Pub Date : 2024-11-19DOI: 10.1177/09637214241280907
Bertram Gawronski, Lea S. Nahon, Nyx L. Ng
Recent years have seen a surge in research on why people fall for misinformation and what can be done about it. Drawing on a framework that conceptualizes truth judgments of true and false information as a signal-detection problem, the current article identifies three inaccurate assumptions in the public and scientific discourse about misinformation: (1) People are bad at discerning true from false information, (2) partisan bias is not a driving force in judgments of misinformation, and (3) gullibility to false information is the main factor underlying inaccurate beliefs. Counter to these assumptions, we argue that (1) people are quite good at discerning true from false information, (2) partisan bias in responses to true and false information is pervasive and strong, and (3) skepticism against belief-incongruent true information is much more pronounced than gullibility to belief-congruent false information. These conclusions have significant implications for person-centered misinformation interventions to tackle inaccurate beliefs.
{"title":"Debunking Three Myths About Misinformation","authors":"Bertram Gawronski, Lea S. Nahon, Nyx L. Ng","doi":"10.1177/09637214241280907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214241280907","url":null,"abstract":"Recent years have seen a surge in research on why people fall for misinformation and what can be done about it. Drawing on a framework that conceptualizes truth judgments of true and false information as a signal-detection problem, the current article identifies three inaccurate assumptions in the public and scientific discourse about misinformation: (1) People are bad at discerning true from false information, (2) partisan bias is not a driving force in judgments of misinformation, and (3) gullibility to false information is the main factor underlying inaccurate beliefs. Counter to these assumptions, we argue that (1) people are quite good at discerning true from false information, (2) partisan bias in responses to true and false information is pervasive and strong, and (3) skepticism against belief-incongruent true information is much more pronounced than gullibility to belief-congruent false information. These conclusions have significant implications for person-centered misinformation interventions to tackle inaccurate beliefs.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142673912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-18DOI: 10.1177/09637214241283163
Ye Rang Park, Yuen Ho, Kristina Hallez, Supreet Kaur, Mahesh Srinivasan, Jiaying Zhao
An emerging literature on “the psychology of poverty” suggests that the experience of poverty itself has psychological consequences, some of which may make escaping poverty more difficult. We synthesize the evidence base from both psychology and economics using an organizing framework comprising four sets of mechanisms: cognitive function, mental health, beliefs, and preferences. We discuss the strength of the evidence supporting both how poverty affects these four mechanisms and how these four mechanisms in turn affect poverty. As our review shows, the existing evidence has clearly established proof of concept that psychological factors exist in the experience of and response to poverty. However, there is still a lack of evidence on whether these effects are meaningful in magnitude and lead to the perpetuation of poverty. We conclude by summarizing promising future directions for research that could help close these evidence gaps, with important implications for the design of poverty reduction policies.
{"title":"The Psychology of Poverty: Current and Future Directions","authors":"Ye Rang Park, Yuen Ho, Kristina Hallez, Supreet Kaur, Mahesh Srinivasan, Jiaying Zhao","doi":"10.1177/09637214241283163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214241283163","url":null,"abstract":"An emerging literature on “the psychology of poverty” suggests that the experience of poverty itself has psychological consequences, some of which may make escaping poverty more difficult. We synthesize the evidence base from both psychology and economics using an organizing framework comprising four sets of mechanisms: cognitive function, mental health, beliefs, and preferences. We discuss the strength of the evidence supporting both how poverty affects these four mechanisms and how these four mechanisms in turn affect poverty. As our review shows, the existing evidence has clearly established proof of concept that psychological factors exist in the experience of and response to poverty. However, there is still a lack of evidence on whether these effects are meaningful in magnitude and lead to the perpetuation of poverty. We conclude by summarizing promising future directions for research that could help close these evidence gaps, with important implications for the design of poverty reduction policies.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":"226 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142670315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-18DOI: 10.1177/09637214241279504
Simon Dennis, Kevin Shabahang, Hyungwook Yim
Transformer models of language represent a step change in our ability to account for cognitive phenomena. Although the specific architecture that has garnered recent interest is quite young, many of its components have antecedents in the cognitive science literature. In this article, we start by providing an introduction to large language models aimed at a general psychological audience. We then highlight some of the antecedents, including the importance of scale, instance-based memory models, paradigmatic association and systematicity, positional encodings of serial order, and the learning of control processes. This article offers an exploration of the relationship between transformer models and their precursors, showing how they can be understood as a next phase in our understanding of cognitive processes.
{"title":"The Antecedents of Transformer Models","authors":"Simon Dennis, Kevin Shabahang, Hyungwook Yim","doi":"10.1177/09637214241279504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214241279504","url":null,"abstract":"Transformer models of language represent a step change in our ability to account for cognitive phenomena. Although the specific architecture that has garnered recent interest is quite young, many of its components have antecedents in the cognitive science literature. In this article, we start by providing an introduction to large language models aimed at a general psychological audience. We then highlight some of the antecedents, including the importance of scale, instance-based memory models, paradigmatic association and systematicity, positional encodings of serial order, and the learning of control processes. This article offers an exploration of the relationship between transformer models and their precursors, showing how they can be understood as a next phase in our understanding of cognitive processes.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142670314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-12DOI: 10.1177/09637214241280614
Riana E. Anderson, Madison P. McCall, Nana Otaka
Mental health treatments currently available to address racial discrimination for 21 million youth of color are inadequate. Given the nascent but promising mechanisms found within behavioral health interventions via racial socialization, or the process through which children acquire knowledge about race, developing effective and scalable therapeutic strategies to contend with the stress from racism and discrimination is possible. We outline the active ingredients that facilitate behavioral change for youth psychosocial outcomes impacted by racial discrimination and describe how technology is being utilized for current and future implementation efforts. We argue that technological advancement, in addition to ecological considerations, is crucial for the reduction of structural and interpersonal risk factors negatively influencing the psychological wellness of youth of color. Technology integration across implementation and assessment will be critical, particularly given the potential for technology to further exacerbate mental health disparities.
{"title":"Pivoting: Responding to the Mental Health Needs of Youth of Color With Technology","authors":"Riana E. Anderson, Madison P. McCall, Nana Otaka","doi":"10.1177/09637214241280614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214241280614","url":null,"abstract":"Mental health treatments currently available to address racial discrimination for 21 million youth of color are inadequate. Given the nascent but promising mechanisms found within behavioral health interventions via racial socialization, or the process through which children acquire knowledge about race, developing effective and scalable therapeutic strategies to contend with the stress from racism and discrimination is possible. We outline the active ingredients that facilitate behavioral change for youth psychosocial outcomes impacted by racial discrimination and describe how technology is being utilized for current and future implementation efforts. We argue that technological advancement, in addition to ecological considerations, is crucial for the reduction of structural and interpersonal risk factors negatively influencing the psychological wellness of youth of color. Technology integration across implementation and assessment will be critical, particularly given the potential for technology to further exacerbate mental health disparities.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142601944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-26DOI: 10.1177/09637214241284937
Thom Scott-Phillips
Any behavior humans can perform, they can performed in an “ostensive” way, that is, overtly attracting attention and providing evidence of meaning. The communicative principle of relevance is a lawlike generalization about ostensive stimuli and hence about human communication. Here I present the principle as a pair of simple and general empirical statements: one on the audience side and one on the communicator side. I also summarize recent developments: Experimental tests have proved supportive, theoretical analyses have connected the principle to evolutionary and developmental perspectives, and the principle has been used more broadly than before, far beyond the traditional domains of semantics and pragmatics. These developments consolidate the communicative principle of relevance as fundamental to understanding human interaction.
{"title":"The Communicative Principle of Relevance","authors":"Thom Scott-Phillips","doi":"10.1177/09637214241284937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214241284937","url":null,"abstract":"Any behavior humans can perform, they can performed in an “ostensive” way, that is, overtly attracting attention and providing evidence of meaning. The communicative principle of relevance is a lawlike generalization about ostensive stimuli and hence about human communication. Here I present the principle as a pair of simple and general empirical statements: one on the audience side and one on the communicator side. I also summarize recent developments: Experimental tests have proved supportive, theoretical analyses have connected the principle to evolutionary and developmental perspectives, and the principle has been used more broadly than before, far beyond the traditional domains of semantics and pragmatics. These developments consolidate the communicative principle of relevance as fundamental to understanding human interaction.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142490941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-26DOI: 10.1177/09637214241280742
Jia-Yan Mao, Jan-Willem van Prooijen, Paul A. M. Van Lange
Conspiracy theories have been treated mostly as a homogeneous phenomenon in empirical research. However, to fully understand their causes and consequences, a multifaceted approach to conspiracy theories would be useful. Here, we propose an organizational framework with three facets (groups, ideology, and status) to conceptualize conspiracy theories. Based on a review of recent research, the current contribution highlights the psychological differences between (a) perceived conspiracies within or outside of one’s valued community; (b) ideological versus nonideological conspiracy beliefs, based on whether conspiracy beliefs are directly relevant for people’s core values; and (c) upward versus downward conspiracy beliefs, that is, whether the perceived conspiracy involves a relatively high- or low-status group. Finally, we discuss some distinct consequences of these facets in affecting societally consequential behaviors, such as collective action, protest, hostility, or polarization.
{"title":"Conspiracy Theories: Groups, Ideology, and Status as Three Distinct Bases for Expressions in Society","authors":"Jia-Yan Mao, Jan-Willem van Prooijen, Paul A. M. Van Lange","doi":"10.1177/09637214241280742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214241280742","url":null,"abstract":"Conspiracy theories have been treated mostly as a homogeneous phenomenon in empirical research. However, to fully understand their causes and consequences, a multifaceted approach to conspiracy theories would be useful. Here, we propose an organizational framework with three facets (groups, ideology, and status) to conceptualize conspiracy theories. Based on a review of recent research, the current contribution highlights the psychological differences between (a) perceived conspiracies within or outside of one’s valued community; (b) ideological versus nonideological conspiracy beliefs, based on whether conspiracy beliefs are directly relevant for people’s core values; and (c) upward versus downward conspiracy beliefs, that is, whether the perceived conspiracy involves a relatively high- or low-status group. Finally, we discuss some distinct consequences of these facets in affecting societally consequential behaviors, such as collective action, protest, hostility, or polarization.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":"115 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142490828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-17DOI: 10.1177/09637214241283406
Jackson G. Lu
This article spotlights a widespread problem in research and practice: Asians are commonly categorized as a monolithic group in the United States. Regarding research, my 24-year archival analysis of Psychological Science shows that most U.S. studies did not specify which Asian subgroup(s) were examined. Regarding practice, my analysis of the diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) webpages and latest diversity reports of S&P 100 companies finds that none of them differentiated between Asian subgroups. Such use of the generic category “Asian” is problematic because it masks important differences among Asian subgroups: (a) Of all ethnic groups in the United States, socioeconomic inequality among Asian subgroups is the highest and fastest growing; (b) U.S. studies show that East Asians (e.g., ethnic Chinese)—but not South Asians (e.g., ethnic Indians)—experience a “bamboo ceiling” in consequential contexts, including leadership attainment, academic performance in law and business schools, and starting salaries. Thus, lumping Asians together can obscure the challenges faced by certain Asian subgroups and jeopardize the attention and resources they need. More broadly, this article demonstrates the importance of differentiating between ethnic subgroups in research (e.g., theorization, surveys, and data analysis) and practice (e.g., diversity reports) to foster DEI.
{"title":"“Asian” Is a Problematic Category in Research and Practice: Insights From the Bamboo Ceiling","authors":"Jackson G. Lu","doi":"10.1177/09637214241283406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214241283406","url":null,"abstract":"This article spotlights a widespread problem in research and practice: Asians are commonly categorized as a monolithic group in the United States. Regarding research, my 24-year archival analysis of Psychological Science shows that most U.S. studies did not specify which Asian subgroup(s) were examined. Regarding practice, my analysis of the diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) webpages and latest diversity reports of S&P 100 companies finds that none of them differentiated between Asian subgroups. Such use of the generic category “Asian” is problematic because it masks important differences among Asian subgroups: (a) Of all ethnic groups in the United States, socioeconomic inequality among Asian subgroups is the highest and fastest growing; (b) U.S. studies show that East Asians (e.g., ethnic Chinese)—but not South Asians (e.g., ethnic Indians)—experience a “bamboo ceiling” in consequential contexts, including leadership attainment, academic performance in law and business schools, and starting salaries. Thus, lumping Asians together can obscure the challenges faced by certain Asian subgroups and jeopardize the attention and resources they need. More broadly, this article demonstrates the importance of differentiating between ethnic subgroups in research (e.g., theorization, surveys, and data analysis) and practice (e.g., diversity reports) to foster DEI.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142448429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-12DOI: 10.1177/09637214241283190
Kate M. Turetsky, J. Nicole Shelton
Research on intergroup friendships has historically focused on individuals and dyads. Only recently has research begun to examine intergroup friendship in the context of the broader web of social relationships in which individuals and dyads are embedded. This review highlights emerging research on the role of social networks in intergroup friendship, with a focus on interracial friendship. In particular, we examine how social networks shape opportunities to form intergroup friendships, influence intergroup attitudes, and affect ongoing intergroup interactions and relationships. This emerging work reveals how friendships across group lines are shaped not only by the individuals involved but also by their other friends, the attitudes of those around them, and the structure and context of their broader social network. Though nascent, social network research has already begun to offer novel insights into foundational intergroup theories and inform future interventions to foster intergroup friendships.
{"title":"Emerging Insights on the Role of Social Networks in Intergroup Friendship","authors":"Kate M. Turetsky, J. Nicole Shelton","doi":"10.1177/09637214241283190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214241283190","url":null,"abstract":"Research on intergroup friendships has historically focused on individuals and dyads. Only recently has research begun to examine intergroup friendship in the context of the broader web of social relationships in which individuals and dyads are embedded. This review highlights emerging research on the role of social networks in intergroup friendship, with a focus on interracial friendship. In particular, we examine how social networks shape opportunities to form intergroup friendships, influence intergroup attitudes, and affect ongoing intergroup interactions and relationships. This emerging work reveals how friendships across group lines are shaped not only by the individuals involved but also by their other friends, the attitudes of those around them, and the structure and context of their broader social network. Though nascent, social network research has already begun to offer novel insights into foundational intergroup theories and inform future interventions to foster intergroup friendships.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142415588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-12DOI: 10.1177/09637214241268222
Linnea Gandhi, Benjamin S. Manning, Angela L. Duckworth
The goal of psychological science is to discover truths about human nature, and the typical form of empirical insights is a simple statement of the form x relates to y. We suggest that such “one-liners” imply much larger x- y relationships than those we typically study. Given the multitude of factors that compete and interact to influence any human outcome, small effect sizes should not surprise us. And yet they do—as evidenced by the persistent and systematic underpowering of research studies in psychological science. We suggest an explanation. Effect size magnification is the tendency to exaggerate the importance of the variable under investigation because of the momentary neglect of others. Although problematic, this attentional focus serves a purpose akin to that of the eye’s fovea. We see a particular x-y relationship with greater acuity when it is the center of our attention. Debiasing remedies are not straightforward, but we recommend (a) recalibrating expectations about the effect sizes we study, (b) proactively exploring moderators and boundary conditions, and (c) periodically toggling our focus from the x variable we happen to study to the non- x variables we do not.
心理科学的目标是发现有关人性的真理，而经验见解的典型形式是 x 与 y 关系的简单陈述。我们认为，这种 "单线 "意味着比我们通常研究的 x y 关系要大得多。鉴于影响人类任何结果的因素众多且相互影响，小的效应大小不应该让我们感到惊讶。然而，它们确实让我们感到惊讶--心理科学研究中长期存在的系统性不足就是证明。我们提出了一种解释。效应大小放大是指由于一时忽略了其他变量而夸大被调查变量重要性的倾向。尽管存在问题，但这种注意力集中的作用类似于眼睛的眼窝。当我们的注意力集中在某一特定的 x-y 关系上时，我们就能更清晰地看到它。消除偏差的补救措施并不直接，但我们建议：（a）重新调整我们对所研究效应大小的预期；（b）积极探索调节因素和边界条件；（c）定期将我们的注意力从我们碰巧研究的 x 变量转移到我们没有研究的非 x 变量上。
{"title":"Effect Size Magnification: No Variable Is as Important as the One You’re Thinking About—While You’re Thinking About It","authors":"Linnea Gandhi, Benjamin S. Manning, Angela L. Duckworth","doi":"10.1177/09637214241268222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214241268222","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of psychological science is to discover truths about human nature, and the typical form of empirical insights is a simple statement of the form x relates to y. We suggest that such “one-liners” imply much larger x- y relationships than those we typically study. Given the multitude of factors that compete and interact to influence any human outcome, small effect sizes should not surprise us. And yet they do—as evidenced by the persistent and systematic underpowering of research studies in psychological science. We suggest an explanation. Effect size magnification is the tendency to exaggerate the importance of the variable under investigation because of the momentary neglect of others. Although problematic, this attentional focus serves a purpose akin to that of the eye’s fovea. We see a particular x-y relationship with greater acuity when it is the center of our attention. Debiasing remedies are not straightforward, but we recommend (a) recalibrating expectations about the effect sizes we study, (b) proactively exploring moderators and boundary conditions, and (c) periodically toggling our focus from the x variable we happen to study to the non- x variables we do not.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142415539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-07DOI: 10.1177/09637214241279539
Jessica L. Alquist, Roy F. Baumeister
Uncertainty has a negative reputation. Not knowing what has happened or is going to happen is typically depicted as undesirable, and people often seek to minimize and avoid it. Research has shown that having a negative attitude toward uncertainty is associated with poor mental health and that certainty seeking can lead to accepting meager rewards and low-quality information. As a remedy for negative views of uncertainty, the present review discusses the functions of some typical responses to uncertainty as well as research on circumstances in which uncertainty can be leveraged to improve well-being. Uncertainty can focus attention, increase effort, and increase the intensity and duration of positive effect. Recognizing that there are situations in which uncertainty is desirable may be a first step toward improving attitudes toward uncertainty.
{"title":"Learning to Love Uncertainty","authors":"Jessica L. Alquist, Roy F. Baumeister","doi":"10.1177/09637214241279539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214241279539","url":null,"abstract":"Uncertainty has a negative reputation. Not knowing what has happened or is going to happen is typically depicted as undesirable, and people often seek to minimize and avoid it. Research has shown that having a negative attitude toward uncertainty is associated with poor mental health and that certainty seeking can lead to accepting meager rewards and low-quality information. As a remedy for negative views of uncertainty, the present review discusses the functions of some typical responses to uncertainty as well as research on circumstances in which uncertainty can be leveraged to improve well-being. Uncertainty can focus attention, increase effort, and increase the intensity and duration of positive effect. Recognizing that there are situations in which uncertainty is desirable may be a first step toward improving attitudes toward uncertainty.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142384528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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