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Memory Enhancing and Neurogenesis Activity of Honey Bee Venom in the Symptoms of Amnesia: Using Rats with Amnesia-like Alzheimer's Disease as a Model. 蜂毒在健忘症症状中的记忆增强和神经发生活性:以健忘症样阿尔茨海默病大鼠为模型
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/1567205020666230614143027
Khaled M Khleifat, Nafe M Al-Tawarah, Mohammad A Al-Kafaween, We'am Al-Ksasbeh, Haitham Qaralleh, Moath Alqaraleh, Khawla D Al-Hamaideh, Yousef M Al-Saraireh, Ahmad Z Al-Sarayreh, Yaseen T Al-Qaisi, Abu Bakar Mohd Hilmi

Background/objective: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is mainly characterized by amnesia that affects millions of people worldwide. This study aims to explore the effectiveness capacities of bee venom (BV) for the enhancement of the memory process in a rat model with amnesia-like AD.

Methods: The study protocol contains two successive phases, nootropic and therapeutic, in which two BV doses (D1; 0.25 and D2: 0.5 mg/kg i.p.) were used. In the nootropic phase, treatment groups were compared statistically with a normal group. Meanwhile, in the therapeutic phase, BV was administered to scopolamine (1mg/kg) to induce amnesia-like AD in a rat model in which therapeutic groups were compared with a positive group (donepezil; 1mg/kg i.p.). Behavioral analysis was performed after each phase by Working Memory (WM) and Long-Term Memory (LTM) assessments using radial arm maze (RAM) and passive avoidance tests (PAT). Neurogenic factors; Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and Doublecortin (DCX) were measured in plasma using ELISA and Immunohistochemistry analysis of hippocampal tissues, respectively.

Results: During the nootropic phase, treatment groups demonstrated a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in RAM latency times, spatial WM errors, and spatial reference errors compared with the normal group. In addition, the PA test revealed a significant (P < 0.05) enhancement of LTM after 72 hours in both treatment groups; D1 and D2. In the therapeutic phase, treatment groups reflected a significant (P < 0.05) potent enhancement in the memory process compared with the positive group; less spatial WM errors, spatial reference errors, and latency time during the RAM test, and more latency time after 72 hours in the light room. Moreover, results presented a marked increase in the plasma level of BDNF, as well as increased hippocampal DCX-positive data in the sub-granular zone within the D1 and D2 groups compared with the negative group (P < 0.05) in a dose-dependent manner.

Conclusion: This study revealed that injecting BV enhances and increases the performance of both WM and LTM. Conclusively, BV has a potential nootropic and therapeutic activity that enhances hippocampal growth and plasticity, which in turn improves WM and LTM. Given that this research was conducted using scopolamine-induced amnesia-like AD in rats, it suggests that BV has a potential therapeutic activity for the enhancement of memory in AD patients in a dose-dependent manner but further investigations are needed.

背景/目的:阿尔茨海默病(AD)的主要特征是健忘症,影响着全世界数百万人。本研究旨在探讨蜂毒(BV)对健忘症样AD大鼠模型记忆过程的增强作用。方法:研究方案包括促智和治疗两个连续阶段,其中两个BV剂量(D1;采用0.25和D2: 0.5 mg/kg。在促智期,治疗组与正常组比较有统计学意义。同时,在治疗期,BV与东莨菪碱(1mg/kg)联合诱导大鼠模型失忆症样AD,治疗组与阳性组(多奈哌齐;1毫克/公斤i.p)。行为分析在每个阶段结束后采用工作记忆(WM)和长期记忆(LTM)评估,采用桡臂迷宫(RAM)和被动回避测试(PAT)。神经源性因素;采用ELISA法和免疫组化法分别测定血浆中脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)和双皮质素(DCX)含量。结果:与正常组相比,各治疗组在促智期RAM潜伏期、空间WM误差和空间参考误差均显著降低(P < 0.05)。PA试验显示,两组大鼠72h后LTM均显著增强(P < 0.05);D1和D2。在治疗阶段,治疗组与阳性组相比,记忆过程有显著增强(P < 0.05);RAM测试时的空间WM误差、空间参考误差和延迟时间较小,光照室内72小时后的延迟时间较大。结果显示,与阴性组相比,D1组和D2组血浆BDNF水平显著升高,海马亚颗粒区dcx阳性数据显著增加(P < 0.05),且呈剂量依赖性。结论:本研究显示注射BV可增强和提高WM和LTM的性能。总之,BV具有潜在的促智和治疗活性,可以促进海马的生长和可塑性,从而改善WM和LTM。考虑到本研究是在大鼠东莨菪碱诱导的遗忘样AD中进行的,这表明BV对AD患者的记忆增强具有潜在的治疗作用,且呈剂量依赖性,但还需要进一步的研究。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Transcranial Pulse Stimulation for the Treatment of Alzheimer´s Disease and its Related Symptoms. 经颅脉冲刺激治疗阿尔茨海默病及其相关症状的效果。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/1567205020666230727102025
Ramiro Fernández-Castaño, Miguel Ángel Fernández-Blázquez, Iria Echevarría-Fernández, Manuela Cabrera-Freitag, Karin Freitag

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of neurodegenerative cognitive impairment. Brain stimulation techniques based on the delivery of transcranial shockwaves are currently being studied for their increasing popularity as an approach to modulate the human brain in a focal and targeted manner making this therapy a promising line of action against AD. In the present manuscript, we review for further understanding whether transcranial pulse stimulation (TPS) is a beneficial treatment for AD patients. PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases were accessed with the search criteria set from year 2001 to 2022 and the following keywords were used: "transcranial pulse stimulation", "focused ultrasound", "noninvasive treatment and Alzheimer" and "TPS". The search was focused on papers that provide evidence on the biological bases of the method, as well as its safety and tolerability. Even though more studies are needed with greater scientific rigor, such as a doubleblind and randomized study versus a placebo, TPS is an excellent and safe therapeutic option for AD. This novel approach accompanies currently available treatments and complements them, helping to maintain greater stability of the disease and slowing its progression. The biological effects and potential mechanisms of action of TPS for the improvement of cognitive function are further discussed.

阿尔茨海默病(AD)是神经退行性认知障碍的最常见原因。基于经颅冲击波传递的脑刺激技术目前正在研究中,因为它们越来越受欢迎,作为一种以局部和有针对性的方式调节人类大脑的方法,使这种治疗成为对抗AD的有希望的行动路线。在本文中,我们回顾以进一步了解经颅脉冲刺激(TPS)是否对AD患者有益。检索标准为2001 - 2022年的PubMed、Google Scholar和Cochrane数据库,使用的关键词为:“经颅脉冲刺激”、“聚焦超声”、“无创治疗和阿尔茨海默病”和“TPS”。搜索的重点是提供该方法生物学基础证据的论文,以及它的安全性和耐受性。尽管需要更多的科学严谨的研究,如双盲和随机研究与安慰剂相比,TPS是一个很好的和安全的治疗AD的选择。这种新方法伴随着现有的治疗方法并对其进行补充,有助于保持疾病的更大稳定性并减缓其进展。进一步探讨了TPS在改善认知功能方面的生物学效应和可能的作用机制。
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引用次数: 0
Level of knowledge and attitudes towards palliative care for people with advanced dementia in Spain: role of professional and academic factors. 西班牙晚期痴呆症患者对姑息关怀的认识水平和态度:专业和学术因素的作用。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-12-21 DOI: 10.2174/1567205020666221221145259
Pilar Pérez-Ros, Omar Cauli, Iván Julián-Rochina, Carol O Long, Elena Chover-Sierra

Background: Providing quality end-of-life care to individuals with advanced dementia is crucial. To date, little attention has been paid to palliative care knowledge and attitudes toward palliative care for people with advanced dementia in Spain Objectives: To investigate the knowledge of and attitudes toward palliative care for advanced dementia among registered nurses and physicians in Spain.

Design and methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional survey design was used. This study included a convenience sample of 402 nurses (n = 290) and physicians (n = 112). Two instruments were administered: demographic characteristics and Spanish version of the Questionnaire of Palliative Care for Advanced Dementia (qPAD-SV). Descriptive statistics and multiple regression were used for data analysis.

Results: Overall, the nurses and physicians had moderate mean scores for both knowledge of and attitudes regarding palliative care for advanced dementia. Physicians had a higher level of knowledge (p<0.05) compared to nurses. Additionally, physicians and nursing staff who had professional experience/education in geriatrics and those who had received palliative care and hospice training had greater (p<0.01) knowledge of palliative care. In addition, healthcare professionals who had received dementia care training and who had worked in nursing homes had higher levels (p<0.05) of knowledge and attitudes toward palliative care.

Conclusion: This study indicates the need to provide nurses and physicians with more education for select groups of professionals who have had limited education and experience in caring for older adults with advanced dementia.

背景:为晚期痴呆症患者提供高质量的临终关怀至关重要。迄今为止,西班牙很少关注晚期痴呆症患者的姑息关怀知识和对姑息关怀的态度 目标:调查西班牙注册护士和医生对晚期痴呆症姑息关怀的知识和态度:调查西班牙注册护士和医生对晚期痴呆症姑息治疗的认识和态度:采用描述性横断面调查设计。这项研究的样本包括 402 名护士(n = 290)和医生(n = 112)。使用了两种工具:人口统计学特征和西班牙文版晚期痴呆姑息治疗问卷(qPAD-SV)。数据分析采用了描述性统计和多元回归方法:总体而言,护士和医生对晚期痴呆姑息治疗的知识和态度的平均得分都处于中等水平。医生的知识水平较高(p 结论:这项研究表明,需要为护士提供更多关于晚期痴呆症姑息治疗的知识:这项研究表明,有必要为护士和医生提供更多的教育,以帮助那些在护理患有晚期痴呆症的老年人方面教育和经验有限的专业人士。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of metformin on modulating the expression of brain-related genes of APP/PS1 transgenic mice based on Single Cell Sequencing. 基于单细胞测序的二甲双胍对APP/PS1转基因小鼠脑相关基因表达的调节作用
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.2174/1567205020666221201143323
Xiao Qiu-Yue, Ye Tian-Yuan, Wang Xiao-Long, Qi Dong-Mei, Cheng Xiao-Rui

Background: Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia, affecting millions of people worldwide.

Methods: Here, we analyzed the effects of metformin on APP/PS1 transgenic mice by behavioral test and single-cell sequencing. Results showed that metformin can improve the spatial learning, memory function, and anxiety mood of APP/PS1 transgenic mice. We identified transcriptionally distinct subpopulations of nine major brain cell types. Metformin increased the differentiation of stem cells, decreased the proportion of cells in the G2 phase, enhanced the generation of neural stem cells and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, and the tendency of neural stem cells to differentiate into astrocytes. Notably, 253 genes expressed abnormally in APP/PS1 transgenic mice and were reversed by metformin. Ttr, Uba52, and Rps21 are the top 3 genes in the cell-gene network with the highest node degree. Moreover, histochemistry showed the expressions of RPS15, UBA52, and RPL23a were consistent with the data from single-cell sequencing. Pathway and biological process enrichment analysis indicated metformin was involved in nervous system development and negative regulation of the apoptotic process.

Conclusion: Overall, metformin might play an important role in the differentiation and development and apoptotic process of the central nervous system by regulating the expression of Ttr, Uba52, Rps21, and other genes to improve cognition of APP/PS1 transgenic mice. These results provided a clue for elaborating on the molecular and cellular basis of metformin on AD.

背景:阿尔茨海默病是最常见的痴呆症,影响着全球数百万人:方法:本文通过行为测试和单细胞测序分析了二甲双胍对APP/PS1转基因小鼠的影响。结果表明,二甲双胍能改善APP/PS1转基因小鼠的空间学习能力、记忆功能和焦虑情绪。我们在九种主要脑细胞类型中发现了转录不同的亚群。二甲双胍增加了干细胞的分化,降低了G2期细胞的比例,增强了神经干细胞和少突胶质祖细胞的生成,以及神经干细胞向星形胶质细胞分化的趋势。值得注意的是,有253个基因在APP/PS1转基因小鼠体内异常表达,并被二甲双胍逆转。Ttr、Uba52和Rps21是细胞-基因网络中节点度最高的前3个基因。此外,组织化学研究表明,RPS15、UBA52和RPL23a的表达与单细胞测序的数据一致。通路和生物过程富集分析表明,二甲双胍参与了神经系统的发育和凋亡过程的负调控:总之,二甲双胍可能通过调节Ttr、Uba52、Rps21等基因的表达,在中枢神经系统的分化发育和凋亡过程中发挥重要作用,从而改善APP/PS1转基因小鼠的认知能力。这些结果为阐明二甲双胍治疗AD的分子和细胞基础提供了线索。
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引用次数: 0
Pharmacological Management of Dysphagia in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease: A Narrative Review. 阿尔茨海默病患者吞咽困难的药物治疗:叙述性综述。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-11-30 DOI: 10.2174/1567205020666221130091507
Chien-Hsun Li, Sun-Wung Hsieh, Poyin Huang, Hsiu-Yueh Liu, Chun-Hung Chen, Chih-Hsing Hung

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dysphagia are important health and socioeconomic problems in the aging population. Currently, the medical treatment of dysphagia in AD patients remains insufficient, and there are significant gaps in the management and clinical needs to postpone tube feeding. Literatures published over the last 30 years were searched in the PubMed and Embase databases. All relevant and promising pharmacological management studies were included. Because of the heterogeneity in design and methodology, only narrative reports were mentioned. Nine studies were included with two case reports, two case series, and two observational and three randomized controlled trials. The key approaches and clinical problems related to dysphagia include onset pattern, dementia stage, review of offending drugs and polypharmacy, and comorbidities (cerebrovascular disease, hypertension, parkinsonism, depression, and anorexia). The corresponding strategies of pharmacological treatments are further proposed and discussed comprehensively, with transient receptor potential channel modulators as promising treatment. With the integration of adequate and potential pharmacomanagement, AD patients with dysphagia can achieve a good prognosis and postpone tube feeding to maintain a better quality of life. More rigorous studies are needed to verify the effectiveness of innovative strategies and develop targets for neurostimulation.

阿尔茨海默病(AD)和吞咽困难是老龄人口中重要的健康和社会经济问题。目前,针对 AD 患者吞咽困难的医学治疗仍显不足,在管理和临床需求方面存在很大差距,需要推迟管饲。我们在 PubMed 和 Embase 数据库中检索了过去 30 年间发表的文献。所有相关且有前景的药物治疗研究均被纳入。由于在设计和方法上存在异质性,因此只提到了叙述性报告。共纳入 9 项研究,其中包括 2 项病例报告、2 项系列病例、2 项观察性试验和 3 项随机对照试验。与吞咽困难相关的主要方法和临床问题包括发病模式、痴呆阶段、违规药物和多药治疗回顾以及合并症(脑血管疾病、高血压、帕金森病、抑郁症和厌食症)。进一步提出并全面讨论了相应的药物治疗策略,其中瞬时受体电位通道调节剂是一种很有前景的治疗方法。通过整合适当和潜在的药物治疗,AD 患者的吞咽困难可以获得良好的预后,推迟管饲时间,保持更好的生活质量。要验证创新策略的有效性并开发神经刺激靶点,还需要进行更严格的研究。
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引用次数: 0
Construction of lncRNA-ceRNA networks to reveal the potential role of Lfng/Notch1 signaling pathway in Alzheimer's disease. 构建 lncRNA-ceRNA 网络,揭示 Lfng/Notch1 信号通路在阿尔茨海默病中的潜在作用。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-11-30 DOI: 10.2174/1567205020666221130090103
Wanpeng Yu, Man Wang, Yuan Zhang

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) develops through a complex pathological process, in which many genes play a synergistic or antagonistic role. LncRNAs represent a kind of non-coding RNA, which can regulate gene expression at the epigenetic, transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Multiple lncRNAs have been found to have important regulatory functions in AD. Thus, their expression patterns, targets and functions should be explored as therapeutic targets.

Methods: We used deep RNA-seq analysis to detect the dysregulated lncRNAs in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice. We performed Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses to predict the biological roles and potential signaling pathways of dysregulated lncRNAs. Finally, we constructed lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA and lncRNA-mRNA co-expression networks to reveal the potential regulator roles in AD pathogenesis.

Results: Our findings revealed 110 significantly dysregulated lncRNAs. GO and KEGG annotations showed the dysregulated lncRNAs to be closely related to the functions of axon and protein digestion and absorption. The lncRNA-mRNA network showed that 19 lncRNAs regulated App, Prnp, Fgf10 and Il33, while 5 lncRNAs regulated Lfng via the lncRNA-miR-3102-3p-Lfng axis. Furthermore, we preliminarily demonstrated the important regulatory role of the Lfng/Notch1 signaling pathway through lncRNA-ceRNA networks in AD.

Conclusion: We revealed the important regulatory roles of dysregulated lncRNAs in the etiopathogenesis of AD through lncRNA expression profiling. Our results showed that the mechanism involves the regulation of the Lfng/Notch1 signaling pathway.

背景:阿尔茨海默病(AD)的发病过程十分复杂,许多基因在其中发挥着协同或拮抗作用。LncRNA 是一种非编码 RNA,可在表观遗传、转录和转录后水平调控基因表达。目前已发现多种lncRNA在AD中具有重要的调控功能。因此,应将它们的表达模式、靶点和功能作为治疗靶点进行研究:方法:我们利用深度RNA-seq分析检测APP/PS1小鼠海马中表达失调的lncRNAs。我们进行了基因本体(GO)和京都基因组百科全书(KEGG)分析,以预测失调lncRNA的生物学作用和潜在信号通路。最后,我们构建了lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA和lncRNA-mRNA共表达网络,以揭示其在AD发病机制中的潜在调控作用:结果:我们的发现揭示了110个明显失调的lncRNA。GO和KEGG注释显示,失调的lncRNA与轴突和蛋白质消化吸收功能密切相关。lncRNA-mRNA网络显示,19个lncRNA调控App、Prnp、Fgf10和Il33,5个lncRNA通过lncRNA-miR-3102-3p-Lfng轴调控Lfng。此外,我们还初步证明了Lfng/Notch1信号通路通过lncRNA-ceRNA网络在AD中的重要调控作用:我们通过lncRNA表达谱分析揭示了失调的lncRNA在AD发病机制中的重要调控作用。结果表明,其机制涉及Lfng/Notch1信号通路的调控。
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引用次数: 0
White Matter Damage in Alzheimer's Disease: Contribution of Oligodendrocytes. 阿尔茨海默病的白质损伤:少突胶质细胞的贡献
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-10-21 DOI: 10.2174/1567205020666221021115321
Jinyu Zhou, Peng Zhang, Bo Zhang, Yuhan Kong

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease, seriously influencing the quality of life and is a global health problem. Many factors affect the onset and development of AD, but specific mechanisms underlying the disease are unclear. Most studies investigating AD have focused on neurons and the gray matter in the central nervous system (CNS) but have not led to effective treatments. Recently, an increasing number of studies have focused on the white matter (WM). Magnetic resonance imaging and pathology studies have shown different degrees of WM abnormality during the progression of AD. Myelin sheaths, the main component of WM in the CNS, wrap and insulate axons to ensure conduction of the rapid action potential and axonal integrity. WM damage is characterized by progressive degeneration of axons, oligodendrocytes (OLs), and myelin in one or more areas of the CNS. The contributions of OLs to AD progression have, until recently, been largely overlooked. OLs are integral to myelin production, and the proliferation and differentiation of OLs, an early characteristic of AD, provide a promising target for preclinical diagnosis and treatment. However, despite some progress, the key mechanisms underlying the contributions of OLs to AD remain unclear. Given the heavy burden of medical treatment, a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying AD is vital. This review comprehensively summarize the results on WM abnormalities in AD and explores the relationship between OL progenitor cells and the pathogenesis of AD. Finally, the underlying molecular mechanisms and potential future research directions are discussed.

阿尔茨海默病(AD)是一种与年龄相关的神经退行性疾病,严重影响人们的生活质量,是一个全球性的健康问题。影响阿尔茨海默病发病和发展的因素很多,但该病的具体机制尚不清楚。大多数研究都集中在中枢神经系统(CNS)的神经元和灰质上,但并没有找到有效的治疗方法。最近,越来越多的研究开始关注白质(WM)。磁共振成像和病理学研究显示,在注意力缺失症的发展过程中,白质会出现不同程度的异常。髓鞘是中枢神经系统白质的主要组成部分,它包裹并绝缘轴突,以确保快速动作电位的传导和轴突的完整性。中枢神经系统一个或多个区域的轴突、少突胶质细胞(OLs)和髓鞘逐渐退化是WM损伤的特征。直到最近,少突胶质细胞对注意力缺失症进展的贡献在很大程度上一直被忽视。OLs是髓鞘生成不可或缺的部分,OLs的增殖和分化是AD的早期特征,为临床前诊断和治疗提供了一个很有前景的靶点。然而,尽管取得了一些进展,但OLs对AD起作用的关键机制仍不清楚。鉴于医疗负担沉重,更好地了解AD的病理生理机制至关重要。本综述全面总结了有关AD中WM异常的研究结果,并探讨了OL祖细胞与AD发病机制之间的关系。最后,还讨论了潜在的分子机制和未来的研究方向。
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引用次数: 0
Early memory impairment is accompanied by changes in GluA1/p-GluA1 in APP/PS1 mice. APP/PS1小鼠的早期记忆损伤伴随着GluA1/p-GluA1的变化。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-10-19 DOI: 10.2174/1567205020666221019124543
Ya-Bo Zhao, Xue-Fei Hou, Xin Li, Li-Su Zhu, Jing Zhu, Guo-Rui Ma, Yu-Xuan Liu, Yu-Can Miao, Qian-Yu Zhou, Lin Xu, Qi-Xin Zhou

Aims: Exploring the neurobiological mechanisms of early AD damage Background: The early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has a very important impact on the prognosis of AD. However, the early symptoms of AD are not obvious and difficult to diagnose. Existing studies have rarely explored the mechanism of early AD. AMPARs are early important learning memory-related receptors. However, it is not clear how the expression levels of AMPARs change in early AD.

Objective: We explored learning memory abilities and AMPAR expression changes in APP/PS1 mice at 4 months, 8 months, and 12 months.

Method: We used the classic Morris water maze to explore the learning and memory impairment of APP/PS1 mice and used western blotting to explore the changes in AMPARs in APP/PS1 mice.

Result: We found that memory impairment occurred in APP/PS1 mice as early as 4 months of age, and the impairment of learning and memory gradually became serious with age. The changes in GluA1 and p-GluA1 were most pronounced in the early stages of AD in APP/PS1 mice.

Conclusion: Our study found that memory impairment in APP/PS1 mice could be detected as early as 4 months of age, and this early injury may be related to GluA1.

目的:探索阿尔茨海默病早期损害的神经生物学机制 背景:阿尔茨海默病(AD)的早期诊断对其预后有着非常重要的影响:阿尔茨海默病(AD)的早期诊断对其预后有着非常重要的影响。然而,阿尔茨海默病的早期症状并不明显且难以诊断。现有研究很少探讨早期 AD 的发病机制。AMPARs是早期重要的学习记忆相关受体。然而,AMPARs的表达水平在早期AD中如何变化尚不清楚:我们探讨了APP/PS1小鼠在4个月、8个月和12个月时的学习记忆能力和AMPAR的表达变化:方法:我们使用经典的莫里斯水迷宫来探讨APP/PS1小鼠的学习记忆障碍,并使用Western印迹来探讨APP/PS1小鼠AMPARs的变化:结果:我们发现APP/PS1小鼠早在4月龄时就出现了记忆障碍,并且随着年龄的增长,学习记忆障碍逐渐严重。结论:我们的研究发现,APP/PS1小鼠在4月龄时就出现了记忆障碍,随着年龄的增长,学习和记忆障碍逐渐严重,GluA1和p-GluA1的变化在APP/PS1小鼠AD的早期阶段最为明显:结论:我们的研究发现,APP/PS1小鼠的记忆损伤最早可在4月龄时发现,这种早期损伤可能与GluA1有关。
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引用次数: 0
Triglyceride Level- and MTHFR- Specific Mediation Effect of Handgrip Strength on the Association of Dietary Protein Intake and Cognitive Function in the Chinese Elderly. 手握力对中国老年人膳食蛋白质摄入与认知功能相关性的甘油三酯水平和 MTHFR 特异性中介效应
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-10-07 DOI: 10.2174/1567205019666221007093500
Ling Huang, Qian Liu, Jingzhu Fu, Dezheng Zhou, Yue Sun, Huilian Duan, Tong Yang, Jing Zhao, Zehao Wang, Zhenshu Li, Cuixia Dong, Ning Xu, Qinghan Ren, Guoquan Zhang, Wen Li, Fei Ma, Jing Yan, Yue Du, Huan Liu, Changqing Sun, Guangshun Wang, Guowei Huang, Yongjie Chen

Background: Recent findings suggest that both dietary protein intake and hand grip strength (HGS) were associated with cognitive function, however, few studies have been devoted specifically to the mediation effect of HGS on the association of dietary protein with cognitive function.

Objectives: To confirm the hypothesis that HGS mediated the association of dietary protein intake with cognitive function in the elderly, which was modified by triglyceride level and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene status.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 3,268 participants. Dietary protein intake, HGS, and cognitive function were collected by food frequency questionnaires (FFQ), grip measurements and mini mental state examination (MMSE), respectively. In this mediation analysis, dietary protein intake was entered as independent variable, HGS was entered as mediator, and cognitive function was entered as dependent variable.

Results: HGS significantly mediated the associations of dietary protein (β = 0.0013, 95% CI: 0.0007, 0.0022), animal protein (β = 0.0024, 95% CI: 0.0012, 0.0037), and plant protein intake (β = 0.0011, 95% CI: 0.0001, 0.0023) with cognitive function in total participants, with the mediated proportion of 16.19%, 12.45% and 20.57%, respectively. Furthermore, significant mediation effects of HGS on the associations of dietary protein, animal protein, and plant protein intake with MMSE score were found in the elderly without hypertriglyceridemia or in MTHFR C677T CC/CT carriers.

Conclusion: This study suggested that HGS mediated the association of dietary protein intake with cognitive function, and this mediation effect was modified by triglyceride level and MTHFR C677T gene status.

背景:最近的研究结果表明,膳食蛋白质摄入量和手握力(HGS)都与认知功能有关,但很少有研究专门探讨HGS对膳食蛋白质与认知功能的关联的中介作用:目的:证实 HGS 对膳食蛋白质摄入量与老年人认知功能的相关性具有中介作用,而甘油三酯水平和亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(MTHFR)基因状态会改变这种中介作用的假设:这项横断面研究包括 3268 名参与者。通过食物频率问卷(FFQ)、握力测量和迷你精神状态检查(MMSE)分别收集了膳食蛋白质摄入量、HGS和认知功能。在该中介分析中,膳食蛋白质摄入量为自变量,HGS为中介变量,认知功能为因变量:结果:在所有参与者中,HGS对膳食蛋白质(β=0.0013,95% CI:0.0007,0.0022)、动物蛋白质(β=0.0024,95% CI:0.0012,0.0037)和植物蛋白质摄入量(β=0.0011,95% CI:0.0001,0.0023)与认知功能之间的关系有明显的中介作用,中介作用比例分别为16.19%、12.45%和20.57%。此外,在没有高甘油三酯血症的老年人或MTHFR C677T CC/CT携带者中,HGS对膳食蛋白质、动物蛋白和植物蛋白摄入量与MMSE评分的关系有明显的中介作用:本研究表明,HGS能调节膳食蛋白质摄入量与认知功能的关系,而甘油三酯水平和MTHFR C677T基因状态会改变这种调节作用。
{"title":"Triglyceride Level- and MTHFR- Specific Mediation Effect of Handgrip Strength on the Association of Dietary Protein Intake and Cognitive Function in the Chinese Elderly.","authors":"Ling Huang, Qian Liu, Jingzhu Fu, Dezheng Zhou, Yue Sun, Huilian Duan, Tong Yang, Jing Zhao, Zehao Wang, Zhenshu Li, Cuixia Dong, Ning Xu, Qinghan Ren, Guoquan Zhang, Wen Li, Fei Ma, Jing Yan, Yue Du, Huan Liu, Changqing Sun, Guangshun Wang, Guowei Huang, Yongjie Chen","doi":"10.2174/1567205019666221007093500","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1567205019666221007093500","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recent findings suggest that both dietary protein intake and hand grip strength (HGS) were associated with cognitive function, however, few studies have been devoted specifically to the mediation effect of HGS on the association of dietary protein with cognitive function.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To confirm the hypothesis that HGS mediated the association of dietary protein intake with cognitive function in the elderly, which was modified by triglyceride level and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene status.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 3,268 participants. Dietary protein intake, HGS, and cognitive function were collected by food frequency questionnaires (FFQ), grip measurements and mini mental state examination (MMSE), respectively. In this mediation analysis, dietary protein intake was entered as independent variable, HGS was entered as mediator, and cognitive function was entered as dependent variable.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HGS significantly mediated the associations of dietary protein (β = 0.0013, 95% CI: 0.0007, 0.0022), animal protein (β = 0.0024, 95% CI: 0.0012, 0.0037), and plant protein intake (β = 0.0011, 95% CI: 0.0001, 0.0023) with cognitive function in total participants, with the mediated proportion of 16.19%, 12.45% and 20.57%, respectively. Furthermore, significant mediation effects of HGS on the associations of dietary protein, animal protein, and plant protein intake with MMSE score were found in the elderly without hypertriglyceridemia or in MTHFR C677T CC/CT carriers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study suggested that HGS mediated the association of dietary protein intake with cognitive function, and this mediation effect was modified by triglyceride level and MTHFR C677T gene status.</p>","PeriodicalId":10810,"journal":{"name":"Current Alzheimer research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33518174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
High frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation improves cognitive performance parameters in patients with Alzheimer's disease - an exploratory pilot study. 高频重复经颅磁刺激可改善阿尔茨海默病患者的认知能力参数--一项探索性试点研究。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-09-20 DOI: 10.2174/1567205019666220920090919
Friedrich Leblhuber, Simon Geisler, Daniela Ehrlich, Kostja Steiner, Katharina Kurz, Dietmar Fuchs

Background: Currently available medication for Alzheimer's disease (AD) may slows cognitive decline only transitory, but has failed to bring about long term positive effects. For this slowly progressive neurodegenerative disease so far no disease modifying therapy exists.

Objective: To find out if non-pharmacologic non-ivasive neuromodulatory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) may offer a new alternative or an add on therapeutic strategy against loss of cognitive functions.

Methods: In this exploratory intervention study safety and symptom development before and after frontopolar cortex stimulation (FPC) using intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) at 10 subsequent working days was monitored as add-on treatment in 28 consecutive patients with AD. Out of these, 10 randomly selected patients received sham stimulation as a control. In addition, ​serum concentrations of neurotransmitter precursor amino acids, of immune activation and inflammation markers, of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as well as of nitrite were measured.

Results: Treatment was well tolerated, no serious adverse effects were observed. Improvement of cognition was detected by an increase of Mini Mental State Examination score (MMSE; p<0.01, paired rank test) and also by an increase in a modified repeat address phrase test, part of the 6-item cognitive ​impairment test (p < 0.01). A trend to an increase in the clock drawing test (CDT; p = 0.08) was also found in the verum treated group. Furtheron, in 10 of the AD patients with additional symptoms of depression treated with iTBS, a significant decrease in the HAMD-7 scale (p <0.01) and a trend to lower serum phenylalanine concentrations (p = 0.08) was seen. No changes of the parameters tested were found in the sham treated patients.

Conclusion: Our preliminary results may indicate that iTBS is effective in the treatment of AD. Also a slight influence of iTBS on the metabolism of phenylalanine was found after 10 iTBS sessions. An impact of iTBS to influence the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH), as found in previous series of treatment resistant depression, could not be seen in this our first observational trial in 10 AD patients with comorbidity of depression. Longer treatment periods for several weeks in a higher number of AD patients with depression could cause more intense and disease modifying effects visible in different neurotransmitter concentrations important in the pathogenesis of AD.

背景:目前治疗阿尔茨海默病(AD)的药物只能暂时减缓认知功能的衰退,但无法带来长期的积极效果。对于这种缓慢进展的神经退行性疾病,迄今为止还没有改变疾病的疗法:目的:了解非药物性非侵入性神经调节重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)是否能提供一种新的替代或补充治疗策略,以防止认知功能的丧失:在这项探索性干预研究中,连续对 28 名注意力缺失症(AD)患者进行了附加治疗,监测了在随后 10 个工作日内使用间歇性θ脉冲刺激(iTBS)对前极皮层进行刺激(FPC)前后的安全性和症状发展情况。其中,随机抽取的 10 名患者接受了假刺激作为对照。此外,还测量了神经递质前体氨基酸、免疫激活和炎症标志物、脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)以及亚硝酸盐的血清浓度:治疗耐受性良好,未发现严重不良反应。迷你精神状态检查评分(MMSE;p)的提高表明认知能力有所改善:我们的初步研究结果表明,iTBS 可以有效治疗注意力缺失症。此外,经过 10 次 iTBS 治疗后,发现 iTBS 对苯丙氨酸的代谢有轻微影响。iTBS对苯丙氨酸羟化酶(PAH)有影响,这在之前一系列抗药性抑郁症的治疗中已被发现,但在我们对10名合并抑郁症的AD患者进行的首次观察性试验中并未发现。对更多伴有抑郁症的注意力缺失症患者进行为期数周的长期治疗,可能会对注意力缺失症发病机制中重要的不同神经递质浓度产生更强烈的疾病调节作用。
{"title":"High frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation improves cognitive performance parameters in patients with Alzheimer's disease - an exploratory pilot study.","authors":"Friedrich Leblhuber, Simon Geisler, Daniela Ehrlich, Kostja Steiner, Katharina Kurz, Dietmar Fuchs","doi":"10.2174/1567205019666220920090919","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1567205019666220920090919","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Currently available medication for Alzheimer's disease (AD) may slows cognitive decline only transitory, but has failed to bring about long term positive effects. For this slowly progressive neurodegenerative disease so far no disease modifying therapy exists.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To find out if non-pharmacologic non-ivasive neuromodulatory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) may offer a new alternative or an add on therapeutic strategy against loss of cognitive functions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this exploratory intervention study safety and symptom development before and after frontopolar cortex stimulation (FPC) using intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) at 10 subsequent working days was monitored as add-on treatment in 28 consecutive patients with AD. Out of these, 10 randomly selected patients received sham stimulation as a control. In addition, ​serum concentrations of neurotransmitter precursor amino acids, of immune activation and inflammation markers, of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as well as of nitrite were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Treatment was well tolerated, no serious adverse effects were observed. Improvement of cognition was detected by an increase of Mini Mental State Examination score (MMSE; p<0.01, paired rank test) and also by an increase in a modified repeat address phrase test, part of the 6-item cognitive ​impairment test (p < 0.01). A trend to an increase in the clock drawing test (CDT; p = 0.08) was also found in the verum treated group. Furtheron, in 10 of the AD patients with additional symptoms of depression treated with iTBS, a significant decrease in the HAMD-7 scale (p <0.01) and a trend to lower serum phenylalanine concentrations (p = 0.08) was seen. No changes of the parameters tested were found in the sham treated patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our preliminary results may indicate that iTBS is effective in the treatment of AD. Also a slight influence of iTBS on the metabolism of phenylalanine was found after 10 iTBS sessions. An impact of iTBS to influence the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH), as found in previous series of treatment resistant depression, could not be seen in this our first observational trial in 10 AD patients with comorbidity of depression. Longer treatment periods for several weeks in a higher number of AD patients with depression could cause more intense and disease modifying effects visible in different neurotransmitter concentrations important in the pathogenesis of AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":10810,"journal":{"name":"Current Alzheimer research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40372504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Current Alzheimer research
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