三次样条曲线显示DI-GM与DR患病率呈非线性反比关系。亚组分析表明,在体重指数为25 kg/m2的参与者中,DI-GM和DR患病率之间的关联更为明显。碱性磷酸酶和总胆红素介导了DI-GM评分对DR患病率的10.27%和9.45%的影响。结论:坚持菌群友好型饮食与较低的DR患病率相关,特别是在超重或肥胖人群中。碱性磷酸酶和总胆红素可能与DR中肠道微生物-视网膜相互作用有关。
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引用次数: 0
Regional Changes in Retinal and Choroidal Thickness in Lens-Induced Myopic Guinea Pigs. 晶状体性近视豚鼠视网膜和脉络膜厚度的局部变化。
IF 2 4区 医学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-12-14 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2025.2601175
Xiaoran Zhang, Kailei Wang, Xiao Wang, Rui Hao

Purpose: To investigate the variations in retinal thickness and choroidal thickness at different distances from the optic disk in the guinea pigs.

Methods: Twenty 3-week-old pigmented guinea pigs were randomly divided into a normal control group and a lens-induced myopia group. The normal control group received no intervention, while the lens-induced myopia group wore a -10D lens on the right eye to induce myopia and a 0D lens on the left eye as control. Refraction, axial length, corneal curvature radius, vitreous chamber depth, retinal thickness, and choroidal thickness were measured at baseline, 2 and 4 weeks. Centered on the optic disk, concentric circles with radii of 1000, 1500, 2000, and 2500 μm were drawn using Image J software (Bethesda, MD) to partition the retina and choroid.

Results: After 4 weeks, lens-induced myopia-eyes showed lower refraction (lens-induced myopia vs. normal control, -1.38 ± 0.91D vs. 2.64 ± 0.76D, p < 0.0001), retinal thickness (lens-induced myopia vs. normal control, 149.14 ± 4.64 μm vs. 159.63 ± 4.64 μm, p < 0.0001) and choroidal thickness (39.07 ± 3.30 μm vs. 45.80 ± 5.32 μm, p < 0.01), and increased axial length (lens-induced myopia vs. normal control, 8.34 ± 0.20 mm vs. 8.01 ± 0.16 mm, p < 0.0001) and vitreous chamber depth (lens-induced myopia vs. normal control, 3.87 ± 0.11 mm vs. 3.50 ± 0.11 mm, p < 0.0001) compared with the normal control group and Fellow-eye. At week 4, retinal thickness at all positions of the lens-induced myopia-eye differed from normal control and Fellow-eye, while choroidal thickness differed only at 1500 μm and 2000 µm. Thinning of retinal thickness and choroidal thickness are both at distances of 1500 μm and 2000 μm. Mean retinal thickness and choroidal thickness correlated positively with refraction, but the changes in retinal thickness and choroidal thickness at each position are not correlated with the changes in RE.

Conclusion: The structural changes in the retina and choroid during myopia progression are region-specific rather than uniform across the posterior pole.

目的:观察离视盘不同距离时豚鼠视网膜和脉络膜厚度的变化。方法:将23周龄的有色豚鼠随机分为正常对照组和晶状体性近视组。正常对照组不进行干预,晶状体性近视组右眼佩戴-10D晶状体诱导近视,左眼佩戴0D晶状体作为对照。在基线、2周和4周时测量屈光度、眼轴长度、角膜曲率半径、玻璃体腔深度、视网膜厚度和脉络膜厚度。以视盘为中心,用Image J软件(Bethesda, MD)绘制半径分别为1000、1500、2000、2500 μm的同心圆,划分视网膜和脉络膜。结果:4周后,晶状体性近视眼屈光度较低(晶状体性近视与正常对照,-1.38±0.91D vs. 2.64±0.76D, p p p p p p)。结论:近视进展过程中视网膜和脉络膜的结构变化具有区域特异性,而不是均匀分布于后极。
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引用次数: 0
ROS-NLRP3 Axis in Intestinal Epithelial Cells is Involved in the Development of Autoimmune Uveitis. 肠上皮细胞ROS-NLRP3轴参与自身免疫性葡萄膜炎的发生
IF 2 4区 医学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-12-14 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2025.2602903
Lu Shi, Sanhua Xu, Yanhua Cheng, Chen Wu, Xinbang Mao, Jun Huang

Purpose: Uveitis is a irreversible blinding eye disease with unknown mechanism. The imbalance of Treg/Th17 caused by the interaction of genetics and environment is the core mechanism of the occurrence and development of uveitis. We aimed to confirm that intestinal immune imbalance aggravates uveitis.

Methods: The experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) model was established by immunizing mice with IRBP1-20. Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of CD4 + T lymphocytes, dendritic cells and memory CD4 + T cells in the intestinal lamina propria on days 7 and 14 of induction. Fitc-dextran test was used to detect intestinal permeability, and RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of occludin and ZO-1 in intestinal epithelial cells. The ROS level in intestinal epithelial cells was detected by ROS probe, and the expression levels of NLRP3 inflammasome, caspase-1 and IL-1β in intestinal epithelial cells were detected by WB. In addition, antioxidant was administered via intraperitoneal injection to induce protection against EAU, clinical scores were used to assess disease progression. Flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of Th17 and Treg cells in the mesenteric draining lymph nodes.

Results: In the early stages of EAU, CD4+ T cells, dendritic cells, and memory CD4+ T cells were observed in the intestinal lamina propria. Additionally, dysfunction of the intestinal epithelial barrier was characterized by increased FITC-dextran permeability and decreased occludin and ZO-1 expression, highlighting its role in the pathogenesis of EAU. Notably, we also detected elevated levels of ROS, NLRP3 inflammasome, caspase-1, and IL-1β in the intestinal epithelium of EAU mice. Antioxidant treatment in EAU mice demonstrated a protective effect by inhibiting the expression of ROS, NLRP3, caspase-1, and IL-1β in intestinal epithelial cells.

Conclusions: Activation of the intestinal ROS-NLRP3 axis leads to a disruption in the balance between Teff cells and Treg cells, contributing to the pathogenesis of uveitis.

目的:葡萄膜炎是一种不可逆的致盲眼病,发病机制尚不清楚。遗传和环境相互作用导致Treg/Th17失衡是葡萄膜炎发生发展的核心机制。我们的目的是确认肠道免疫失衡加重葡萄膜炎。方法:采用IRBP1-20免疫小鼠,建立实验性自身免疫性葡萄膜炎(EAU)模型。采用流式细胞术检测诱导后第7天和第14天肠固有层CD4 + T淋巴细胞、树突状细胞和记忆CD4 + T细胞的表达。采用fitc -葡聚糖法检测肠通透性,RT-PCR检测occludin和ZO-1在肠上皮细胞中的表达。采用ROS探针检测肠上皮细胞中的ROS水平,WB检测肠上皮细胞中NLRP3炎性小体、caspase-1和IL-1β的表达水平。此外,通过腹腔注射抗氧化剂诱导对EAU的保护,临床评分用于评估疾病进展。采用流式细胞术检测肠系膜引流淋巴结中Th17和Treg细胞的比例。结果:在EAU早期,在肠固有层中观察到CD4+ T细胞、树突状细胞和记忆CD4+ T细胞。此外,肠上皮屏障功能障碍的特征是fitc -葡聚糖通透性增加,occludin和ZO-1表达降低,这突出了其在EAU发病机制中的作用。值得注意的是,我们还检测到EAU小鼠肠上皮中ROS、NLRP3炎性体、caspase-1和IL-1β水平升高。抗氧化处理通过抑制肠上皮细胞中ROS、NLRP3、caspase-1和IL-1β的表达,对EAU小鼠具有保护作用。结论:肠道ROS-NLRP3轴的激活导致Teff细胞和Treg细胞之间的平衡被破坏,参与葡萄膜炎的发病机制。
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引用次数: 0
Independent Conjunctival and Retinal Microcirculatory Improvements Following Ocufolin® Supplementation in Mild Diabetic Retinopathy. 补充Ocufolin®对轻度糖尿病视网膜病变患者独立结膜和视网膜微循环的改善。
IF 2 4区 医学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-12-14 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2025.2601181
Yunhai Dai, Andrew Hoover, Lei Wan, Justin H Townsend, Yehoshua Zohar, Hong Jiang, Jianhua Wang

Purpose: To determine whether conjunctival and retinal microcirculatory improvements induced by Ocufolin® supplementation are independently regulated in mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (MDR).

Methods: Eighteen MDR patients (18 eyes) received Ocufolin® for six months. Conjunctival flow rate (Q) and vessel density (CVD) were measured using a functional slit‑lamp biomicroscope. Retinal blood flow (RBF) and vessel densities in the superficial (SVP), deep (DVP), and total retinal vascular network (RVN) were obtained using retinal function imaging and OCT angiography. Measurements were taken at baseline, 4 months, and 6 months. Mean values from both eyes were averaged and correlations between conjunctival and retinal parameters were analyzed.

Results: Q increased significantly from 91.71 ± 34.53 pl/s at baseline to 119.81 ± 40.75 pl/s at 4 months and 138.70 ± 75.37 pl/s at 6 months (p < 0.05). RBF also rose from 2.27 ± 0.71 nl/s to 2.78 ± 1.00 nl/s and 3.20 ± 0.89 nl/s (p < 0.05). Vessel densities (CVD, SVP, DVP, RVN) did not change significantly (p > 0.05). RBF and Q were correlated at baseline, but not at the fourth or sixth month. No other significant correlations were found between conjunctival (Q or CVD) and retinal (RBF or vessel density) metrics at any time point (p > 0.05).

Conclusion: As the first study to assess post‑supplementation correlations between conjunctival and retinal microcirculation in MDR, the study's findings show that Ocufolin® improved blood flow in both tissues. These results support using conjunctival and retinal measurements as complementary biomarkers in MDR evaluation.

目的:探讨在轻度非增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变(MDR)中,补充Ocufolin®诱导的结膜和视网膜微循环改善是否独立调节。方法:18例MDR患者(18只眼)接受Ocufolin®治疗6个月。使用功能性裂隙灯生物显微镜测量结膜流速(Q)和血管密度(CVD)。采用视网膜功能显像和OCT血管造影获得视网膜血流量(RBF)和浅表(SVP)、深部(DVP)及视网膜总血管网(RVN)血管密度。在基线、4个月和6个月时进行测量。取双眼平均值,并分析结膜和视网膜参数之间的相关性。结果:Q值从基线时的91.71±34.53 pl/s显著增加到4个月时的119.81±40.75 pl/s和6个月时的138.70±75.37 pl/s (p p p > 0.05)。RBF与Q在基线时相关,但在第4、6个月时不相关。在任何时间点结膜(Q或CVD)和视网膜(RBF或血管密度)指标之间未发现其他显著相关性(p < 0.05)。结论:作为第一个评估MDR患者结膜和视网膜微循环补充后相关性的研究,研究结果表明Ocufolin®改善了这两个组织的血流。这些结果支持使用结膜和视网膜测量作为MDR评估的补充生物标志物。
{"title":"Independent Conjunctival and Retinal Microcirculatory Improvements Following Ocufolin<sup>®</sup> Supplementation in Mild Diabetic Retinopathy.","authors":"Yunhai Dai, Andrew Hoover, Lei Wan, Justin H Townsend, Yehoshua Zohar, Hong Jiang, Jianhua Wang","doi":"10.1080/02713683.2025.2601181","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02713683.2025.2601181","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine whether conjunctival and retinal microcirculatory improvements induced by Ocufolin<sup>®</sup> supplementation are independently regulated in mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (MDR).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighteen MDR patients (18 eyes) received Ocufolin<sup>®</sup> for six months. Conjunctival flow rate (Q) and vessel density (CVD) were measured using a functional slit‑lamp biomicroscope. Retinal blood flow (RBF) and vessel densities in the superficial (SVP), deep (DVP), and total retinal vascular network (RVN) were obtained using retinal function imaging and OCT angiography. Measurements were taken at baseline, 4 months, and 6 months. Mean values from both eyes were averaged and correlations between conjunctival and retinal parameters were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Q increased significantly from 91.71 ± 34.53 pl/s at baseline to 119.81 ± 40.75 pl/s at 4 months and 138.70 ± 75.37 pl/s at 6 months (<i>p</i> < 0.05). RBF also rose from 2.27 ± 0.71 nl/s to 2.78 ± 1.00 nl/s and 3.20 ± 0.89 nl/s (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Vessel densities (CVD, SVP, DVP, RVN) did not change significantly (<i>p</i> > 0.05). RBF and Q were correlated at baseline, but not at the fourth or sixth month. No other significant correlations were found between conjunctival (Q or CVD) and retinal (RBF or vessel density) metrics at any time point (<i>p</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>As the first study to assess post‑supplementation correlations between conjunctival and retinal microcirculation in MDR, the study's findings show that Ocufolin<sup>®</sup> improved blood flow in both tissues. These results support using conjunctival and retinal measurements as complementary biomarkers in MDR evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":10782,"journal":{"name":"Current Eye Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12882741/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145755165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Keratometry and the Central Radius with Aspheric Corneal Surfaces. 非球面角膜表面的角膜测量和中心半径。
IF 2 4区 医学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2025.2596954
Achim Langenbucher, Jascha Wendelstein, Alan Cayless, Peter Hoffmann, Nóra Szentmáry

Purpose: To develop a simple concept for deriving the central corneal radius (RC) from the keratometry (K) or simulated keratometry (SimK) radius (RS) and corneal asphericity (QC), and to show the differences RC-RS based on a large dataset of measurements from a modern anterior segment tomographer.

Methods: Comparing the local slopes of surface representations with a conoid and a reference sphere at the location of a keratometry measurement (diameter KD), RC and RC-RS can be derived as a function of RS, QC and KD. The differences RC-RS were evaluated for a large dataset containing measurements from the Casia 2 tomographer made before cataract surgery.

Results: Depending on QC and KD, RC could deviate from the measured RS by up to 0.1 mm. With prolate corneas RS overestimates RC, and with oblate corneas RS underestimates RC. For example, with a typical cornea with RS = 7.7 mm and QC = -0.22 and a keratometer measuring at KD = 3 mm the central cornea is 0.0322 mm steeper (RC = 7.6678 mm) compared to keratometric measurement. Based on the dataset, the 95% confidence interval of RC-RS with KD = 3 mm was -0.0976 to +0.0265 mm.

Conclusions: For corneal representations with a conoid surface or where central corneal radius is required e.g. for paraxial calculations, the keratometric radius of curvature could easily be converted to the central radius based on corneal asphericity and the keratometric zone diameter. With large positive or negative values of QC the differences RC-RS could be clinically relevant.

目的:建立一个简单的概念,从角膜曲率(K)或模拟角膜曲率(SimK)半径(RS)和角膜非球度(QC)中推导角膜中央半径(RC),并基于现代前段断层仪的大量测量数据显示RC-RS的差异。方法:在角化测量(直径KD)的位置,将表面表征与圆锥体和参考球的局部斜率进行比较,RC和RC-RS可以作为RS, QC和KD的函数导出。RC-RS的差异是通过一个大型数据集来评估的,该数据集包含了白内障手术前Casia 2断层扫描仪的测量结果。结果:根据质量控制和KD的不同,RC与测量的RS偏差可达0.1 mm。对于长形角膜,RS高估了RC,而对于扁形角膜,RS低估了RC。例如,典型的角膜RS = 7.7 mm, QC = -0.22,角膜度数计测量KD = 3 mm时,中央角膜比角膜度数计测量值陡0.0322 mm (RC = 7.6678 mm)。基于数据集,KD = 3 mm的RC-RS的95%置信区间为-0.0976 ~ +0.0265 mm。结论:对于具有圆锥形表面的角膜表征或需要角膜中心半径的地方,例如在近轴计算中,角膜曲率半径可以很容易地根据角膜非球面和角膜区直径转换为中心半径。当QC阳性或阴性值较大时,RC-RS的差异可能具有临床相关性。
{"title":"Keratometry and the Central Radius with Aspheric Corneal Surfaces.","authors":"Achim Langenbucher, Jascha Wendelstein, Alan Cayless, Peter Hoffmann, Nóra Szentmáry","doi":"10.1080/02713683.2025.2596954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02713683.2025.2596954","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To develop a simple concept for deriving the central corneal radius (RC) from the keratometry (K) or simulated keratometry (SimK) radius (RS) and corneal asphericity (QC), and to show the differences RC-RS based on a large dataset of measurements from a modern anterior segment tomographer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Comparing the local slopes of surface representations with a conoid and a reference sphere at the location of a keratometry measurement (diameter KD), RC and RC-RS can be derived as a function of RS, QC and KD. The differences RC-RS were evaluated for a large dataset containing measurements from the Casia 2 tomographer made before cataract surgery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Depending on QC and KD, RC could deviate from the measured RS by up to 0.1 mm. With prolate corneas RS overestimates RC, and with oblate corneas RS underestimates RC. For example, with a typical cornea with RS = 7.7 mm and QC = -0.22 and a keratometer measuring at KD = 3 mm the central cornea is 0.0322 mm steeper (RC = 7.6678 mm) compared to keratometric measurement. Based on the dataset, the 95% confidence interval of RC-RS with KD = 3 mm was -0.0976 to +0.0265 mm.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>For corneal representations with a conoid surface or where central corneal radius is required e.g. for paraxial calculations, the keratometric radius of curvature could easily be converted to the central radius based on corneal asphericity and the keratometric zone diameter. With large positive or negative values of QC the differences RC-RS could be clinically relevant.</p>","PeriodicalId":10782,"journal":{"name":"Current Eye Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145741541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Biomarkers and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies in HSK: Bridging Diagnostics and Treatment. HSK中的生物标志物和新兴治疗策略:连接诊断和治疗。
IF 2 4区 医学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2025.2589345
Satyashree Gagan, Joveeta Joseph

Purpose: Herpes simplex keratitis (HSK) remains a major global cause of corneal blindness, with frequent viral recurrences leading to progressive corneal damage despite the use of antivirals and corticosteroids. This review aims to highlight the limitations of current therapeutic strategies and evaluate emerging prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers that may enable earlier detection, improved disease monitoring, and personalized treatment approaches in HSK.

Methods: A comprehensive review of recent literature was conducted, focusing on studies examining the pathophysiology of HSK, current treatment challenges, and the role of emerging biomarkers in viral entry, replication, inflammation, and corneal tissue remodeling. Particular emphasis was placed on evaluating the clinical utility of aptamer-based detection tools, heparanase activity assays, and matrix metalloproteinase profiles in diagnosing and predicting HSK severity and recurrence.

Results: Evidence indicates that while antivirals and corticosteroids remain essential for managing acute HSK episodes, their effectiveness is limited by high recurrence rates and the adverse effects associated with prolonged steroid use. Biomarkers such as aptamers, heparanase, and matrix metalloproteinases show strong potential as tools for early detection, monitoring viral activity, and assessing disease severity. These biomarkers correlate with key pathogenic mechanisms, suggesting their utility in therapeutic strategies.

Conclusion: Conventional HSK management is hindered by treatment-related complications. Integrating these biomarkers into clinical practice may help preserve corneal structure, and ultimately improve visual outcomes for patients with HSK.

目的:单纯疱疹性角膜炎(HSK)仍然是全球角膜失明的主要原因,尽管使用抗病毒药物和皮质类固醇,但病毒频繁复发导致进行性角膜损伤。本综述旨在强调当前治疗策略的局限性,并评估新出现的预后和诊断生物标志物,这些生物标志物可能有助于HSK的早期检测、改善疾病监测和个性化治疗方法。方法:对近期文献进行全面回顾,重点研究HSK的病理生理、目前的治疗挑战,以及新兴生物标志物在病毒进入、复制、炎症和角膜组织重塑中的作用。特别强调的是评估基于适配体的检测工具、肝素酶活性测定和基质金属蛋白酶谱在诊断和预测HSK严重程度和复发方面的临床应用。结果:有证据表明,尽管抗病毒药物和皮质类固醇对于控制急性HSK发作仍然至关重要,但它们的有效性受到高复发率和长期使用类固醇相关的不良反应的限制。适配体、肝素酶和基质金属蛋白酶等生物标志物显示出作为早期检测、监测病毒活性和评估疾病严重程度工具的强大潜力。这些生物标志物与关键的致病机制相关,表明它们在治疗策略中的效用。结论:常规HSK治疗受到治疗相关并发症的阻碍。将这些生物标志物整合到临床实践中可能有助于保护角膜结构,并最终改善HSK患者的视力结果。
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引用次数: 0
Visual Function in Children with ADHD: Clinical Findings and the Mediating Role of Psychostimulant Medication. ADHD儿童的视觉功能:临床表现和精神兴奋剂药物的中介作用。
IF 2 4区 医学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2025.2597421
Rubén Molina, Jesús Vera, Carolina Ortiz, Antonio Molina-Carballo, Raimundo Jiménez, Beatriz Redondo

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the visual function, using standard optometric clinical procedures, between children with ADHD and healthy controls, and to examine the mediating role of psychostimulant medication. This work aims to provide clinically relevant evidence that may contribute to a better management of children with ADHD in eye care settings.

Methods: A total of 112 children aged 6 to 14 years old were divided into three different groups: 58 non-medicated ADHD children, 22 medicated ADHD children, and 32 age-matched controls. A series of visual variables commonly assessed in clinical practice (i.e. refractive error, visual performance, accommodation, and binocular system) were measured according to standard procedures.

Results: Statistically significant differences were observed for contrast sensitivity (p-value = 0.014), with the control group showing better results. Regarding accommodative and binocular parameters, only the accommodative facility showed a statistically significant (p = 0.048) tendency toward a worse ability to change accommodative focus in children with ADHD compared to controls. Psychostimulant treatment did not have any effect on visual function (p > 0.05 in all cases).

Conclusions: From all the variables assessed, only accommodation facility and contrast sensitivity appear to differ from the control group, and these appear to be independent of psychostimulant treatment in children with ADHD.

目的:本研究的目的是使用标准验光临床程序比较ADHD儿童和健康对照组的视觉功能,并检查精神兴奋剂药物的中介作用。这项工作的目的是提供临床相关的证据,可能有助于更好地管理儿童多动症在眼科保健设置。方法:将112例6 ~ 14岁儿童分为3组:未服药ADHD儿童58例,服药ADHD儿童22例,对照组32例。根据标准程序测量临床实践中常用的一系列视觉变量(即屈光不正、视觉表现、适应性和双眼系统)。结果:两组对比敏感度差异有统计学意义(p值= 0.014),对照组效果更好。在调节和双眼参数方面,只有调节设施与对照组相比,ADHD儿童的调节焦点改变能力更差,有统计学意义(p = 0.048)。精神兴奋剂治疗对视觉功能无明显影响(p < 0.05)。结论:从所有评估的变量来看,只有住宿设施和对比敏感性与对照组不同,这些似乎与ADHD儿童的精神兴奋剂治疗无关。
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引用次数: 0
TSLP-Associated Allergic Conjunctiva Inflammation in a Novel Mouse Model Induced by Dual Antigens: Orchard Grass and Alternaria. 双抗原诱导小鼠tslp相关的变应性结膜炎症
IF 2 4区 医学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2025.2595115
Akira Hirota, Jun Shoji, Noriko Inada, Akiko Tomioka, Satoru Yamagami

Purpose: To investigate innate and adaptive immune responses in allergic conjunctivitis induced by simultaneous sensitization with Orchard grass and Alternaria antigens.

Materials and methods: An experimental allergic conjunctivitis (EAC) mouse model was developed by instilling mixed antigen solutions of Orchard grass and Alternaria antigens after sensitization via intraperitoneal administration of a mixed antigen solution. BALB/cj mice were divided into four groups based on sensitization and number of antigen eye drop instillations: (1) A1 group (single instillation without intraperitoneal administration), (2) S1 group (single instillation with intraperitoneal administration), (3) M1 group (three instillations with intraperitoneal administration), (4) C group (negative control with receiving neither instillation nor intraperitoneal administration). Clinical observations and histological examinations for eosinophils were performed, and eosinophil density in the conjunctival tissue was quantified. Gene expression levels of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), interleukins (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-16, and IL-33), and CCL11/eotaxin-1 in the conjunctiva were evaluated using real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.

Results: The clinical symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis were observed in the A1, S1, and M1 groups. Eosinophil density at 1 h after the last instillation was significantly higher in the A1, S1, and M1 groups compared to the C group (p < 0.01), with the M1 group showing higher density than the S1 group (p < 0.01). Conjunctival TSLP messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels were increased in the sensitized (S1 and M1) groups compared to the C group (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively), with the M1 group exhibiting higher expression than the S1 group (p < 0.01). Additionally, mRNA expression levels of IL-16 and CCL11 in the M1 group were significantly higher than those in the A1 group.

Conclusions: Allergic conjunctivitis induced by Orchard grass and Alternaria antigens is characterized by early eosinophil infiltration, and TSLP upregulation exacerbates the allergic inflammation in the conjunctiva.

目的:探讨果园草和互花草抗原同时致敏诱导的过敏性结膜炎的先天免疫和适应性免疫反应。材料与方法:通过腹腔注射混合抗原溶液致敏后,灌注果园草和Alternaria抗原混合抗原溶液,建立实验性过敏性结膜炎(EAC)小鼠模型。根据致敏性和滴注抗原滴眼液次数将BALB/cj小鼠分为4组:(1)A1组(单次滴注,不腹腔给药),(2)S1组(单次滴注,腹腔给药),(3)M1组(三次滴注,腹腔给药),(4)C组(不滴注,不腹腔给药的阴性对照)。进行临床观察和嗜酸性粒细胞组织学检查,定量结膜组织嗜酸性粒细胞密度。采用实时逆转录酶聚合酶链反应检测结膜中胸腺基质淋巴生成素(TSLP)、白细胞介素(IL-4、IL-5、IL-13、IL-16和IL-33)和CCL11/eotaxin-1的基因表达水平。结果:观察A1、S1、M1组变应性结膜炎的临床症状。最后一次给药后1 h, A1、S1和M1组的嗜酸性粒细胞密度显著高于C组(p p p p p p)。结论:果园草和互花菌抗原诱导的变应性结膜炎具有嗜酸性粒细胞早期浸润的特点,TSLP的上调加重了结膜的变应性炎症。
{"title":"TSLP-Associated Allergic Conjunctiva Inflammation in a Novel Mouse Model Induced by Dual Antigens: Orchard Grass and Alternaria.","authors":"Akira Hirota, Jun Shoji, Noriko Inada, Akiko Tomioka, Satoru Yamagami","doi":"10.1080/02713683.2025.2595115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02713683.2025.2595115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate innate and adaptive immune responses in allergic conjunctivitis induced by simultaneous sensitization with Orchard grass and <i>Alternaria</i> antigens.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>An experimental allergic conjunctivitis (EAC) mouse model was developed by instilling mixed antigen solutions of Orchard grass and <i>Alternaria</i> antigens after sensitization <i>via</i> intraperitoneal administration of a mixed antigen solution. BALB/cj mice were divided into four groups based on sensitization and number of antigen eye drop instillations: (1) A1 group (single instillation without intraperitoneal administration), (2) S1 group (single instillation with intraperitoneal administration), (3) M1 group (three instillations with intraperitoneal administration), (4) C group (negative control with receiving neither instillation nor intraperitoneal administration). Clinical observations and histological examinations for eosinophils were performed, and eosinophil density in the conjunctival tissue was quantified. Gene expression levels of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), interleukins (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-16, and IL-33), and CCL11/eotaxin-1 in the conjunctiva were evaluated using real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The clinical symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis were observed in the A1, S1, and M1 groups. Eosinophil density at 1 h after the last instillation was significantly higher in the A1, S1, and M1 groups compared to the C group (<i>p</i> < 0.01), with the M1 group showing higher density than the S1 group (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Conjunctival TSLP messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels were increased in the sensitized (S1 and M1) groups compared to the C group (<i>p</i> < 0.01 and <i>p</i> < 0.05, respectively), with the M1 group exhibiting higher expression than the S1 group (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Additionally, mRNA expression levels of IL-16 and CCL11 in the M1 group were significantly higher than those in the A1 group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Allergic conjunctivitis induced by Orchard grass and <i>Alternaria</i> antigens is characterized by early eosinophil infiltration, and TSLP upregulation exacerbates the allergic inflammation in the conjunctiva.</p>","PeriodicalId":10782,"journal":{"name":"Current Eye Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145707575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Macromolecular Differences in the Extracellular Matrix Between Normal and Keratoconus Human Corneas: An Ex Vivo Study. 正常人和圆锥角膜细胞外基质的大分子差异:离体研究。
IF 2 4区 医学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2025.2598813
Murilo B Peres, Joyce L Covre, Larissa R da Rosa, Priscila C Cristovam, Renan P Cavalheiro, Yara M Michelaccci, Mauro Campos

Purpose: To analyze proteoglycans and other extracellular matrix macromolecules from normal (NL) and keratoconus (KC) human corneas.

Methods: Corneas from eye banks (NL) and penetrating keratoplasty (KC) were obtained. Halves of the corneas were fixed and prepared for immunofluorescence using confocal microscopy; the other halves were subjected to macromolecule extraction with GuHCl for protein quantification, macromolecule identification by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS-PAGE) and western blotting, and quantification by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results: In the study population (N = 8 for NL and N = 12 for KC), there was no difference in sex, laterality, wet weight, or preservation time, but only in age. Western blotting detected keratan sulfate (KS), decorin, and lumican in both groups, with structural differences in decorin in the KC group. The mean protein concentration by corneal wet weight was significantly lower in the KC group. The mean concentrations of decorin, lumican, and KS did not show any difference between the groups when normalized by wet weight but showed a higher concentration in the KC group when normalized by μg of extracted protein. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed a similar macromolecular distribution among the groups.

Conclusions: In corneas with KC, non-collagenous proteins decreased without affecting decorin, lumican, or KS levels, which were relatively increased. In addition, decorin was highly glycosylated.

目的:分析正常人(NL)和圆锥角膜(KC)角膜的蛋白多糖和其他细胞外基质大分子。方法:从眼库(NL)和穿透性角膜移植术(KC)中获得角膜。固定一半角膜,用共聚焦显微镜制备免疫荧光;另一半用谷盐酸提取大分子进行蛋白定量,用十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)和western blotting进行大分子鉴定,用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)进行定量。结果:在研究人群中(NL = 8, KC = 12),性别、侧边、湿重或保存时间没有差异,只有年龄不同。Western blotting检测两组硫酸角蛋白(keratan sulfate, KS)、decorin和lumican, KC组decorin结构存在差异。KC组角膜湿重平均蛋白浓度显著降低。以湿重归一化处理后,各组间decorin、lumican和KS的平均浓度无显著差异,但以提取蛋白μg归一化处理后,KC组的decorin、lumican和KS的平均浓度较高。免疫荧光分析显示各组间大分子分布相似。结论:在角膜KC中,非胶原蛋白减少,但不影响decorin, lumican或KS水平,后者相对增加。此外,decorin高度糖基化。
{"title":"Macromolecular Differences in the Extracellular Matrix Between Normal and Keratoconus Human Corneas: An <i>Ex Vivo</i> Study.","authors":"Murilo B Peres, Joyce L Covre, Larissa R da Rosa, Priscila C Cristovam, Renan P Cavalheiro, Yara M Michelaccci, Mauro Campos","doi":"10.1080/02713683.2025.2598813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02713683.2025.2598813","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To analyze proteoglycans and other extracellular matrix macromolecules from normal (NL) and keratoconus (KC) human corneas.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Corneas from eye banks (NL) and penetrating keratoplasty (KC) were obtained. Halves of the corneas were fixed and prepared for immunofluorescence using confocal microscopy; the other halves were subjected to macromolecule extraction with GuHCl for protein quantification, macromolecule identification by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS-PAGE) and western blotting, and quantification by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the study population (<i>N</i> = 8 for NL and <i>N</i> = 12 for KC), there was no difference in sex, laterality, wet weight, or preservation time, but only in age. Western blotting detected keratan sulfate (KS), decorin, and lumican in both groups, with structural differences in decorin in the KC group. The mean protein concentration by corneal wet weight was significantly lower in the KC group. The mean concentrations of decorin, lumican, and KS did not show any difference between the groups when normalized by wet weight but showed a higher concentration in the KC group when normalized by μg of extracted protein. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed a similar macromolecular distribution among the groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In corneas with KC, non-collagenous proteins decreased without affecting decorin, lumican, or KS levels, which were relatively increased. In addition, decorin was highly glycosylated.</p>","PeriodicalId":10782,"journal":{"name":"Current Eye Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145707484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Schirmer Strips in Tear Metabolomics of Dry Eye Disease: Pre-analytical and Analytical Considerations. 干眼病泪液代谢组学中的Schirmer条带:分析前和分析后的考虑。
IF 2 4区 医学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2025.2596213
Mazyar Yazdani, Katja Benedikte Prestø Elgstøen, Tor Paaske Utheim

Purpose: Dry eye disease (DED) is a prevalent ocular surface condition characterized by tear film instability and inflammation, significantly impacting patients' quality of life. While the Schirmer test remains a key diagnostic tool, Schirmer strips are increasingly used for tear fluid collection in metabolomics studies aimed at, e.g. identifying biomarkers for DED. However, both pre-analytical and analytical variables inherent to Schirmer strip use can compromise data integrity and hamper reproducibility.

Methods: For this review, the PubMed database and Google Scholar were searched for published human studies in English relevant to pre-analytical and analytical aspects of tear metabolomics, especially from dry eye patients, when tear samples were collected with Schirmer strips.

Results: This article discusses the critical pre-analytical factors, including variability in Schirmer strip materials, tear sampling techniques, storage conditions, and potential contamination, that influence metabolomic data quality. Analytical considerations are also examined, with particular focus on volume-adjusted extraction protocols that address tear volume variability.

Conclusion: We conclude that standardized guidelines for Schirmer strip use, covering material selection, sampling protocols, storage, and extraction, are urgently needed to advance tear metabolomics as a reliable clinical and research tool. Future research should focus on validating these recommendations in multi-center studies, exploring inter-individual variability, and developing innovative analytical workflows to optimize metabolite recovery and quantification. Such efforts will enhance the translational potential of tear metabolomics, paving the way for biomarker discovery and improved management of DED.

目的:干眼病(Dry eye disease, DED)是一种常见的眼表疾病,以泪膜不稳定和炎症为特征,严重影响患者的生活质量。虽然Schirmer测试仍然是一个关键的诊断工具,但Schirmer试纸越来越多地用于泪液收集的代谢组学研究,例如鉴定DED的生物标志物。然而,分析前和分析变量固有的Schirmer条的使用会损害数据的完整性和妨碍再现性。方法:在本综述中,检索PubMed数据库和谷歌Scholar,检索已发表的与泪液代谢组学分析前和分析方面相关的英文人类研究,特别是干眼症患者的泪液样本,使用Schirmer泪液条收集。结果:本文讨论了影响代谢组学数据质量的关键分析前因素,包括席尔默条带材料的可变性、泪液取样技术、储存条件和潜在污染。分析方面的考虑也进行了检查,特别侧重于解决泪液体积可变性的体积调整提取方案。结论:我们得出结论,迫切需要制定一套标准的泪条使用指南,包括材料选择、取样方案、储存和提取,以促进泪液代谢组学成为一种可靠的临床和研究工具。未来的研究应侧重于在多中心研究中验证这些建议,探索个体间的差异,并开发创新的分析工作流程来优化代谢物的恢复和定量。这些努力将增强泪液代谢组学的转化潜力,为发现生物标志物和改善DED的管理铺平道路。
{"title":"Schirmer Strips in Tear Metabolomics of Dry Eye Disease: Pre-analytical and Analytical Considerations.","authors":"Mazyar Yazdani, Katja Benedikte Prestø Elgstøen, Tor Paaske Utheim","doi":"10.1080/02713683.2025.2596213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02713683.2025.2596213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Dry eye disease (DED) is a prevalent ocular surface condition characterized by tear film instability and inflammation, significantly impacting patients' quality of life. While the Schirmer test remains a key diagnostic tool, Schirmer strips are increasingly used for tear fluid collection in metabolomics studies aimed at, e.g. identifying biomarkers for DED. However, both pre-analytical and analytical variables inherent to Schirmer strip use can compromise data integrity and hamper reproducibility.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>For this review, the PubMed database and Google Scholar were searched for published human studies in English relevant to pre-analytical and analytical aspects of tear metabolomics, especially from dry eye patients, when tear samples were collected with Schirmer strips.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This article discusses the critical pre-analytical factors, including variability in Schirmer strip materials, tear sampling techniques, storage conditions, and potential contamination, that influence metabolomic data quality. Analytical considerations are also examined, with particular focus on volume-adjusted extraction protocols that address tear volume variability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We conclude that standardized guidelines for Schirmer strip use, covering material selection, sampling protocols, storage, and extraction, are urgently needed to advance tear metabolomics as a reliable clinical and research tool. Future research should focus on validating these recommendations in multi-center studies, exploring inter-individual variability, and developing innovative analytical workflows to optimize metabolite recovery and quantification. Such efforts will enhance the translational potential of tear metabolomics, paving the way for biomarker discovery and improved management of DED.</p>","PeriodicalId":10782,"journal":{"name":"Current Eye Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145667399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Current Eye Research
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