Pub Date : 2023-05-15DOI: 10.36962/piretc24032023-100
Yashar Hajiyev Yashar Hajiyev
Mass development of the latest applications for the famous 19 services of the Internet of things (IOT) becomes dominant a factor in the intellectually intensive segments of automation of technological systems. IoT is supported by regulatory switching of IoT components and devices to the Internet for information exchange with these facilities in order to control and regulate their functional modes. Our article prescribes the use of fiber optic sensors devices that can be equipped with technological and industrial installations in order to monitor them and detect deviations from operating modes. The development of fiber optic communication and monitoring devices makes IOT systems easily manageable and remotely adjustable. The integration of devices for reading technological parameters and their further transmission over a fiber optic network gives rise to several problems that were analyzed in detail in the article. In this regard, it can be established that fiber optic IOT has a broad development perspective. This article describes the current capabilities of the Internet of Things, and the constituent components of the Internet of Things, and also presents the theoretical premises that underlie the Internet of Things. Keywords: Internet of things, fiber-optical sensor, fiber network, signal processing, home safety monitoring, technological parameters acquisition.
{"title":"FIBER OPTICAL SENSORS FOR IOT FACILITIES","authors":"Yashar Hajiyev Yashar Hajiyev","doi":"10.36962/piretc24032023-100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/piretc24032023-100","url":null,"abstract":"Mass development of the latest applications for the famous 19 services of the Internet of things (IOT) becomes dominant a factor in the intellectually intensive segments of automation of technological systems. IoT is supported by regulatory switching of IoT components and devices to the Internet for information exchange with these facilities in order to control and regulate their functional modes. Our article prescribes the use of fiber optic sensors devices that can be equipped with technological and industrial installations in order to monitor them and detect deviations from operating modes. The development of fiber optic communication and monitoring devices makes IOT systems easily manageable and remotely adjustable. \u0000The integration of devices for reading technological parameters and their further transmission over a fiber optic network gives rise to several problems that were analyzed in detail in the article. In this regard, it can be established that fiber optic IOT has a broad development perspective. This article describes the current capabilities of the Internet of Things, and the constituent components of the Internet of Things, and also presents the theoretical premises that underlie the Internet of Things.\u0000Keywords: Internet of things, fiber-optical sensor, fiber network, signal processing, home safety monitoring, technological parameters acquisition.","PeriodicalId":107886,"journal":{"name":"PIRETC-Proceeding of The International Research Education & Training Centre","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126205142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper a method for detecting six specific hand movement events in a 32-component brain EEG signal by using an ensemble of convolutional neural networks (CN) as a multiclass classifier is considered. The paper proposes and empirically evaluates several options for the architecture of convolutional neural networks, as well as an ensemble that combines the proposed options for the architecture of convolutional neural networks, using a blending algorithm and a final classifier based on logistic regression. The advantages of the chosen classification method for the problem being solved are shown. The results obtained make it possible to say that the use of a classifier in the form of an ensemble of several models of convolutional neural networks allows one to effectively identify characteristic features in the initial EEG signals, and at the output of the classifier to obtain the probabilities that the input signal belongs to one of the given classes of hand movements. The use of the blending algorithm makes it possible to obtain optimal classification results by integrating the best estimates of several models, which individually on the entire test set may give a non-optimal result.
{"title":"DETECTİON OF HAND MOVEMENTS BY ANALYZING EEG SIGNALS USING CNN","authors":"Aynur Jabiyeva, Mardaxay Ravinov Aynur Jabiyeva, Mardaxay Ravinov","doi":"10.36962/piretc24032023-117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/piretc24032023-117","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper a method for detecting six specific hand movement events in a 32-component brain EEG signal by using an ensemble of convolutional neural networks (CN) as a multiclass classifier is considered. The paper proposes and empirically evaluates several options for the architecture of convolutional neural networks, as well as an ensemble that combines the proposed options for the architecture of convolutional neural networks, using a blending algorithm and a final classifier based on logistic regression. The advantages of the chosen classification method for the problem being solved are shown. The results obtained make it possible to say that the use of a classifier in the form of an ensemble of several models of convolutional neural networks allows one to effectively identify characteristic features in the initial EEG signals, and at the output of the classifier to obtain the probabilities that the input signal belongs to one of the given classes of hand movements. The use of the blending algorithm makes it possible to obtain optimal classification results by integrating the best estimates of several models, which individually on the entire test set may give a non-optimal result.","PeriodicalId":107886,"journal":{"name":"PIRETC-Proceeding of The International Research Education & Training Centre","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126973648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-15DOI: 10.36962/piretc24032023-82
Laman Niftaliyeva Laman Niftaliyeva
Currently, ultrasound machines are widely used in hospitals for the first diagnosis of various pathologies. There is also an ultrasound Doppler method to determine and monitor blood flow. Through this method, it is possible to get information about the general condition of the veins and whether there are any problems during the examination of the veins in the clinic. But, it does not have the ability to continuously monitor the condition of the veins. Continuous monitoring of blood flow rate will facilitate the work of doctors during post-operative monitoring or diagnosis of the patient's condition. At the same time, traditional ultrasound transducers may not be comfortable for post-operative examinations. In this article, a number of difficulties encountered during examinations conducted using a conventional ultrasound machine were investigated. At the same time, as a solution to these difficulties, one of the newest technologies of the modern era, the new generation ultrasound machine “USM patch”, its main features and advantages were discussed. This device, based on the working principle of the Doppler effect, is suitable for continuous monitoring of the absolute speed of blood flow in the arteries of the deep layers. It is lightweight, small in size, and has the potential to increase the accuracy and quality of the examination. Keywords: Blood Flow Sensor, movement of red blood cells, Doppler effect, ultrasound machine, Doppler ultrasound patch, biodegradable sensor, automatic
{"title":"RESEARCH NEW GENERATION ULTRASOUND TECHNOLOGIES IN BLOOD FLOW\u0000MONITORING","authors":"Laman Niftaliyeva Laman Niftaliyeva","doi":"10.36962/piretc24032023-82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/piretc24032023-82","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, ultrasound machines are widely used in hospitals for the first diagnosis of various pathologies. There is also an ultrasound Doppler method to determine and monitor blood flow. Through this method, it is possible to get information about the general condition of the veins and whether there are any problems during the examination of the veins in the clinic. But, it does not have the ability to continuously monitor the condition of the veins. Continuous monitoring of blood flow rate will facilitate the work of doctors during post-operative monitoring or diagnosis of the patient's condition. At the same time, traditional ultrasound transducers may not be comfortable for post-operative examinations. In this article, a number of difficulties encountered during examinations conducted using a conventional ultrasound machine were investigated. At the same time, as a solution to these difficulties, one of the newest technologies of the modern era, the new generation ultrasound machine “USM patch”, its main features and advantages were discussed. This device, based on the working principle of the Doppler effect, is suitable for continuous monitoring of the absolute speed of blood flow in the arteries of the deep layers. It is lightweight, small in size, and has the potential to increase the accuracy and quality of the examination.\u0000Keywords: Blood Flow Sensor, movement of red blood cells, Doppler effect, ultrasound machine, Doppler ultrasound patch, biodegradable sensor, automatic","PeriodicalId":107886,"journal":{"name":"PIRETC-Proceeding of The International Research Education & Training Centre","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127005510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-15DOI: 10.36962/piretc24032023-18
Ramiz Yusifov, Behram Ismailov Ramiz Yusifov, Behram Ismailov
Business practices in areas like geographical information systems and environmental scanning are becoming more and more crucial, especially in light of the fierce competition in the technology sector. Organizations are less likely to hunt for information that they can act on right away than they are to experiment without trustworthy information, which results in organizational inattention. On the other hand, many companies are wasting money on initiatives that were either evaluated with insufficient data or that they were unable to absorb. In order to help enterprises design the best strategy for efficient environmental scanning and analysis, this study offers a new method based on environmental turbulence and aerial vehicles. Many businesses find it useful to measure the design of virtual models based on physical entities when creating their own virtual workshop models for scheduling and optimizing workshop production, but a single virtual workshop model cannot capture the interaction of physical and information objects necessary for intelligent manufacturing. To represent the fusion of virtual and real, however, and to therefore maximize the production of the workshop, the workshop for digital twins is an effective strategy. The digital twin system cooperative production unit is used as an example in this study to validate the suggested approach for building the digital twin workshop, which focuses on the definition and function of digital twin engines in a DT workshop. Keywords: Environmental scanning, digitalization, digital twin, information technologies.
{"title":"IMPLEMENTATION OF METHODS FOR DIGITAL TWIN AND GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION \u0000SYSTEMS","authors":"Ramiz Yusifov, Behram Ismailov Ramiz Yusifov, Behram Ismailov","doi":"10.36962/piretc24032023-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/piretc24032023-18","url":null,"abstract":"Business practices in areas like geographical information systems and environmental scanning are becoming more and more crucial, especially in light of the fierce competition in the technology sector. Organizations are less likely to hunt for information that they can act on right away than they are to experiment without trustworthy information, which results in organizational inattention. On the other hand, many companies are wasting money on initiatives that were either evaluated with insufficient data or that they were unable to absorb. In order to help enterprises design the best strategy for efficient environmental scanning and analysis, this study offers a new method based on environmental turbulence and aerial vehicles. Many businesses find it useful to measure the design of virtual models based on physical entities when creating their own virtual workshop models for scheduling and optimizing workshop production, but a single virtual workshop model cannot capture the interaction of physical and information objects necessary for intelligent manufacturing. To represent the fusion of virtual and real, however, and to therefore maximize the production of the workshop, the workshop for digital twins is an effective strategy. The digital twin system cooperative production unit is used as an example in this study to validate the suggested approach for building the digital twin workshop, which focuses on the definition and function of digital twin engines in a DT workshop.\u0000Keywords: Environmental scanning, digitalization, digital twin, information technologies.","PeriodicalId":107886,"journal":{"name":"PIRETC-Proceeding of The International Research Education & Training Centre","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114716640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Achieving institutional quality is one of the main goals of today's enterprise. This requires the development of policies, regulations and practices that cover each institutional element with a single quality view, their translation into written documents, and the implementation of institutional assessments and audits in accordance with the written documents. The study aims to identify quality and quality management approaches, the development of the ISO 9001 Quality Management Standard and the necessary documentation and document management practices within this framework. Control and evaluation of the system is also carried out through documents, which are the source of corporate information. The results of our research are considered significant in terms of revealing the importance of document management practices in quality management models that are fundamental to modern enterprises. The ISO 9001 Standard is not difficult and contains general requirements. It can be applied in any sector, be it large or small scale. It represents a powerful management system when properly understood and properly applied. The ISO 9001 Standard is completely dedicated to organizations to establish a Quality Management System. What needs to be done is not to create a "standard" Quality Management System, but to create a Quality Management System that meets the requirements of the standard. Keywords: ISO 9001:2000, quality management system, enterprise, international standards, quality, etc.
{"title":"WAYS OF APPLYING THE QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN ENTERPRISES","authors":"Gunay Hasanova Nuriyya Ramaldanova Gunay Hasanova Nuriyya Ramaldanova","doi":"10.36962/piretc24032023-33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/piretc24032023-33","url":null,"abstract":"Achieving institutional quality is one of the main goals of today's enterprise. This requires the development of policies, regulations and practices that cover each institutional element with a single quality view, their translation into written documents, and the implementation of institutional assessments and audits in accordance with the written documents. The study aims to identify quality and quality management approaches, the development of the ISO 9001 Quality Management Standard and the necessary documentation and document management practices within this framework. Control and evaluation of the system is also carried out through documents, which are the source of corporate information. The results of our research are considered significant in terms of revealing the importance of document management practices in quality management models that are fundamental to modern enterprises. The ISO 9001 Standard is not difficult and contains general requirements. It can be applied in any sector, be it large or small scale. It represents a powerful management system when properly understood and properly applied. The ISO 9001 Standard is completely dedicated to organizations to establish a Quality Management System. What needs to be done is not to create a \"standard\" Quality Management System, but to create a Quality Management System that meets the requirements of the standard.\u0000Keywords: ISO 9001:2000, quality management system, enterprise, international standards, quality, etc.","PeriodicalId":107886,"journal":{"name":"PIRETC-Proceeding of The International Research Education & Training Centre","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125923603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For the adequacy of calibration/testing laboratories general conditions are defined in the AZS ISO/IEC 17025-2020 [1] standard, and the Azerbaijan Accreditation Center accreditation by (AZAK) audits in accordance with the conditions specified in this standard being carried out. The conditions to be complied with in the AZS ISO/IEC 17025-2020 standard are specified in the sections under the headings of "Management Conditions" and "Technical Conditions". In accreditation audits, the quality management system of laboratories, “Management Conditions”; calibration/testing activities are evaluated according to the requirements specified under “Technical Conditions”. To be accredited for calibration/testing services a laboratory that wants to meet the conditions specified in the standard creates/maintains the quality management system (QMS) in line with in this context, it creates the quality management system documentation in which the QMS applications are defined. The laboratory's quality management system policies and quality policy The Quality Handbook, which contains the declaration, is the most important document of this documentation. During the accreditation process, these documents and those defined in these documents. The services/activities provided according to the practices are subject to audits. In this statement, by giving information about the technical conditions considered, mostly in the technical activities of laboratories an assessment of the observed nonconformities is done.
{"title":"IMPACT OF THE TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS OF THE AZS ISO/IEC 17025-2020 STANDARD \u0000ON THE RESULTS OF MEASUREMENTS CARRIED OUT IN TESTING AND CALIBRATION LABORATORIES","authors":"Rashid Mammadov, Hikmet Askerov Rashid Mammadov, Hikmet Askerov","doi":"10.36962/piretc24032023-74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/piretc24032023-74","url":null,"abstract":"For the adequacy of calibration/testing laboratories general conditions are defined in the AZS ISO/IEC 17025-2020 [1] standard, and the Azerbaijan Accreditation Center accreditation by (AZAK) audits in accordance with the conditions specified in this standard being carried out. The conditions to be complied with in the AZS ISO/IEC 17025-2020 standard are specified in the sections under the headings of \"Management Conditions\" and \"Technical Conditions\". In accreditation audits, the quality management system of laboratories, “Management Conditions”; calibration/testing activities are evaluated according to the requirements specified under “Technical Conditions”. To be accredited for calibration/testing services a laboratory that wants to meet the conditions specified in the standard creates/maintains the quality management system (QMS) in line with in this context, it creates the quality management system documentation in which the QMS applications are defined. The laboratory's quality management system policies and quality policy The Quality Handbook, which contains the declaration, is the most important document of this documentation. During the accreditation process, these documents and those defined in these documents. The services/activities provided according to the practices are subject to audits. In this statement, by giving information about the technical conditions considered, mostly in the technical activities of laboratories an assessment of the observed nonconformities is done.","PeriodicalId":107886,"journal":{"name":"PIRETC-Proceeding of The International Research Education & Training Centre","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122444316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper discusses the usage of intelligent approach to a physiotherapy. Physiotherapy as a branch of medicine has existed for a long time, but its methods of application remain about the same as they were a hundred years ago. This causes a number of problems, in particular a sceptical attitude towards physiotherapy itself. The use of traditional techniques in this field has a major influence on its attitude. Even though even traditional methods of treating patients with physiotherapy show good results, people are increasingly turning to medication. However, these methods are not directed at the individual patient, with his or her personal problems, and can be detrimental to the patient, let alone the treatment. Every patient, irrespective of gender, race or age, has his or her own individuality. Physiotherapists now prescribe treatment to patients on the basis of their findings and personal experience. But this is not always the right approach, especially if we're talking about the severely or chronically ill patients.But we are lucky to live in the era of computer progress, when machines can not only help in determining the correct diagnosis, but also autonomously make decisions about the patient's treatment. With this modern approach to health care, it is even possible to automate certain areas. A global collection of data on patients, with their different illnesses and experiences, will help. By processing this data, we can create knowledge bases, with different patterns, so that the patient's treatment plan will be as appropriate and accurate as possible. This approach is already being used in other areas of medicine, for instance for the recognition of X-ray images. Using fuzzy logic, machine learning and artificial intelligence algorithms, data from databases can be used to create predefined patient treatment patterns. This can help in determining the diagnosis and prescribing the right treatment in cases where doctors take a long time to decide on the right approach. Keywords: Physiotherapy devices, Fuzzy logic, Machine learning, Artificial Intelligence, Data bases, Biofeedback.
{"title":"INTELLIGENT APPROACH TO LOCAL AND GENERAL PHYSIOTHERAPY DEVICES","authors":"Aynur Jabiyeva, Anar Baghirov Aynur Jabiyeva, Anar Baghirov","doi":"10.36962/piretc24032023-108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/piretc24032023-108","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the usage of intelligent approach to a physiotherapy. Physiotherapy as a branch of medicine has existed for a long time, but its methods of application remain about the same as they were a hundred years ago. This causes a number of problems, in particular a sceptical attitude towards physiotherapy itself. The use of traditional techniques in this field has a major influence on its attitude. Even though even traditional methods of treating patients with physiotherapy show good results, people are increasingly turning to medication. However, these methods are not directed at the individual patient, with his or her personal problems, and can be detrimental to the patient, let alone the treatment. Every patient, irrespective of gender, race or age, has his or her own individuality. Physiotherapists now prescribe treatment to patients on the basis of their findings and personal experience. But this is not always the right approach, especially if we're talking about the severely or chronically ill patients.But we are lucky to live in the era of computer progress, when machines can not only help in determining the correct diagnosis, but also autonomously make decisions about the patient's treatment. With this modern approach to health care, it is even possible to automate certain areas. A global collection of data on patients, with their different illnesses and experiences, will help. By processing this data, we can create knowledge bases, with different patterns, so that the patient's treatment plan will be as appropriate and accurate as possible. This approach is already being used in other areas of medicine, for instance for the recognition of X-ray images. Using fuzzy logic, machine learning and artificial intelligence algorithms, data from databases can be used to create predefined patient treatment patterns. This can help in determining the diagnosis and prescribing the right treatment in cases where doctors take a long time to decide on the right approach.\u0000Keywords: Physiotherapy devices, Fuzzy logic, Machine learning, Artificial Intelligence, Data bases, Biofeedback.","PeriodicalId":107886,"journal":{"name":"PIRETC-Proceeding of The International Research Education & Training Centre","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127496159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microplastics are small particles of any kind of plastic, not exceeding 5 mm. Microplastic is one of the main problems today. Because these small particles not only pollute the environment, but also get into living organisms, animals and, worst of all, into the human body as a result of natural circulation in nature. Thereby contribute to the formation of various diseases in the human body. Because of the size of microplastic we do not notice how it enters our body. But they can be detected by laboratory tests. To date, unfortunately, accredited food laboratories quality control passes without detecting microplastic particles. In our opinion, this is the main problem. We consume microplastics in food and water every day without even noticing it. This article describes research carried out in various countries of the world and shows in what products was found microplastics. And also how to find and measure microplastics in the laboratory. This, in turn, may be useful to reduce the amount of microplastics in the human body. In conclusion, we propose to strengthen the development of new reference materials, to develop new standards for microplastics and to implement microplastic detection devices in the quality control system of food laboratories, to report the size of microplastic particles detected in the samples. We also recommend the further development and standardization of analytical methods to assess, analyze, and quantify its presence in food quality control. And quality control by implementing microplastic screening and detection methods in accredited food laboratories. Keywords: Microplastic, pollution, accreditation, quality control.
{"title":"QUALITY CONTROL IN FOOD LABORATORIES ON MICROPLASTICS","authors":"Gunay Damirova, Laman Maharramova Gunay Damirova, Laman Maharramova","doi":"10.36962/piretc24032023-66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/piretc24032023-66","url":null,"abstract":"Microplastics are small particles of any kind of plastic, not exceeding 5 mm. Microplastic is one of the main problems today. Because these small particles not only pollute the environment, but also get into living organisms, animals and, worst of all, into the human body as a result of natural circulation in nature. Thereby contribute to the formation of various diseases in the human body. Because of the size of microplastic we do not notice how it enters our body. But they can be detected by laboratory tests. To date, unfortunately, accredited food laboratories quality control passes without detecting microplastic particles. In our opinion, this is the main problem. We consume microplastics in food and water every day without even noticing it. This article describes research carried out in various countries of the world and shows in what products was found microplastics. And also how to find and measure microplastics in the laboratory. This, in turn, may be useful to reduce the amount of microplastics in the human body. In conclusion, we propose to strengthen the development of new reference materials, to develop new standards for microplastics and to implement microplastic detection devices in the quality control system of food laboratories, to report the size of microplastic particles detected in the samples. We also recommend the further development and standardization of analytical methods to assess, analyze, and quantify its presence in food quality control. And quality control by implementing microplastic screening and detection methods in accredited food laboratories.\u0000Keywords: Microplastic, pollution, accreditation, quality control.","PeriodicalId":107886,"journal":{"name":"PIRETC-Proceeding of The International Research Education & Training Centre","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122261122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Due to various reasons, a person who is missing one eye may experience psychological as well as excruciating suffering. Enucleation and evisceration surgery are the most often used methods to remove a sick or injured eye. The patient is often fitted with a bespoke implant into the orbital tissues after the surgeon removes the eye. In order to keep the socket from looking hollow and depressed, this replaces volume. Once the socket has stabilized, a prosthetic shell—also known as an artificial eye, glass eye, or ocular prosthesis—is placed within. An ocular implant can mechanically replace the lost eye. There have been significant developments in this field. To replace the missing eye, an ocular prosthesis was developed. Physically, the prosthetic seems natural. The eye, however, is stationary or just slightly mobile. development of an independent ocular motor system is the objective of this study in order to give the artificial eye more realistic movement. The detection of natural eye movement is a crucial issue. This study includes an overview of eye movement detecting techniques. Then eye movement detection using the fusion approach is created. The first aspect that is recorded and stored is the eye movement. Then, during the experiment, the sensor array yields the eye movement signal, and the matching rule yields the eye position. The experimental system, fusion technology, and early findings are covered in the majority of this work. Keywords: Sensor array, fusion, artificial eye, orbital implant, and ocular control.
{"title":"EXAMINATION OF THE CONTROL SYSTEM OF AN ARTIFICIAL EYE IMPLANT","authors":"Aynur Jabiyeva, Rashad Khalilov Aynur Jabiyeva, Rashad Khalilov","doi":"10.36962/piretc24032023-127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/piretc24032023-127","url":null,"abstract":"Due to various reasons, a person who is missing one eye may experience psychological as well as excruciating suffering. Enucleation and evisceration surgery are the most often used methods to remove a sick or injured eye. The patient is often fitted with a bespoke implant into the orbital tissues after the surgeon removes the eye. In order to keep the socket from looking hollow and depressed, this replaces volume. Once the socket has stabilized, a prosthetic shell—also known as an artificial eye, glass eye, or ocular prosthesis—is placed within. An ocular implant can mechanically replace the lost eye. There have been significant developments in this field. To replace the missing eye, an ocular prosthesis was developed. Physically, the prosthetic seems natural. The eye, however, is stationary or just slightly mobile. development of an independent ocular motor system is the objective of this study in order to give the artificial eye more realistic movement. The detection of natural eye movement is a crucial issue. This study includes an overview of eye movement detecting techniques. Then eye movement detection using the fusion approach is created. The first aspect that is recorded and stored is the eye movement. Then, during the experiment, the sensor array yields the eye movement signal, and the matching rule yields the eye position. The experimental system, fusion technology, and early findings are covered in the majority of this work.\u0000Keywords: Sensor array, fusion, artificial eye, orbital implant, and ocular control.","PeriodicalId":107886,"journal":{"name":"PIRETC-Proceeding of The International Research Education & Training Centre","volume":"194 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133206191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rail circuits are the basic elements of modern railway automation and telemechanics systems, performing the functions of track sensors and telemechanical channels. It is shown that the calculation of their operating boundary conditions becomes more complicated with the application of junctionless audio frequency rail circuits. The analysis of track circuits consists of studying the changes in their operation in various modes when the circuit parameters are changed. During the analysis, the optimal values of the parameters of the circuit elements and the frequency of the power source are determined for the given operating conditions. An analysis of the factors affecting the operating currents and voltages of such rail circuit schemes has been carried out. When analyzing and calculating a track circuit, it is assumed that the track line and equipment elements are linear, that is, their parameters do not depend on the flowing currents. To simplify the calculations, the track circuit is represented by the corresponding mathematical model (equivalent circuit) for each mode. Depending on the type of equivalent circuit used, four-pole and multi-pole models are distinguished. At the same time, the analysis and reporting of jointed rail circuits are carried out. Based on their results, the directions that allow for more accurate modeling of the operating modes of the circuits of the non-joint audio frequency rail circuits have been determined. Keywords: Rail circuits, train traffic safety, audio frequency (no junction) track circuits, junction rail circuits, signaling system, track sensors, mathematical model, remote conditioning monitoring.
{"title":"MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF THE OPERATION OF AUDIO FREQUENCY (NO JUNCTION) AND JUNCTION RAIL CIRCUITS","authors":"Aladdin Bayramov, Lala Bekirova Aladdin Bayramov, Lala Bekirova","doi":"10.36962/piretc24032023-49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/piretc24032023-49","url":null,"abstract":"Rail circuits are the basic elements of modern railway automation and telemechanics systems, performing the functions of track sensors and telemechanical channels. It is shown that the calculation of their operating boundary conditions becomes more complicated with the application of junctionless audio frequency rail circuits. The analysis of track circuits consists of studying the changes in their operation in various modes when the circuit parameters are changed. During the analysis, the optimal values of the parameters of the circuit elements and the frequency of the power source are determined for the given operating conditions. An analysis of the factors affecting the operating currents and voltages of such rail circuit schemes has been carried out. When analyzing and calculating a track circuit, it is assumed that the track line and equipment elements are linear, that is, their parameters do not depend on the flowing currents. To simplify the calculations, the track circuit is represented by the corresponding mathematical model (equivalent circuit) for each mode. Depending on the type of equivalent circuit used, four-pole and multi-pole models are distinguished. At the same time, the analysis and reporting of jointed rail circuits are carried out. Based on their results, the directions that allow for more accurate modeling of the operating modes of the circuits of the non-joint audio frequency rail circuits have been determined.\u0000Keywords: Rail circuits, train traffic safety, audio frequency (no junction) track circuits, junction rail circuits, signaling system, track sensors, mathematical model, remote conditioning monitoring.","PeriodicalId":107886,"journal":{"name":"PIRETC-Proceeding of The International Research Education & Training Centre","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114176781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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