Pub Date : 2020-03-12DOI: 10.1007/s12281-020-00381-8
M. Maza-Morales, M. Rivas-Calderón, E. Barrón-Calvillo, M. García-Romero
{"title":"Coccidioidomycosis in Children and Adolescents: an Update","authors":"M. Maza-Morales, M. Rivas-Calderón, E. Barrón-Calvillo, M. García-Romero","doi":"10.1007/s12281-020-00381-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12281-020-00381-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10813,"journal":{"name":"Current Fungal Infection Reports","volume":"14 1","pages":"106-114"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12281-020-00381-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44421366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-01Epub Date: 2020-01-16DOI: 10.1007/s12281-020-00370-x
Victoria M Stevens, Scott W Mueller, Paul M Reynolds, Robert MacLaren, Tyree H Kiser
Purpose of review: This article aimed to review animal models of antifungals and identifies human literature to assess if the extrapolation of results is reliable.
Recent findings: Animal studies have helped identify AUC/MIC targets for new drugs and formulations such as isavuconazole and delayed release posaconazole that have translated to successful outcomes in humans. Models have also been influential in the identification of possible combination therapies for the treatment of aspergillosis, such as voriconazole and echinocandins. However, challenges are endured with animal models when it comes to replicating the pharmacokinetics of humans which has been exemplified with the newest itraconazole formulation. Additionally, animal models have displayed a survival benefit with the use of iron chelators and amphotericin for mucormycosis which was not demonstrated in humans.
Summary: Animal models have been a staple in the development and optimization of antifungal agents. They afford the ability to investigate uncommon diseases, such as invasive fungal infections, that would otherwise take years and many resources to complete. Although there are many benefits of animal models there are also shortcomings. This is why the reliability of extrapolating data from animal models to humans is often scrutinized.
{"title":"Extrapolating Antifungal Animal Data to Humans - Is it reliable?","authors":"Victoria M Stevens, Scott W Mueller, Paul M Reynolds, Robert MacLaren, Tyree H Kiser","doi":"10.1007/s12281-020-00370-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12281-020-00370-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This article aimed to review animal models of antifungals and identifies human literature to assess if the extrapolation of results is reliable.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Animal studies have helped identify AUC/MIC targets for new drugs and formulations such as isavuconazole and delayed release posaconazole that have translated to successful outcomes in humans. Models have also been influential in the identification of possible combination therapies for the treatment of aspergillosis, such as voriconazole and echinocandins. However, challenges are endured with animal models when it comes to replicating the pharmacokinetics of humans which has been exemplified with the newest itraconazole formulation. Additionally, animal models have displayed a survival benefit with the use of iron chelators and amphotericin for mucormycosis which was not demonstrated in humans.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Animal models have been a staple in the development and optimization of antifungal agents. They afford the ability to investigate uncommon diseases, such as invasive fungal infections, that would otherwise take years and many resources to complete. Although there are many benefits of animal models there are also shortcomings. This is why the reliability of extrapolating data from animal models to humans is often scrutinized.</p>","PeriodicalId":10813,"journal":{"name":"Current Fungal Infection Reports","volume":"14 1","pages":"50-62"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7083583/pdf/nihms-1550064.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37762142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-01Epub Date: 2020-01-16DOI: 10.1007/s12281-020-00371-w
Matthew A Miller, Yee Ming Lee
Purpose of review: This review summarizes recent literature for applying pharmacogenomics to antifungal selection and dosing, providing an approach to implementing antifungal pharmacogenomics in clinical practice.
Recent findings: The Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium published guidelines on CYP2C19 and voriconazole, with recommendations to use alternative antifungals or adjust voriconazole dose with close therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). Recent studies demonstrate an association between CYP2C19 phenotype and voriconazole levels, clinical outcomes, and adverse events. Additionally, CYP2C19-guided preemptive dose adjustment demonstrated benefit in two prospective studies for prophylaxis. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling studies have generated proposed voriconazole treatment doses based on CYP2C19 phenotypes, with further validation studies needed.
Summary: Sufficient evidence is available for implementing CYP2C19-guided voriconazole selection and dosing among select patients at risk for invasive fungal infections. The institution needs appropriate infrastructure for pharmacogenomic testing, integration of results in the clinical decision process, with TDM confirmation of goal trough achievement, to integrate antifungal pharmacogenomics into routine clinical care.
{"title":"Applying Pharmacogenomics to Antifungal Selection and Dosing: Are We There Yet?","authors":"Matthew A Miller, Yee Ming Lee","doi":"10.1007/s12281-020-00371-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12281-020-00371-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This review summarizes recent literature for applying pharmacogenomics to antifungal selection and dosing, providing an approach to implementing antifungal pharmacogenomics in clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>The Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium published guidelines on <i>CYP2C19</i> and voriconazole, with recommendations to use alternative antifungals or adjust voriconazole dose with close therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). Recent studies demonstrate an association between <i>CYP2C19</i> phenotype and voriconazole levels, clinical outcomes, and adverse events. Additionally, <i>CYP2C19</i>-guided preemptive dose adjustment demonstrated benefit in two prospective studies for prophylaxis. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling studies have generated proposed voriconazole treatment doses based on <i>CYP2C19</i> phenotypes, with further validation studies needed.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Sufficient evidence is available for implementing <i>CYP2C19</i>-guided voriconazole selection and dosing among select patients at risk for invasive fungal infections. The institution needs appropriate infrastructure for pharmacogenomic testing, integration of results in the clinical decision process, with TDM confirmation of goal trough achievement, to integrate antifungal pharmacogenomics into routine clinical care.</p>","PeriodicalId":10813,"journal":{"name":"Current Fungal Infection Reports","volume":"14 1","pages":"63-75"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12281-020-00371-w","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37808133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-20DOI: 10.1007/s12281-020-00378-3
A. Espinel-Ingroff, E. Dannaoui
{"title":"Should Etest MICs for Yeasts Be Categorized by Reference (BPs/ECVs) or by Etest (ECVs) Cutoffs as Determinants of Emerging Resistance?","authors":"A. Espinel-Ingroff, E. Dannaoui","doi":"10.1007/s12281-020-00378-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12281-020-00378-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10813,"journal":{"name":"Current Fungal Infection Reports","volume":"14 1","pages":"120-129"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12281-020-00378-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45994704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-04DOI: 10.1007/s12281-020-00372-9
A. Motter, M. C. López-Joffre, A. Toranzo, D. Salas, M. Viale, Flavia Vivot, A. Hevia, R. Abrantes, Julián Fernández, C. Canteros, R. Suárez-Alvarez
{"title":"Molecular Characterization of Coccidioides spp. Strains Isolated from Patients in the Argentine Republic","authors":"A. Motter, M. C. López-Joffre, A. Toranzo, D. Salas, M. Viale, Flavia Vivot, A. Hevia, R. Abrantes, Julián Fernández, C. Canteros, R. Suárez-Alvarez","doi":"10.1007/s12281-020-00372-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12281-020-00372-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10813,"journal":{"name":"Current Fungal Infection Reports","volume":"14 1","pages":"15 - 20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12281-020-00372-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47700628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-31DOI: 10.1007/s12281-020-00377-4
M. Panizo, G. Ferrara, N. Garcia, Xiomara Moreno, T. Navas, E. Calderón
{"title":"Diagnosis, Burden and Mortality of Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia in Venezuela","authors":"M. Panizo, G. Ferrara, N. Garcia, Xiomara Moreno, T. Navas, E. Calderón","doi":"10.1007/s12281-020-00377-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12281-020-00377-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10813,"journal":{"name":"Current Fungal Infection Reports","volume":"14 1","pages":"29 - 39"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12281-020-00377-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46441536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-30DOI: 10.1007/s12281-020-00373-8
J. P. F. Takahashi, L. M. Feliciano, D. Santos, S. Ramos, R. A. Oliveira, D. Attili-Angelis, Nadia Regina Rodrigues, J. Sampaio, M. dos Anjos Martins, M. Melhem
{"title":"Could Fungicides Lead to Azole Drug Resistance in a Cross-Resistance Manner among Environmental Cryptococcus Strains?","authors":"J. P. F. Takahashi, L. M. Feliciano, D. Santos, S. Ramos, R. A. Oliveira, D. Attili-Angelis, Nadia Regina Rodrigues, J. Sampaio, M. dos Anjos Martins, M. Melhem","doi":"10.1007/s12281-020-00373-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12281-020-00373-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10813,"journal":{"name":"Current Fungal Infection Reports","volume":"14 1","pages":"14 - 9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12281-020-00373-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"52680137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-21DOI: 10.1007/s12281-020-00374-7
P. White, A. Alanio, M. Cruciani, R. Gorton, L. Millon, V. Rickerts, R. Barnes, J. Donnelly, J. Loeffler
{"title":"Nucleic Acid Tools for Invasive Fungal Disease Diagnosis","authors":"P. White, A. Alanio, M. Cruciani, R. Gorton, L. Millon, V. Rickerts, R. Barnes, J. Donnelly, J. Loeffler","doi":"10.1007/s12281-020-00374-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12281-020-00374-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10813,"journal":{"name":"Current Fungal Infection Reports","volume":"14 1","pages":"76-88"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12281-020-00374-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49579593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-21DOI: 10.1007/s12281-020-00375-6
Erica J. Stohs, A. Zimmer
{"title":"An Approach to Suspected Invasive Fungal Infection in Patients with Hematologic Malignancy and HCT Recipients with Persistent Neutropenic Fever Despite Mold-Active Prophylaxis","authors":"Erica J. Stohs, A. Zimmer","doi":"10.1007/s12281-020-00375-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12281-020-00375-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10813,"journal":{"name":"Current Fungal Infection Reports","volume":"14 1","pages":"89-98"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12281-020-00375-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42614912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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