Current Eye Research最新文献

Purpose: This study assesses the diluted Schirmer method's effectiveness in collecting tears from dry eye syndrome patients, aiming to identify the most suitable tear collection technique for them.

Methods: A prospective study. Tear samples were collected from patients with dry eye syndrome and healthy individuals using two methods: (1) Direct Schirmer Method: Schirmer strips were directly inserted into the eye to collect tears. (2) Diluted Schirmer Method: After instilling physiological saline into the eye and waiting for 30 s to ensure thorough mixing with tears, Schirmer strips were used for collection. Tear samples from both groups were analyzed and compared for total protein and cytokine levels (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α).

Results: (1) The study included 32 participants: 16 with dry eye syndrome (4 males, 12 females, average age 34.92 ± 10.13 years) and 16 healthy controls (5 males, 11 females, average age 32.25 ± 9.87 years). (2) The diluted Schirmer method produced a significantly larger tear volume compared to the direct method (p < 0.05), with lower Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores indicating less discomfort (p < 0.05). (3) The average total protein content of the two groups was 51.70 ± 3.166 ng measured by Direct Schirmer method, and the average total protein content of the Diluted Schirmer method was 50.05 ± 3.263 ng. There was no statistical difference between the two groups. (t = 1.051, p = 0.3098) (4) The concentrations of total tear protein and various cytokines measured by both methods were higher in the dry eye group compared to the normal group, with statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). Both methods reflected consistent changes in tear protein profiles.

Conclusion: The diluted Schirmer method can comfortably collect an adequate volume of tear samples in a short time and consistently reflect changes in tear proteins, making it an effective method for tear collection in patients with dry eye syndrome.

Purpose: Melatonin has promising protective effects for retinopathy. However, its roles in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We aimed to explore its roles and mechanisms in a ROP model.

Methods: Hematoxylin and eosin staining were used to observe the morphology of the retina. Immunofluorescence was used to detect positive (Nrf2+ and VEGF+) cells. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the level of nuclear expression of PCNA in retinal tissue. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) was used to observe the morphology and structure of pigment cells. qRT-PCR was used to assay the expression of miR-23a-3p, Nrf2, and HO-1. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of Nrf2, HO-1, β-actin, and Lamin B1.

Results: Melatonin or miR-23a-3p antagomir treatment could ameliorate the Oxygen-induced pathological changes, increased the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1, SOD, and GSH-Px, and decreased the expression of VEGF, miR-23a-3p, MDA and the apoptosis in the ROP model. Further target prediction and luciferase reporter assays confirmed the targeted binding relationship between miR-23a-3p and Nrf2.

Conclusion: Our study showed that melatonin could ameliorate H₂O₂-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress injury in RGC cells by mediating miR-23a-3p/Nrf2 signaling pathway, thereby improving retinal degeneration.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of monocular and bilateral injections of Dexamethasone-21-acetate (Dex-21-Ac) into the murine fornix twice a week as a glucocorticoid-induced ocular hypertension model and investigated potential systemic side effects.

Methods: Dex-21-Ac was administered twice weekly in three groups: bilateral injections, monocular injections, and a control group receiving the vehicle solution bilateral. After 21 days, enucleated eyes were examined using immunocytochemistry (ICC), and organ histology was performed.

Results: All groups receiving Dex-21-Ac injections had a significant increase in intraocular pressure (IOP). Monocular injections also resulted in a significant increase in IOP in the fellow eye. The Dex-21-Ac-treated groups showed a bilateral increase in IOP of approximately 8 mmHg, accompanied by elevated expression of alpha smooth muscle actin and fibronectin in the anterior chamber angle. There were no significant changes in weight progression. Hepatic steatosis was observed in all Dex-21-Ac-treated animals, and some suffered from residual neuromuscular blockade under fentanyl anesthesia.

Conclusion: Bilateral injections of Dex-21-Ac twice a week lead to a significant increase in daytime IOP and fibrotic changes in the trabecular meshwork. Unilateral application has a significant impact on the fellow eye. Local dexamethasone leads to notable systemic effects independent of changes in animal weight. Considering liver damage and associated influence on metabolization, hepatically eliminated injection anesthetics may lead to overdosing and are not recommended. They should be replaced by inhalation anesthesia.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to observe the macular pigment optical density (MPOD) and the relationship between MPOD and retinal thickness in Chinese primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) patients by the one-wavelength reflectometry method.

Methods: This study was a prospective comparative observational study, including 39 eyes from 39 PACG patients (15 men and 24 women, mean age 61.89 ± 12.30) and 41 eyes from 41 controls (20 men and 21 women, mean age 63.24 ± 14.02). We measured the MPOD 7-degree area by the one-wavelength reflectometry method and analyzed both the max and mean optical density (OD). The central retinal thickness (CRT) and the total thickness of the macular ganglion cell layer (GCL), and inner plexiform layer (IPL)were measured by spectral-domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Statistical methods such as Shapiro-Wilk test, Fisher's exact test, chi-square test, two independent samples test and Spearman's correlation coefficient were used to observe the differences in the MPOD between normal subjects and PACG patients and the correlation between the MPOD and retinal thickness.

Results: The max optical density (Max OD) (PACG group: 0.302 ± 0.067d.u, control group: 0.372 ± 0.059d.u., p < .001) and mean optical density (Mean OD) (PACG group: 0.124 ± 0.035d.u., control group: 0.141 ± 0.028d.u., p < 0.05) were significantly reduced in PACG patients compared with control subjects. Significant decreases in GCL + IPL thickness (PACG group: 74.71 ± 39.56 μm, control group:113.61 ± 8.14 μm, p < 0.001) and CRT (PACG group: 254.49 ± 41.47 μm, control group:329.10 ± 18.57 μm, p < 0.001) were also observed in PACG eyes. There was no statistically significant correlation between the MPOD and GCL + IPL thickness (p = .639, p = .828).

Conclusions: MPOD was significantly lower in Chinese PACG patients than in the control group, potentially due to thinning of the GCL + IPL thickness. This study provides insights for the pathophysiology, assessment of PACG and potential guidance for lifestyle modifications.

Purpose: This study presents a novel sutureless closure approach for sclerotomies following pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and assesses its efficacy and safety.

Methods: A total of 142 eyes were included in the study. PPV procedures were performed using 23-gauge (23 G) or 25-gauge (25 G) systems. Preoperative characteristics, intraoperative findings, and postoperative outcomes were documented.

Results: The cohort included 80 males and 62 females (mean age: 60.4 ± 12 years), primarily undergoing surgery for retinal detachment (59%). Among the patients, 87% underwent 25 G PPV (35% three-port, 52% four-port), while 13% underwent 23 G PPV (12% three-port, 1% four-port). Gas tamponade was administered in all cases, with perfluoropropane used in 45.7% of instances, sulfur hexafluoride in 29.5%, and air in 24.6%. Spontaneous closure was observed in 9.4% (47 of 501) of sclerotomies, autologous-fibrin induction approach successfully closed 75.8% (380 of 501) of the sclerotomies (83.7% of leaking sclerotomies) and 14.7% (74 of 501) of sclerotomies needed sutures. Visual acuity improved postoperatively, and first-day hypotony rate was 6.3%. Importantly, no serious complications such as choroidal detachment or endophthalmitis were observed during the postoperative period.

Conclusion: The autologous-fibrin induction offers a simple, cost-efficient, and reliable approach for sutureless sclerotomy closure in PPV, with promising outcomes.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the protective or therapeutic effect of thymoquinone (TQ) in a retinal degeneration rat model and its relationships with the retina ultrastructure, heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), caspase-3, and RPE65 expressions and to determine whether TQ has a therapeutic effect at the biochemical level.

Methods: A total of 25 adult Wistar albino rats were divided into the following treatment groups: saline (control: CONT), CO (corn oil), sodium iodate (SI), TQ + SI, and SI + TQ injection groups. Retina morphology, RPE65, HO-1, and caspase-3 expression levels were evaluated using immunohistochemistry, and optical density was determined using ImageJ. Ultrastructural evaluations were performed with electron microscopy. Thiol-disulfide homeostatic parameters were examined in serum samples.

Results: Outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness was significantly higher in the SI + TQ group compared to the SI group. The RPE65 expression significantly decreased in the SI group compared with the CONT and CO groups. A significant increase in RPE65 expression level and a significant decrease in caspase-3 expression level were found in the SI + TQ group compared with the SI group. The increase in HO-1 expression level was significantly higher in the TQ treatment groups, particularly in the SI + TQ group. In the SI and TQ + SI groups, the ONL thickness significantly decreased with a significant increase in caspase-3 expression compared to the CONT and CO groups. In the treatment groups, decreased organelle damage was observed on electron microscopy. In the SI + TQ group, the disulfide/native thiol and disulfide/total thiol ratios were significantly lower than all other groups, while the native/total thiol ratio was significantly higher than the other experimental groups.

Conclusions: The present study provides evidence that continuous TQ treatment can increase HO-1 and RPE65 expression and decrease apoptosis (caspase-3 levels), thereby preserving the retina at the ultrastructural level. Moreover, TQ administration can maintain thiol/disulfide homeostasis in SI-induced retinal degeneration-modelled rats.

Purpose: It is well-known that patients' perceptions of their disease can impact management strategies and disease outcomes. Limited knowledge exists on such perceptions in dry eye disease (DED) and the role of language in these perceptions. Herein, we compared the perceptions about DED between Spanish- and English-speaking patients.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 146 patients with DED who underwent ophthalmic evaluation and completed questionnaires assessing their perceptions of DED on a 10-point scale during their routine appointments. Perceptions included opinions on the level of satisfaction with understanding of DED, ease of following doctor's advice, effectiveness of treatment, satisfaction with DED care, and outlook on DED. Perceptions were categorized as low (scores 0-2), moderate (scores 3-7), and high (scores 8-10). The percentage of patients with high perception scores were then compared between Spanish- and English-speaking patients.

Results: There were 48 Spanish speakers and 98 English speakers. Overall, high scores of DED perceptions were identified in 47.9% for satisfaction with the level of understanding of DED, 72.6% for ease of following doctor's advice, 52.1% for helpfulness of DED treatment, 64.4% for satisfaction with DED care, and 52.1% for optimistic outlook on DED. High scores for satisfaction with the level of understanding of DED were significantly lower in Spanish speakers (27.1%) than English speakers (58.2%, p < .001). No significant differences were observed in other perceptions between Spanish- and English-speaking participants.

Conclusions: Spanish-speaking subjects reported lower satisfaction with their understanding of DED than English speakers. Clinicians should provide health services and educational materials in the patient's preferred language to minimize barriers to understanding their disease.

Purpose: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most severe and common complications caused by diabetic mellites. Inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation displays a crucial therapeutic value in DR. Studies have shown that KCNQ1OT1 plays a critical role in regulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation and participates in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. The present study aims to explore the role, and the potential mechanism of KCNQ1OT1 in regulating the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in DR.

Methods: qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of KCNQ1OT1, miR-17-5p, TXNIP, NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1 and IL-1β. Western blot was performed to detect the expression of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β and TXNIP. Immunohistochemistry and immunostaining were performed to detect the expression of caspase-1. The levels of the inflammatory cytokine IL-1β were determined by ELISA assay. FISH was used to detect the subcellular localisation of KCNQ1OT1. Bioinformatic analysis, luciferase reporter assay and in vitro studies were performed to elucidate the mechanism of KCNQ1OT1-mediated dysfunction.

Results: The expression of KCNQ1OT1 and the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome were increased in experimental DR models. KCNQ1OT1 knockdown alleviated NLRP3 inflammasome-associated molecules expression. In addition, KCNQ1OT1 was found to be localized mainly in the cytoplasm of Müller cells and facilitated TXNIP expression by acting as a miR-17-5p sponge. KCNQ1OT1 promoted the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome through miR-17-5p/TXNIP axis.

Conclusions: In conclusion, it was found in this study that KCNQ1OT1 promoted the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome both in vitro and in vivo, which was mediated by miR-17-5p/TXNIP axis. KCNQ1OT1 might be an effective interference target for the prevention and treatment of DR.

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the expression profile of miR-185-5p in proliferative DR (PDR), and further evaluate its diagnostic value and possible mechanism of miR-185-5p in PDR.

Methods: The level of miR-185-5p was detected by qRT-PCR. The ROC curve was established to estimate the diagnostic ability of miR-185-5p. Transwell experiment and cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assays were conducted to assess the effect of miR-185-5p on the migration and proliferation of human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) induced by high glucose. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the concentrations of inflammatory factors. The luciferase reporter gene experiment was used to prove the interaction between miR-185-5p and CXCR4.

Results: Compared to the control group, the expression of miR-185-5p was significantly up-regulated in both the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) group and the PDR groups, with higher levels in the PDR group than in the T2DM group. The ROC curve reveals that serum miR-185-5p can distinguish PDR patients from T2DM patients. MiR-185-5p levels in HRECs increased significantly after high glucose induction. High glucose induction also promoted the migration, proliferation and inflammation response of HRECs. However, when the intracellular miR-185-5p level was down-regulated by miR-185-5p inhibitor transfection, these effects were inhibited. The luciferase reporter gene assay showed that miR-185-5p directly targets CXCR4.

Conclusion: The expression of miR-185-5p is out of balance in PDR and it may be involved in regulating the migration and proliferation of HRECs by regulating CXCR4.