Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.2174/1567205020666230908163414
Anton J Kociolek, Kayri K Fernandez, Michelle Hernandez, Zhezhen Jin, Stephanie Cosentino, Carolyn W Zhu, Yian Gu, Davangere P Devanand, Yaakov Stern
Background and objectives: Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS), including psychotic symptoms (hallucinations, illusions, delusions), agitation/aggression, and depressed mood, are common in individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and predict poorer outcomes, including faster disease progression. We aimed to evaluate associations between NPS and cognition and dependence in a multi-ethnic sample of community-dwelling older adults with AD.
Methods: Predictors 3 (P3) is a cohort study of AD disease courses recruiting older adults aged 65 and above residing in upper Manhattan. A total of 138 of 293 participants had probable AD at the study baseline. We fit linear mixed models to examine longitudinal associations of time-varying NPS (psychotic symptoms, agitation/aggression, and depressed mood) with dependence and cognition, adjusted for race-ethnicity, sex, education, age, clinical dementia rating score, APOE-ε4, and comorbidity burden; separate interaction models were fit for age, Hispanic ethnicity, and sex.
Results: Psychotic symptoms were associated with faster rates of increasing dependence and declining cognition over time, agitation/aggression with faster rates of declining cognition, and depressed mood with faster rates of increasing dependence. Among psychotic symptoms, delusions, but not hallucinations or illusions, were associated with worse outcome trajectories. Depressed mood predicted an accelerated increase in dependence in males but not females.
Conclusion: Our results confirm and extend prior results in clinic-based samples. The presence of NPS was associated with worse trajectories of dependence and cognition in this muti-ethnic sample of older adults with AD. Importantly, sex modified the association between depressed mood and dependence. Our results on NPS as predictors of differential AD progression in a community-dwelling, ethnically diverse sample serve to better inform the clinical care of patients and the future development of AD therapies.
{"title":"Neuropsychiatric Symptoms and Trajectories of Dependence and Cognition in a Sample of Community-dwelling Older Adults with Dementia.","authors":"Anton J Kociolek, Kayri K Fernandez, Michelle Hernandez, Zhezhen Jin, Stephanie Cosentino, Carolyn W Zhu, Yian Gu, Davangere P Devanand, Yaakov Stern","doi":"10.2174/1567205020666230908163414","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1567205020666230908163414","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS), including psychotic symptoms (hallucinations, illusions, delusions), agitation/aggression, and depressed mood, are common in individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and predict poorer outcomes, including faster disease progression. We aimed to evaluate associations between NPS and cognition and dependence in a multi-ethnic sample of community-dwelling older adults with AD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Predictors 3 (P3) is a cohort study of AD disease courses recruiting older adults aged 65 and above residing in upper Manhattan. A total of 138 of 293 participants had probable AD at the study baseline. We fit linear mixed models to examine longitudinal associations of time-varying NPS (psychotic symptoms, agitation/aggression, and depressed mood) with dependence and cognition, adjusted for race-ethnicity, sex, education, age, clinical dementia rating score, APOE-ε4, and comorbidity burden; separate interaction models were fit for age, Hispanic ethnicity, and sex.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Psychotic symptoms were associated with faster rates of increasing dependence and declining cognition over time, agitation/aggression with faster rates of declining cognition, and depressed mood with faster rates of increasing dependence. Among psychotic symptoms, delusions, but not hallucinations or illusions, were associated with worse outcome trajectories. Depressed mood predicted an accelerated increase in dependence in males but not females.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results confirm and extend prior results in clinic-based samples. The presence of NPS was associated with worse trajectories of dependence and cognition in this muti-ethnic sample of older adults with AD. Importantly, sex modified the association between depressed mood and dependence. Our results on NPS as predictors of differential AD progression in a community-dwelling, ethnically diverse sample serve to better inform the clinical care of patients and the future development of AD therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":10810,"journal":{"name":"Current Alzheimer research","volume":" ","pages":"409-419"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10726418/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10554805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.2174/1567205020666230203112351
Gao Rong, Wu Hongrong, Li Qingqi, Zhao Jianfeng
Amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are two main characteristics of Alzheimer's disease (AD). As cerebral resident phagocytes, microglia have different roles in Aβ pathology and tau pathology. In this review, we discuss microglial functions in the formation, clearance, and spread of Aβ and tau. Many receptors and enzymes, which are related to microglia, participate in AD pathologies and thus are thought to be potential targets of AD. So, making use of microglia can be beneficial to confine AD pathologies. To sum up, this article review the roles of microglia in AD pathology and possible corresponding treatments.
{"title":"Roles of Microglia in AD Pathology.","authors":"Gao Rong, Wu Hongrong, Li Qingqi, Zhao Jianfeng","doi":"10.2174/1567205020666230203112351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1567205020666230203112351","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are two main characteristics of Alzheimer's disease (AD). As cerebral resident phagocytes, microglia have different roles in Aβ pathology and tau pathology. In this review, we discuss microglial functions in the formation, clearance, and spread of Aβ and tau. Many receptors and enzymes, which are related to microglia, participate in AD pathologies and thus are thought to be potential targets of AD. So, making use of microglia can be beneficial to confine AD pathologies. To sum up, this article review the roles of microglia in AD pathology and possible corresponding treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":10810,"journal":{"name":"Current Alzheimer research","volume":"19 13","pages":"854-869"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9304040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.2174/1567205020666230523155845
Mohamad El Haj, Frédérique Robin, Ahmed A Moustafa, Karim Gallouj
Background: Self-imagination refers to a mnemonic strategy of imagining oneself at a scene related to a cue.
Objective: We tested the effect of self-imagination on memory recall in Alzheimer's disease (AD) Methods: Individuals with AD and healthy controls were invited to perform two conditions. In the control (i.e., semantic elaboration) condition, participants were asked to define to which semantic category (e.g., dance) words (e.g., waltz) belong. However, in a self-imagining condition, participants were asked to imagine themselves in a scene related to the stimuli (e.g., dancing waltz). Both conditions were followed by two free memory tests with two different intervals (20 seconds vs. 20 minutes).
Results: Analysis showed a beneficial effect of self-imagination for the 20-second but not for the 20- minute recall in AD participants and controls.
Conclusion: Clinicians can incorporate our findings when assessing, especially when trying to rehabilitate, episodic memory in AD.
{"title":"Imagine Yourself Dancing Waltz: The Effect of Imagination on Memory in Alzheimer's Disease.","authors":"Mohamad El Haj, Frédérique Robin, Ahmed A Moustafa, Karim Gallouj","doi":"10.2174/1567205020666230523155845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1567205020666230523155845","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Self-imagination refers to a mnemonic strategy of imagining oneself at a scene related to a cue.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We tested the effect of self-imagination on memory recall in Alzheimer's disease (AD) Methods: Individuals with AD and healthy controls were invited to perform two conditions. In the control (i.e., semantic elaboration) condition, participants were asked to define to which semantic category (e.g., dance) words (e.g., waltz) belong. However, in a self-imagining condition, participants were asked to imagine themselves in a scene related to the stimuli (e.g., dancing waltz). Both conditions were followed by two free memory tests with two different intervals (20 seconds vs. 20 minutes).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analysis showed a beneficial effect of self-imagination for the 20-second but not for the 20- minute recall in AD participants and controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Clinicians can incorporate our findings when assessing, especially when trying to rehabilitate, episodic memory in AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":10810,"journal":{"name":"Current Alzheimer research","volume":"20 2","pages":"98-108"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9850662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}