In the article, the linear model of the innovation process was investigated and the interrelationships between its causes and consequences were analyzed. It has been shown that - innovation should not be considered only as a process of creating new scientific knowledge. Because they are the basis of acquisition, distribution, combination of new knowledge, development and application of a new product or technological process. Here, the models for determining the effectiveness of the application of information technology have been comprehensively analyzed and their areas of application have been determined. At the same time, the strategic approach to the assessment of the effectiveness of the application of information technologies in the enterprises of the oil and gas industry of Azerbaijan, the development and application directions of the main digital technologies, and the importance of the transition to sustainable innovative development of the industry were substantiated. Keywords: innovation, information, model, oil and gas industry, technology, intellectual, sustainable and dynamic development.
{"title":"INNOVATIVE MANAGEMENT METHODS OF THE OIL AND QAS INDUSTRY OF AZERBAIJAN WITH THE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY","authors":"Karim Seyidrza, Ayaz Alisafa Karim Seyidrza, Ayaz Alisafa, Shams Ramik Shams Ramik","doi":"10.36962/piretc21042022-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/piretc21042022-04","url":null,"abstract":"In the article, the linear model of the innovation process was investigated and the interrelationships between its causes and consequences were analyzed. It has been shown that - innovation should not be considered only as a process of creating new scientific knowledge. Because they are the basis of acquisition, distribution, combination of new knowledge, development and application of a new product or technological process. Here, the models for determining the effectiveness of the application of information technology have been comprehensively analyzed and their areas of application have been determined. At the same time, the strategic approach to the assessment of the effectiveness of the application of information technologies in the enterprises of the oil and gas industry of Azerbaijan, the development and application directions of the main digital technologies, and the importance of the transition to sustainable innovative development of the industry were substantiated.\u0000Keywords: innovation, information, model, oil and gas industry, technology, intellectual, sustainable and dynamic development.","PeriodicalId":107886,"journal":{"name":"PIRETC-Proceeding of The International Research Education & Training Centre","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133467283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Export potential, being a part of the country's economic potential, is the ability to produce and export various types of material goods and services in the quantity and quality corresponding to the demands of foreign market consumers as a result of the full use of the means of production of the economy and its sectors. It should be noted that there must be a demand for them to be exported. Considering that the amount of products that the country can produce is quite small compared to the number of products in the world market, the country's demand potential for oil products may always be there. When analyzing the export potential, other factors to consider are quality, compliance with global base standards, and prices. In our opinion, if the price of the product in the domestic market is lower than the price of this product in the international market, then there is export potential. In other words, when evaluating the export potential of products, prices should be compared and it should be determined whether the product in question can be sold profitably at international prices. One of the main factors determining the formation and development of export potential is the availability of natural resources in the country and the level of their use. The availability of natural resources and the level of their exploitation determine the development of the productive forces of the country, especially the means of material production and, based on this, the export potential. Therefore, the export opportunities of this or that country directly depend on the number of natural resources discovered and exploited by the country and the natural conditions. Thus, it can be said that the export potential existing during a certain period is based on both used and unexploited cumulative natural resources. One of the constituent elements of export potential is labor resources determined by a system of quantitative and qualitative indicators. This includes scientific personnel, workers working in different fields of industry, and persons engaged in organizational and management work related to the export of products and their realization in the foreign market. The quantitative increase and qualitative change of labor resources are the basis for the acceleration of ETT, the improvement of the efficiency of the use of productive forces, and the development of the country's export potential based on this. In this regard, it is necessary to pay more and special attention to more efficient use of labor resources, increase, and improvement of their qualifications, and other factors. Currently, in connection with the development of science and technology, technological development plays an important role in expanding export potential by increasing the country's competitiveness in foreign markets. Technological innovation leads to differences between production processes in individual countries, and due to this innovation, that country has a comparative advantage. At thi
{"title":"STUDY OF THE METHODS OF DETERMİNİNG AND MANAGİNG \u0000THE ENTERPRİSE'S EXPORT CAPACİTY BASED ON İNTERNATİONAL BUSİNESS PRACTİCES","authors":"Sadagat İbrahimova, Turkan Hatamova Sadagat İbrahimova, Turkan Hatamova, Aytaj Bayramova Aytaj Bayramova","doi":"10.36962/piretc20032022-77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/piretc20032022-77","url":null,"abstract":"Export potential, being a part of the country's economic potential, is the ability to produce and export various types of material goods and services in the quantity and quality corresponding to the demands of foreign market consumers as a result of the full use of the means of production of the economy and its sectors.\u0000It should be noted that there must be a demand for them to be exported. Considering that the amount of products that the country can produce is quite small compared to the number of products in the world market, the country's demand potential for oil products may always be there. When analyzing the export potential, other factors to consider are quality, compliance with global base standards, and prices. In our opinion, if the price of the product in the domestic market is lower than the price of this product in the international market, then there is export potential. In other words, when evaluating the export potential of products, prices should be compared and it should be determined whether the product in question can be sold profitably at international prices.\u0000One of the main factors determining the formation and development of export potential is the availability of natural resources in the country and the level of their use. The availability of natural resources and the level of their exploitation determine the development of the productive forces of the country, especially the means of material production and, based on this, the export potential. Therefore, the export opportunities of this or that country directly depend on the number of natural resources discovered and exploited by the country and the natural conditions. Thus, it can be said that the export potential existing during a certain period is based on both used and unexploited cumulative natural resources.\u0000One of the constituent elements of export potential is labor resources determined by a system of quantitative and qualitative indicators. This includes scientific personnel, workers working in different fields of industry, and persons engaged in organizational and management work related to the export of products and their realization in the foreign market.\u0000The quantitative increase and qualitative change of labor resources are the basis for the acceleration of ETT, the improvement of the efficiency of the use of productive forces, and the development of the country's export potential based on this. In this regard, it is necessary to pay more and special attention to more efficient use of labor resources, increase, and improvement of their qualifications, and other factors.\u0000Currently, in connection with the development of science and technology, technological development plays an important role in expanding export potential by increasing the country's competitiveness in foreign markets. Technological innovation leads to differences between production processes in individual countries, and due to this innovation, that country has a comparative advantage. At thi","PeriodicalId":107886,"journal":{"name":"PIRETC-Proceeding of The International Research Education & Training Centre","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113964481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-17DOI: 10.36962/piretc20032022-26
Rajab Jafarli Rajab Jafarli
Clarification of all aspects of the social differentiation of language is one of the urgent problems of modern linguistics. An in-depth study of this problem is especially important in terms of clearly showing the direction of language development and its causes, revealing the relationship between people's living conditions and language options. British slang needs to be studied in terms of studying the specifics of linguistic, cultural and social groups. Opinions on the classification, analysis, lexical and semantic features of slang in linguistic researches are different. The research topic is approached from the point of view of lexical-semantic linguistics and lexical factors influencing its development are noted. The main goal of the article is to identify the lexical features of modern British slang and for this purpose, examples from English literature, dictionaries, and articles in periodicals were selected. The article can be useful in the in the teaching of lexicology courses and in the preparation of lectures on lexicography. The lexical features and word formation of slang were researched with the use of general scientific methods, descriptive, linguistic analysis, and historical-comparative research methods in the article. Keywords: Slang, semantics, stereotype, informal layer, marginal, grammatical canons.
{"title":"LEXICAL FEATURES OF BRITISH SLANG AND DESCRIPTION OF ITS WORD FORMATION","authors":"Rajab Jafarli Rajab Jafarli","doi":"10.36962/piretc20032022-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/piretc20032022-26","url":null,"abstract":"Clarification of all aspects of the social differentiation of language is one of the urgent problems of modern linguistics. An in-depth study of this problem is especially important in terms of clearly showing the direction of language development and its causes, revealing the relationship between people's living conditions and language options. British slang needs to be studied in terms of studying the specifics of linguistic, cultural and social groups. Opinions on the classification, analysis, lexical and semantic features of slang in linguistic researches are different. \u0000The research topic is approached from the point of view of lexical-semantic linguistics and lexical factors influencing its development are noted. The main goal of the article is to identify the lexical features of modern British slang and for this purpose, examples from English literature, dictionaries, and articles in periodicals were selected. \u0000The article can be useful in the in the teaching of lexicology courses and in the preparation of lectures on lexicography. The lexical features and word formation of slang were researched with the use of general scientific methods, descriptive, linguistic analysis, and historical-comparative research methods in the article.\u0000Keywords: Slang, semantics, stereotype, informal layer, marginal, grammatical canons.","PeriodicalId":107886,"journal":{"name":"PIRETC-Proceeding of The International Research Education & Training Centre","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128863094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-17DOI: 10.36962/piretc20032022-10
Nadir Akbarov Nadir Akbarov
The article evaluates the role of the oil factor in the development of the economy of Azerbaijan in the last 20-25 years. The structuring importance of the oil factor at different stages in the formation and rapid growth of the national economy and its role in the sustainability of growth are interpreted with reasonable arguments. One of the most important conclusions drawn by the author in the article is that the economic potential created by the realization of a well-thought-out oil strategy eliminates the possibility of negative trends in the national economy in the near future. Keywords: oil, economic growth, sustainable development, investment, real sector
{"title":"THE OIL FACTOR IN ECONOMIC GROWTH","authors":"Nadir Akbarov Nadir Akbarov","doi":"10.36962/piretc20032022-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/piretc20032022-10","url":null,"abstract":"The article evaluates the role of the oil factor in the development of the economy of Azerbaijan in the last 20-25 years. The structuring importance of the oil factor at different stages in the formation and rapid growth of the national economy and its role in the sustainability of growth are interpreted with reasonable arguments. One of the most important conclusions drawn by the author in the article is that the economic potential created by the realization of a well-thought-out oil strategy eliminates the possibility of negative trends in the national economy in the near future.\u0000Keywords: oil, economic growth, sustainable development, investment, real sector","PeriodicalId":107886,"journal":{"name":"PIRETC-Proceeding of The International Research Education & Training Centre","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122666517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Main aim of the article is to explore evaluation of physical factors affecting the growth of fungi by their species. There is a certain group of basidiomycetes that are adapted to live only in wood. From an eco-trophic point of view, these fungi belonging to saprotrophs, biotrophs, and polytrophs are called xylotrophs. The main function of these fungi is the destruction or biological decomposition of lignocellulosic substrates. The genus Trametes belongs to the division Basidiomycota, class Basidiomycetes, subclass Homobasidiomycetidae, order Aphyllophorales, family Poriaceae (Poliporaceae). 627 species include to this genus (Trametes Fr.), including cosmopolitan representatives (Trametes versicolor (L.: Fr.) Lloyd). Representatives of this genus are well known as producers of many biologically active substances: polysaccharides, polysaccharides, glucans, glycoproteins, triterpenes, flavonoids, chitin, extracellular hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes, unsaturated fatty acids, high-quality proteins including all amino acids, vitamins, easy trace elements in the form of absorbable organic compounds. Keywords: Trametes, fungi, polysaccharides, glucans, glycoproteins
{"title":"TRAMETES QUEL. EVALUATION OF PHYSICAL FACTORS AFFECTING THE GROWTH OF FUNGI BY THEIR SPECIES","authors":"Fikrat Aliyev, Lala Bunyatova, Fikrat Aliyev, Lala Bunyatova,, Aida Gahramanova, Nurlana Aliyeva Aida Gahramanova, Nurlana Aliyeva","doi":"10.36962/piretc20032022-83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/piretc20032022-83","url":null,"abstract":"Main aim of the article is to explore evaluation of physical factors affecting the growth of fungi by their species. There is a certain group of basidiomycetes that are adapted to live only in wood. From an eco-trophic point of view, these fungi belonging to saprotrophs, biotrophs, and polytrophs are called xylotrophs. The main function of these fungi is the destruction or biological decomposition of lignocellulosic substrates.\u0000The genus Trametes belongs to the division Basidiomycota, class Basidiomycetes, subclass Homobasidiomycetidae, order Aphyllophorales, family Poriaceae (Poliporaceae). 627 species include to this genus (Trametes Fr.), including cosmopolitan representatives (Trametes versicolor (L.: Fr.) Lloyd). Representatives of this genus are well known as producers of many biologically active substances: polysaccharides, polysaccharides, glucans, glycoproteins, triterpenes, flavonoids, chitin, extracellular hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes, unsaturated fatty acids, high-quality proteins including all amino acids, vitamins, easy trace elements in the form of absorbable organic compounds.\u0000Keywords: Trametes, fungi, polysaccharides, glucans, glycoproteins","PeriodicalId":107886,"journal":{"name":"PIRETC-Proceeding of The International Research Education & Training Centre","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115309626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Holdings first appeared in world practice at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century as a result of the prohibition of the trust system in the United States with "antitrust laws". In Azerbaijan, it can be said that the holding system began to gain importance after gaining independence in the 1990s. Recently, the constantly occurring processes of creation of new companies in Azerbaijan, organizational and legal restructuring of existing companies (mergers, joints, separation of independent companies), their destruction, and bankruptcy are accompanied by directing capital to such a sphere of the economy where its more profitable use is expected. One of the effective forms of capital centralization is the creation and functioning of complex economic systems that represent a group of interconnected organizations with a certain internal structure. That is why in the economic environment of Azerbaijan, the spread of consolidation of enterprises in the form of consolidated (holding) groups in large, medium, and small businesses has expanded. There are many reasons for this: the multi-profile business of the majority of medium and small enterprises, territorial and field divisions of enterprises, and trying to appear as a consolidated taxpayer. On the one hand, operational activity related to the market (marketing policy, market strategy) and financial independence is the need of the period. On the other hand, a single center of general management is still required [1,79].
{"title":"IMPROVING THE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF HOLDING COMPANIES AND FINANCIAL-INDUSTRIAL GROUPS IN AZERBAIJAN","authors":"Natavan Alakbarova, Esmira Mammadova Natavan Alakbarova, Esmira Mammadova","doi":"10.36962/piretc20032022-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/piretc20032022-04","url":null,"abstract":"Holdings first appeared in world practice at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century as a result of the prohibition of the trust system in the United States with \"antitrust laws\". In Azerbaijan, it can be said that the holding system began to gain importance after gaining independence in the 1990s. Recently, the constantly occurring processes of creation of new companies in Azerbaijan, organizational and legal restructuring of existing companies (mergers, joints, separation of independent companies), their destruction, and bankruptcy are accompanied by directing capital to such a sphere of the economy where its more profitable use is expected.\u0000One of the effective forms of capital centralization is the creation and functioning of complex economic systems that represent a group of interconnected organizations with a certain internal structure. That is why in the economic environment of Azerbaijan, the spread of consolidation of enterprises in the form of consolidated (holding) groups in large, medium, and small businesses has expanded. There are many reasons for this: the multi-profile business of the majority of medium and small enterprises, territorial and field divisions of enterprises, and trying to appear as a consolidated taxpayer. On the one hand, operational activity related to the market (marketing policy, market strategy) and financial independence is the need of the period. On the other hand, a single center of general management is still required [1,79].","PeriodicalId":107886,"journal":{"name":"PIRETC-Proceeding of The International Research Education & Training Centre","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133621203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-18DOI: 10.36962/piretc19022022-21
Nabi Iskandarov, Elmin Baghishov Nabi Iskandarov, Elmin Baghishov
As we know from biophysics, infrared tympanic thermometers are easy to use and have a fast response time. They are widely used to measure human body temperature. Measurement accuracy and uncertainty are the most important performance indicators for these measuring instruments. This study evaluated the performance of two infrared tympanic thermometers, the Brown THT-3020 and the OMRON MC-510. The temperature of the temperature calibrator was changed to serve as the standard temperature of the "black body". The measurement errors for the two measuring instruments were reduced by the calibration equation. The predicted values meet the requirements of the ASTM standard. Sources of uncertainty include standard deviations of repetition at constant temperature or predicted values of the calibration equation, reference standard values, and resolution. Uncertainty analysis shows that the uncertainty of the calibration equation is the main source of combined uncertainty. The ambient temperature did not significantly affect the measured performance. The accuracy of infrared tympanic thermometers can be increased by the specified calibration equations. Keywords: infrared tympanic thermometer, metrological support, calibration equation, uncertainty, metrology
{"title":"EVALUATION OF UNCERTAINTY OF INFRARED THERMOMETERS WHEN MEASURING BODY TEMPERATURE","authors":"Nabi Iskandarov, Elmin Baghishov Nabi Iskandarov, Elmin Baghishov","doi":"10.36962/piretc19022022-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/piretc19022022-21","url":null,"abstract":"As we know from biophysics, infrared tympanic thermometers are easy to use and have a fast response time. They are widely used to measure human body temperature. Measurement accuracy and uncertainty are the most important performance indicators for these measuring instruments. This study evaluated the performance of two infrared tympanic thermometers, the Brown THT-3020 and the OMRON MC-510. The temperature of the temperature calibrator was changed to serve as the standard temperature of the \"black body\". The measurement errors for the two measuring instruments were reduced by the calibration equation. The predicted values meet the requirements of the ASTM standard. Sources of uncertainty include standard deviations of repetition at constant temperature or predicted values of the calibration equation, reference standard values, and resolution. Uncertainty analysis shows that the uncertainty of the calibration equation is the main source of combined uncertainty. The ambient temperature did not significantly affect the measured performance. The accuracy of infrared tympanic thermometers can be increased by the specified calibration equations.\u0000Keywords: infrared tympanic thermometer, metrological support, calibration equation, uncertainty, metrology","PeriodicalId":107886,"journal":{"name":"PIRETC-Proceeding of The International Research Education & Training Centre","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117267437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-18DOI: 10.36962/piretc19022022-04
Arzu Mustafazade Arzu Mustafazade
Optimizing oil refineries to meet current market and regulatory demands poses significant challenges for today’s oil industry. Environmental standards make new projects more costly and complex. All operations must reduce air pollution emissions (NOX), which means costly upgrades to existing installations. The low sulfur fuel demand increases the value of the hydrogen required for its production. Competitive printing demands high performance with maximum security and production flexibility. 50 % ratio of streams passing through hydro processors for conversion, processing, and pretreatment at US refineries to total streams. Hydrodesulphurization is the largest application of catalytic technology in terms of volume of material processed. Accurate and reliable measurement of crude oil distillation columns; Calculating yield is critical for achieving production goals, planning and programming. The feed rate should be maximized while ensuring that the crude oil mixture meets environmental requirements. Furthermore, errors in measurements can result in costly downtime or out-of-spec products. The purpose of the refining process is to convert crude oil, which is a natural raw material, into salable products. Products from refineries include cars, trucks, airplanes, ships and fuel for other vehicles, fuel for heat and power generation for industrial, and domestic use, raw materials, lubricating oils, waxes, bitumen for the petrochemical and chemical industry. Special products such as energy, heat (steam), also power (electricity) can be grouped as by-products. For the production of petroleum products, raw materials are processed at different distillation plants. crude oil of these processing units, which transform them into products with the help of supporting units and facilities. This combination is called refining. Market demand for the product type, available raw quality and the requirements set by the authorities include the size, configuration, and configuration of a refinery. Affect its complexity. Since these factors vary from region to region, the facility structures of refineries are also different. These are the basic production departments, process units and auxiliary facilities of the refineries.
{"title":"CLASSIFICATION OF OPTIMIZATION TASKS FOR REFINERIES","authors":"Arzu Mustafazade Arzu Mustafazade","doi":"10.36962/piretc19022022-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/piretc19022022-04","url":null,"abstract":"Optimizing oil refineries to meet current market and regulatory demands poses significant challenges for today’s oil industry. Environmental standards make new projects more costly and complex. All operations must reduce air pollution emissions (NOX), which means costly upgrades to existing installations. The low sulfur fuel demand increases the value of the hydrogen required for its production. Competitive printing demands high performance with maximum security and production flexibility. 50 % ratio of streams passing through hydro processors for conversion, processing, and pretreatment at US refineries to total streams. Hydrodesulphurization is the largest application of catalytic technology in terms of volume of material processed. Accurate and reliable measurement of crude oil distillation columns; Calculating yield is critical for achieving production goals, planning and programming. The feed rate should be maximized while ensuring that the crude oil mixture meets environmental requirements. Furthermore, errors in measurements can result in costly downtime or out-of-spec products. The purpose of the refining process is to convert crude oil, which is a natural raw material, into salable products. Products from refineries include cars, trucks, airplanes, ships and fuel for other vehicles, fuel for heat and power generation for industrial, and domestic use, raw materials, lubricating oils, waxes, bitumen for the petrochemical and chemical industry. Special products such as energy, heat (steam), also power (electricity) can be grouped as by-products. For the production of petroleum products, raw materials are processed at different distillation plants. crude oil of these processing units, which transform them into products with the help of supporting units and facilities. This combination is called refining. Market demand for the product type, available raw quality and the requirements set by the authorities include the size, configuration, and configuration of a refinery. Affect its complexity. Since these factors vary from region to region, the facility structures of refineries are also different. These are the basic production departments, process units and auxiliary facilities of the refineries.","PeriodicalId":107886,"journal":{"name":"PIRETC-Proceeding of The International Research Education & Training Centre","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121577255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: In order to increase the level of care provided to patients, it is important to develop a pharmacist-doctor-patient relationship. However, there are a number of obstacles to the full implementation of this cooperation. Methods: In this study, we use a survey to learn the current state of the pharmacist-physician-patient relationship in Azerbaijan. Results: The survey results firstly suggest that communication between pharmacists and physicians is unilateral, nevertheless working pharmacists are young, but experienced enough to adapt this process, and psychological barriers that prevent them from working with physicians are minimal. Secondly, patients easily communicate with pharmacists, get enough information from them and rely on their professional advice. Conclusion: Compared to other studies, these indicators are very good and can reach even better levels with the introduction of new opportunities. Novelty of the work: In this study, the level of pharmacist-doctor-patient relations in Azerbaijan was determined for the first time. Keywords: pharmacist-physician-patient, collaboration, cooperation, relationship
{"title":"PHARMACISTS’ VIEWS ON PHARMACIST-PHYSICIAN-PATIENT COOPERATION \u0000IN AZERBAIJAN","authors":"Elnur Nasibli, Mahbuba Veliyeva Elnur Nasibli, Mahbuba Veliyeva","doi":"10.36962/piretc19022022-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/piretc19022022-28","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: In order to increase the level of care provided to patients, it is important to develop a pharmacist-doctor-patient relationship. However, there are a number of obstacles to the full implementation of this cooperation.\u0000Methods: In this study, we use a survey to learn the current state of the pharmacist-physician-patient relationship in Azerbaijan.\u0000Results: The survey results firstly suggest that communication between pharmacists and physicians is unilateral, nevertheless working pharmacists are young, but experienced enough to adapt this process, and psychological barriers that prevent them from working with physicians are minimal. Secondly, patients easily communicate with pharmacists, get enough information from them and rely on their professional advice.\u0000Conclusion: Compared to other studies, these indicators are very good and can reach even better levels with the introduction of new opportunities.\u0000Novelty of the work: In this study, the level of pharmacist-doctor-patient relations in Azerbaijan was determined for the first time.\u0000Keywords: pharmacist-physician-patient, collaboration, cooperation, relationship","PeriodicalId":107886,"journal":{"name":"PIRETC-Proceeding of The International Research Education & Training Centre","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129928461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-18DOI: 10.36962/piretc19022022-36
Aynur Jabiyeva Aynur Jabiyeva
All audible and inaudible sound oscillations propagate to the environment as mechanical oscillations, having the property of waves. When sound propagates, positive and negative pressures occur at a frequency equal to its frequency. Sound waves propagate in the same straight direction and are reflected and absorbed in the environment. The speed of propagation of ultrasonic waves varies in different environments, that is, the denser the medium, the higher the speed of propagation. Ultrasound treatment is carried out using special advanced devices. Ultrasonic vibrations in modern devices are obtained by piezoelectric effect. Keywords: sound vibrations, ultrasonic waves, piezoelectric effect, ultrasonic physics, amplifiers, voltage, current, ultrasonic scanner, automatic adjustment generator, adiabatic rotation sequence, apodization
{"title":"ULTRASONİC DEVİCE WİTH A TEMPORARY AUTOMATİC ADJUSTMENT GENERATOR","authors":"Aynur Jabiyeva Aynur Jabiyeva","doi":"10.36962/piretc19022022-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/piretc19022022-36","url":null,"abstract":"All audible and inaudible sound oscillations propagate to the environment as mechanical oscillations, having the property of waves. When sound propagates, positive and negative pressures occur at a frequency equal to its frequency. Sound waves propagate in the same straight direction and are reflected and absorbed in the environment. The speed of propagation of ultrasonic waves varies in different environments, that is, the denser the medium, the higher the speed of propagation. Ultrasound treatment is carried out using special advanced devices. Ultrasonic vibrations in modern devices are obtained by piezoelectric effect.\u0000Keywords: sound vibrations, ultrasonic waves, piezoelectric effect, ultrasonic physics, amplifiers, voltage, current, ultrasonic scanner, automatic adjustment generator, adiabatic rotation sequence, apodization","PeriodicalId":107886,"journal":{"name":"PIRETC-Proceeding of The International Research Education & Training Centre","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126243568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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