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Memory Enhancing and Neurogenesis Activity of Honey Bee Venom in the Symptoms of Amnesia: Using Rats with Amnesia-like Alzheimer's Disease as a Model. 蜂毒在健忘症症状中的记忆增强和神经发生活性:以健忘症样阿尔茨海默病大鼠为模型
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/1567205020666230614143027
Khaled M Khleifat, Nafe M Al-Tawarah, Mohammad A Al-Kafaween, We'am Al-Ksasbeh, Haitham Qaralleh, Moath Alqaraleh, Khawla D Al-Hamaideh, Yousef M Al-Saraireh, Ahmad Z Al-Sarayreh, Yaseen T Al-Qaisi, Abu Bakar Mohd Hilmi

Background/objective: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is mainly characterized by amnesia that affects millions of people worldwide. This study aims to explore the effectiveness capacities of bee venom (BV) for the enhancement of the memory process in a rat model with amnesia-like AD.

Methods: The study protocol contains two successive phases, nootropic and therapeutic, in which two BV doses (D1; 0.25 and D2: 0.5 mg/kg i.p.) were used. In the nootropic phase, treatment groups were compared statistically with a normal group. Meanwhile, in the therapeutic phase, BV was administered to scopolamine (1mg/kg) to induce amnesia-like AD in a rat model in which therapeutic groups were compared with a positive group (donepezil; 1mg/kg i.p.). Behavioral analysis was performed after each phase by Working Memory (WM) and Long-Term Memory (LTM) assessments using radial arm maze (RAM) and passive avoidance tests (PAT). Neurogenic factors; Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and Doublecortin (DCX) were measured in plasma using ELISA and Immunohistochemistry analysis of hippocampal tissues, respectively.

Results: During the nootropic phase, treatment groups demonstrated a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in RAM latency times, spatial WM errors, and spatial reference errors compared with the normal group. In addition, the PA test revealed a significant (P < 0.05) enhancement of LTM after 72 hours in both treatment groups; D1 and D2. In the therapeutic phase, treatment groups reflected a significant (P < 0.05) potent enhancement in the memory process compared with the positive group; less spatial WM errors, spatial reference errors, and latency time during the RAM test, and more latency time after 72 hours in the light room. Moreover, results presented a marked increase in the plasma level of BDNF, as well as increased hippocampal DCX-positive data in the sub-granular zone within the D1 and D2 groups compared with the negative group (P < 0.05) in a dose-dependent manner.

Conclusion: This study revealed that injecting BV enhances and increases the performance of both WM and LTM. Conclusively, BV has a potential nootropic and therapeutic activity that enhances hippocampal growth and plasticity, which in turn improves WM and LTM. Given that this research was conducted using scopolamine-induced amnesia-like AD in rats, it suggests that BV has a potential therapeutic activity for the enhancement of memory in AD patients in a dose-dependent manner but further investigations are needed.

背景/目的:阿尔茨海默病(AD)的主要特征是健忘症,影响着全世界数百万人。本研究旨在探讨蜂毒(BV)对健忘症样AD大鼠模型记忆过程的增强作用。方法:研究方案包括促智和治疗两个连续阶段,其中两个BV剂量(D1;采用0.25和D2: 0.5 mg/kg。在促智期,治疗组与正常组比较有统计学意义。同时,在治疗期,BV与东莨菪碱(1mg/kg)联合诱导大鼠模型失忆症样AD,治疗组与阳性组(多奈哌齐;1毫克/公斤i.p)。行为分析在每个阶段结束后采用工作记忆(WM)和长期记忆(LTM)评估,采用桡臂迷宫(RAM)和被动回避测试(PAT)。神经源性因素;采用ELISA法和免疫组化法分别测定血浆中脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)和双皮质素(DCX)含量。结果:与正常组相比,各治疗组在促智期RAM潜伏期、空间WM误差和空间参考误差均显著降低(P < 0.05)。PA试验显示,两组大鼠72h后LTM均显著增强(P < 0.05);D1和D2。在治疗阶段,治疗组与阳性组相比,记忆过程有显著增强(P < 0.05);RAM测试时的空间WM误差、空间参考误差和延迟时间较小,光照室内72小时后的延迟时间较大。结果显示,与阴性组相比,D1组和D2组血浆BDNF水平显著升高,海马亚颗粒区dcx阳性数据显著增加(P < 0.05),且呈剂量依赖性。结论:本研究显示注射BV可增强和提高WM和LTM的性能。总之,BV具有潜在的促智和治疗活性,可以促进海马的生长和可塑性,从而改善WM和LTM。考虑到本研究是在大鼠东莨菪碱诱导的遗忘样AD中进行的,这表明BV对AD患者的记忆增强具有潜在的治疗作用,且呈剂量依赖性,但还需要进一步的研究。
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引用次数: 0
Ameliorative effects of phytomedicines on Alzheimer's patients. 植物药物对阿尔茨海默病患者的改善作用。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2022-06-10 DOI: 10.2174/1567205019666220610155608
R. Khandia, Neerja Viswanathan, Shailja Singhal, T. Alqahtani, Mohannad A Almikhlafi, Alexander Nikolaevich Simonov, Ghulam Md Ashraf
INTRODUCTIONAlzheimer's Disease (AD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disease that severely affects affected individuals' cognitive abilities, memory, and quality of life. It affects the elderly population, and there is no permanent prevention or cures available today, treatments mainly aiming to alleviate the symptoms as and when they appear. Alternate therapeutic approaches are being researched constantly, and there is a growing focus on phytomedicine, herbal medicine, organic compounds, ayurvedic compounds for the treatment of AD.METHODSThe current study aims to provide an extensive review of these plants against AD from the currently existing literature. Most relevant keywords like Alzheimer's Disease, phytomedicines, ethnic medicines, the role of phytomedicine in neuroprotection, common phytomedicines against AD etc., were used to select the plants and their metabolites effective in treating AD. The study focuses on six plants: Panax ginseng, Ginkgo biloba, Bacopa monnieri, Withania somnifera, Curcuma longa, and Lavandula angustifolia. Their active components have been studied alongwith, neuroprotective properties, and evidence of in-vitro, pre-clinical studies, and clinical studies conducted to prove their therapeutic potential against the disease have been presented.RESULTSAll plants envisaged in the study show potential for fighting against AD to varying degrees. Their compounds have shown therapeutic effect by reversing the neurological changes such as clearing Aβ plaque and neurofibrillary tangle formation, and ameliorative effects against neurodegeneration through processes including improving concentration, memory, cognition and learning, higher working and cue memory, improved spatial memory, inhibition of NF-κB expression, inhibiting the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, inhibition of AChE and lipid peroxidase enzymes, and reduction of interleukin levels and tumor necrosis factor-alpha.CONCLUSIONThe present review is a comprehensive and up-to-date analysis supported with the evidentiary profs from pre-clinical studies, meta-analyses, and review papers related to natural phytochemicals' impact on neurodegenerative disorders like AD.
引言阿尔茨海默病(AD)是一种进行性神经退行性疾病,严重影响患者的认知能力、记忆力和生活质量。它影响到老年人,目前还没有永久的预防或治疗方法,主要是在症状出现时缓解症状。替代治疗方法正在不断研究中,人们越来越关注用于治疗AD的植物药、草药、有机化合物、阿育吠陀化合物。本研究旨在从现有文献中对这些植物抗AD进行广泛综述。使用阿尔茨海默病、植物药物、民族药物、植物药物在神经保护中的作用、常见的抗AD植物药物等最相关的关键词来选择对治疗AD有效的植物及其代谢产物。本研究重点研究了六种植物:人参、银杏、蒙氏叶、紫薇、姜黄和狭叶薰衣草。它们的活性成分已经与神经保护特性一起进行了研究,并提出了体外、临床前研究和临床研究的证据,以证明它们对该疾病的治疗潜力。结果研究中设想的所有植物都显示出不同程度对抗AD的潜力。它们的化合物通过逆转神经系统的变化(如清除Aβ斑块和神经原纤维缠结的形成)显示出治疗效果,并通过改善注意力、记忆、认知和学习、更高的工作和线索记忆、改善空间记忆、抑制NF-κB表达等过程改善神经退行性变,抑制促炎细胞因子的释放,抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶和脂质过氧化物酶,降低白细胞介素水平和肿瘤坏死因子α,以及与天然植物化学物质对AD等神经退行性疾病的影响相关的综述论文。
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引用次数: 1
Tele-Mindfulness for Dementia's Family Caregivers: a Randomized Trial with a Usual Care Control Group. 痴呆症家庭照顾者的远程正念:常规护理对照组的随机试验。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2022-05-14 DOI: 10.2174/1567205019666220514131015
Shadi Zarei, G. Lakhanpal, J. Sadavoy
BACKGROUNDCaring for a family member with dementia is stressful and challenging. Family caregivers, as a vulnerable marginalized population and invisible backbone of the health care system, need accessible and effective interventions that are tailored to their particular needs.OBJECTIVESTo evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of a live online mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (tele-MBCT) intervention for family caregivers of individuals with dementia.METHODFamily caregivers were assigned to a tele-MBCT intervention or a usual care control group. Tele-MBCT participants attended eight weekly live online training and practiced mindfulness practices at home. All participants completed surveys at baseline, post-intervention, and 4-week follow-up.RESULTS26 participants (age 60±13 years) were enrolled and randomized (14 into the intervention and 12 into the control group), and 92.3% completed the study. 88% of the participants were female, and 70% were caring for a parent for the mean of 5.12±2.88 years. 84% of the participants in the intervention group attended at least seven sessions and the average of daily practice was 23.58±45.71 minutes. All participants were satisfied with the intervention, and 88.8% were satisfied with the online delivery method. Participants in the intervention group showed Pre-Post improvement in self-compassion (t (11) = -2.49, p=0.03) and coping strategies (t (11) = 3.62, p=0.004) compared to the control group.CONCLUSIONTele-MBCT is a feasible intervention and may improve psychological outcomes and adaptive coping in family caregivers of individuals with dementia. A larger controlled trial is warranted.
照顾患有痴呆症的家庭成员是一项压力和挑战。家庭照护者作为弱势边缘人群和卫生保健系统的无形支柱,需要针对其特殊需求提供可获得和有效的干预措施。目的评估在线正念认知疗法(远程- mbct)干预痴呆患者家庭护理人员的可行性和有效性。方法将家庭照顾者分为远程mbct干预组和常规护理对照组。远程mbct参与者每周参加8次实时在线培训,并在家练习正念练习。所有参与者在基线、干预后和4周随访时完成调查。结果共纳入26例患者(年龄60±13岁),随机分组(干预组14例,对照组12例),92.3%的患者完成了研究。88%的参与者为女性,70%的参与者照顾父母,平均为5.12±2.88年。干预组84%的参与者至少参加了7次练习,平均每天练习23.58±45.71分钟。所有参与者都对干预感到满意,88.8%的参与者对在线交付方式感到满意。干预组在自我同情(t (11) = -2.49, p=0.03)和应对策略(t (11) = 3.62, p=0.004)方面均较对照组有改善。结论远程mbct是一种可行的干预手段,可改善痴呆患者家庭照顾者的心理结局和适应性应对。有必要进行更大规模的对照试验。
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引用次数: 2
Link of BIN1, CLU and IDE gene polymorphisms with the susceptibility of Alzheimer's disease: evidence from a meta-analysis. BIN1、CLU和IDE基因多态性与阿尔茨海默病易感性的联系:来自荟萃分析的证据
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2022-05-11 DOI: 10.2174/1567205019666220511140955
M. Abdul Aziz, Ghulam Md Ashraf, M. Safiqul Islam
BACKGROUNDAlzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of neurodegenerative disorder. The association of BIN1, CLU and IDE genetic polymorphisms with AD risk have been evaluated overtimes that produced conflicting outcomes.OBJECTIVEWe performed this meta-analysis to investigate the contribution of BIN1 (rs744373 and rs7561528), CLU (rs11136000 and rs9331888), and IDE (rs1887922) polymorphisms to AD risk.METHODSFrom a systemic literature search up to July 15, 2021, we included 25 studies with rs744373, 16 studies with rs7561528, 37 studies with rs11136000, 16 studies with rs9331888, and 4 studies with rs1887922. To analyze the correlation, we constructed seven genetic models that used odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals. We used RevMan 5.4 for meta-analysis.RESULTSOur study suggests that BIN1 rs744373 is associated with a significantly increased risk of AD in five genetic models (OR>1). Again, CLU rs11136000 showed reduced association in all genetic models (OR<1). CLU rs9331888 revealed an increased association in two models (OR>1). The IDE rs1887922 showed significantly increased risk in four models (OR>1). From subgroup analysis, a significantly increased risk of AD was observed in Caucasians and Asians for BIN1 rs744373. Again, BIN1 rs7561528 showed a significantly enhanced risk of AD only in Caucasians. CLU rs11136000 showed significantly reduced risk in Caucasians but rs9331888 showed increased risk in the same ethnicity.CONCLUSIONOur meta-analysis confirms the association of BIN1 rs744373, CLU rs9331888 and IDE rs1887922 polymorphisms with an increased risk of AD, especially in Caucasians. Again, CLU rs11136000 is associated with reduced AD risk in the overall population and Caucasians.
背景:阿尔茨海默病(AD)是最常见的神经退行性疾病。BIN1、CLU和IDE基因多态性与AD风险的关系已被长期评估,但结果相互矛盾。目的:研究BIN1 (rs744373和rs7561528)、CLU (rs11136000和rs9331888)和IDE (rs1887922)多态性对AD风险的影响。方法通过系统文献检索,截至2021年7月15日,我们纳入了25项rs744373、16项rs7561528、37项rs11136000、16项rs9331888和4项rs1887922的研究。为了分析相关性,我们使用比值比和95%置信区间构建了7个遗传模型。我们使用RevMan 5.4进行meta分析。结果我们的研究表明,在5种遗传模型中,BIN1 rs744373与阿尔茨海默病风险显著增加相关(OR bbb1)。同样,CLU rs11136000在所有遗传模型中均显示相关性降低(OR1)。IDE rs1887922在四种模型中显示出显著增加的风险(OR>1)。从亚组分析来看,携带BIN1 rs744373的高加索人和亚洲人患AD的风险显著增加。同样,BIN1 rs7561528仅在白种人中显示AD的风险显著增加。CLU rs11136000在白种人中风险显著降低,而rs9331888在同一种族中风险增加。我们的荟萃分析证实了BIN1 rs744373、CLU rs9331888和IDE rs1887922多态性与AD风险增加的相关性,尤其是在白种人中。同样,CLU rs11136000与总体人群和白种人的AD风险降低有关。
{"title":"Link of BIN1, CLU and IDE gene polymorphisms with the susceptibility of Alzheimer's disease: evidence from a meta-analysis.","authors":"M. Abdul Aziz, Ghulam Md Ashraf, M. Safiqul Islam","doi":"10.2174/1567205019666220511140955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1567205019666220511140955","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of neurodegenerative disorder. The association of BIN1, CLU and IDE genetic polymorphisms with AD risk have been evaluated overtimes that produced conflicting outcomes.\u0000\u0000\u0000OBJECTIVE\u0000We performed this meta-analysis to investigate the contribution of BIN1 (rs744373 and rs7561528), CLU (rs11136000 and rs9331888), and IDE (rs1887922) polymorphisms to AD risk.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000From a systemic literature search up to July 15, 2021, we included 25 studies with rs744373, 16 studies with rs7561528, 37 studies with rs11136000, 16 studies with rs9331888, and 4 studies with rs1887922. To analyze the correlation, we constructed seven genetic models that used odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals. We used RevMan 5.4 for meta-analysis.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Our study suggests that BIN1 rs744373 is associated with a significantly increased risk of AD in five genetic models (OR>1). Again, CLU rs11136000 showed reduced association in all genetic models (OR<1). CLU rs9331888 revealed an increased association in two models (OR>1). The IDE rs1887922 showed significantly increased risk in four models (OR>1). From subgroup analysis, a significantly increased risk of AD was observed in Caucasians and Asians for BIN1 rs744373. Again, BIN1 rs7561528 showed a significantly enhanced risk of AD only in Caucasians. CLU rs11136000 showed significantly reduced risk in Caucasians but rs9331888 showed increased risk in the same ethnicity.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000Our meta-analysis confirms the association of BIN1 rs744373, CLU rs9331888 and IDE rs1887922 polymorphisms with an increased risk of AD, especially in Caucasians. Again, CLU rs11136000 is associated with reduced AD risk in the overall population and Caucasians.","PeriodicalId":10810,"journal":{"name":"Current Alzheimer research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48695539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Poloxamer-188 Exacerbates Brain Amyloidosis, Presynaptic Dystrophies, and Pathogenic Microglial Activation in 5XFAD Mice. 在5XFAD小鼠中,poloxmer -188加重脑淀粉样变性、突触前营养不良和致病性小胶质细胞激活
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2022-05-09 DOI: 10.2174/1567205019666220509143823
A. Di Meco, Shahrnaz Kemal, J. Popović, S. Chandra, Katherine R. Sadleir, R. Vassar
BACKGROUNDAlzheimer's disease (AD) is initiated by aberrant accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) protein in the brain parenchyma. The microenvironment surrounding amyloid plaques is characterized by the swelling of presynaptic terminals (dystrophic neurites) associated with lysosomal dysfunction, microtubule disruption and impaired axonal transport. Aβ-induced plasma membrane damage and calcium influx could be potential mechanisms underlying dystrophic neurite formation.OBJECTIVEWe tested whether promoting membrane integrity by brain administration of a safe FDA approved surfactant molecule poloxamer-188 (P188) could attenuate AD pathology in vivo.METHODSThree-month-old 5XFAD male mice were administered several concentrations of P188 in the brain for 42 days with mini-osmotic pumps. After 42 days, mice were euthanized and assessed for amyloid pathology, dystrophic neurites, pathogenic microglia activation, tau phosphorylation and lysosomal / vesicular trafficking markers in the brain.RESULTSP188 was lethal at the highest concentration of 10mM. Lower concentrations of P188 (1.2, 12 and 120μM) were well tolerated. P188 increased brain Aβ burden, potentially through activation of the γ-secretase pathway. Dystrophic neurite pathology was exacerbated in P188 treated mice as indicated by increased LAMP1 accumulation around Aβ deposits. Pathogenic microglial activation was increased by P188. Total tau levels were decreased by P188. Lysosomal enzyme cathepsin D and calcium-dependent vesicular trafficking regulator synaptotagmin-7 (SYT7) were dysregulated upon P188 administration.CONCLUSIONP188 brain delivery exacerbated amyloid pathology, dystrophic neurites and pathogenic microglial activation in 5XFAD mice. These effects correlated with lysosomal dysfunction and dysregulation of plasma membrane vesicular trafficking. P188 is not a promising therapeutic strategy against AD pathogenesis.
背景:阿尔茨海默病(AD)是由脑实质中淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)的异常积累引起的。淀粉样斑块周围的微环境以突触前终末(营养不良的神经突)肿胀为特征,与溶酶体功能障碍、微管破坏和轴突运输受损有关。β诱导的质膜损伤和钙内流可能是营养不良神经突形成的潜在机制。目的:通过脑内给药,检测FDA批准的安全表面活性剂分子poloxmer -188 (P188)是否能在体内减轻AD病理。方法3月龄5XFAD雄性小鼠用微渗透泵给药42 d。42天后,对小鼠实施安乐死,并评估脑内淀粉样蛋白病理、营养不良的神经突、致病性小胶质细胞活化、tau磷酸化和溶酶体/囊泡运输标志物。结果最高浓度为10mM时,tsp188具有致死性。较低浓度的P188(1.2、12和120μM)耐受良好。P188增加脑Aβ负荷,可能通过激活γ-分泌酶途径。在P188处理的小鼠中,营养不良的神经突病理加剧,这表明在Aβ沉积物周围增加了LAMP1的积累。P188增加了致病性小胶质细胞的活性。总tau水平降低P188。溶酶体酶组织蛋白酶D和钙依赖性囊泡运输调节因子SYT7 (SYT7)在P188给药后失调。结论p188脑内递送加重了5XFAD小鼠的淀粉样蛋白病理、神经突营养不良和致病性小胶质细胞活化。这些影响与溶酶体功能障碍和质膜囊泡运输失调有关。P188不是一种很有希望的治疗AD发病机制的策略。
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引用次数: 1
The Effect of Gut Microbe Dysbiosis on the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and related conditions. 肠道微生物失调对阿尔茨海默病(AD)及相关疾病发病机制的影响
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2022-04-19 DOI: 10.2174/1567205019666220419101205
Mohamed H Nafady, Zeinab S Sayed, Dalia A Abdelkawy, Mostafa E Shebl, R. Elsayed, G. Ashraf, Asma Perveen, Mohamed S. Attia, E. Bahbah
It has been hypothesized that the shift in gut microbiota composition, known as gut microbe dysbiosis, may be correlated with the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is the most common cause of dementia characterized by a gradual deterioration in cognitive function associated with the development of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques. The gut microbiota dysbiosis induces the release of significant amounts of amyloids, lipopolysaccharides, and neurotoxins, which might play a role in modulating signaling pathways and immune activation, leading to the production of proinflammatory cytokines related to the pathogenesis of AD. The dysbiosis of gut microbe is associated with various diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and some neuropsychiatric disorders like depression, anxiety, and stress. It is conceivable that these diseases trigger the onset of AD. Thus, modifying the gut microbiota composition with probiotic and prebiotic supplementation can reduce depression and anxiety symptoms, lower stress reactivity, and improve memory. This narrative review aimed to examine the possible role of gut microbe dysbiosis in AD's pathogenesis.
据推测,肠道微生物群组成的改变,即肠道微生物生态失调,可能与阿尔茨海默病(AD)的发病有关。阿尔茨海默病是痴呆症的最常见原因,其特征是与淀粉样蛋白(a β)斑块的发展相关的认知功能逐渐恶化。肠道菌群失调诱导大量淀粉样蛋白、脂多糖和神经毒素的释放,这些物质可能在调节信号通路和免疫激活中发挥作用,导致促炎细胞因子的产生,与AD的发病机制有关。肠道微生物的生态失调与各种疾病有关,如2型糖尿病、肥胖、高血压和一些神经精神疾病,如抑郁、焦虑和压力。可以想象,这些疾病会引发阿尔茨海默病的发病。因此,通过补充益生菌和益生元来改变肠道菌群组成可以减少抑郁和焦虑症状,降低应激反应性,并改善记忆。本文旨在探讨肠道微生物失调在AD发病机制中的可能作用。
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引用次数: 1
Temporal speech parameters detect mild cognitive impairment in different languages: validation and comparison of the Speech-GAP Test® in English and Hungarian. 时间言语参数检测不同语言的轻度认知障碍:英语和匈牙利语speech - gap测试®的验证和比较。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2022-04-18 DOI: 10.2174/1567205019666220418155130
J. Kálmán, D. Devanand, G. Gosztolya, R. Balogh, N. Imre, L. Tóth, I. Hoffmann, Ildikó Kovács, V. Vincze, M. Pákáski
BACKGROUNDThe development of automatic speech recognition (ASR) technology allows the analysis of temporal (time-based) speech parameters characteristic of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, no information has been available on whether the analysis of spontaneous speech can be used with the same efficiency in different language environments.OBJECTIVEThe main goal of this international pilot study is to address the question whether the Speech-Gap Test® (S-GAP Test®), previously tested in the Hungarian language, is appropriate for and applicable to the recognition of MCI in other languages such as English.METHODAfter an initial screening of 88 individuals, English-speaking (n = 33) and Hungarian-speaking (n = 33) participants were classified as having MCI or as healthy controls (HC) based on Petersen's criteria. Speech of each participant was recorded via a spontaneous speech task. 15 temporal parameters were determined and calculated by means of ASR.RESULTSSeven temporal parameters in the English-speaking sample and 5 in the Hungarian-speaking sample showed significant differences between the MCI and the HC group. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis clearly distinguished the English-speaking MCI cases from the HC group based on speech tempo and articulation tempo with 100% sensitivity, and on three more temporal parameters with high sensitivity (85.7%). In the Hungarian-speaking sample, the ROC analysis showed similar sensitivity rates (92.3%).CONCLUSIONThe results of this study in different native-speaking populations suggest that changes in acoustic parameters detected by the S-GAP Test® might be present across different languages.
背景自动语音识别(ASR)技术的发展允许分析轻度认知障碍(MCI)的时间(基于时间)语音参数特征。然而,关于自发语音的分析是否可以在不同的语言环境中以相同的效率使用,目前还没有可用的信息。目标这项国际试点研究的主要目标是解决先前在匈牙利语中测试的语音间隙测试®(S-Gap测试®)是否适合并适用于在英语等其他语言中识别MCI的问题。方法在对88名受试者进行初步筛选后,根据Petersen标准,将说英语(n=33)和说匈牙利语(n=33)的受试者分为MCI或健康对照组(HC)。每个参与者的演讲都是通过自发的演讲任务记录下来的。利用ASR方法确定并计算了15个时间参数。结果MCI组和HC组在英语样本和匈牙利语样本中的时间参数均存在显著差异。受试者操作特征(ROC)分析基于100%灵敏度的语音节奏和发音节奏,以及另外三个高灵敏度(85.7%)的时间参数,清楚地区分了英语MCI病例和HC组。在匈牙利语样本中,ROC分析显示相似的敏感率(92.3%)。结论这项研究在不同母语人群中的结果表明,S-GAP测试®检测到的声学参数的变化可能存在于不同的语言中。
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引用次数: 1
Alzheimer's Disease-Related Psychosis: An Overview of Clinical Manifestations, Pathogenesis, and Current Treatment. 阿尔茨海默病相关精神病:临床表现、发病机制和当前治疗综述。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2022-04-18 DOI: 10.2174/1567205019666220418151914
A. Benmelouka, Yassamine Ouerdane, O. Outani, Y. Alnasser, B. Alghamdi, Asma Perveen, G. Ashraf, M. Ebada
Behavioral and psychotic manifestations, including aggression, delusions, and hallucinations, are frequent comorbidities in patients with debilitating nervous illnesses such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Multiple Sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease. AD-related psychosis may be linked to a poor disease prognosis, highlighting that early detection and management are mandatory. The manifestations are variable and may be very heterogeneous, imposing a real diagnostic issue. Some assessment tools such as BEHAVE-AD, CERAD-BRSD, and the Psycho-Sensory Hallucinations Scale have been designed to facilitate the diagnosis. The mechanisms behind neurodegeneration-related psychosis are complex and are not fully understood, imposing a burden on researchers to find appropriate management modalities. Familial history and some genetic disturbances may have a determinant role in these delusions and hallucinations in cases with AD. The loss of neuronal cells, atrophy in some regions of the central nervous, and synaptic dysfunction may also contribute to these comorbidities. Furthermore, inflammatory disturbances triggered by pro-inflammatory agents such as interleukins and tumor necrosis factors are stratified among the potential risk factors of the onset of numerous psychotic symptoms in Alzheimer's patients. Little is known about the possible management tools; therefore, it is urgent to conduct well-designed trials to investigate pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions that can improve the care process of these patients. This review summarizes the current findings regarding the AD-related psychosis symptoms, pathological features, assessment, and management.
行为和精神表现,包括攻击性、妄想和幻觉,是阿尔茨海默病(AD)、肌萎缩性侧索硬化症、多发性硬化症和帕金森病等衰弱性神经疾病患者常见的合并症。ad相关精神病可能与疾病预后不良有关,强调早期发现和治疗是必须的。表现是可变的,可能是非常异质的,强加了一个真正的诊断问题。一些评估工具,如behavior - ad, CERAD-BRSD和心理-感觉幻觉量表已经被设计用来促进诊断。神经退行性相关精神病背后的机制是复杂的,并没有完全理解,给研究人员施加了负担,以找到适当的管理模式。家族病史和一些遗传障碍可能在阿尔茨海默病患者的这些妄想和幻觉中起决定性作用。神经元细胞的丧失、中枢神经某些区域的萎缩和突触功能障碍也可能导致这些合并症。此外,由白细胞介素和肿瘤坏死因子等促炎因子引发的炎症紊乱是阿尔茨海默病患者许多精神病性症状发生的潜在危险因素之一。人们对可能的管理工具知之甚少;因此,迫切需要进行精心设计的试验,以研究可以改善这些患者护理过程的药物和非药物干预措施。本文综述了目前有关ad相关精神病的症状、病理特征、评估和治疗的研究结果。
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引用次数: 1
A timeline of Ca2+/cAMP signalling: From basic research to potential therapeutics for dementia. Ca2+/cAMP信号传导的时间表:从基础研究到痴呆症的潜在治疗方法。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2022-04-15 DOI: 10.2174/1567205019666220415125447
L. Bergantin
BACKGROUNDThe hypothesis that a dyshomeostasis of Ca2+ increases the incidence of dementia has been established. In fact, several discoveries have emphasized the concept that a decrease of the excess of Ca2+ could be an interesting pharmacological target to alleviate dementia symptoms. Aging along with a healthy brain can be supported by daily exercise, a self-control in caloric ingestion, and participating in intellectually challenging events. These lifestyle factors may alleviate the excess of Ca2+ resulted from a Ca2+ dyshomeostasis. Curiously, epidemiological, and clinical studies have also reported a clinical relationship among hypertension, diabetes and other inflammatory processes, and a higher risk for a decline of cognition. Considering the cumulative data from the scientific literature, including data of high evidence such as meta-analysis and systematic reviews, we can now link a Ca2+ dyshomeostasis as an upstream factor for hypertension, diabetes and other inflammatory processes, and dementia. Several reports have also indicated that increasing cAMP levels may induce neuroprotective outcomes, thus alleviating dementia symptoms.METHODSFrom these concepts in mind, we found that the pharmacological manipulation of Ca2+/cAMP signalling could be a novel plausible target to treat dementia. This article puts together fundamental concepts, and current therapies, to treat dementia, including novel therapeutics coming from the pharmacological manipulation of Ca2+/cAMP signalling.RESULTSThen, combined with improvements in the lifestyle issues, these novel therapeutics may allow sustained improvements in the life quality of age-related neurological patients.CONCLUSIONSIn addition, considering coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly evolving field, this article also reviewed recent reports about the role of Ca2+ channel blockers for restoring Ca2+ signalling disruption due to COVID-19. Finally, this article also presents a timeline of the major events in Ca2+/cAMP signaling.
背景已经建立了Ca2+稳态失调增加痴呆发病率的假说。事实上,一些发现强调了这样一个概念,即减少过量的Ca2+可能是缓解痴呆症状的一个有趣的药理学靶点。日常锻炼、热量摄入的自我控制以及参与智力挑战性活动可以支持衰老和大脑健康。这些生活方式因素可以缓解由Ca2+稳态失调引起的Ca2+过量。奇怪的是,流行病学和临床研究也报告了高血压、糖尿病和其他炎症过程之间的临床关系,以及认知能力下降的更高风险。考虑到科学文献中的累积数据,包括荟萃分析和系统综述等高证据数据,我们现在可以将Ca2+稳态失调作为高血压、糖尿病和其他炎症过程以及痴呆症的上游因素联系起来。一些报告还表明,增加cAMP水平可能会诱导神经保护结果,从而缓解痴呆症状。方法从这些概念出发,我们发现Ca2+/cAMP信号的药理学操作可能是治疗痴呆的一个新的可行靶点。这篇文章汇集了治疗痴呆症的基本概念和当前疗法,包括来自Ca2+/cAMP信号药理学操作的新疗法。结果再加上生活方式问题的改善,这些新的治疗方法可能会持续改善与年龄相关的神经系统患者的生活质量。结论此外,考虑到2019冠状病毒病(新冠肺炎)是一个快速发展的领域,本文还回顾了最近关于Ca2+通道阻断剂在恢复新冠肺炎引起的Ca2+信号中断中的作用的报道。最后,本文还提出了Ca2+/cAMP信号传导中主要事件的时间表。
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引用次数: 0
Clinical and Molecular Findings in a Turkish Family Who Had a (c.879-1G>A) Splicing Variant in PSEN1 Gene with A Rare Condition: The Variant Alzheimer's Disease with Spastic Paraparesis. 一个土耳其家庭的临床和分子发现,该家庭在PSEN1基因中有一个(c.879-1G>a)剪接变体,罕见情况:变体阿尔茨海默病伴痉挛性麻痹。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2022-04-14 DOI: 10.2174/1567205019666220414101251
Mustafa Doğan, R. Eröz, M. Tecellioğlu, A. Gezdirici, B. Çevik, I. Baris
BACKGROUNDEarly-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) is commonly diagnosed with an onset age of earlier than 65 years and accounts for 5-10% of all Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases. To date, although only 10-15% of familial EOAD cases have been explained, the genetic cause of the vast proportion of cases has not been explained. The variant Alzheimer's disease with spastic paraparesis (varAD) is defined as a rare clinical entity characterized by early-onset dementia, spasticity of the lower extremities and gait disturbance. Although the disease was first associated with variants in exon 9 of the PSEN1 gene, it was later shown that variations in other exons were also responsible for the disease.OBJECTIVEThe current study aims to raise awareness of varAD which occurs as a rare phenotype due to pathogenic variants in PSEN1. In addition, we aimed to evaluate the spectrum of mutations in varAD patients identified to date.METHODSDetailed family histories and clinical data were recorded. Whole exome sequencing was performed and co-segregation analysis of the family was done by Sanger sequencing. Also, review of the molecularly confirmed patients with (varAD) from the literature was evaluated.RESULTSWe identified a heterozygous splicing variant (c.869-1G>A) in the PSEN1 gene, in a family with two affected individuals who present with varAD. We reported the clinical and genetic findings from the affected individuals.CONCLUSIONWe present the detailed clinical and genetic profiles of a Turkish patient with diagnosis of varAD together with subjects from the literature. Together, we think that the clinical characteristics and the effect of the (c.869-1G>A) variant will facilitate our understanding of the PSEN1 gene in AD pathogenesis.
背景早发性阿尔茨海默病(EOAD)通常诊断为发病年龄早于65岁,占所有阿尔茨海默病(AD)病例的5-10%。迄今为止,尽管只有10-15%的家族性EOAD病例得到了解释,但绝大多数病例的遗传原因尚未得到解释。变异性阿尔茨海默病伴痉挛性轻瘫(varAD)被定义为一种罕见的临床实体,其特征是早发性痴呆、下肢痉挛和步态障碍。尽管该疾病最初与PSEN1基因外显子9的变异有关,但后来发现其他外显子的变异也与该疾病有关。目的本研究旨在提高人们对varAD的认识,varAD是一种罕见的表型,由PSEN1的致病性变异引起。此外,我们旨在评估迄今为止发现的varAD患者的突变谱。方法记录详细的家族史和临床资料。进行全外显子组测序,并通过Sanger测序对该家族进行共分离分析。此外,对文献中分子确诊的(varAD)患者进行了综述。结果我们在PSEN1基因中发现了一个杂合剪接变异体(c.869-1G>a),在一个有两个varAD患者的家族中。我们报告了受影响个体的临床和遗传学发现。结论我们提供了一名土耳其诊断为varAD患者的详细临床和基因图谱,以及文献中的受试者。总之,我们认为(c.869-1G>A)变体的临床特征和作用将有助于我们理解PSEN1基因在AD发病机制中的作用。
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引用次数: 3
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Current Alzheimer research
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