Pub Date : 2023-03-08DOI: 10.2174/1567205020666230308123718
Ayşe Hande Arpacı, Hasan Çalıskan, Emel Güneş, Berrin Işık
Background: Ketamine is a widely used anesthetic agent. Although the potential adverse effects of ketamine use in juvenile age are uncertain, certain studies reported that children exposed to recurrent anesthesia could face an increased risk of neurodevelopmental deficits in motor function and behavioral risks. We aimed to investigate the long-term effects of repeated exposure to various ketamine doses on anxious behavior and locomotor activity in juvenile rats.
Objective: We aimed to investigate the long-term effects of repeated exposure to various ketamine doses on anxious behavior and locomotor activity in juvenile rats.
Methods: Thirty-two Wistar Albino juvenile male rats were randomized into 5 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, and 50 mg/kg ketamine (KET) and saline (Group C) Groups and KET was administered for 3 consecutive days at 3-hour intervals in 3 doses. Ten days after the last KET dose, behavioral parameters were analyzed with an open field test (OFT), elevated plus maze (EPM), and light-dark box (LDB). Satistical analysis was conducted with Kruskall-Wallis test followed by Dunn's Multiple Comparison Test.
Results: Unsupported rearing behavior decreased in 50 mg/kg KET Groups when compared to Group C. Incorrect transition time, total grooming time, and transfer latency time increased significantly in the 50 mg/kg KET Group when compared to Group C.
Conclusion: These results suggested that 50 mg/kg KET led to anxiety-like behavior and destroyed memory and spatial navigation. Ketamine doses were associated with late effects of ketamine on anxiety- like behavior in juvenile rats. Further studies are needed to determine the mechanisms that play a role in the different effects of ketamine doses on anxiety and memory.
背景:氯胺酮是一种广泛使用的麻醉剂:氯胺酮是一种广泛使用的麻醉剂。尽管氯胺酮对幼鼠的潜在不良影响尚不确定,但有研究报告称,反复暴露于氯胺酮麻醉的儿童可能面临运动功能神经发育缺陷和行为风险增加的风险。我们旨在研究反复暴露于各种酮类药物对幼鼠焦虑行为和运动活动的长期影响:我们旨在研究反复暴露于各种酮类药物对幼年大鼠焦虑行为和运动活动的长期影响:将32只Wistar Albino幼年雄性大鼠随机分为5 mg/kg、20 mg/kg、50 mg/kg氯胺酮(KET)组和生理盐水(C组)组,连续3天给予氯胺酮,每次3小时,共3次给药。最后一次服用氯胺酮 10 天后,用开阔地试验 (OFT)、高架迷宫 (EPM) 和光暗箱 (LDB) 分析行为参数。统计分析采用 Kruskall-Wallis 检验和 Dunn's 多重比较检验:结果:与C组相比,50 mg/kg KET组的无支持饲养行为减少。结果:与 C 组相比,50 毫克/千克 KET 组的无支持饲养行为减少;与 C 组相比,50 毫克/千克 KET 组的不正确过渡时间、总梳理时间和转移潜伏时间显著增加:这些结果表明,50 毫克/千克 KET 会导致焦虑样行为,并破坏记忆和空间导航能力。氯胺酮剂量与氯胺酮对幼鼠焦虑样行为的后期影响有关。要确定氯胺酮剂量对焦虑和记忆产生不同影响的机制,还需要进一步的研究。
{"title":"Effects of the Recurrent and Different Doses of Ketamine Exposure on Anxiety-like Behaviors and Locomotor Activity in Juvenile Rats.","authors":"Ayşe Hande Arpacı, Hasan Çalıskan, Emel Güneş, Berrin Işık","doi":"10.2174/1567205020666230308123718","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1567205020666230308123718","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ketamine is a widely used anesthetic agent. Although the potential adverse\u0000effects of ketamine use in juvenile age are uncertain, certain studies reported that children exposed to\u0000recurrent anesthesia could face an increased risk of neurodevelopmental deficits in motor function and\u0000behavioral risks. We aimed to investigate the long-term effects of repeated exposure to various ketamine\u0000doses on anxious behavior and locomotor activity in juvenile rats.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to investigate the long-term effects of repeated exposure to various ketamine\u0000doses on anxious behavior and locomotor activity in juvenile rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-two Wistar Albino juvenile male rats were randomized into 5 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, and\u000050 mg/kg ketamine (KET) and saline (Group C) Groups and KET was administered for 3 consecutive\u0000days at 3-hour intervals in 3 doses. Ten days after the last KET dose, behavioral parameters were analyzed\u0000with an open field test (OFT), elevated plus maze (EPM), and light-dark box (LDB). Satistical\u0000analysis was conducted with Kruskall-Wallis test followed by Dunn's Multiple Comparison Test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Unsupported rearing behavior decreased in 50 mg/kg KET Groups when compared to Group\u0000C. Incorrect transition time, total grooming time, and transfer latency time increased significantly in\u0000the 50 mg/kg KET Group when compared to Group C.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results suggested that 50 mg/kg KET led to anxiety-like behavior and destroyed\u0000memory and spatial navigation. Ketamine doses were associated with late effects of ketamine on anxiety-\u0000like behavior in juvenile rats. Further studies are needed to determine the mechanisms that play a\u0000role in the different effects of ketamine doses on anxiety and memory.</p>","PeriodicalId":10810,"journal":{"name":"Current Alzheimer research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9471195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Sleep problems are very prevalent in older adults, especially in those at risk for dementia. But the relationships between sleep parameters and subjective or objective cognitive decline are still inconclusive.
Aim: The study aimed to investigate the self-reported and objectively measured sleep characteristics in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and subjective cognitive decline (SCD).
Methods: This study adopted a cross-sectional design. We included older adults with SCD or MCI. Sleep quality was measured separately by the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and ActiGraph. Participants with SCD were divided into low, moderate, and high levels of SCD groups. Independent samples T-tests, one-way ANOVA, or nonparametric tests were used to compare the sleep parameters across groups. Covariance analyses were also performed to control the covariates.
Results: Around half of the participants (45.9%) reported poor sleep quality (PSQI<7), and 71.3% of participants slept less than 7 hours per night, as measured by ActiGraph. Participants with MCI showed shorter time in bed (TIB) (p<0.05), a tendency of shorter total sleep time (TST) at night (p = 0.074) and for each 24-hour cycle (p = 0.069), compared to those with SCD. The high SCD group reported the highest PSQI total score and longest sleep latency than all the other three groups (p<0.05). Both the MCI and high SCD groups had shorter TIB and TST for each 24-hour cycle than the low or moderate SCD groups. Besides, participants with multiple-domain SCD reported poorer sleep quality than those with single-domain SCD (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Sleep dysregulation is prevalent in older adults with a risk for dementia. Our findings revealed that objectively measured sleep duration might be an early sign of MCI. Individuals with high levels of SCD demonstrated poorerself-perceived sleep quality and deserved more attention. Improving sleep quality might be a potential target to prevent cognitive decline for people with a risk for dementia.
{"title":"Sleep Characteristics in Older Adults with Different Levels of Risk for Dementia: A Cross-sectional Study.","authors":"Xiuxiu Huang, Shifang Zhang, Yuxi Fang, Xiaoyan Zhao, Ting Cao, Yongan Sun, Qiaoqin Wan","doi":"10.2174/1567205020666230303110244","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1567205020666230303110244","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sleep problems are very prevalent in older adults, especially in those at risk for dementia. But the relationships between sleep parameters and subjective or objective cognitive decline are still inconclusive.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The study aimed to investigate the self-reported and objectively measured sleep characteristics in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and subjective cognitive decline (SCD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study adopted a cross-sectional design. We included older adults with SCD or MCI. Sleep quality was measured separately by the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and ActiGraph. Participants with SCD were divided into low, moderate, and high levels of SCD groups. Independent samples T-tests, one-way ANOVA, or nonparametric tests were used to compare the sleep parameters across groups. Covariance analyses were also performed to control the covariates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Around half of the participants (45.9%) reported poor sleep quality (PSQI<7), and 71.3% of participants slept less than 7 hours per night, as measured by ActiGraph. Participants with MCI showed shorter time in bed (TIB) (p<0.05), a tendency of shorter total sleep time (TST) at night (p = 0.074) and for each 24-hour cycle (p = 0.069), compared to those with SCD. The high SCD group reported the highest PSQI total score and longest sleep latency than all the other three groups (p<0.05). Both the MCI and high SCD groups had shorter TIB and TST for each 24-hour cycle than the low or moderate SCD groups. Besides, participants with multiple-domain SCD reported poorer sleep quality than those with single-domain SCD (p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sleep dysregulation is prevalent in older adults with a risk for dementia. Our findings revealed that objectively measured sleep duration might be an early sign of MCI. Individuals with high levels of SCD demonstrated poorerself-perceived sleep quality and deserved more attention. Improving sleep quality might be a potential target to prevent cognitive decline for people with a risk for dementia.</p>","PeriodicalId":10810,"journal":{"name":"Current Alzheimer research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10821233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Depression is one of the most common neuropsychiatric symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) which decreases the life quality of both patients and caregivers. There are currently no effective drugs. It is therefore important to explore the pathogenesis of depression in AD patients.
Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the characteristics of the entorhinal cortex (EC) functional connectivity (FC) in the whole brain neural network of AD patients with depression (D-AD).
Methods: Twenty-four D-AD patients, 14 AD patients without depression (nD-AD), and 20 healthy controls underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. We set the EC as the seed and used FC analysis. One-way analysis of variance was used to examine FC differences among the three groups.
Results: Using the left EC as the seed point, there were FC differences among the three groups in the left EC-inferior occipital gyrus. Using the right EC as the seed point, there were FC differences among the three groups in the right EC-middle frontal gyrus, -superior parietal gyrus, -superior medial frontal gyrus, and -precentral gyrus. Compared with the nD-AD group, the D-AD group had increased FC between the right EC and right postcentral gyrus.
Conclusion: Asymmetry of FC in the EC and increased FC between the EC and right postcentral gyrus may be important in the pathogenesis of depression in AD.
背景:抑郁症是阿尔茨海默病(AD)最常见的神经精神症状之一,会降低患者和护理者的生活质量。目前还没有有效的药物。因此,探索阿尔茨海默病患者抑郁症的发病机制非常重要:本研究旨在探讨抑郁症 AD 患者(D-AD)全脑神经网络中内侧皮层(EC)功能连接(FC)的特征:24名D-AD患者、14名未患抑郁症的AD患者(nD-AD)和20名健康对照者接受了静息态功能磁共振成像。我们以EC为种子,采用FC分析。我们采用单因素方差分析来研究三组患者的功能障碍差异:结果:以左侧EC为种子点,三组之间在左侧EC-枕骨下回存在FC差异。以右侧EC为种子点,三组在右侧EC-额叶中回、-顶叶上回、-额叶内上回和-中央前回存在FC差异。与 nD-AD 组相比,D-AD 组右侧 EC 和右侧中央后回之间的 FC 增加:结论:EC FC的不对称性以及EC与右侧中央后回之间FC的增加可能是AD抑郁症发病机制中的重要因素。
{"title":"The Characteristics of Entorhinal Cortex Functional Connectivity in Alzheimer's Disease Patients with Depression.","authors":"Haokai Zhu, Hong Zhu, Xiaozheng Liu, Fuquan Wei, Huichao Li, Zhongwei Guo","doi":"10.2174/1567205020666230303093112","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1567205020666230303093112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Depression is one of the most common neuropsychiatric symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) which decreases the life quality of both patients and caregivers. There are currently no effective drugs. It is therefore important to explore the pathogenesis of depression in AD patients.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study aimed to investigate the characteristics of the entorhinal cortex (EC) functional connectivity (FC) in the whole brain neural network of AD patients with depression (D-AD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-four D-AD patients, 14 AD patients without depression (nD-AD), and 20 healthy controls underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. We set the EC as the seed and used FC analysis. One-way analysis of variance was used to examine FC differences among the three groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Using the left EC as the seed point, there were FC differences among the three groups in the left EC-inferior occipital gyrus. Using the right EC as the seed point, there were FC differences among the three groups in the right EC-middle frontal gyrus, -superior parietal gyrus, -superior medial frontal gyrus, and -precentral gyrus. Compared with the nD-AD group, the D-AD group had increased FC between the right EC and right postcentral gyrus.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Asymmetry of FC in the EC and increased FC between the EC and right postcentral gyrus may be important in the pathogenesis of depression in AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":10810,"journal":{"name":"Current Alzheimer research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10821235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-17DOI: 10.2174/1567205020666230217091540
Florin Despa
Alzheimer Disease (AD) pathology has been linked to brain accumulation of β amyloid (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tau tangles. An intriguing question is whether targeting therapeutically factors independent of Aβ and tau pathologies could delay or even stop neurodegeneration. Amylin, a pancreatic hormone co-secreted with insulin, is believed to play a role in the central regulation of satiation and was shown to form pancreatic amyloid in persons with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that amyloid-forming amylin secreted from the pancreas synergistically aggregates with vascular and parenchymal Aβ in the brain, in both sporadic and early-onset familial AD. Pancreatic expression of amyloid-forming human amylin in AD-model rats accelerates AD-like pathology, whereas genetically suppressed amylin secretion protects against AD effects. Thus, current data suggest a role of pancreatic amyloid-forming amylin in modifying AD; further research is required to test whether lowering circulating amylin levels early during AD pathogenesis may curb cognitive decline.
{"title":"Bloodborne Pancreatic Amylin, A Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer's Disease.","authors":"Florin Despa","doi":"10.2174/1567205020666230217091540","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1567205020666230217091540","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer Disease (AD) pathology has been linked to brain accumulation of β amyloid (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tau tangles. An intriguing question is whether targeting therapeutically factors independent of Aβ and tau pathologies could delay or even stop neurodegeneration. Amylin, a pancreatic hormone co-secreted with insulin, is believed to play a role in the central regulation of satiation and was shown to form pancreatic amyloid in persons with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that amyloid-forming amylin secreted from the pancreas synergistically aggregates with vascular and parenchymal Aβ in the brain, in both sporadic and early-onset familial AD. Pancreatic expression of amyloid-forming human amylin in AD-model rats accelerates AD-like pathology, whereas genetically suppressed amylin secretion protects against AD effects. Thus, current data suggest a role of pancreatic amyloid-forming amylin in modifying AD; further research is required to test whether lowering circulating amylin levels early during AD pathogenesis may curb cognitive decline.</p>","PeriodicalId":10810,"journal":{"name":"Current Alzheimer research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10753015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, multifactorial, chronic, neurodegenerative disease with high prevalence and limited therapeutic options, making it a global health crisis. Being the most common cause of dementia, AD erodes the cognitive, functional, and social abilities of the individual and causes escalating medical and psychosocial needs. As yet, this disorder has no cure and current treatment options are palliative in nature. There is an urgent need for novel therapy to address this pressing challenge. Digital therapeutics (Dtx) is one such novel therapy that is gaining popularity globally. Dtx provides evidence based therapeutic interventions driven by internet and software, employing tools such as mobile devices, computers, videogames, apps, sensors, virtual reality aiding in the prevention, management, and treatment of ailments like neurological abnormalities and chronic diseases. Dtx acts as a supportive tool for the optimization of patient care, individualized treatment and improved health outcomes. Dtx uses visual, sound and other non-invasive approaches for instance-consistent therapy, reminiscence therapy, computerised cognitive training, semantic and phonological assistance devices, wearables and computer-assisted rehabilitation environment to find applications in Alzheimer's disease for improving memory, cognition, functional abilities and managing motor symptom. A few of the Dtx-based tools employed in AD include "Memory Matters", "AlzSense", "Alzheimer Assistant", "smart robotic dog", "Immersive virtual reality (iVR)" and the most current gamma stimulation. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current trends in digital health in AD and explore the benefits, challenges, and impediments of using Dtx as an adjunctive therapy for the management of AD.
阿尔茨海默病(AD)是一种进展性、多因素、慢性、神经退行性疾病,发病率高,治疗手段有限,已成为全球性健康危机。作为痴呆症最常见的病因,阿兹海默症会侵蚀患者的认知、功能和社交能力,导致医疗和心理需求不断增加。到目前为止,这种疾病还没有治愈的方法,目前的治疗方案都是缓解性的。我们迫切需要新型疗法来应对这一紧迫挑战。数字疗法(Dtx)就是这样一种在全球范围内日益流行的新型疗法。Dtx 通过互联网和软件,利用移动设备、计算机、电子游戏、应用程序、传感器、虚拟现实等工具,提供循证治疗干预,帮助预防、管理和治疗神经异常和慢性疾病等疾病。Dtx 是优化病人护理、个性化治疗和改善健康状况的辅助工具。Dtx 采用视觉、声音和其他非侵入性方法,例如连贯疗法、回忆疗法、计算机化认知训练、语义和语音辅助设备、可穿戴设备和计算机辅助康复环境,可应用于阿尔茨海默病,以改善记忆、认知、功能能力和控制运动症状。在阿尔茨海默病中应用的基于 Dtx 的工具包括 "记忆事项"、"AlzSense"、"阿尔茨海默助手"、"智能机器狗"、"沉浸式虚拟现实(iVR)"和最新的伽马刺激。本综述旨在总结当前 AD 数字健康的发展趋势,并探讨使用 Dtx 作为辅助疗法治疗 AD 的益处、挑战和障碍。
{"title":"Digital Intervention For The Management Of Alzheimer's Disease.","authors":"Namish Manchanda, Akanksha Aggarwal, Sonal Setya, Sushama Talegaonkar","doi":"10.2174/1567205020666230206124155","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1567205020666230206124155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, multifactorial, chronic, neurodegenerative disease with high prevalence and limited therapeutic options, making it a global health crisis. Being the most common cause of dementia, AD erodes the cognitive, functional, and social abilities of the individual and causes escalating medical and psychosocial needs. As yet, this disorder has no cure and current treatment options are palliative in nature. There is an urgent need for novel therapy to address this pressing challenge. Digital therapeutics (Dtx) is one such novel therapy that is gaining popularity globally. Dtx provides evidence based therapeutic interventions driven by internet and software, employing tools such as mobile devices, computers, videogames, apps, sensors, virtual reality aiding in the prevention, management, and treatment of ailments like neurological abnormalities and chronic diseases. Dtx acts as a supportive tool for the optimization of patient care, individualized treatment and improved health outcomes. Dtx uses visual, sound and other non-invasive approaches for instance-consistent therapy, reminiscence therapy, computerised cognitive training, semantic and phonological assistance devices, wearables and computer-assisted rehabilitation environment to find applications in Alzheimer's disease for improving memory, cognition, functional abilities and managing motor symptom. A few of the Dtx-based tools employed in AD include \"Memory Matters\", \"AlzSense\", \"Alzheimer Assistant\", \"smart robotic dog\", \"Immersive virtual reality (iVR)\" and the most current gamma stimulation. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current trends in digital health in AD and explore the benefits, challenges, and impediments of using Dtx as an adjunctive therapy for the management of AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":10810,"journal":{"name":"Current Alzheimer research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10650624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}