Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1007/s12281-023-00450-8
Alejandro Barrera-Godínez, Grecia Figueroa-Ramos
Purpose of review: To review recent literature on Malassezia folliculitis and explore its association with COVID-19.
Recent findings: Reports of Malassezia folliculitis in the setting of COVID-19 are scarce. Shared characteristics between affected individuals include male sex, obesity, intensive care, and administration of systemic antibiotics and systemic steroids. Dexamethasone can potentially stimulate sebum production and therefore lead to Malassezia proliferation. The clinical picture of Malassezia folliculitis accompanying COVID-19 is similar to classic descriptions but tends to spare the face and predominates in occlusion sites.
Summary: Malassezia folliculitis is under-recognized. Fever, sweating, occlusion, immobility, antibiotics, and dexamethasone contribute to COVID-19 patients developing Malassezia folliculitis. Antifungal therapy, together with correcting predisposing factors, is the mainstay of management. Future research should explore the relationship between systemic steroids and other acneiform reactions.
{"title":"<i>Malassezia</i> Folliculitis in the Setting of COVID-19.","authors":"Alejandro Barrera-Godínez, Grecia Figueroa-Ramos","doi":"10.1007/s12281-023-00450-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12281-023-00450-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>To review recent literature on <i>Malassezia</i> folliculitis and explore its association with COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Reports of <i>Malassezia</i> folliculitis in the setting of COVID-19 are scarce. Shared characteristics between affected individuals include male sex, obesity, intensive care, and administration of systemic antibiotics and systemic steroids. Dexamethasone can potentially stimulate sebum production and therefore lead to <i>Malassezia</i> proliferation. The clinical picture of <i>Malassezia</i> folliculitis accompanying COVID-19 is similar to classic descriptions but tends to spare the face and predominates in occlusion sites.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong><i>Malassezia</i> folliculitis is under-recognized. Fever, sweating, occlusion, immobility, antibiotics, and dexamethasone contribute to COVID-19 patients developing <i>Malassezia</i> folliculitis. Antifungal therapy, together with correcting predisposing factors, is the mainstay of management. Future research should explore the relationship between systemic steroids and other acneiform reactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":10813,"journal":{"name":"Current Fungal Infection Reports","volume":"17 1","pages":"71-76"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9886535/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9098114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1007/s12281-023-00456-2
Zhaolun Li, David W Denning
Purpose of review: Corticosteroids have a complex relationship with fungal disease - risk for many, benefit for others. This systematic review aims to address the effect of corticosteroids on mortality and visual outcome in different fungal diseases.
Recent findings: Corticosteroids are a risk factor of aspergillosis for patients who have COVID-19, and they also led to a worse outcome. Similarity, corticosteroids are a risk factor for candidemia and mucormycosis. Some researchers reported that using topical corticosteroid in keratitis was associated with worse visual outcome if fungal keratitis. Some studies showed that corticosteroids are linked to a negative outcome for non-HIV patients with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP), in contrast to those with HIV and PCP.
Summary: In 59 references, we found that corticosteroid therapy showed a worse clinical outcome in invasive aspergillosis (IA) (HR: 2.50, 95%CI: 1.89-3.31, p < 0.001) and chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) (HR: 2.74, 95%CI: 1.48-5.06, p = 0.001), PCP without HIV infection (OR: 1.29, 95%CI: 1.09-1.53, p = 0.003), invasive candidiasis and candidaemia (OR: 2.13, 95%CI: 1.85-2.46, p < 0.001), mucormycosis (OR: 4.19, 95%CI: 1.74-10.05, p = 0.001) and early in the course of fungal keratitis (OR: 2.99, 95%CI: 1.14-7.84, p = 0.026). There was equivocal outcome in cryptococcal meningoencephalitis in AIDS and primary coccidioidomycosis, while corticosteroid therapy showed a better outcome in PCP in HIV-infected patients (RR: 0.62, 95%CI: 0.46-0.83, p=0.001) and fungal keratitis patients after keratoplasty surgery (OR: 0.01, 95%CI: 0.00-0.41, p = 0.041) and probably in cryptococcal meningoencephalitis in non-immunocompromised patients. A sub-analysis in invasive aspergillosis and CPA showed that use of more than 2 mg/kg/day of prednisolone equivalents per day is a significant factor in increasing mortality (HR: 2.94, 95%CI: 2.13-4.05, p < 0.001). Corticosteroid therapy during invasive fungal disease was usually associated with a slightly or greatly increased mortality or worse visual outcome (in fungal keratitis), with two disease exceptions. Avoiding the addition of corticosteroids, or minimising dose and duration in those who require them, is likely to improve the outcome of most life- and vision-threatening fungal diseases. This review provides a cornerstone for further research in exploring the accuracy of suitable dose and duration of corticosteroids treatment in fungal diseases.
Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12281-023-00456-2.
{"title":"The Impact of Corticosteroids on the Outcome of Fungal Disease: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Zhaolun Li, David W Denning","doi":"10.1007/s12281-023-00456-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12281-023-00456-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Corticosteroids have a complex relationship with fungal disease - risk for many, benefit for others. This systematic review aims to address the effect of corticosteroids on mortality and visual outcome in different fungal diseases.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Corticosteroids are a risk factor of aspergillosis for patients who have COVID-19, and they also led to a worse outcome. Similarity, corticosteroids are a risk factor for candidemia and mucormycosis. Some researchers reported that using topical corticosteroid in keratitis was associated with worse visual outcome if fungal keratitis. Some studies showed that corticosteroids are linked to a negative outcome for non-HIV patients with <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> pneumonia (PCP), in contrast to those with HIV and PCP.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>In 59 references, we found that corticosteroid therapy showed a worse clinical outcome in invasive aspergillosis (IA) (HR: 2.50, 95%CI: 1.89-3.31, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) (HR: 2.74, 95%CI: 1.48-5.06, <i>p</i> = 0.001), PCP without HIV infection (OR: 1.29, 95%CI: 1.09-1.53, <i>p</i> = 0.003), invasive candidiasis and candidaemia (OR: 2.13, 95%CI: 1.85-2.46, <i>p</i> < 0.001), mucormycosis (OR: 4.19, 95%CI: 1.74-10.05, <i>p</i> = 0.001) and early in the course of fungal keratitis (OR: 2.99, 95%CI: 1.14-7.84, <i>p</i> = 0.026). There was equivocal outcome in cryptococcal meningoencephalitis in AIDS and primary coccidioidomycosis, while corticosteroid therapy showed a better outcome in PCP in HIV-infected patients (RR: 0.62, 95%CI: 0.46-0.83, <i>p</i>=0.001) and fungal keratitis patients after keratoplasty surgery (OR: 0.01, 95%CI: 0.00-0.41, <i>p</i> = 0.041) and probably in cryptococcal meningoencephalitis in non-immunocompromised patients. A sub-analysis in invasive aspergillosis and CPA showed that use of more than 2 mg/kg/day of prednisolone equivalents per day is a significant factor in increasing mortality (HR: 2.94, 95%CI: 2.13-4.05, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Corticosteroid therapy during invasive fungal disease was usually associated with a slightly or greatly increased mortality or worse visual outcome (in fungal keratitis), with two disease exceptions. Avoiding the addition of corticosteroids, or minimising dose and duration in those who require them, is likely to improve the outcome of most life- and vision-threatening fungal diseases. This review provides a cornerstone for further research in exploring the accuracy of suitable dose and duration of corticosteroids treatment in fungal diseases.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12281-023-00456-2.</p>","PeriodicalId":10813,"journal":{"name":"Current Fungal Infection Reports","volume":"17 1","pages":"54-70"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9947451/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9152089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-18DOI: 10.1007/s12281-022-00448-8
Heidi M. Torres
{"title":"Current Options in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Monkeypox","authors":"Heidi M. Torres","doi":"10.1007/s12281-022-00448-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12281-022-00448-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10813,"journal":{"name":"Current Fungal Infection Reports","volume":"16 1","pages":"234-239"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47892997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-17DOI: 10.1007/s12281-022-00447-9
Nora Ximena Ugalde-Trejo, Karla Paola Delgado Moreno, A. Álfaro-Sánchez, A. Tirado-Sánchez, José Alexandro Bonifaz Trujillo
{"title":"Two Feet-One Hand Syndrome: Tinea Pedis and Tinea Manuum","authors":"Nora Ximena Ugalde-Trejo, Karla Paola Delgado Moreno, A. Álfaro-Sánchez, A. Tirado-Sánchez, José Alexandro Bonifaz Trujillo","doi":"10.1007/s12281-022-00447-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12281-022-00447-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10813,"journal":{"name":"Current Fungal Infection Reports","volume":"16 1","pages":"117 - 125"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48104054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-10DOI: 10.1007/s12281-022-00444-y
P. Sahu, J. Katwala
{"title":"Pathogenesis of Fungal Infections in the Central Nervous System: Host and Pathogen Factors in Neurotropism","authors":"P. Sahu, J. Katwala","doi":"10.1007/s12281-022-00444-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12281-022-00444-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10813,"journal":{"name":"Current Fungal Infection Reports","volume":"16 1","pages":"221-233"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41956618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-17DOI: 10.1007/s12281-022-00442-0
F. Runyo, C. Rotstein
{"title":"Epidemiology of Invasive Fungal Infections in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: a North American Perspective","authors":"F. Runyo, C. Rotstein","doi":"10.1007/s12281-022-00442-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12281-022-00442-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10813,"journal":{"name":"Current Fungal Infection Reports","volume":"16 1","pages":"188 - 196"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41775732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-30DOI: 10.1007/s12281-022-00436-y
Johannes Boyer, Lisa Kriegl, R. Krause, M. Hoenigl
{"title":"Dark Mold Infections in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients","authors":"Johannes Boyer, Lisa Kriegl, R. Krause, M. Hoenigl","doi":"10.1007/s12281-022-00436-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12281-022-00436-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10813,"journal":{"name":"Current Fungal Infection Reports","volume":"16 1","pages":"107 - 115"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41760942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-19DOI: 10.1007/s12281-022-00435-z
F. Messina, G. Giusiano, G. Santiso
{"title":"Endemic Mycoses and COVID-19: a Review","authors":"F. Messina, G. Giusiano, G. Santiso","doi":"10.1007/s12281-022-00435-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12281-022-00435-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10813,"journal":{"name":"Current Fungal Infection Reports","volume":"16 1","pages":"98 - 106"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48368796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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